diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 26fef94..a39e192 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -1865,6 +1865,13 @@
         return new ArraySet<>(mAccessUids);
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    // For internal clients that know what they are doing and need to avoid the performance hit
+    // of the defensive copy.
+    public @NonNull ArraySet<Integer> getAccessUidsNoCopy() {
+        return mAccessUids;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Test whether this UID has special permission to access this network, as per mAccessUids.
      * @hide
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index f1c1499..f587cf0 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -439,8 +439,6 @@
      * Requests that don't code for a per-app preference use PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID.
      * The default request uses PREFERENCE_ORDER_DEFAULT.
      */
-    // Bound for the lowest valid preference order.
-    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_LOWEST = 999;
     // Used when sending to netd to code for "no order".
     static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE = 0;
     // Order for requests that don't code for a per-app preference. As it is
@@ -448,11 +446,6 @@
     // PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE when sending to netd.
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
-    // Order for the default internet request. Since this must always have the
-    // lowest priority, its value is larger than the largest acceptable value. As
-    // it is out of the valid range, the corresponding order should be
-    // PREFERENCE_ORDER_NONE when sending to netd.
-    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_DEFAULT = 1000;
     // As a security feature, VPNs have the top priority.
     static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_VPN = 0; // Netd supports only 0 for VPN.
     // Order of per-app OEM preference. See {@link #setOemNetworkPreference}.
@@ -467,6 +460,13 @@
     // See {@link ConnectivitySettingsManager#setMobileDataPreferredUids}
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED = 30;
+    // Preference order that signifies the network shouldn't be set as a default network for
+    // the UIDs, only give them access to it. TODO : replace this with a boolean
+    // in NativeUidRangeConfig
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT = 999;
+    // Bound for the lowest valid preference order.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_ORDER_LOWEST = 999;
 
     /**
      * used internally to clear a wakelock when transitioning
@@ -7749,6 +7749,17 @@
         return stableRanges;
     }
 
+    private static UidRangeParcel[] intsToUidRangeStableParcels(
+            final @NonNull ArraySet<Integer> uids) {
+        final UidRangeParcel[] stableRanges = new UidRangeParcel[uids.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (int uid : uids) {
+            stableRanges[index] = new UidRangeParcel(uid, uid);
+            index++;
+        }
+        return stableRanges;
+    }
+
     private static UidRangeParcel[] toUidRangeStableParcels(UidRange[] ranges) {
         final UidRangeParcel[] stableRanges = new UidRangeParcel[ranges.length];
         for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
@@ -7819,8 +7830,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void updateUids(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
-            NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+    private void updateUids(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, @Nullable NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        updateVpnUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+        updateAccessUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+    }
+
+    private void updateVpnUids(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, @Nullable NetworkCapabilities prevNc,
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
         Set<UidRange> prevRanges = null == prevNc ? null : prevNc.getUidRanges();
         Set<UidRange> newRanges = null == newNc ? null : newNc.getUidRanges();
         if (null == prevRanges) prevRanges = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -7879,6 +7896,46 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void updateAccessUids(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable NetworkCapabilities prevNc, @Nullable NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
+        // In almost all cases both NC code for empty access UIDs. return as fast as possible.
+        final boolean prevEmpty = null == prevNc || prevNc.getAccessUidsNoCopy().isEmpty();
+        final boolean newEmpty = null == newNc || newNc.getAccessUidsNoCopy().isEmpty();
+        if (prevEmpty && newEmpty) return;
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> prevUids =
+                null == prevNc ? new ArraySet<>() : prevNc.getAccessUidsNoCopy();
+        final ArraySet<Integer> newUids =
+                null == newNc ? new ArraySet<>() : newNc.getAccessUidsNoCopy();
+
+        if (prevUids.equals(newUids)) return;
+
+        // This implementation is very simple and vastly faster for sets of Integers than
+        // CompareOrUpdateResult, which is tuned for sets that need to be compared based on
+        // a key computed from the value and has storage for that.
+        final ArraySet<Integer> toRemove = new ArraySet<>(prevUids);
+        final ArraySet<Integer> toAdd = new ArraySet<>(newUids);
+        toRemove.removeAll(newUids);
+        toAdd.removeAll(prevUids);
+
+        try {
+            if (!toAdd.isEmpty()) {
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId,
+                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toAdd),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+            }
+            if (!toRemove.isEmpty()) {
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId,
+                        intsToUidRangeStableParcels(toRemove),
+                        PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT));
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Netd died. This usually causes a runtime restart anyway.
+        }
+    }
+
     public void handleUpdateLinkProperties(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties newLp) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 76eaf22..b9e2a5f 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.transportNamesOf;
@@ -1208,12 +1209,18 @@
 
     private static boolean areAccessUidsAcceptableFromNetworkAgent(
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-        if (nc.hasAccessUids()) {
-            Log.w(TAG, "Capabilities from network agent must not contain access UIDs");
-            // TODO : accept the supported cases
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
+        // NCs without access UIDs are fine.
+        if (!nc.hasAccessUids()) return true;
+
+        // On a non-restricted network, access UIDs make no sense
+        if (nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)) return false;
+
+        // If this network has TRANSPORT_TEST, then the caller can do whatever they want to
+        // access UIDs
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) return true;
+
+        // TODO : accept more supported cases
+        return false;
     }
 
     // TODO: Print shorter members first and only print the boolean variable which value is true
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 4dc86ff..365c0cf 100644
--- a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
@@ -109,6 +110,9 @@
             case TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE:
                 mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(20).build();
                 break;
+            case TRANSPORT_TEST:
+                mScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+                break;
             case TRANSPORT_VPN:
                 mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
                 // VPNs deduce the SUSPENDED capability from their underlying networks and there
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index f7ffd79..2985c41 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.REDACT_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
@@ -1490,6 +1492,10 @@
                 r -> new UidRangeParcel(r.start, r.stop)).toArray(UidRangeParcel[]::new);
     }
 
+    private UidRangeParcel[] intToUidRangeStableParcels(final @NonNull Set<Integer> ranges) {
+        return ranges.stream().map(r -> new UidRangeParcel(r, r)).toArray(UidRangeParcel[]::new);
+    }
+
     private VpnManagerService makeVpnManagerService() {
         final VpnManagerService.Dependencies deps = new VpnManagerService.Dependencies() {
             public int getCallingUid() {
@@ -14601,6 +14607,75 @@
                 () -> mCm.registerNetworkCallback(getRequestWithSubIds(), new NetworkCallback()));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testAccessUids() throws Exception {
+        final int preferenceOrder =
+                ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_IRRELEVANT_BECAUSE_NOT_DEFAULT;
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .clearCapabilities()
+                        .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .build(),
+                cb);
+
+        final ArraySet<Integer> uids = new ArraySet<>();
+        uids.add(200);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .setAccessUids(uids)
+                .build();
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_TEST,
+                new LinkProperties(), nc);
+        agent.connect(true);
+        cb.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids200Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids200Parcel);
+
+        uids.add(300);
+        uids.add(400);
+        nc.setAccessUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAccessUids().equals(uids));
+
+        uids.remove(200);
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids300400Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids300400Parcel);
+
+        nc.setAccessUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAccessUids().equals(uids));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids200Parcel);
+
+        uids.clear();
+        uids.add(600);
+        nc.setAccessUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAccessUids().equals(uids));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig uids600Parcel = new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                agent.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                intToUidRangeStableParcels(uids),
+                preferenceOrder);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(uids600Parcel);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids300400Parcel);
+
+        uids.clear();
+        nc.setAccessUids(uids);
+        agent.setNetworkCapabilities(nc, true /* sendToConnectivityService */);
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(agent, caps -> caps.getAccessUids().isEmpty());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(uids600Parcel);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Validate request counts are counted accurately on setProfileNetworkPreference on set/replace.
      */