diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_phi_elimination.cc b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_phi_elimination.cc
index aeb3109..0978ae1 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/ssa_phi_elimination.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/ssa_phi_elimination.cc
@@ -139,8 +139,9 @@
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (phi->InputCount() == 0) {
-      DCHECK(phi->IsDead());
+    // If the phi is dead, we know we won't revive it and it will be removed,
+    // so don't process it.
+    if (phi->IsDead()) {
       continue;
     }
 
diff --git a/test/596-checker-dead-phi/expected.txt b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d81cc07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+42
diff --git a/test/596-checker-dead-phi/info.txt b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f7cf0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/info.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Regression test for optimizing where we used to replace a dead loop
+phi with its first incoming input.
diff --git a/test/596-checker-dead-phi/smali/IrreducibleLoop.smali b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/smali/IrreducibleLoop.smali
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bab2ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/smali/IrreducibleLoop.smali
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+.class public LIrreducibleLoop;
+
+.super Ljava/lang/Object;
+
+# Test case where liveness analysis produces linear order where loop blocks are
+# not adjacent. This revealed a bug in our SSA builder, where a dead loop phi would
+# be replaced by its incoming input during SsaRedundantPhiElimination.
+
+# Check that the outer loop suspend check environment only has the parameter vreg.
+## CHECK-START: int IrreducibleLoop.liveness(int) builder (after)
+## CHECK-DAG:     <<Phi:i\d+>> Phi reg:4 loop:{{B\d+}} irreducible:false
+## CHECK-DAG:     SuspendCheck env:[[_,_,_,_,<<Phi>>]] loop:{{B\d+}} irreducible:false
+
+# Check that the linear order has non-adjacent loop blocks.
+## CHECK-START: int IrreducibleLoop.liveness(int) liveness (after)
+## CHECK-DAG:     Mul liveness:<<LPreEntry2:\d+>>
+## CHECK-DAG:     Add liveness:<<LBackEdge1:\d+>>
+## CHECK-EVAL:    <<LBackEdge1>> < <<LPreEntry2>>
+
+.method public static liveness(I)I
+    .registers 5
+
+    const-string v1, "MyString"
+
+    :header1
+    if-eqz p0, :body1
+
+    :exit
+    return p0
+
+    :body1
+    # The test will generate an incorrect linear order when the following IF swaps
+    # its successors. To do that, load a boolean value and compare NotEqual to 1.
+    sget-boolean v2, LIrreducibleLoop;->f:Z
+    const v3, 1
+    if-ne v2, v3, :pre_header2
+
+    :pre_entry2
+    # Add a marker on the irreducible loop entry.
+    mul-int/2addr p0, p0
+    goto :back_edge2
+
+    :back_edge2
+    goto :header2
+
+    :header2
+    if-eqz p0, :back_edge2
+
+    :back_edge1
+    # Add a marker on the outer loop back edge.
+    add-int/2addr p0, p0
+    # Set a wide register, to have v1 undefined at the back edge.
+    const-wide/16 v0, 0x1
+    goto :header1
+
+    :pre_header2
+    goto :header2
+.end method
+
+.field public static f:Z
diff --git a/test/596-checker-dead-phi/src/Main.java b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/src/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a3fffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/596-checker-dead-phi/src/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+public class Main {
+  // Workaround for b/18051191.
+  class InnerClass {}
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+    Class<?> c = Class.forName("IrreducibleLoop");
+    // Note that we don't actually enter the loops in the 'liveness'
+    // method, so this is just a sanity check that part of the code we
+    // generated for that method is correct.
+    Method m = c.getMethod("liveness", int.class);
+    Object[] arguments = { 42 };
+    System.out.println(m.invoke(null, arguments));
+  }
+}