diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 76c5d5c..b3cae7c 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@
     hidden_api: {
         max_target_r_low_priority: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-r-loprio.txt",
-        ],
+	],
         max_target_o_low_priority: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority.txt",
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-max-target-o-low-priority-tiramisu.txt",
-        ],
+	],
         unsupported: [
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported.txt",
             "hiddenapi/hiddenapi-unsupported-tiramisu.txt",
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
index 230ef70..78fca29 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
     host_supported: false,
     header_libs: [
         "bpf_headers",
-        "libnetdbinder_utils_headers",  // for XtBpfProgLocations.h
+        "netd_mainline_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
         "bpf_headers",
-        "libnetdbinder_utils_headers",  // for XtBpfProgLocations.h
+        "netd_mainline_headers",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
     cflags: [
@@ -120,11 +120,6 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
     ],
-    // need //frameworks/libs/net/common/netd/libnetdutils/include/netdutils/UidConstants.h
-    // MIN_SYSTEM_UID, MAX_SYSTEM_UID, PER_USER_RANGE
-    include_dirs: [
-        "frameworks/libs/net/common/netd/libnetdutils/include",
-    ],
     // WARNING: Android T's non-updatable netd depends on 'netd_shared' string for xt_bpf programs
     sub_dir: "netd_shared",
 }
diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h
index 0556253..fd449a3 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_shared.h
@@ -111,12 +111,12 @@
 #define BPF_INGRESS_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupskb_ingress_stats"
 
 #define ASSERT_STRING_EQUAL(s1, s2) \
-  static_assert(std::string_view(s1) == std::string_view(s2), "mismatch vs Android T netd")
+    static_assert(std::string_view(s1) == std::string_view(s2), "mismatch vs Android T netd")
 
 /* -=-=-=-=- WARNING -=-=-=-=-
  *
  * These 4 xt_bpf program paths are actually defined by:
- *   //system/netd/include/binder_utils/XtBpfProgLocations.h
+ *   //system/netd/include/mainline/XtBpfProgLocations.h
  * which is intentionally a non-automerged location.
  *
  * They are *UNCHANGEABLE* due to being hard coded in Android T's netd binary
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@
 STRUCT_SIZE(UidOwnerValue, 2 * 4);  // 8
 
 // Entry in the configuration map that stores which UID rules are enabled.
-#define UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY 1
+#define UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY 0
 // Entry in the configuration map that stores which stats map is currently in use.
-#define CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY 2
+#define CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY 1
 
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t iif;            // The input interface index
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clat_mark.h b/bpf_progs/clat_mark.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..874d6ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpf_progs/clat_mark.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/* -=-=-=-=-= WARNING -=-=-=-=-=-
+ *
+ * DO *NOT* *EVER* CHANGE THIS CONSTANT
+ *
+ * This is aidl::android::net::INetd::CLAT_MARK but we can't use that from
+ * pure C code (ie. the eBPF clat program).
+ *
+ * It must match the iptables rules setup by netd on Android T.
+ *
+ * This mark value is used by the eBPF clatd program to mark ingress non-offloaded clat
+ * packets for later dropping in ip6tables bw_raw_PREROUTING.
+ * They need to be dropped *after* the clat daemon (via receive on an AF_PACKET socket)
+ * sees them and thus cannot be dropped from the bpf program itself.
+ */
+static const uint32_t CLAT_MARK = 0xDEADC1A7;
diff --git a/bpf_progs/clatd.c b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
index c5b8555..66e9616 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/clatd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/clatd.c
@@ -36,16 +36,11 @@
 #include "bpf_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
 #include "bpf_shared.h"
+#include "clat_mark.h"
 
 // From kernel:include/net/ip.h
 #define IP_DF 0x4000  // Flag: "Don't Fragment"
 
-// Used for iptables drops ingress clat packet. Beware of clat mark change may break the device
-// which is using the old clat mark in netd platform code. The reason is that the clat mark is a
-// mainline constant since T+ but netd iptable rules (ex: bandwidth control, firewall, and so on)
-// are set in stone.
-#define CLAT_MARK 0xdeadc1a7
-
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(clat_ingress6_map, HASH, ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value, 16, AID_SYSTEM)
 
 static inline __always_inline int nat64(struct __sk_buff* skb, bool is_ethernet) {
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index 5d82e17..17c18c9 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <linux/ipv6.h>
 #include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
 #include <linux/tcp.h>
-#include <netdutils/UidConstants.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "bpf_net_helpers.h"
@@ -64,13 +63,18 @@
 #define DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries) \
     DEFINE_BPF_MAP_UGM(the_map, TYPE, TypeOfKey, TypeOfValue, num_entries, AID_ROOT, AID_NET_BW_ACCT, 0660)
 
+// Bpf map arrays on creation are preinitialized to 0 and do not support deletion of a key,
+// see: kernel/bpf/arraymap.c array_map_delete_elem() returns -EINVAL (from both syscall and ebpf)
+// Additionally on newer kernels the bpf jit can optimize out the lookups.
+// only valid indexes are [0..CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE-1]
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(configuration_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, uint32_t, CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE)
+
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(cookie_tag_map, HASH, uint64_t, UidTagValue, COOKIE_UID_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(uid_counterset_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint8_t, UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(app_uid_stats_map, HASH, uint32_t, StatsValue, APP_STATS_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(stats_map_A, HASH, StatsKey, StatsValue, STATS_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RO_NETD(stats_map_B, HASH, StatsKey, StatsValue, STATS_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(iface_stats_map, HASH, uint32_t, StatsValue, IFACE_STATS_MAP_SIZE)
-DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(configuration_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint32_t, CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(uid_owner_map, HASH, uint32_t, UidOwnerValue, UID_OWNER_MAP_SIZE)
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(uid_permission_map, HASH, uint32_t, uint8_t, UID_OWNER_MAP_SIZE)
 
@@ -78,7 +82,9 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(iface_index_name_map, HASH, uint32_t, IfaceValue, IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_SIZE)
 
 static __always_inline int is_system_uid(uint32_t uid) {
-    return (uid <= MAX_SYSTEM_UID) && (uid >= MIN_SYSTEM_UID);
+    // MIN_SYSTEM_UID is AID_ROOT == 0, so uint32_t is *always* >= 0
+    // MAX_SYSTEM_UID is AID_NOBODY == 9999, while AID_APP_START == 10000
+    return (uid < AID_APP_START);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -396,7 +402,7 @@
      * user at install time so we only check the appId part of a request uid at
      * run time. See UserHandle#isSameApp for detail.
      */
-    uint32_t appId = (gid_uid & 0xffffffff) % PER_USER_RANGE;
+    uint32_t appId = (gid_uid & 0xffffffff) % AID_USER_OFFSET;  // == PER_USER_RANGE == 100000
     uint8_t* permissions = bpf_uid_permission_map_lookup_elem(&appId);
     if (!permissions) {
         // UID not in map. Default to just INTERNET permission.
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 4ce6add..a2a1ac0 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -200,6 +200,8 @@
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor getFileDescriptor();
     method @NonNull public String getInterfaceName();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.MacAddress getMacAddress();
+    method public int getMtu();
     method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TestNetworkInterface> CREATOR;
   }
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index a3d3896..f1298ce 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -249,10 +249,10 @@
     method public void onValidationStatus(int, @Nullable android.net.Uri);
     method @NonNull public android.net.Network register();
     method public void sendAddDscpPolicy(@NonNull android.net.DscpPolicy);
-    method public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
-    method public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
-    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
-    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
+    method public void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
+    method public void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
+    method public void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
     method public final void sendQosCallbackError(int, int);
     method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
     method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
diff --git a/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt b/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1311765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/jarjar-excludes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# INetworkStatsProvider / INetworkStatsProviderCallback are referenced from net-tests-utils, which
+# may be used by tests that do not apply connectivity jarjar rules.
+# TODO: move files to a known internal package (like android.net.connectivity.visiblefortesting)
+# so that they do not need jarjar
+android\.net\.netstats\.provider\.INetworkStatsProvider(\$.+)?
+android\.net\.netstats\.provider\.INetworkStatsProviderCallback(\$.+)?
+
+# INetworkAgent / INetworkAgentRegistry are used in NetworkAgentTest
+# TODO: move files to android.net.connectivity.visiblefortesting
+android\.net\.INetworkAgent(\$.+)?
+android\.net\.INetworkAgentRegistry(\$.+)?
+
+# IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback used in ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest
+# TODO: move files to android.net.connectivity.visiblefortesting
+android\.net\.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(\$.+)?
+
+
+# KeepaliveUtils is used by ConnectivityManager CTS
+# TODO: move into service-connectivity so framework-connectivity stops using
+# ServiceConnectivityResources (callers need high permissions to find/query the resource apk anyway)
+# and have a ConnectivityManager test API instead
+android\.net\.util\.KeepaliveUtils(\$.+)?
+
+# TODO (b/217115866): add jarjar rules for Nearby
+android\.nearby\..+
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 1b0578f..39cd7f3 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -983,16 +983,6 @@
     public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5;
 
     /**
-     * Firewall chain used for lockdown VPN.
-     * Denylist of apps that cannot receive incoming packets except on loopback because they are
-     * subject to an always-on VPN which is not currently connected.
-     *
-     * @see #BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 6;
-
-    /**
      * Firewall chain used for OEM-specific application restrictions.
      * Denylist of apps that will not have network access due to OEM-specific restrictions.
      * @hide
@@ -1024,7 +1014,6 @@
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY,
-        FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2,
         FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_3
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl
index 27d13c1..d18b931 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ITestNetworkManager.aidl
@@ -29,8 +29,10 @@
  */
 interface ITestNetworkManager
 {
-    TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean bringUp, in LinkAddress[] addrs,
-            in @nullable String iface);
+    TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean hasCarrier, boolean bringUp,
+            in LinkAddress[] addrs, in @nullable String iface);
+
+    void setCarrierEnabled(in TestNetworkInterface iface, boolean enabled);
 
     void setupTestNetwork(in String iface, in LinkProperties lp, in boolean isMetered,
             in int[] administratorUids, in IBinder binder);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 5917470..5659a35 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@
      * Must be called by the agent when the network's {@link LinkProperties} change.
      * @param linkProperties the new LinkProperties.
      */
-    public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {
+    public void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(linkProperties);
         final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties(linkProperties);
         queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendLinkProperties(lp));
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
      * Must be called by the agent when the network's {@link NetworkCapabilities} change.
      * @param networkCapabilities the new NetworkCapabilities.
      */
-    public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+    public void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(networkCapabilities);
         mBandwidthUpdatePending.set(false);
         mLastBwRefreshTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@
      *
      * @param score the new score.
      */
-    public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore score) {
+    public void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore score) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(score);
         queueOrSendMessage(reg -> reg.sendScore(score));
     }
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@
      * @param score the new score, between 0 and 99.
      * deprecated use sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore) TODO : remove in S.
      */
-    public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from = 0, to = 99) int score) {
+    public void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from = 0, to = 99) int score) {
         sendNetworkScore(new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(score).build());
     }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java
index 4449ff8..26200e1 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkInterface.java
@@ -16,22 +16,32 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
 
 /**
- * This class is used to return the interface name and fd of the test interface
+ * This class is used to return the interface name, fd, MAC, and MTU of the test interface
  *
  * @hide
  */
 @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
 public final class TestNetworkInterface implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "TestNetworkInterface";
+
     @NonNull
     private final ParcelFileDescriptor mFileDescriptor;
     @NonNull
     private final String mInterfaceName;
+    @Nullable
+    private final MacAddress mMacAddress;
+    private final int mMtu;
 
     @Override
     public int describeContents() {
@@ -40,18 +50,41 @@
 
     @Override
     public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
-        out.writeParcelable(mFileDescriptor, PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
+        out.writeParcelable(mFileDescriptor, flags);
         out.writeString(mInterfaceName);
+        out.writeParcelable(mMacAddress, flags);
+        out.writeInt(mMtu);
     }
 
     public TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull ParcelFileDescriptor pfd, @NonNull String intf) {
         mFileDescriptor = pfd;
         mInterfaceName = intf;
+
+        MacAddress macAddress = null;
+        int mtu = 1500;
+        try {
+            // This constructor is called by TestNetworkManager which runs inside the system server,
+            // which has permission to read the MacAddress.
+            NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName(mInterfaceName);
+
+            // getHardwareAddress() returns null for tun interfaces.
+            byte[] hardwareAddress = nif.getHardwareAddress();
+            if (hardwareAddress != null) {
+                macAddress = MacAddress.fromBytes(nif.getHardwareAddress());
+            }
+            mtu = nif.getMTU();
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to fetch MacAddress or MTU size from NetworkInterface", e);
+        }
+        mMacAddress = macAddress;
+        mMtu = mtu;
     }
 
     private TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull Parcel in) {
         mFileDescriptor = in.readParcelable(ParcelFileDescriptor.class.getClassLoader());
         mInterfaceName = in.readString();
+        mMacAddress = in.readParcelable(MacAddress.class.getClassLoader());
+        mMtu = in.readInt();
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -64,6 +97,15 @@
         return mInterfaceName;
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    public MacAddress getMacAddress() {
+        return mMacAddress;
+    }
+
+    public int getMtu() {
+        return mMtu;
+    }
+
     @NonNull
     public static final Parcelable.Creator<TestNetworkInterface> CREATOR =
             new Parcelable.Creator<TestNetworkInterface>() {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
index 4e78823..7b18765 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/TestNetworkManager.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     private static final boolean TAP = false;
     private static final boolean TUN = true;
     private static final boolean BRING_UP = true;
+    private static final boolean CARRIER_UP = true;
     private static final LinkAddress[] NO_ADDRS = new LinkAddress[0];
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
     public TestNetworkInterface createTunInterface(@NonNull Collection<LinkAddress> linkAddrs) {
         try {
             final LinkAddress[] arr = new LinkAddress[linkAddrs.size()];
-            return mService.createInterface(TUN, BRING_UP, linkAddrs.toArray(arr),
+            return mService.createInterface(TUN, CARRIER_UP, BRING_UP, linkAddrs.toArray(arr),
                     null /* iface */);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@
     @NonNull
     public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface() {
         try {
-            return mService.createInterface(TAP, BRING_UP, NO_ADDRS, null /* iface */);
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, CARRIER_UP, BRING_UP, NO_ADDRS, null /* iface */);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@
     @NonNull
     public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface(boolean bringUp) {
         try {
-            return mService.createInterface(TAP, bringUp, NO_ADDRS, null /* iface */);
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, CARRIER_UP, bringUp, NO_ADDRS, null /* iface */);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -226,7 +227,43 @@
     @NonNull
     public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface(boolean bringUp, @NonNull String iface) {
         try {
-            return mService.createInterface(TAP, bringUp, NO_ADDRS, iface);
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, CARRIER_UP, bringUp, NO_ADDRS, iface);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tap interface with or without carrier for testing purposes.
+     *
+     * @param carrierUp whether the created interface has a carrier or not.
+     * @param bringUp whether to bring up the interface before returning it.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    @NonNull
+    public TestNetworkInterface createTapInterface(boolean carrierUp, boolean bringUp) {
+        try {
+            return mService.createInterface(TAP, carrierUp, bringUp, NO_ADDRS, null /* iface */);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable / disable carrier on TestNetworkInterface
+     *
+     * Note: TUNSETCARRIER is not supported until kernel version 5.0.
+     * TODO: add RequiresApi annotation.
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface to configure.
+     * @param enabled true to turn carrier on, false to turn carrier off.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS)
+    public void setCarrierEnabled(@NonNull TestNetworkInterface iface, boolean enabled) {
+        try {
+            mService.setCarrierEnabled(iface, enabled);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 5ae8ab6..fad6bbb 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -101,8 +101,6 @@
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapA.init(STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapB.init(STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.init(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH));
-    RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY, SELECT_MAP_A,
-                                                  BPF_ANY));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mUidPermissionMap.init(UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH));
     ALOGI("%s successfully", __func__);
 
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.h b/netd/BpfHandler.h
index 7e3b94d..5ee04d1 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.h
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.h
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
     BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mCookieTagMap;
     BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapA;
     BpfMapRO<StatsKey, StatsValue> mStatsMapB;
-    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint32_t> mConfigurationMap;
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint32_t> mConfigurationMap;
     BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mUidPermissionMap;
 
     std::mutex mMutex;
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp b/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp
index c0f7e45..99160da 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandlerTest.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     BpfHandler mBh;
     BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue> mFakeCookieTagMap;
     BpfMap<StatsKey, StatsValue> mFakeStatsMapA;
-    BpfMap<uint32_t, uint32_t> mFakeConfigurationMap;
+    BpfMapRO<uint32_t, uint32_t> mFakeConfigurationMap;
     BpfMap<uint32_t, uint8_t> mFakeUidPermissionMap;
 
     void SetUp() {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
         mFakeStatsMapA.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE);
         ASSERT_VALID(mFakeStatsMapA);
 
-        mFakeConfigurationMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, 1);
+        mFakeConfigurationMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE);
         ASSERT_VALID(mFakeConfigurationMap);
 
         mFakeUidPermissionMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE);
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@
         mBh.mConfigurationMap = mFakeConfigurationMap;
         ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mConfigurationMap);
         // Always write to stats map A by default.
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mBh.mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY,
-                                                          SELECT_MAP_A, BPF_ANY));
+        static_assert(SELECT_MAP_A == 0, "bpf map arrays are zero-initialized");
+
         mBh.mUidPermissionMap = mFakeUidPermissionMap;
         ASSERT_VALID(mBh.mUidPermissionMap);
     }
diff --git a/service/jarjar-excludes.txt b/service/jarjar-excludes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d6763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jarjar-excludes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Classes loaded by SystemServer via their hardcoded name, so they can't be jarjared
+com\.android\.server\.ConnectivityServiceInitializer(\$.+)?
+com\.android\.server\.NetworkStatsServiceInitializer(\$.+)?
+
+# Do not jarjar com.android.server, as several unit tests fail because they lose
+# package-private visibility between jarjared and non-jarjared classes.
+# TODO: fix the tests and also jarjar com.android.server, or at least only exclude a package that
+# is specific to the module like com.android.server.connectivity
+com\.android\.server\..+
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
index bc70c93..2780044 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
@@ -151,6 +151,12 @@
     return (jint)status.code();
 }
 
+static jint native_updateUidLockdownRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject self, jint uid, jboolean add) {
+    Status status = mTc.updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);
+    CHECK_LOG(status);
+    return (jint)status.code();
+}
+
 static jint native_swapActiveStatsMap(JNIEnv* env, jobject self) {
     Status status = mTc.swapActiveStatsMap();
     CHECK_LOG(status);
@@ -203,6 +209,8 @@
     (void*)native_addUidInterfaceRules},
     {"native_removeUidInterfaceRules", "([I)I",
     (void*)native_removeUidInterfaceRules},
+    {"native_updateUidLockdownRule", "(IZ)I",
+    (void*)native_updateUidLockdownRule},
     {"native_swapActiveStatsMap", "()I",
     (void*)native_swapActiveStatsMap},
     {"native_setPermissionForUids", "(I[I)V",
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
index 4efd0e1..9c7a761 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,15 @@
     jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", msg.c_str());
 }
 
-static int createTunTapInterface(JNIEnv* env, bool isTun, const char* iface) {
+// enable or disable  carrier on tun / tap interface.
+static void setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(JNIEnv* env, const char* iface, int tunFd, bool enabled) {
+    uint32_t carrierOn = enabled;
+    if (ioctl(tunFd, TUNSETCARRIER, &carrierOn)) {
+        throwException(env, errno, "set carrier", iface);
+    }
+}
+
+static int createTunTapImpl(JNIEnv* env, bool isTun, bool hasCarrier, const char* iface) {
     base::unique_fd tun(open("/dev/tun", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK));
     ifreq ifr{};
 
@@ -63,6 +71,11 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
+    if (!hasCarrier) {
+        // disable carrier before setting IFF_UP
+        setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(env, iface, tun.get(), hasCarrier);
+    }
+
     // Activate interface using an unconnected datagram socket.
     base::unique_fd inet6CtrlSock(socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0));
     ifr.ifr_flags = IFF_UP;
@@ -79,23 +92,31 @@
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-static jint create(JNIEnv* env, jobject /* thiz */, jboolean isTun, jstring jIface) {
+static void setTunTapCarrierEnabled(JNIEnv* env, jclass /* clazz */, jstring
+                                    jIface, jint tunFd, jboolean enabled) {
+    ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
+    if (!iface.c_str()) {
+        jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
+    }
+    setTunTapCarrierEnabledImpl(env, iface.c_str(), tunFd, enabled);
+}
+
+static jint createTunTap(JNIEnv* env, jclass /* clazz */, jboolean isTun,
+                             jboolean hasCarrier, jstring jIface) {
     ScopedUtfChars iface(env, jIface);
     if (!iface.c_str()) {
         jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "iface");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    int tun = createTunTapInterface(env, isTun, iface.c_str());
-
-    // Any exceptions will be thrown from the createTunTapInterface call
-    return tun;
+    return createTunTapImpl(env, isTun, hasCarrier, iface.c_str());
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-    {"jniCreateTunTap", "(ZLjava/lang/String;)I", (void*)create},
+    {"nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled", "(Ljava/lang/String;IZ)V", (void*)setTunTapCarrierEnabled},
+    {"nativeCreateTunTap", "(ZZLjava/lang/String;)I", (void*)createTunTap},
 };
 
 int register_com_android_server_TestNetworkService(JNIEnv* env) {
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
index 8f0eba9..4dc056d 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -305,8 +305,6 @@
             return ALLOWLIST;
         case LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
             return ALLOWLIST;
-        case LOCKDOWN:
-            return DENYLIST;
         case OEM_DENY_1:
             return DENYLIST;
         case OEM_DENY_2:
@@ -338,9 +336,6 @@
         case LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
             res = updateOwnerMapEntry(LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
             break;
-        case LOCKDOWN:
-            res = updateOwnerMapEntry(LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
-            break;
         case OEM_DENY_1:
             res = updateOwnerMapEntry(OEM_DENY_1_MATCH, uid, rule, type);
             break;
@@ -412,6 +407,18 @@
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
+Status TrafficController::updateUidLockdownRule(const uid_t uid, const bool add) {
+    std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+
+    netdutils::Status result = add ? addRule(uid, LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH)
+                               : removeRule(uid, LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH);
+    if (!isOk(result)) {
+        ALOGW("%s Lockdown rule failed(%d): uid=%d",
+              (add ? "add": "remove"), result.code(), uid);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 int TrafficController::replaceUidOwnerMap(const std::string& name, bool isAllowlist __unused,
                                           const std::vector<int32_t>& uids) {
     // FirewallRule rule = isAllowlist ? ALLOW : DENY;
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
index f84a910..7730c13 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
         mFakeStatsMapA.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE);
         ASSERT_VALID(mFakeStatsMapA);
 
-        mFakeConfigurationMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, 1);
+        mFakeConfigurationMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, CONFIGURATION_MAP_SIZE);
         ASSERT_VALID(mFakeConfigurationMap);
 
         mFakeUidOwnerMap.resetMap(BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH, TEST_MAP_SIZE);
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@
         ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mConfigurationMap);
 
         // Always write to stats map A by default.
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mTc.mConfigurationMap.writeValue(CURRENT_STATS_MAP_CONFIGURATION_KEY,
-                                                          SELECT_MAP_A, BPF_ANY));
+        static_assert(SELECT_MAP_A == 0);
+
         mTc.mUidOwnerMap = mFakeUidOwnerMap;
         ASSERT_VALID(mTc.mUidOwnerMap);
         mTc.mUidPermissionMap = mFakeUidPermissionMap;
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
         checkEachUidValue(uids, match);
     }
 
-    void expectUidOwnerMapValues(const std::vector<uint32_t>& appUids, uint8_t expectedRule,
+    void expectUidOwnerMapValues(const std::vector<uint32_t>& appUids, uint32_t expectedRule,
                                  uint32_t expectedIif) {
         for (uint32_t uid : appUids) {
             Result<UidOwnerValue> value = mFakeUidOwnerMap.readValue(uid);
@@ -407,7 +407,6 @@
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(POWERSAVE, POWERSAVE_MATCH);
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(RESTRICTED, RESTRICTED_MATCH);
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(LOW_POWER_STANDBY, LOW_POWER_STANDBY_MATCH);
-    checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(LOCKDOWN, LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH);
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(OEM_DENY_1, OEM_DENY_1_MATCH);
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(OEM_DENY_2, OEM_DENY_2_MATCH);
     checkUidOwnerRuleForChain(OEM_DENY_3, OEM_DENY_3_MATCH);
@@ -539,6 +538,21 @@
     expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
 }
 
+TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestUpdateUidLockdownRule) {
+    // Add Lockdown rules
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateUidLockdownRule(1000, true /* add */)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateUidLockdownRule(1001, true /* add */)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1000, 1001}, LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove one of Lockdown rules
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateUidLockdownRule(1000, false /* add */)));
+    expectUidOwnerMapValues({1001}, LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH, 0);
+
+    // Remove remaining Lockdown rule
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(mTc.updateUidLockdownRule(1001, false /* add */)));
+    expectMapEmpty(mFakeUidOwnerMap);
+}
+
 TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestUidInterfaceFilteringRulesCoexistWithExistingMatches) {
     // Set up existing PENALTY_BOX_MATCH rules
     ASSERT_TRUE(isOk(updateUidOwnerMaps({1000, 1001, 10012}, PENALTY_BOX_MATCH,
@@ -885,7 +899,6 @@
             {POWERSAVE, ALLOWLIST},
             {RESTRICTED, ALLOWLIST},
             {LOW_POWER_STANDBY, ALLOWLIST},
-            {LOCKDOWN, DENYLIST},
             {OEM_DENY_1, DENYLIST},
             {OEM_DENY_2, DENYLIST},
             {OEM_DENY_3, DENYLIST},
diff --git a/service/native/include/Common.h b/service/native/include/Common.h
index 2427aa9..03f449a 100644
--- a/service/native/include/Common.h
+++ b/service/native/include/Common.h
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
 #pragma once
 // TODO: deduplicate with the constants in NetdConstants.h.
 #include <aidl/android/net/INetd.h>
+#include "clat_mark.h"
 
 using aidl::android::net::INetd;
 
+static_assert(INetd::CLAT_MARK == CLAT_MARK, "must be 0xDEADC1A7");
+
 enum FirewallRule { ALLOW = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW, DENY = INetd::FIREWALL_RULE_DENY };
 
 // ALLOWLIST means the firewall denies all by default, uids must be explicitly ALLOWed
@@ -35,7 +38,6 @@
     POWERSAVE = 3,
     RESTRICTED = 4,
     LOW_POWER_STANDBY = 5,
-    LOCKDOWN = 6,
     OEM_DENY_1 = 7,
     OEM_DENY_2 = 8,
     OEM_DENY_3 = 9,
diff --git a/service/native/include/TrafficController.h b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
index f5578ce..8512929 100644
--- a/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
+++ b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
             EXCLUDES(mMutex);
     netdutils::Status removeUidInterfaceRules(const std::vector<int32_t>& uids) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
+    netdutils::Status updateUidLockdownRule(const uid_t uid, const bool add) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
     netdutils::Status updateUidOwnerMap(const uint32_t uid,
                                         UidOwnerMatchType matchType, IptOp op) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index c006bc6..151d0e3 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -216,6 +216,19 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Update lockdown rule for uid
+     *
+     * @param  uid          target uid to add/remove the rule
+     * @param  add          {@code true} to add the rule, {@code false} to remove the rule.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
+     *                                  cause of the failure.
+     */
+    public void updateUidLockdownRule(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        final int err = native_updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);
+        maybeThrow(err, "Unable to update lockdown rule");
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Request netd to change the current active network stats map.
      *
      * @throws ServiceSpecificException in case of failure, with an error code indicating the
@@ -271,6 +284,7 @@
     private native int native_setUidRule(int childChain, int uid, int firewallRule);
     private native int native_addUidInterfaceRules(String ifName, int[] uids);
     private native int native_removeUidInterfaceRules(int[] uids);
+    private native int native_updateUidLockdownRule(int uid, boolean add);
     private native int native_swapActiveStatsMap();
     private native void native_setPermissionForUids(int permissions, int[] uids);
     private native void native_dump(FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 848901f..853a1a2 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -7760,10 +7760,6 @@
         // when the old rules are removed and the time when new rules are added. To fix this,
         // make eBPF support two allowlisted interfaces so here new rules can be added before the
         // old rules are being removed.
-
-        // Null iface given to onVpnUidRangesAdded/Removed is a wildcard to allow apps to receive
-        // packets on all interfaces. This is required to accept incoming traffic in Lockdown mode
-        // by overriding the Lockdown blocking rule.
         if (wasFiltering) {
             mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved(oldIface, ranges, vpnAppUid);
         }
@@ -8089,12 +8085,14 @@
      * Returns whether we need to set interface filtering rule or not
      */
     private boolean requiresVpnAllowRule(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties lp,
-            String filterIface) {
-        // Only filter if lp has an interface.
-        if (lp == null || lp.getInterfaceName() == null) return false;
-        // Before T, allow rules are only needed if VPN isolation is enabled.
-        // T and After T, allow rules are needed for all VPNs.
-        return filterIface != null || (nai.isVPN() && SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+            String isolationIface) {
+        // Allow rules are always needed if VPN isolation is enabled.
+        if (isolationIface != null) return true;
+
+        // On T and above, allow rules are needed for all VPNs. Allow rule with null iface is a
+        // wildcard to allow apps to receive packets on all interfaces. This is required to accept
+        // incoming traffic in Lockdown mode by overriding the Lockdown blocking rule.
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && nai.isVPN() && lp != null && lp.getInterfaceName() != null;
     }
 
     private static UidRangeParcel[] toUidRangeStableParcels(final @NonNull Set<UidRange> ranges) {
@@ -8237,10 +8235,6 @@
             // above, where the addition of new ranges happens before the removal of old ranges.
             // TODO Fix this window by computing an accurate diff on Set<UidRange>, so the old range
             // to be removed will never overlap with the new range to be added.
-
-            // Null iface given to onVpnUidRangesAdded/Removed is a wildcard to allow apps to
-            // receive packets on all interfaces. This is required to accept incoming traffic in
-            // Lockdown mode by overriding the Lockdown blocking rule.
             if (wasFiltering && !prevRanges.isEmpty()) {
                 mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved(oldIface, prevRanges,
                         prevNc.getOwnerUid());
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index e12190c..1209579 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -76,7 +77,11 @@
     @NonNull private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
 
     // Native method stubs
-    private static native int jniCreateTunTap(boolean isTun, @NonNull String iface);
+    private static native int nativeCreateTunTap(boolean isTun, boolean hasCarrier,
+            @NonNull String iface);
+
+    private static native void nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled(@NonNull String iface, int tunFd,
+            boolean enabled);
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected TestNetworkService(@NonNull Context context) {
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@
      * interface.
      */
     @Override
-    public TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean bringUp,
+    public TestNetworkInterface createInterface(boolean isTun, boolean hasCarrier, boolean bringUp,
             LinkAddress[] linkAddrs, @Nullable String iface) {
         enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
 
@@ -130,8 +135,8 @@
 
         final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
-            ParcelFileDescriptor tunIntf =
-                    ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(jniCreateTunTap(isTun, interfaceName));
+            ParcelFileDescriptor tunIntf = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(
+                    nativeCreateTunTap(isTun, hasCarrier, interfaceName));
             for (LinkAddress addr : linkAddrs) {
                 mNetd.interfaceAddAddress(
                         interfaceName,
@@ -375,4 +380,20 @@
     public static void enforceTestNetworkPermissions(@NonNull Context context) {
         context.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_NAME, "TestNetworkService");
     }
+
+    /** Enable / disable TestNetworkInterface carrier */
+    @Override
+    public void setCarrierEnabled(@NonNull TestNetworkInterface iface, boolean enabled) {
+        enforceTestNetworkPermissions(mContext);
+        nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled(iface.getInterfaceName(), iface.getFileDescriptor().getFd(),
+                enabled);
+        // Explicitly close fd after use to prevent StrictMode from complaining.
+        // Also, explicitly referencing iface guarantees that the object is not garbage collected
+        // before nativeSetTunTapCarrierEnabled() executes.
+        try {
+            iface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // if the close fails, there is not much that can be done -- move on.
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index e4a2c20..dedeb38 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
@@ -684,8 +681,12 @@
     }
 
     private synchronized void updateLockdownUid(int uid, boolean add) {
-        if (UidRange.containsUid(mVpnLockdownUidRanges.getSet(), uid)
-                && !hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)) {
+        // Apps that can use restricted networks can always bypass VPNs.
+        if (hasRestrictedNetworksPermission(uid)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (UidRange.containsUid(mVpnLockdownUidRanges.getSet(), uid)) {
             updateLockdownUidRule(uid, add);
         }
     }
@@ -1079,11 +1080,7 @@
 
     private void updateLockdownUidRule(int uid, boolean add) {
         try {
-            if (add) {
-                mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
-            } else {
-                mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);
-            }
+            mBpfNetMaps.updateUidLockdownRule(uid, add);
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
             loge("Failed to " + (add ? "add" : "remove") + " Lockdown rule: " + e);
         }
@@ -1259,7 +1256,7 @@
         pw.println("Lockdown filtering rules:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
         for (final UidRange range : mVpnLockdownUidRanges.getSet()) {
-            pw.println("UIDs: " + range.toString());
+            pw.println("UIDs: " + range);
         }
         pw.decreaseIndent();
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideLinkPropertiesGatingTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideLinkPropertiesGatingTests.java
index b65fb6b..9a1fa42 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideLinkPropertiesGatingTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideLinkPropertiesGatingTests.java
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 /**
  * Tests for the {@link android.net.LinkProperties#EXCLUDED_ROUTES} compatibility change.
+ *
+ * TODO: see if we can delete this cumbersome host test by moving the coverage to CtsNetTestCases
+ * and CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk31.
  */
 public class HostsideLinkPropertiesGatingTests extends CompatChangeGatingTestCase {
     private static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp3.apk";
@@ -45,8 +48,19 @@
         runDeviceCompatTest("testExcludedRoutesChangeDisabled");
     }
 
-    public void testExcludedRoutesChangeDisabledByOverride() throws Exception {
+    public void testExcludedRoutesChangeDisabledByOverrideOnDebugBuild() throws Exception {
+        // Must install APK even when skipping test, because tearDown expects uninstall to succeed.
         installPackage(TEST_APK, true);
+
+        // This test uses an app with a target SDK where the compat change is on by default.
+        // Because user builds do not allow overriding compat changes, only run this test on debug
+        // builds. This seems better than deleting this test and not running it anywhere because we
+        // could in the future run this test on userdebug builds in presubmit.
+        //
+        // We cannot use assumeXyz here because CompatChangeGatingTestCase ultimately inherits from
+        // junit.framework.TestCase, which does not understand assumption failures.
+        if ("user".equals(getDevice().getProperty("ro.build.type"))) return;
+
         runDeviceCompatTestWithChangeDisabled("testExcludedRoutesChangeDisabled");
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
index cc07fd1..d0567ae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@
 
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 abstract class HostsideNetworkTestCase extends DeviceTestCase implements IAbiReceiver,
         IBuildReceiver {
@@ -171,18 +169,19 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static final Pattern UID_PATTERN =
-            Pattern.compile(".*userId=([0-9]+)$", Pattern.MULTILINE);
-
     protected int getUid(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
-        final String output = runCommand("dumpsys package " + packageName);
-        final Matcher matcher = UID_PATTERN.matcher(output);
-        while (matcher.find()) {
-            final String match = matcher.group(1);
-            return Integer.parseInt(match);
+        final int currentUser = getDevice().getCurrentUser();
+        final String uidLines = runCommand(
+                "cmd package list packages -U --user " + currentUser + " " + packageName);
+        for (String uidLine : uidLines.split("\n")) {
+            if (uidLine.startsWith("package:" + packageName + " uid:")) {
+                final String[] uidLineParts = uidLine.split(":");
+                // 3rd entry is package uid
+                return Integer.parseInt(uidLineParts[2].trim());
+            }
         }
-        throw new RuntimeException("Did not find regexp '" + UID_PATTERN + "' on adb output\n"
-                + output);
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to find the test app on the device; pkg="
+                + packageName + ", u=" + currentUser);
     }
 
     protected String runCommand(String command) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index db24b44..d0d44dc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@
 import android.net.EthernetManager.STATE_LINK_UP
 import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceCallback
 import android.net.EthernetManager.TetheredInterfaceRequest
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException
 import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest
 import android.net.InetAddresses
 import android.net.IpConfiguration
 import android.net.MacAddress
 import android.net.Network
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST
@@ -44,8 +47,8 @@
 import android.net.cts.EthernetManagerTest.EthernetStateListener.CallbackEntry.InterfaceStateChanged
 import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Handler
-import android.os.HandlerExecutor
 import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver
 import android.os.SystemProperties
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.util.ArraySet
@@ -100,29 +103,34 @@
     private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
     private val em by lazy { context.getSystemService(EthernetManager::class.java) }
     private val cm by lazy { context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager::class.java) }
+    private val handler by lazy { Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) }
 
     private val ifaceListener = EthernetStateListener()
     private val createdIfaces = ArrayList<EthernetTestInterface>()
     private val addedListeners = ArrayList<EthernetStateListener>()
-    private val networkRequests = ArrayList<TestableNetworkCallback>()
+    private val registeredCallbacks = ArrayList<TestableNetworkCallback>()
 
     private var tetheredInterfaceRequest: TetheredInterfaceRequest? = null
 
     private class EthernetTestInterface(
         context: Context,
-        private val handler: Handler
+        private val handler: Handler,
+        hasCarrier: Boolean
     ) {
         private val tapInterface: TestNetworkInterface
         private val packetReader: TapPacketReader
         private val raResponder: RouterAdvertisementResponder
-        val interfaceName get() = tapInterface.interfaceName
+        private val tnm: TestNetworkManager
+        val name get() = tapInterface.interfaceName
 
         init {
-            tapInterface = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
-                val tnm = context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
-                tnm.createTapInterface(false /* bringUp */)
+            tnm = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                context.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
             }
-            val mtu = 1500
+            tapInterface = runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                tnm.createTapInterface(hasCarrier, false /* bringUp */)
+            }
+            val mtu = tapInterface.mtu
             packetReader = TapPacketReader(handler, tapInterface.fileDescriptor.fileDescriptor, mtu)
             raResponder = RouterAdvertisementResponder(packetReader)
             raResponder.addRouterEntry(MacAddress.fromString("01:23:45:67:89:ab"),
@@ -132,6 +140,12 @@
             raResponder.start()
         }
 
+        fun setCarrierEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+            runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+                tnm.setCarrierEnabled(tapInterface, enabled)
+            }
+        }
+
         fun destroy() {
             raResponder.stop()
             handler.post({ packetReader.stop() })
@@ -172,7 +186,7 @@
         }
 
         fun expectCallback(iface: EthernetTestInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
-            expectCallback(createChangeEvent(iface.interfaceName, state, role))
+            expectCallback(createChangeEvent(iface.name, state, role))
         }
 
         fun createChangeEvent(iface: String, state: Int, role: Int) =
@@ -190,7 +204,7 @@
         }
 
         fun eventuallyExpect(iface: EthernetTestInterface, state: Int, role: Int) {
-            eventuallyExpect(iface.interfaceName, state, role)
+            eventuallyExpect(iface.name, state, role)
         }
 
         fun assertNoCallback() {
@@ -227,6 +241,35 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private class EthernetOutcomeReceiver :
+        OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> {
+        private val result = CompletableFuture<String>()
+
+        override fun onResult(iface: String) {
+            result.complete(iface)
+        }
+
+        override fun onError(e: EthernetNetworkManagementException) {
+            result.completeExceptionally(e)
+        }
+
+        fun expectResult(expected: String) {
+            assertEquals(expected, result.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS))
+        }
+
+        fun expectError() {
+            // Assert that the future fails with EthernetNetworkManagementException from the
+            // completeExceptionally() call inside onUnavailable.
+            assertFailsWith(EthernetNetworkManagementException::class) {
+                try {
+                    result.get()
+                } catch (e: ExecutionException) {
+                    throw e.cause!!
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
@@ -243,26 +286,28 @@
         for (listener in addedListeners) {
             em.removeInterfaceStateListener(listener)
         }
-        networkRequests.forEach { cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
+        registeredCallbacks.forEach { cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(it) }
         releaseTetheredInterface()
     }
 
     private fun addInterfaceStateListener(listener: EthernetStateListener) {
         runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS) {
-            em.addInterfaceStateListener(HandlerExecutor(Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), listener)
+            em.addInterfaceStateListener(handler::post, listener)
         }
         addedListeners.add(listener)
     }
 
-    private fun createInterface(): EthernetTestInterface {
+    private fun createInterface(hasCarrier: Boolean = true): EthernetTestInterface {
         val iface = EthernetTestInterface(
             context,
-            Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())
+            handler,
+            hasCarrier
         ).also { createdIfaces.add(it) }
-        with(ifaceListener) {
-            // when an interface comes up, we should always see a down cb before an up cb.
-            eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
-            expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
+
+        // when an interface comes up, we should always see a down cb before an up cb.
+        ifaceListener.eventuallyExpect(iface, STATE_LINK_DOWN, ROLE_CLIENT)
+        if (hasCarrier) {
+            ifaceListener.expectCallback(iface, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT)
         }
         return iface
     }
@@ -282,18 +327,20 @@
     private fun requestNetwork(request: NetworkRequest): TestableNetworkCallback {
         return TestableNetworkCallback().also {
             cm.requestNetwork(request, it)
-            networkRequests.add(it)
+            registeredCallbacks.add(it)
         }
     }
 
-    private fun releaseNetwork(cb: TestableNetworkCallback) {
-        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
-        networkRequests.remove(cb)
+    private fun registerNetworkListener(request: NetworkRequest): TestableNetworkCallback {
+        return TestableNetworkCallback().also {
+            cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it)
+            registeredCallbacks.add(it)
+        }
     }
 
     private fun requestTetheredInterface() = TetheredInterfaceListener().also {
         tetheredInterfaceRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS) {
-            em.requestTetheredInterface(HandlerExecutor(Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())), it)
+            em.requestTetheredInterface(handler::post, it)
         }
     }
 
@@ -304,22 +351,65 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private fun releaseRequest(cb: TestableNetworkCallback) {
+        cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb)
+        registeredCallbacks.remove(cb)
+    }
+
+    private fun disableInterface(iface: EthernetTestInterface) = EthernetOutcomeReceiver().also {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            em.disableInterface(iface.name, handler::post, it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun enableInterface(iface: EthernetTestInterface) = EthernetOutcomeReceiver().also {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            em.enableInterface(iface.name, handler::post, it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun updateConfiguration(
+        iface: EthernetTestInterface,
+        ipConfig: IpConfiguration? = null,
+        capabilities: NetworkCapabilities? = null
+    ) = EthernetOutcomeReceiver().also {
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
+            em.updateConfiguration(
+                iface.name,
+                EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.Builder()
+                    .setIpConfiguration(ipConfig)
+                    .setNetworkCapabilities(capabilities).build(),
+                handler::post,
+                it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NetworkRequest.Builder does not create a copy of the passed NetworkRequest, so in order to
+    // keep ETH_REQUEST as it is, a defensive copy is created here.
     private fun NetworkRequest.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(ifaceName: String) =
         NetworkRequest.Builder(NetworkRequest(ETH_REQUEST))
             .setNetworkSpecifier(EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceName)).build()
 
     // It can take multiple seconds for the network to become available.
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.expectAvailable() =
-        expectCallback<Available>(anyNetwork(), 5000/*ms timeout*/).network
+        expectCallback<Available>(anyNetwork(), 5000 /* ms timeout */).network
 
     // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<Lost>() does not advance ReadHead, use
     // eventuallyExpect(Lost::class) instead.
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.eventuallyExpectLost(n: Network? = null) =
         eventuallyExpect(Lost::class, TIMEOUT_MS) { n?.equals(it.network) ?: true }
 
-    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.assertNotLost(n: Network? = null) =
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.assertNeverLost(n: Network? = null) =
         assertNoCallbackThat() { it is Lost && (n?.equals(it.network) ?: true) }
 
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.assertNeverAvailable(n: Network? = null) =
+        assertNoCallbackThat() { it is Available && (n?.equals(it.network) ?: true) }
+
+    private fun TestableNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWithInterfaceName(name: String) =
+        expectCapabilitiesThat(anyNetwork()) {
+            it.networkSpecifier == EthernetNetworkSpecifier(name)
+        }
+
     @Test
     fun testCallbacks() {
         // If an interface exists when the callback is registered, it is reported on registration.
@@ -398,11 +488,8 @@
             assertTrue(polledIfaces.add(iface), "Duplicate interface $iface returned")
             assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface), "Untracked interface $iface returned")
             // If the event's iface was created in the test, additional criteria can be validated.
-            createdIfaces.find { it.interfaceName.equals(iface) }?.let {
-                assertEquals(event,
-                    listener.createChangeEvent(it.interfaceName,
-                                                        STATE_LINK_UP,
-                                                        ROLE_CLIENT))
+            createdIfaces.find { it.name.equals(iface) }?.let {
+                assertEquals(event, listener.createChangeEvent(it.name, STATE_LINK_UP, ROLE_CLIENT))
             }
         }
         // Assert all callbacks are accounted for.
@@ -411,87 +498,75 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testGetInterfaceList() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
-
         // Create two test interfaces and check the return list contains the interface names.
         val iface1 = createInterface()
         val iface2 = createInterface()
         var ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
         assertTrue(ifaces.size > 0)
-        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface1.interfaceName))
-        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.interfaceName))
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface1.name))
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.name))
 
         // Remove one existing test interface and check the return list doesn't contain the
         // removed interface name.
         removeInterface(iface1)
         ifaces = em.getInterfaceList()
-        assertFalse(ifaces.contains(iface1.interfaceName))
-        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.interfaceName))
+        assertFalse(ifaces.contains(iface1.name))
+        assertTrue(ifaces.contains(iface2.name))
 
         removeInterface(iface2)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNetworkRequest_withSingleExistingInterface() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
         createInterface()
 
         // install a listener which will later be used to verify the Lost callback
-        val listenerCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
-        cm.registerNetworkCallback(ETH_REQUEST, listenerCb)
-        networkRequests.add(listenerCb)
+        val listenerCb = registerNetworkListener(ETH_REQUEST)
 
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
         val network = cb.expectAvailable()
 
-        cb.assertNotLost()
-        releaseNetwork(cb)
+        cb.assertNeverLost()
+        releaseRequest(cb)
         listenerCb.eventuallyExpectLost(network)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNetworkRequest_beforeSingleInterfaceIsUp() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
-
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
 
-        // bring up interface after network has been requested
+        // bring up interface after network has been requested.
+        // Note: there is no guarantee that the NetworkRequest has been processed before the
+        // interface is actually created. That being said, it takes a few seconds between calling
+        // createInterface and the interface actually being properly registered with the ethernet
+        // module, so it is extremely unlikely that the CS handler thread has not run until then.
         val iface = createInterface()
         val network = cb.expectAvailable()
 
         // remove interface before network request has been removed
-        cb.assertNotLost()
+        cb.assertNeverLost()
         removeInterface(iface)
         cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
-
-        releaseNetwork(cb)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNetworkRequest_withMultipleInterfaces() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
-
         val iface1 = createInterface()
         val iface2 = createInterface()
 
-        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName))
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.name))
 
         val network = cb.expectAvailable()
-        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(network) {
-            it.networkSpecifier == EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName)
-        }
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesWithInterfaceName(iface2.name)
 
         removeInterface(iface1)
-        cb.assertNotLost()
+        cb.assertNeverLost()
         removeInterface(iface2)
         cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
-
-        releaseNetwork(cb)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNetworkRequest_withInterfaceBeingReplaced() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
         val iface1 = createInterface()
 
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
@@ -499,36 +574,67 @@
 
         // create another network and verify the request sticks to the current network
         val iface2 = createInterface()
-        cb.assertNotLost()
+        cb.assertNeverLost()
 
         // remove iface1 and verify the request brings up iface2
         removeInterface(iface1)
         cb.eventuallyExpectLost(network)
         val network2 = cb.expectAvailable()
-
-        releaseNetwork(cb)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testNetworkRequest_withMultipleInterfacesAndRequests() {
-        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true)
         val iface1 = createInterface()
         val iface2 = createInterface()
 
-        val cb1 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface1.interfaceName))
-        val cb2 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.interfaceName))
+        val cb1 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface1.name))
+        val cb2 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST.createCopyWithEthernetSpecifier(iface2.name))
         val cb3 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
 
         cb1.expectAvailable()
+        cb1.expectCapabilitiesWithInterfaceName(iface1.name)
         cb2.expectAvailable()
+        cb2.expectCapabilitiesWithInterfaceName(iface2.name)
+        // this request can be matched by either network.
         cb3.expectAvailable()
 
-        cb1.assertNotLost()
-        cb2.assertNotLost()
-        cb3.assertNotLost()
+        cb1.assertNeverLost()
+        cb2.assertNeverLost()
+        cb3.assertNeverLost()
+    }
 
-        releaseNetwork(cb1)
-        releaseNetwork(cb2)
-        releaseNetwork(cb3)
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_ensureProperRefcounting() {
+        // create first request before interface is up / exists; create another request after it has
+        // been created; release one of them and check that the network stays up.
+        val listener = registerNetworkListener(ETH_REQUEST)
+        val cb1 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+
+        val iface = createInterface()
+        val network = cb1.expectAvailable()
+
+        val cb2 = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+        cb2.expectAvailable()
+
+        // release the first request; this used to trigger b/197548738
+        releaseRequest(cb1)
+
+        cb2.assertNeverLost()
+        releaseRequest(cb2)
+        listener.eventuallyExpectLost(network)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkRequest_forInterfaceWhileTogglingCarrier() {
+        val iface = createInterface(false /* hasCarrier */)
+
+        val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
+        cb.assertNeverAvailable()
+
+        iface.setCarrierEnabled(true)
+        cb.expectAvailable()
+
+        iface.setCarrierEnabled(false)
+        cb.eventuallyExpectLost()
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index e84df16..900ee5a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_1;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_OEM_DENY_2;
@@ -9516,38 +9515,28 @@
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
     public void testLockdownSetFirewallUidRule() throws Exception {
-        // For ConnectivityService#setAlwaysOnVpnPackage.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                Manifest.permission.CONTROL_ALWAYS_ON_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        // Needed to call Vpn#setAlwaysOnPackage.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        // Needed to call Vpn#isAlwaysOnPackageSupported.
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-
+        final Set<Range<Integer>> lockdownRange = UidRange.toIntRanges(Set.of(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE));
         // Enable Lockdown
-        final ArrayList<String> allowList = new ArrayList<>();
-        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(PRIMARY_USER, ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE,
-                true /* lockdown */, allowList);
+        mCm.setRequireVpnForUids(true /* requireVpn */, lockdownRange);
         waitForIdle();
 
         // Lockdown rule is set to apps uids
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).setUidRule(
-                eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(APP1_UID), eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).setUidRule(
-                eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(APP2_UID), eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(3)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(APP1_UID, true /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(APP2_UID, true /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(VPN_UID, true /* add */);
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Disable lockdown
-        mVpnManagerService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(PRIMARY_USER, null, false /* lockdown */,
-                allowList);
+        mCm.setRequireVpnForUids(false /* requireVPN */, lockdownRange);
         waitForIdle();
 
         // Lockdown rule is removed from apps uids
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).setUidRule(
-                eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(APP1_UID), eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps).setUidRule(
-                eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(APP2_UID), eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(3)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(APP1_UID, false /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(APP2_UID, false /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(VPN_UID, false /* add */);
 
         // Interface rules are not changed by Lockdown mode enable/disable
         verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
@@ -10528,27 +10517,28 @@
         assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges("tun0"));
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testLegacyVpnInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
-        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
-        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
-        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+    private void checkInterfaceFilteringRuleWithNullInterface(final LinkProperties lp,
+            final int uid) throws Exception {
         // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
-        mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
-        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+        mMockVpn.establish(lp, uid, vpnRange);
+        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, uid);
 
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            // On T and above, A connected Legacy VPN should have interface rules with null
-            // interface. Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts traffic from all the
-            // interfaces. There are two expected invocations, one during the VPN initial
+            // On T and above, VPN should have rules for null interface. Null Interface is a
+            // wildcard and this accepts traffic from all the interfaces.
+            // There are two expected invocations, one during the VPN initial
             // connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
             ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
             verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
                     eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            if (uid == VPN_UID) {
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+            } else {
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            }
             assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
                     vpnRange);
 
@@ -10557,50 +10547,37 @@
 
             // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
             verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            if (uid == VPN_UID) {
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID);
+            } else {
+                assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
+            }
             assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
         } else {
-            // Before T, Legacy VPN should not have interface rules.
+            // Before T, rules are not configured for null interface.
             verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
         }
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testLegacyVpnInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null));
+        // Legacy VPN should have interface filtering with null interface.
+        checkInterfaceFilteringRuleWithNullInterface(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testLocalIpv4OnlyVpnInterfaceFilteringRule() throws Exception {
         LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
         lp.setInterfaceName("tun0");
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null, "tun0"));
         lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE));
-        // The uid range needs to cover the test app so the network is visible to it.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_UIDRANGE);
-        mMockVpn.establish(lp, Process.SYSTEM_UID, vpnRange);
-        assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
-
-        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            // IPv6 unreachable route should not be misinterpreted as a default route
-            // On T and above, A connected VPN that does not provide a default route should have
-            // interface rules with null interface. Null Interface is a wildcard and this accepts
-            // traffic from all the interfaces. There are two expected invocations, one during the
-            // VPN initial connection, one during the VPN LinkProperties update.
-            ArgumentCaptor<int[]> uidCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(int[].class);
-            verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).addUidInterfaceRules(
-                    eq(null) /* iface */, uidCaptor.capture());
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(0), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getAllValues().get(1), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-            assertEquals(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */),
-                    vpnRange);
-
-            mMockVpn.disconnect();
-            waitForIdle();
-
-            // Disconnected VPN should have interface rules removed
-            verify(mBpfNetMaps).removeUidInterfaceRules(uidCaptor.capture());
-            assertContainsExactly(uidCaptor.getValue(), APP1_UID, APP2_UID, VPN_UID);
-            assertNull(mService.mPermissionMonitor.getVpnInterfaceUidRanges(null /* iface */));
-        } else {
-            // Before T, VPN with IPv6 unreachable route should not have interface rules.
-            verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).addUidInterfaceRules(any(), any());
-        }
+        // VPN that does not provide a default route should have interface filtering with null
+        // interface.
+        checkInterfaceFilteringRuleWithNullInterface(lp, VPN_UID);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index ecd17ba..354e79a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
 import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_REQUIRED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
@@ -698,7 +695,8 @@
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1},
                 SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
-        final List<PackageInfo> pkgs = List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID21,
+        final List<PackageInfo> pkgs = List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID21,
                         CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APP_UID21, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
         doReturn(pkgs).when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS),
@@ -764,9 +762,10 @@
                 MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
-    private void doTestuidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates(@Nullable String ifName)
+    private void doTestUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates(@Nullable String ifName)
             throws Exception {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12),
@@ -774,7 +773,7 @@
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID12 are under VPN.
+        // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID12 is subject to the VPN.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = Set.of(
                 new UidRange(0, MOCK_UID12 - 1),
                 new UidRange(MOCK_UID12 + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1));
@@ -811,18 +810,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates() throws Exception {
-        doTestuidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates("tun0");
+        doTestUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates("tun0");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdatesWithWildcard()
             throws Exception {
-        doTestuidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates(null /* ifName */);
+        doTestUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates(null /* ifName */);
     }
 
     private void doTestUidFilteringDuringPackageInstallAndUninstall(@Nullable String ifName) throws
             Exception {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
@@ -857,155 +857,149 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithLockdownEnableDisable() {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID12 are under VPN.
-        final UidRange[] vpnRange1 = {
+        // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID12 is subject to the VPN.
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange = {
                 new UidRange(0, MOCK_UID12 - 1),
                 new UidRange(MOCK_UID12 + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1)
         };
 
-        // Add Lockdown uid range, expect a rule to be set up for user app MOCK_UID11
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, vpnRange1);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(
-                        eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange1));
+        // Add Lockdown uid range, expect a rule to be set up for MOCK_UID11 and VPN_UID
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, true /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(VPN_UID, true /* add */);
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Remove Lockdown uid range, expect rules to be torn down
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, vpnRange1);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, false /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(VPN_UID, false /* add */);
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges().isEmpty());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithLockdownEnableDisableWithMultiAdd() {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        // MOCK_UID11 is under VPN.
+        // MOCK_UID11 is subject to the VPN.
         final UidRange range = new UidRange(MOCK_UID11, MOCK_UID11);
-        final UidRange[] vpnRange = {range};
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange = {range};
 
         // Add Lockdown uid range at 1st time, expect a rule to be set up
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, true /* add */);
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Add Lockdown uid range at 2nd time, expect a rule not to be set up because the uid
         // already has the rule
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).setUidRule(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(),  anyBoolean());
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Remove Lockdown uid range at 1st time, expect a rule not to be torn down because we added
         // the range 2 times.
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).setUidRule(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(),  anyBoolean());
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Remove Lockdown uid range at 2nd time, expect a rule to be torn down because we added
         // twice and we removed twice.
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, false /* add */);
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges().isEmpty());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithLockdownEnableDisableWithDuplicates() {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        // MOCK_UID11 is under VPN.
+        // MOCK_UID11 is subject to the VPN.
         final UidRange range = new UidRange(MOCK_UID11, MOCK_UID11);
-        final UidRange[] vpnRangeDuplicates = {range, range};
-        final UidRange[] vpnRange = {range};
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRangeDuplicates = {range, range};
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange = {range};
 
         // Add Lockdown uid ranges which contains duplicated uid ranges
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, vpnRangeDuplicates);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRangeDuplicates);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, true /* add */);
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Remove Lockdown uid range at 1st time, expect a rule not to be torn down because uid
         // ranges we added contains duplicated uid ranges.
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).setUidRule(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(vpnRange));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never()).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), anyBoolean());
+        assertEquals(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges(), Set.of(lockdownRange));
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Remove Lockdown uid range at 2nd time, expect a rule to be torn down.
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* false */, vpnRange);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(false /* add */, lockdownRange);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, false /* add */);
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.getVpnLockdownUidRanges().isEmpty());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownUidFilteringWithInstallAndUnInstall() {
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                         NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         doReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2)).when(mUserManager).getUserHandles(eq(true));
 
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        final UidRange[] vpnRange = {
+        final UidRange[] lockdownRange = {
                 UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1),
                 UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER2)
         };
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, vpnRange);
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateVpnLockdownUidRanges(true /* add */, lockdownRange);
+
+        reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Installing package should add Lockdown rules
         addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID21),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_DENY));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps, times(2)).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(true) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, true /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID21, true /* add */);
 
         reset(mBpfNetMaps);
 
         // Uninstalling package should remove Lockdown rules
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11);
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps)
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID11),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
-        verify(mBpfNetMaps, never())
-                .setUidRule(eq(FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOCKDOWN_VPN), eq(MOCK_UID21),
-                        eq(FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW));
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(anyInt(), eq(false) /* add */);
+        verify(mBpfNetMaps).updateUidLockdownRule(MOCK_UID11, false /* add */);
     }
 
     // Normal package add/remove operations will trigger multiple intent for uids corresponding to
@@ -1329,7 +1323,8 @@
     public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailable() throws Exception {
         // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
         // and have different uids. There has no permission for both uids.
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID12)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
@@ -1387,7 +1382,8 @@
             throws Exception {
         // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
         // storage and shared on MOCK_UID11. There has no permission for MOCK_UID11.
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
@@ -1413,7 +1409,8 @@
         // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 is installed on external storage and
         // MOCK_PACKAGE2 is installed on device. These two packages are shared on MOCK_UID11.
         // MOCK_UID11 has NETWORK and INTERNET permissions.
-        doReturn(List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
+        doReturn(List.of(
+                buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID11),
                 buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID11, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, INTERNET)))
                 .when(mPackageManager).getInstalledPackagesAsUser(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS), anyInt());
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
diff --git a/tools/Android.bp b/tools/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fa93bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+// Build tool used to generate jarjar rules for all classes in a jar, except those that are
+// API, UnsupportedAppUsage or otherwise excluded.
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "jarjar-rules-generator",
+    srcs: [
+        "gen_jarjar.py",
+    ],
+    main: "gen_jarjar.py",
+    version: {
+        py2: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        py3: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+genrule_defaults {
+    name: "jarjar-rules-combine-defaults",
+    // Concat files with a line break in the middle
+    cmd: "for src in $(in); do cat $${src}; echo; done > $(out)",
+    defaults_visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
+
+java_library {
+    name: "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
+    srcs: ["testdata/java/**/*.java"],
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+// TODO(b/233723405) - Remove this workaround.
+// Temporary work around of b/233723405. Using the module_lib stub directly
+// in the test causes it to sometimes get the dex jar and sometimes get the
+// classes jar due to b/233111644. Statically including it here instead
+// ensures that it will always get the classes jar.
+java_library {
+    name: "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib-for-test",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib",
+    ],
+    // Not strictly necessary but specified as this MUST not have generate
+    // a dex jar as that will break the tests.
+    compile_dex: false,
+}
+
+python_test_host {
+    name: "jarjar-rules-generator-test",
+    srcs: [
+        "gen_jarjar.py",
+        "gen_jarjar_test.py",
+    ],
+    data: [
+        "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
+        "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+        ":framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib-for-test",
+        ":jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib",
+    ],
+    main: "gen_jarjar_test.py",
+    version: {
+        py2: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        py3: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/tools/gen_jarjar.py b/tools/gen_jarjar.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4c2cf54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/gen_jarjar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+""" This script generates jarjar rule files to add a jarjar prefix to all classes, except those
+that are API, unsupported API or otherwise excluded."""
+
+import argparse
+import io
+import re
+import subprocess
+from xml import sax
+from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
+from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+
+def parse_arguments(argv):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--jars', nargs='+',
+        help='Path to pre-jarjar JAR. Can be followed by multiple space-separated paths.')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--prefix', required=True,
+        help='Package prefix to use for jarjared classes, '
+             'for example "com.android.connectivity" (does not end with a dot).')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--output', required=True, help='Path to output jarjar rules file.')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--apistubs', nargs='*', default=[],
+        help='Path to API stubs jar. Classes that are API will not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
+             'multiple space-separated paths.')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--unsupportedapi', nargs='*', default=[],
+        help='Path to UnsupportedAppUsage hidden API .txt lists. '
+             'Classes that have UnsupportedAppUsage API will not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
+             'multiple space-separated paths.')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--excludes', nargs='*', default=[],
+        help='Path to files listing classes that should not be jarjared. Can be followed by '
+             'multiple space-separated paths. '
+             'Each file should contain one full-match regex per line. Empty lines or lines '
+             'starting with "#" are ignored.')
+    return parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+
+def _list_toplevel_jar_classes(jar):
+    """List all classes in a .class .jar file that are not inner classes."""
+    return {_get_toplevel_class(c) for c in _list_jar_classes(jar)}
+
+def _list_jar_classes(jar):
+    with ZipFile(jar, 'r') as zip:
+        files = zip.namelist()
+        assert 'classes.dex' not in files, f'Jar file {jar} is dexed, ' \
+                                           'expected an intermediate zip of .class files'
+        class_len = len('.class')
+        return [f.replace('/', '.')[:-class_len] for f in files
+                if f.endswith('.class') and not f.endswith('/package-info.class')]
+
+
+def _list_hiddenapi_classes(txt_file):
+    out = set()
+    with open(txt_file, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            if not line.strip():
+                continue
+            assert line.startswith('L') and ';' in line, f'Class name not recognized: {line}'
+            clazz = line.replace('/', '.').split(';')[0][1:]
+            out.add(_get_toplevel_class(clazz))
+    return out
+
+
+def _get_toplevel_class(clazz):
+    """Return the name of the toplevel (not an inner class) enclosing class of the given class."""
+    if '$' not in clazz:
+        return clazz
+    return clazz.split('$')[0]
+
+
+def _get_excludes(path):
+    out = []
+    with open(path, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            stripped = line.strip()
+            if not stripped or stripped.startswith('#'):
+                continue
+            out.append(re.compile(stripped))
+    return out
+
+
+def make_jarjar_rules(args):
+    excluded_classes = set()
+    for apistubs_file in args.apistubs:
+        excluded_classes.update(_list_toplevel_jar_classes(apistubs_file))
+
+    for unsupportedapi_file in args.unsupportedapi:
+        excluded_classes.update(_list_hiddenapi_classes(unsupportedapi_file))
+
+    exclude_regexes = []
+    for exclude_file in args.excludes:
+        exclude_regexes.extend(_get_excludes(exclude_file))
+
+    with open(args.output, 'w') as outfile:
+        for jar in args.jars:
+            jar_classes = _list_jar_classes(jar)
+            jar_classes.sort()
+            for clazz in jar_classes:
+                if (_get_toplevel_class(clazz) not in excluded_classes and
+                        not any(r.fullmatch(clazz) for r in exclude_regexes)):
+                    outfile.write(f'rule {clazz} {args.prefix}.@0\n')
+                    # Also include jarjar rules for unit tests of the class, so the package matches
+                    outfile.write(f'rule {clazz}Test {args.prefix}.@0\n')
+                    outfile.write(f'rule {clazz}Test$* {args.prefix}.@0\n')
+
+
+def _main():
+    # Pass in None to use argv
+    args = parse_arguments(None)
+    make_jarjar_rules(args)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    _main()
diff --git a/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8e82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/gen_jarjar_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+import gen_jarjar
+import unittest
+
+
+class TestGenJarjar(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_gen_rules(self):
+        args = gen_jarjar.parse_arguments([
+            "--jars", "jarjar-rules-generator-testjavalib.jar",
+            "--prefix", "jarjar.prefix",
+            "--output", "test-output-rules.txt",
+            "--apistubs", "framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib.jar",
+            "--unsupportedapi", "testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt",
+            "--excludes", "testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt",
+        ])
+        gen_jarjar.make_jarjar_rules(args)
+
+        with open(args.output) as out:
+            lines = out.readlines()
+
+        self.assertListEqual([
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClass jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest jarjar.prefix.@0\n',
+            'rule test.utils.TestUtilClass$TestInnerClassTest$* jarjar.prefix.@0\n'], lines)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    # Need verbosity=2 for the test results parser to find results
+    unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java b/tools/testdata/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdca377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/**
+ * Test class with a name matching a public API.
+ */
+public class LinkProperties {
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/test/jarjarexcluded/JarjarExcludedClass.java b/tools/testdata/java/test/jarjarexcluded/JarjarExcludedClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e3bee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/test/jarjarexcluded/JarjarExcludedClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package test.jarjarexcluded;
+
+/**
+ * Test class that is excluded from jarjar.
+ */
+public class JarjarExcludedClass {
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d32296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/test/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package test.unsupportedappusage;
+
+public class TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass {
+    public void testMethod() {}
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/java/test/utils/TestUtilClass.java b/tools/testdata/java/test/utils/TestUtilClass.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2162e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/java/test/utils/TestUtilClass.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package test.utils;
+
+/**
+ * Sample class to test jarjar rules.
+ */
+public class TestUtilClass {
+    public static class TestInnerClass {}
+}
diff --git a/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt b/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35d97a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/test-jarjar-excludes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Test file for excluded classes
+test\.jarj.rexcluded\.JarjarExcludedCla.s
+test\.jarjarexcluded\.JarjarExcludedClass\$TestInnerCl.ss
diff --git a/tools/testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt b/tools/testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..331eff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testdata/test-unsupportedappusage.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ltest/unsupportedappusage/TestUnsupportedAppUsageClass;->testMethod()V
\ No newline at end of file