Move the Compiler to CompilerDriver.

Change-Id: I0bb4d3c2b79b45fd8ef180688c767712b0c55978
diff --git a/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9cc6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1855 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "compiler_driver.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "base/stl_util.h"
+#include "base/timing_logger.h"
+#include "class_linker.h"
+#include "jni_internal.h"
+#include "oat_compilation_unit.h"
+#include "oat_file.h"
+#include "oat/runtime/stub.h"
+#include "object_utils.h"
+#include "runtime.h"
+#include "gc/card_table-inl.h"
+#include "gc/space.h"
+#include "mirror/class_loader.h"
+#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/dex_cache.h"
+#include "mirror/field-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/abstract_method-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/throwable.h"
+#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"
+#include "ScopedLocalRef.h"
+#include "thread.h"
+#include "thread_pool.h"
+#include "verifier/method_verifier.h"
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace art {
+
+static double Percentage(size_t x, size_t y) {
+  return 100.0 * (static_cast<double>(x)) / (static_cast<double>(x + y));
+}
+
+static void DumpStat(size_t x, size_t y, const char* str) {
+  if (x == 0 && y == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  LOG(INFO) << Percentage(x, y) << "% of " << str << " for " << (x + y) << " cases";
+}
+
+class AOTCompilationStats {
+ public:
+  AOTCompilationStats()
+      : stats_lock_("AOT compilation statistics lock"),
+        types_in_dex_cache_(0), types_not_in_dex_cache_(0),
+        strings_in_dex_cache_(0), strings_not_in_dex_cache_(0),
+        resolved_types_(0), unresolved_types_(0),
+        resolved_instance_fields_(0), unresolved_instance_fields_(0),
+        resolved_local_static_fields_(0), resolved_static_fields_(0), unresolved_static_fields_(0) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= kMaxInvokeType; i++) {
+      resolved_methods_[i] = 0;
+      unresolved_methods_[i] = 0;
+      virtual_made_direct_[i] = 0;
+      direct_calls_to_boot_[i] = 0;
+      direct_methods_to_boot_[i] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void Dump() {
+    DumpStat(types_in_dex_cache_, types_not_in_dex_cache_, "types known to be in dex cache");
+    DumpStat(strings_in_dex_cache_, strings_not_in_dex_cache_, "strings known to be in dex cache");
+    DumpStat(resolved_types_, unresolved_types_, "types resolved");
+    DumpStat(resolved_instance_fields_, unresolved_instance_fields_, "instance fields resolved");
+    DumpStat(resolved_local_static_fields_ + resolved_static_fields_, unresolved_static_fields_,
+             "static fields resolved");
+    DumpStat(resolved_local_static_fields_, resolved_static_fields_ + unresolved_static_fields_,
+             "static fields local to a class");
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= kMaxInvokeType; i++) {
+      std::ostringstream oss;
+      oss << static_cast<InvokeType>(i) << " methods were AOT resolved";
+      DumpStat(resolved_methods_[i], unresolved_methods_[i], oss.str().c_str());
+      if (virtual_made_direct_[i] > 0) {
+        std::ostringstream oss2;
+        oss2 << static_cast<InvokeType>(i) << " methods made direct";
+        DumpStat(virtual_made_direct_[i],
+                 resolved_methods_[i] + unresolved_methods_[i] - virtual_made_direct_[i],
+                 oss2.str().c_str());
+      }
+      if (direct_calls_to_boot_[i] > 0) {
+        std::ostringstream oss2;
+        oss2 << static_cast<InvokeType>(i) << " method calls are direct into boot";
+        DumpStat(direct_calls_to_boot_[i],
+                 resolved_methods_[i] + unresolved_methods_[i] - direct_calls_to_boot_[i],
+                 oss2.str().c_str());
+      }
+      if (direct_methods_to_boot_[i] > 0) {
+        std::ostringstream oss2;
+        oss2 << static_cast<InvokeType>(i) << " method calls have methods in boot";
+        DumpStat(direct_methods_to_boot_[i],
+                 resolved_methods_[i] + unresolved_methods_[i] - direct_methods_to_boot_[i],
+                 oss2.str().c_str());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+// Allow lossy statistics in non-debug builds.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define STATS_LOCK() MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), stats_lock_)
+#else
+#define STATS_LOCK()
+#endif
+
+  void TypeInDexCache() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    types_in_dex_cache_++;
+  }
+
+  void TypeNotInDexCache() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    types_not_in_dex_cache_++;
+  }
+
+  void StringInDexCache() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    strings_in_dex_cache_++;
+  }
+
+  void StringNotInDexCache() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    strings_not_in_dex_cache_++;
+  }
+
+  void TypeDoesntNeedAccessCheck() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    resolved_types_++;
+  }
+
+  void TypeNeedsAccessCheck() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    unresolved_types_++;
+  }
+
+  void ResolvedInstanceField() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    resolved_instance_fields_++;
+  }
+
+  void UnresolvedInstanceField() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    unresolved_instance_fields_++;
+  }
+
+  void ResolvedLocalStaticField() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    resolved_local_static_fields_++;
+  }
+
+  void ResolvedStaticField() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    resolved_static_fields_++;
+  }
+
+  void UnresolvedStaticField() {
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    unresolved_static_fields_++;
+  }
+
+  void ResolvedMethod(InvokeType type) {
+    DCHECK_LE(type, kMaxInvokeType);
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    resolved_methods_[type]++;
+  }
+
+  void UnresolvedMethod(InvokeType type) {
+    DCHECK_LE(type, kMaxInvokeType);
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    unresolved_methods_[type]++;
+  }
+
+  void VirtualMadeDirect(InvokeType type) {
+    DCHECK_LE(type, kMaxInvokeType);
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    virtual_made_direct_[type]++;
+  }
+
+  void DirectCallsToBoot(InvokeType type) {
+    DCHECK_LE(type, kMaxInvokeType);
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    direct_calls_to_boot_[type]++;
+  }
+
+  void DirectMethodsToBoot(InvokeType type) {
+    DCHECK_LE(type, kMaxInvokeType);
+    STATS_LOCK();
+    direct_methods_to_boot_[type]++;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex stats_lock_;
+
+  size_t types_in_dex_cache_;
+  size_t types_not_in_dex_cache_;
+
+  size_t strings_in_dex_cache_;
+  size_t strings_not_in_dex_cache_;
+
+  size_t resolved_types_;
+  size_t unresolved_types_;
+
+  size_t resolved_instance_fields_;
+  size_t unresolved_instance_fields_;
+
+  size_t resolved_local_static_fields_;
+  size_t resolved_static_fields_;
+  size_t unresolved_static_fields_;
+
+  size_t resolved_methods_[kMaxInvokeType + 1];
+  size_t unresolved_methods_[kMaxInvokeType + 1];
+  size_t virtual_made_direct_[kMaxInvokeType + 1];
+  size_t direct_calls_to_boot_[kMaxInvokeType + 1];
+  size_t direct_methods_to_boot_[kMaxInvokeType + 1];
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AOTCompilationStats);
+};
+
+static std::string MakeCompilerSoName(CompilerBackend compiler_backend) {
+
+  // Bad things happen if we pull in the libartd-compiler to a libart dex2oat or vice versa,
+  // because we end up with both libart and libartd in the same address space!
+  const char* suffix = (kIsDebugBuild ? "d" : "");
+
+  // Work out the filename for the compiler library.
+  std::string library_name(StringPrintf("art%s-compiler", suffix));
+  std::string filename(StringPrintf(OS_SHARED_LIB_FORMAT_STR, library_name.c_str()));
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+  // On Linux, dex2oat will have been built with an RPATH of $ORIGIN/../lib, so dlopen(3) will find
+  // the .so by itself. On Mac OS, there isn't really an equivalent, so we have to manually do the
+  // same work.
+  uint32_t executable_path_length = 0;
+  _NSGetExecutablePath(NULL, &executable_path_length);
+  std::string path(executable_path_length, static_cast<char>(0));
+  CHECK_EQ(_NSGetExecutablePath(&path[0], &executable_path_length), 0);
+
+  // Strip the "/dex2oat".
+  size_t last_slash = path.find_last_of('/');
+  CHECK_NE(last_slash, std::string::npos) << path;
+  path.resize(last_slash);
+
+  // Strip the "/bin".
+  last_slash = path.find_last_of('/');
+  path.resize(last_slash);
+
+  filename = path + "/lib/" + filename;
+#endif
+  return filename;
+}
+
+template<typename Fn>
+static Fn FindFunction(const std::string& compiler_so_name, void* library, const char* name) {
+  Fn fn = reinterpret_cast<Fn>(dlsym(library, name));
+  if (fn == NULL) {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't find \"" << name << "\" in compiler library " << compiler_so_name << ": " << dlerror();
+  }
+  VLOG(compiler) << "Found \"" << name << "\" at " << reinterpret_cast<void*>(fn);
+  return fn;
+}
+
+CompilerDriver::CompilerDriver(CompilerBackend compiler_backend, InstructionSet instruction_set,
+                               bool image, size_t thread_count, bool support_debugging,
+                               const std::set<std::string>* image_classes, bool dump_stats,
+                               bool dump_timings)
+    : compiler_backend_(compiler_backend),
+      instruction_set_(instruction_set),
+      freezing_constructor_lock_("freezing constructor lock"),
+      compiled_classes_lock_("compiled classes lock"),
+      compiled_methods_lock_("compiled method lock"),
+      compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_("compiled invoke stubs lock"),
+      compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_("compiled proxy stubs lock"),
+      image_(image),
+      thread_count_(thread_count),
+      support_debugging_(support_debugging),
+      start_ns_(0),
+      stats_(new AOTCompilationStats),
+      dump_stats_(dump_stats),
+      dump_timings_(dump_timings),
+      image_classes_(image_classes),
+      compiler_library_(NULL),
+      compiler_(NULL),
+      compiler_context_(NULL),
+      jni_compiler_(NULL),
+      create_invoke_stub_(NULL),
+      compiler_get_method_code_addr_(NULL),
+      compiler_get_method_invoke_stub_addr_(NULL)
+{
+  std::string compiler_so_name(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_));
+  compiler_library_ = dlopen(compiler_so_name.c_str(), RTLD_LAZY);
+  if (compiler_library_ == NULL) {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't find compiler library " << compiler_so_name << ": " << dlerror();
+  }
+  VLOG(compiler) << "dlopen(\"" << compiler_so_name << "\", RTLD_LAZY) returned " << compiler_library_;
+
+  CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_key_create, (&tls_key_, NULL), "compiler tls key");
+
+  // TODO: more work needed to combine initializations and allow per-method backend selection
+  typedef void (*InitCompilerContextFn)(CompilerDriver&);
+  InitCompilerContextFn init_compiler_context;
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable){
+    // Initialize compiler_context_
+    init_compiler_context = FindFunction<void (*)(CompilerDriver&)>(compiler_so_name,
+                                                  compiler_library_, "ArtInitCompilerContext");
+    compiler_ = FindFunction<CompilerFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCompileMethod");
+  } else {
+    init_compiler_context = FindFunction<void (*)(CompilerDriver&)>(compiler_so_name,
+                                                  compiler_library_, "ArtInitQuickCompilerContext");
+    compiler_ = FindFunction<CompilerFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtQuickCompileMethod");
+  }
+
+  init_compiler_context(*this);
+
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable) {
+    jni_compiler_ = FindFunction<JniCompilerFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtLLVMJniCompileMethod");
+  } else {
+    jni_compiler_ = FindFunction<JniCompilerFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtQuickJniCompileMethod");
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable) {
+    create_invoke_stub_ =
+        FindFunction<CreateInvokeStubFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCreateLLVMInvokeStub");
+  } else {
+    switch (instruction_set) {
+      case kArm:
+      case kThumb2:
+        create_invoke_stub_ =
+            FindFunction<CreateInvokeStubFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCreateArmInvokeStub");
+        break;
+      case kMips:
+        create_invoke_stub_ =
+            FindFunction<CreateInvokeStubFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCreateMipsInvokeStub");
+        break;
+      case kX86:
+        create_invoke_stub_ =
+            FindFunction<CreateInvokeStubFn>(compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCreateX86InvokeStub");
+        break;
+      default:
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown InstructionSet: " << instruction_set;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable) {
+    create_proxy_stub_ = FindFunction<CreateProxyStubFn>(
+        compiler_so_name, compiler_library_, "ArtCreateProxyStub");
+  }
+
+  CHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsStarted());
+  if (!image_) {
+    CHECK(image_classes_ == NULL);
+  }
+}
+
+CompilerDriver::~CompilerDriver() {
+  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_classes_lock_);
+    STLDeleteValues(&compiled_classes_);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_methods_lock_);
+    STLDeleteValues(&compiled_methods_);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+    STLDeleteValues(&compiled_invoke_stubs_);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_);
+    STLDeleteValues(&compiled_proxy_stubs_);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_methods_lock_);
+    STLDeleteElements(&code_to_patch_);
+  }
+  {
+    MutexLock mu(self, compiled_methods_lock_);
+    STLDeleteElements(&methods_to_patch_);
+  }
+  CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_key_delete, (tls_key_), "delete tls key");
+  typedef void (*UninitCompilerContextFn)(CompilerDriver&);
+  std::string compiler_so_name(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_));
+  UninitCompilerContextFn uninit_compiler_context;
+  // Uninitialize compiler_context_
+  // TODO: rework to combine initialization/uninitialization
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable) {
+    uninit_compiler_context = FindFunction<void (*)(CompilerDriver&)>(compiler_so_name,
+                                                    compiler_library_, "ArtUnInitCompilerContext");
+  } else {
+    uninit_compiler_context = FindFunction<void (*)(CompilerDriver&)>(compiler_so_name,
+                                                    compiler_library_, "ArtUnInitQuickCompilerContext");
+  }
+  uninit_compiler_context(*this);
+  if (compiler_library_ != NULL) {
+    VLOG(compiler) << "dlclose(" << compiler_library_ << ")";
+    /*
+     * FIXME: Temporary workaround
+     * Apparently, llvm is adding dctors to atexit, but if we unload
+     * the library here the code will no longer be around at exit time
+     * and we die a flaming death in __cxa_finalize().  Apparently, some
+     * dlclose() implementations will scan the atexit list on unload and
+     * handle any associated with the soon-to-be-unloaded library.
+     * However, this is not required by POSIX and we don't do it.
+     * See: http://b/issue?id=4998315
+     * What's the right thing to do here?
+     */
+    dlclose(compiler_library_);
+  }
+}
+
+CompilerTls* CompilerDriver::GetTls() {
+  // Lazily create thread-local storage
+  CompilerTls* res = static_cast<CompilerTls*>(pthread_getspecific(tls_key_));
+  if (res == NULL) {
+    res = new CompilerTls();
+    CHECK_PTHREAD_CALL(pthread_setspecific, (tls_key_, res), "compiler tls");
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+mirror::ByteArray* CompilerDriver::CreateResolutionStub(InstructionSet instruction_set,
+                                                        Runtime::TrampolineType type) {
+  switch (instruction_set) {
+    case kArm:
+    case kThumb2:
+      return arm::ArmCreateResolutionTrampoline(type);
+    case kMips:
+      return mips::MipsCreateResolutionTrampoline(type);
+    case kX86:
+      return x86::X86CreateResolutionTrampoline(type);
+    default:
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown InstructionSet: " << instruction_set;
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+mirror::ByteArray* CompilerDriver::CreateJniDlsymLookupStub(InstructionSet instruction_set) {
+  switch (instruction_set) {
+    case kArm:
+    case kThumb2:
+      return arm::CreateJniDlsymLookupStub();
+    case kMips:
+      return mips::CreateJniDlsymLookupStub();
+    case kX86:
+      return x86::CreateJniDlsymLookupStub();
+    default:
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown InstructionSet: " << instruction_set;
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+mirror::ByteArray* CompilerDriver::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub(InstructionSet instruction_set) {
+  switch (instruction_set) {
+    case kArm:
+    case kThumb2:
+      return arm::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub();
+    case kMips:
+      return mips::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub();
+    case kX86:
+      return x86::CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub();
+    default:
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown InstructionSet: " << instruction_set;
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileAll(jobject class_loader,
+                                const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files) {
+  DCHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsStarted());
+
+  UniquePtr<ThreadPool> thread_pool(new ThreadPool(thread_count_));
+  TimingLogger timings("compiler", false);
+
+  PreCompile(class_loader, dex_files, *thread_pool.get(), timings);
+
+  Compile(class_loader, dex_files, *thread_pool.get(), timings);
+
+  if (dump_timings_ && timings.GetTotalNs() > MsToNs(1000)) {
+    LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<TimingLogger>(timings);
+  }
+
+  if (dump_stats_) {
+    stats_->Dump();
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileOne(const mirror::AbstractMethod* method) {
+  DCHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsStarted());
+  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+  jobject class_loader;
+  const DexFile* dex_file;
+  uint32_t class_def_idx;
+  {
+    ScopedObjectAccessUnchecked soa(self);
+    ScopedLocalRef<jobject>
+      local_class_loader(soa.Env(),
+                    soa.AddLocalReference<jobject>(method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetClassLoader()));
+    class_loader = soa.Env()->NewGlobalRef(local_class_loader.get());
+    // Find the dex_file
+    MethodHelper mh(method);
+    dex_file = &mh.GetDexFile();
+    class_def_idx = mh.GetClassDefIndex();
+  }
+  self->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);
+
+  std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;
+  dex_files.push_back(dex_file);
+
+  UniquePtr<ThreadPool> thread_pool(new ThreadPool(1U));
+  TimingLogger timings("CompileOne", false);
+  PreCompile(class_loader, dex_files, *thread_pool.get(), timings);
+
+  uint32_t method_idx = method->GetDexMethodIndex();
+  const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = dex_file->GetCodeItem(method->GetCodeItemOffset());
+  CompileMethod(code_item, method->GetAccessFlags(), method->GetInvokeType(),
+                class_def_idx, method_idx, class_loader, *dex_file);
+
+  self->GetJniEnv()->DeleteGlobalRef(class_loader);
+
+  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::Resolve(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                             ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {
+    const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
+    CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
+    ResolveDexFile(class_loader, *dex_file, thread_pool, timings);
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::PreCompile(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                                ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  Resolve(class_loader, dex_files, thread_pool, timings);
+
+  Verify(class_loader, dex_files, thread_pool, timings);
+
+  InitializeClasses(class_loader, dex_files, thread_pool, timings);
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::IsImageClass(const std::string& descriptor) const {
+  if (image_classes_ == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return image_classes_->find(descriptor) != image_classes_->end();
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::RecordClassStatus(ClassReference ref, CompiledClass* compiled_class) {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), CompilerDriver::compiled_classes_lock_);
+  compiled_classes_.Put(ref, compiled_class);
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAssumeTypeIsPresentInDexCache(const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                                      uint32_t type_idx) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+  if (!IsImage()) {
+    stats_->TypeNotInDexCache();
+    return false;
+  }
+  mirror::Class* resolved_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
+  if (resolved_class == NULL) {
+    stats_->TypeNotInDexCache();
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool result = IsImageClass(ClassHelper(resolved_class).GetDescriptor());
+  if (result) {
+    stats_->TypeInDexCache();
+  } else {
+    stats_->TypeNotInDexCache();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAssumeStringIsPresentInDexCache(const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                                        uint32_t string_idx) {
+  // See also Compiler::ResolveDexFile
+
+  bool result = false;
+  if (IsImage()) {
+    // We resolve all const-string strings when building for the image.
+    ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+    mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+    Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->ResolveString(dex_file, string_idx, dex_cache);
+    result = true;
+  }
+  if (result) {
+    stats_->StringInDexCache();
+  } else {
+    stats_->StringNotInDexCache();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                                uint32_t type_idx) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier
+  mirror::Class* resolved_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
+  if (resolved_class == NULL) {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+    return false;  // Unknown class needs access checks.
+  }
+  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(referrer_idx);
+  mirror::Class* referrer_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
+  if (referrer_class == NULL) {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+    return false;  // Incomplete referrer knowledge needs access check.
+  }
+  // Perform access check, will return true if access is ok or false if we're going to have to
+  // check this at runtime (for example for class loaders).
+  bool result = referrer_class->CanAccess(resolved_class);
+  if (result) {
+    stats_->TypeDoesntNeedAccessCheck();
+  } else {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx,
+                                                            const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                                            uint32_t type_idx) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+  // Get type from dex cache assuming it was populated by the verifier.
+  mirror::Class* resolved_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
+  if (resolved_class == NULL) {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+    return false;  // Unknown class needs access checks.
+  }
+  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(referrer_idx);
+  mirror::Class* referrer_class = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(method_id.class_idx_);
+  if (referrer_class == NULL) {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+    return false;  // Incomplete referrer knowledge needs access check.
+  }
+  // Perform access and instantiable checks, will return true if access is ok or false if we're
+  // going to have to check this at runtime (for example for class loaders).
+  bool result = referrer_class->CanAccess(resolved_class) && resolved_class->IsInstantiable();
+  if (result) {
+    stats_->TypeDoesntNeedAccessCheck();
+  } else {
+    stats_->TypeNeedsAccessCheck();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static mirror::Class* ComputeCompilingMethodsClass(ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
+                                                   OatCompilationUnit* mUnit)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = mUnit->class_linker_->FindDexCache(*mUnit->dex_file_);
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(mUnit->class_loader_);
+  const DexFile::MethodId& referrer_method_id = mUnit->dex_file_->GetMethodId(mUnit->method_idx_);
+  return mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveType(*mUnit->dex_file_, referrer_method_id.class_idx_,
+                                           dex_cache, class_loader);
+}
+
+static mirror::Field* ComputeFieldReferencedFromCompilingMethod(ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
+                                                                OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                                                uint32_t field_idx)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = mUnit->class_linker_->FindDexCache(*mUnit->dex_file_);
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(mUnit->class_loader_);
+  return mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveField(*mUnit->dex_file_, field_idx, dex_cache,
+                                            class_loader, false);
+}
+
+static mirror::AbstractMethod* ComputeMethodReferencedFromCompilingMethod(ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
+                                                                          OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                                                          uint32_t method_idx,
+                                                                          InvokeType type)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = mUnit->class_linker_->FindDexCache(*mUnit->dex_file_);
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(mUnit->class_loader_);
+  return mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveMethod(*mUnit->dex_file_, method_idx, dex_cache,
+                                             class_loader, NULL, type);
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::ComputeInstanceFieldInfo(uint32_t field_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                              int& field_offset, bool& is_volatile, bool is_put) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  // Conservative defaults.
+  field_offset = -1;
+  is_volatile = true;
+  // Try to resolve field and ignore if an Incompatible Class Change Error (ie is static).
+  mirror::Field* resolved_field = ComputeFieldReferencedFromCompilingMethod(soa, mUnit, field_idx);
+  if (resolved_field != NULL && !resolved_field->IsStatic()) {
+    mirror::Class* referrer_class = ComputeCompilingMethodsClass(soa, mUnit);
+    if (referrer_class != NULL) {
+      mirror::Class* fields_class = resolved_field->GetDeclaringClass();
+      bool access_ok = referrer_class->CanAccess(fields_class) &&
+                       referrer_class->CanAccessMember(fields_class,
+                                                       resolved_field->GetAccessFlags());
+      if (!access_ok) {
+        // The referring class can't access the resolved field, this may occur as a result of a
+        // protected field being made public by a sub-class. Resort to the dex file to determine
+        // the correct class for the access check.
+        const DexFile& dex_file = *referrer_class->GetDexCache()->GetDexFile();
+        mirror::Class* dex_fields_class = mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveType(dex_file,
+                                                         dex_file.GetFieldId(field_idx).class_idx_,
+                                                         referrer_class);
+        access_ok = referrer_class->CanAccess(dex_fields_class) &&
+                    referrer_class->CanAccessMember(dex_fields_class,
+                                                    resolved_field->GetAccessFlags());
+      }
+      bool is_write_to_final_from_wrong_class = is_put && resolved_field->IsFinal() &&
+          fields_class != referrer_class;
+      if (access_ok && !is_write_to_final_from_wrong_class) {
+        field_offset = resolved_field->GetOffset().Int32Value();
+        is_volatile = resolved_field->IsVolatile();
+        stats_->ResolvedInstanceField();
+        return true;  // Fast path.
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Clean up any exception left by field/type resolution
+  if (soa.Self()->IsExceptionPending()) {
+    soa.Self()->ClearException();
+  }
+  stats_->UnresolvedInstanceField();
+  return false;  // Incomplete knowledge needs slow path.
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::ComputeStaticFieldInfo(uint32_t field_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                            int& field_offset, int& ssb_index,
+                                            bool& is_referrers_class, bool& is_volatile,
+                                            bool is_put) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  // Conservative defaults.
+  field_offset = -1;
+  ssb_index = -1;
+  is_referrers_class = false;
+  is_volatile = true;
+  // Try to resolve field and ignore if an Incompatible Class Change Error (ie isn't static).
+  mirror::Field* resolved_field = ComputeFieldReferencedFromCompilingMethod(soa, mUnit, field_idx);
+  if (resolved_field != NULL && resolved_field->IsStatic()) {
+    mirror::Class* referrer_class = ComputeCompilingMethodsClass(soa, mUnit);
+    if (referrer_class != NULL) {
+      mirror::Class* fields_class = resolved_field->GetDeclaringClass();
+      if (fields_class == referrer_class) {
+        is_referrers_class = true;  // implies no worrying about class initialization
+        field_offset = resolved_field->GetOffset().Int32Value();
+        is_volatile = resolved_field->IsVolatile();
+        stats_->ResolvedLocalStaticField();
+        return true;  // fast path
+      } else {
+        bool access_ok = referrer_class->CanAccess(fields_class) &&
+                         referrer_class->CanAccessMember(fields_class,
+                                                         resolved_field->GetAccessFlags());
+        if (!access_ok) {
+          // The referring class can't access the resolved field, this may occur as a result of a
+          // protected field being made public by a sub-class. Resort to the dex file to determine
+          // the correct class for the access check. Don't change the field's class as that is
+          // used to identify the SSB.
+          const DexFile& dex_file = *referrer_class->GetDexCache()->GetDexFile();
+          mirror::Class* dex_fields_class =
+              mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveType(dex_file,
+                                                dex_file.GetFieldId(field_idx).class_idx_,
+                                                referrer_class);
+          access_ok = referrer_class->CanAccess(dex_fields_class) &&
+                      referrer_class->CanAccessMember(dex_fields_class,
+                                                      resolved_field->GetAccessFlags());
+        }
+        bool is_write_to_final_from_wrong_class = is_put && resolved_field->IsFinal();
+        if (access_ok && !is_write_to_final_from_wrong_class) {
+          // We have the resolved field, we must make it into a ssbIndex for the referrer
+          // in its static storage base (which may fail if it doesn't have a slot for it)
+          // TODO: for images we can elide the static storage base null check
+          // if we know there's a non-null entry in the image
+          mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = mUnit->class_linker_->FindDexCache(*mUnit->dex_file_);
+          if (fields_class->GetDexCache() == dex_cache) {
+            // common case where the dex cache of both the referrer and the field are the same,
+            // no need to search the dex file
+            ssb_index = fields_class->GetDexTypeIndex();
+            field_offset = resolved_field->GetOffset().Int32Value();
+            is_volatile = resolved_field->IsVolatile();
+            stats_->ResolvedStaticField();
+            return true;
+          }
+          // Search dex file for localized ssb index, may fail if field's class is a parent
+          // of the class mentioned in the dex file and there is no dex cache entry.
+          std::string descriptor(FieldHelper(resolved_field).GetDeclaringClassDescriptor());
+          const DexFile::StringId* string_id =
+          mUnit->dex_file_->FindStringId(descriptor);
+          if (string_id != NULL) {
+            const DexFile::TypeId* type_id =
+               mUnit->dex_file_->FindTypeId(mUnit->dex_file_->GetIndexForStringId(*string_id));
+            if (type_id != NULL) {
+              // medium path, needs check of static storage base being initialized
+              ssb_index = mUnit->dex_file_->GetIndexForTypeId(*type_id);
+              field_offset = resolved_field->GetOffset().Int32Value();
+              is_volatile = resolved_field->IsVolatile();
+              stats_->ResolvedStaticField();
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Clean up any exception left by field/type resolution
+  if (soa.Self()->IsExceptionPending()) {
+    soa.Self()->ClearException();
+  }
+  stats_->UnresolvedStaticField();
+  return false;  // Incomplete knowledge needs slow path.
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::GetCodeAndMethodForDirectCall(InvokeType type, InvokeType sharp_type,
+                                                   mirror::AbstractMethod* method,
+                                                   uintptr_t& direct_code,
+                                                   uintptr_t& direct_method) {
+  // For direct and static methods compute possible direct_code and direct_method values, ie
+  // an address for the Method* being invoked and an address of the code for that Method*.
+  // For interface calls compute a value for direct_method that is the interface method being
+  // invoked, so this can be passed to the out-of-line runtime support code.
+  direct_code = 0;
+  direct_method = 0;
+  if (compiler_backend_ == kPortable) {
+    if (sharp_type != kStatic && sharp_type != kDirect) {
+      return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (sharp_type != kStatic && sharp_type != kDirect && sharp_type != kInterface) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  bool method_code_in_boot = method->GetDeclaringClass()->GetClassLoader() == NULL;
+  if (!method_code_in_boot) {
+    return;
+  }
+  bool has_clinit_trampoline = method->IsStatic() && !method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsInitialized();
+  if (has_clinit_trampoline) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (sharp_type != kInterface) {  // Interfaces always go via a trampoline.
+    stats_->DirectCallsToBoot(type);
+  }
+  stats_->DirectMethodsToBoot(type);
+  bool compiling_boot = Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetSpaces().size() == 1;
+  if (compiling_boot) {
+    const bool kSupportBootImageFixup = true;
+    if (kSupportBootImageFixup) {
+      MethodHelper mh(method);
+      if (IsImageClass(mh.GetDeclaringClassDescriptor())) {
+        // We can only branch directly to Methods that are resolved in the DexCache.
+        // Otherwise we won't invoke the resolution trampoline.
+        direct_method = -1;
+        direct_code = -1;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->FindSpaceFromObject(method)->IsImageSpace()) {
+      direct_method = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(method);
+    }
+    direct_code = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(method->GetCode());
+  }
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::ComputeInvokeInfo(uint32_t method_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                       InvokeType& type, int& vtable_idx, uintptr_t& direct_code,
+                                       uintptr_t& direct_method) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  vtable_idx = -1;
+  direct_code = 0;
+  direct_method = 0;
+  mirror::AbstractMethod* resolved_method =
+      ComputeMethodReferencedFromCompilingMethod(soa, mUnit, method_idx, type);
+  if (resolved_method != NULL) {
+    // Don't try to fast-path if we don't understand the caller's class or this appears to be an
+    // Incompatible Class Change Error.
+    mirror::Class* referrer_class = ComputeCompilingMethodsClass(soa, mUnit);
+    bool icce = resolved_method->CheckIncompatibleClassChange(type);
+    if (referrer_class != NULL && !icce) {
+      mirror::Class* methods_class = resolved_method->GetDeclaringClass();
+      if (!referrer_class->CanAccess(methods_class) ||
+          !referrer_class->CanAccessMember(methods_class,
+                                           resolved_method->GetAccessFlags())) {
+        // The referring class can't access the resolved method, this may occur as a result of a
+        // protected method being made public by implementing an interface that re-declares the
+        // method public. Resort to the dex file to determine the correct class for the access
+        // check.
+        const DexFile& dex_file = *referrer_class->GetDexCache()->GetDexFile();
+        methods_class =
+            mUnit->class_linker_->ResolveType(dex_file,
+                                              dex_file.GetMethodId(method_idx).class_idx_,
+                                              referrer_class);
+      }
+      if (referrer_class->CanAccess(methods_class) &&
+          referrer_class->CanAccessMember(methods_class, resolved_method->GetAccessFlags())) {
+        vtable_idx = resolved_method->GetMethodIndex();
+        const bool kEnableSharpening = true;
+        // Sharpen a virtual call into a direct call when the target is known.
+        bool can_sharpen = type == kVirtual && (resolved_method->IsFinal() ||
+            methods_class->IsFinal());
+        // Ensure the vtable index will be correct to dispatch in the vtable of the super class.
+        can_sharpen = can_sharpen || (type == kSuper && referrer_class != methods_class &&
+            referrer_class->IsSubClass(methods_class) &&
+            vtable_idx < methods_class->GetVTable()->GetLength() &&
+            methods_class->GetVTable()->Get(vtable_idx) == resolved_method);
+        if (kEnableSharpening && can_sharpen) {
+          stats_->ResolvedMethod(type);
+          // Sharpen a virtual call into a direct call. The method_idx is into referrer's
+          // dex cache, check that this resolved method is where we expect it.
+          CHECK(referrer_class->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedMethod(method_idx) == resolved_method)
+              << PrettyMethod(resolved_method);
+          stats_->VirtualMadeDirect(type);
+          GetCodeAndMethodForDirectCall(type, kDirect, resolved_method, direct_code, direct_method);
+          type = kDirect;
+          return true;
+        } else if (type == kSuper) {
+          // Unsharpened super calls are suspicious so go slow-path.
+        } else {
+          stats_->ResolvedMethod(type);
+          GetCodeAndMethodForDirectCall(type, type, resolved_method, direct_code, direct_method);
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Clean up any exception left by method/type resolution
+  if (soa.Self()->IsExceptionPending()) {
+      soa.Self()->ClearException();
+  }
+  stats_->UnresolvedMethod(type);
+  return false;  // Incomplete knowledge needs slow path.
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::AddCodePatch(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                            uint32_t referrer_method_idx,
+                            InvokeType referrer_invoke_type,
+                            uint32_t target_method_idx,
+                            InvokeType target_invoke_type,
+                            size_t literal_offset) {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_methods_lock_);
+  code_to_patch_.push_back(new PatchInformation(dex_file,
+                                                referrer_method_idx,
+                                                referrer_invoke_type,
+                                                target_method_idx,
+                                                target_invoke_type,
+                                                literal_offset));
+}
+void CompilerDriver::AddMethodPatch(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                              uint32_t referrer_method_idx,
+                              InvokeType referrer_invoke_type,
+                              uint32_t target_method_idx,
+                              InvokeType target_invoke_type,
+                              size_t literal_offset) {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_methods_lock_);
+  methods_to_patch_.push_back(new PatchInformation(dex_file,
+                                                   referrer_method_idx,
+                                                   referrer_invoke_type,
+                                                   target_method_idx,
+                                                   target_invoke_type,
+                                                   literal_offset));
+}
+
+class CompilationContext {
+ public:
+  typedef void Callback(const CompilationContext* context, size_t index);
+
+  CompilationContext(ClassLinker* class_linker,
+          jobject class_loader,
+          CompilerDriver* compiler,
+          const DexFile* dex_file,
+          ThreadPool& thread_pool)
+    : class_linker_(class_linker),
+      class_loader_(class_loader),
+      compiler_(compiler),
+      dex_file_(dex_file),
+      thread_pool_(&thread_pool) {}
+
+  ClassLinker* GetClassLinker() const {
+    CHECK(class_linker_ != NULL);
+    return class_linker_;
+  }
+
+  jobject GetClassLoader() const {
+    return class_loader_;
+  }
+
+  CompilerDriver* GetCompiler() const {
+    CHECK(compiler_ != NULL);
+    return compiler_;
+  }
+
+  const DexFile* GetDexFile() const {
+    CHECK(dex_file_ != NULL);
+    return dex_file_;
+  }
+
+  void ForAll(size_t begin, size_t end, Callback callback, size_t work_units) {
+    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+    self->AssertNoPendingException();
+    CHECK_GT(work_units, 0U);
+
+    std::vector<ForAllClosure*> closures(work_units);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < work_units; ++i) {
+      closures[i] = new ForAllClosure(this, begin + i, end, callback, work_units);
+      thread_pool_->AddTask(self, closures[i]);
+    }
+    thread_pool_->StartWorkers(self);
+
+    // Ensure we're suspended while we're blocked waiting for the other threads to finish (worker
+    // thread destructor's called below perform join).
+    CHECK_NE(self->GetState(), kRunnable);
+
+    // Wait for all the worker threads to finish.
+    thread_pool_->Wait(self);
+  }
+
+ private:
+
+  class ForAllClosure : public Task {
+   public:
+    ForAllClosure(CompilationContext* context, size_t begin, size_t end, Callback* callback,
+                  size_t stripe)
+        : context_(context),
+          begin_(begin),
+          end_(end),
+          callback_(callback),
+          stripe_(stripe)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    virtual void Run(Thread* self) {
+      for (size_t i = begin_; i < end_; i += stripe_) {
+        callback_(context_, i);
+        self->AssertNoPendingException();
+      }
+    }
+
+    virtual void Finalize() {
+      delete this;
+    }
+   private:
+    CompilationContext* const context_;
+    const size_t begin_;
+    const size_t end_;
+    const Callback* callback_;
+    const size_t stripe_;
+  };
+
+  ClassLinker* const class_linker_;
+  const jobject class_loader_;
+  CompilerDriver* const compiler_;
+  const DexFile* const dex_file_;
+  ThreadPool* thread_pool_;
+};
+
+// Return true if the class should be skipped during compilation. We
+// never skip classes in the boot class loader. However, if we have a
+// non-boot class loader and we can resolve the class in the boot
+// class loader, we do skip the class. This happens if an app bundles
+// classes found in the boot classpath. Since at runtime we will
+// select the class from the boot classpath, do not attempt to resolve
+// or compile it now.
+static bool SkipClass(mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader,
+                      const DexFile& dex_file,
+                      const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def)
+    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  if (class_loader == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const char* descriptor = dex_file.GetClassDescriptor(class_def);
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  mirror::Class* klass = class_linker->FindClass(descriptor, NULL);
+  if (klass == NULL) {
+    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+    self->ClearException();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void ResolveClassFieldsAndMethods(const CompilationContext* context, size_t class_def_index)
+    LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader());
+  const DexFile& dex_file = *context->GetDexFile();
+
+  // Method and Field are the worst. We can't resolve without either
+  // context from the code use (to disambiguate virtual vs direct
+  // method and instance vs static field) or from class
+  // definitions. While the compiler will resolve what it can as it
+  // needs it, here we try to resolve fields and methods used in class
+  // definitions, since many of them many never be referenced by
+  // generated code.
+  const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file.GetClassDef(class_def_index);
+  if (SkipClass(class_loader, dex_file, class_def)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Note the class_data pointer advances through the headers,
+  // static fields, instance fields, direct methods, and virtual
+  // methods.
+  const byte* class_data = dex_file.GetClassData(class_def);
+  if (class_data == NULL) {
+    // empty class such as a marker interface
+    return;
+  }
+  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = context->GetClassLinker();
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+  ClassDataItemIterator it(dex_file, class_data);
+  while (it.HasNextStaticField()) {
+    mirror::Field* field = class_linker->ResolveField(dex_file, it.GetMemberIndex(), dex_cache,
+                                                      class_loader, true);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+      self->ClearException();
+    }
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  // If an instance field is final then we need to have a barrier on the return, static final
+  // fields are assigned within the lock held for class initialization.
+  bool requires_constructor_barrier = false;
+  while (it.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+    if ((it.GetMemberAccessFlags() & kAccFinal) != 0) {
+      requires_constructor_barrier = true;
+    }
+
+    mirror::Field* field = class_linker->ResolveField(dex_file, it.GetMemberIndex(), dex_cache,
+                                                      class_loader, false);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+      self->ClearException();
+    }
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  if (requires_constructor_barrier) {
+    context->GetCompiler()->AddRequiresConstructorBarrier(soa.Self(), context->GetDexFile(),
+                                                          class_def_index);
+  }
+  while (it.HasNextDirectMethod()) {
+    mirror::AbstractMethod* method = class_linker->ResolveMethod(dex_file, it.GetMemberIndex(),
+                                                                 dex_cache, class_loader, NULL,
+                                                                 it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def));
+    if (method == NULL) {
+      CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+      self->ClearException();
+    }
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  while (it.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+    mirror::AbstractMethod* method = class_linker->ResolveMethod(dex_file, it.GetMemberIndex(),
+                                                                 dex_cache, class_loader, NULL,
+                                                                 it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def));
+    if (method == NULL) {
+      CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+      self->ClearException();
+    }
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  DCHECK(!it.HasNext());
+}
+
+static void ResolveType(const CompilationContext* context, size_t type_idx)
+    LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  // Class derived values are more complicated, they require the linker and loader.
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = context->GetClassLinker();
+  const DexFile& dex_file = *context->GetDexFile();
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker->FindDexCache(dex_file);
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader());
+  mirror::Class* klass = class_linker->ResolveType(dex_file, type_idx, dex_cache, class_loader);
+
+  if (klass == NULL) {
+    CHECK(soa.Self()->IsExceptionPending());
+    Thread::Current()->ClearException();
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::ResolveDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                    ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+
+  // TODO: we could resolve strings here, although the string table is largely filled with class
+  //       and method names.
+
+  CompilationContext context(class_linker, class_loader, this, &dex_file, thread_pool);
+  context.ForAll(0, dex_file.NumTypeIds(), ResolveType, thread_count_);
+  timings.AddSplit("Resolve " + dex_file.GetLocation() + " Types");
+
+  context.ForAll(0, dex_file.NumClassDefs(), ResolveClassFieldsAndMethods, thread_count_);
+  timings.AddSplit("Resolve " + dex_file.GetLocation() + " MethodsAndFields");
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::Verify(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                            ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {
+    const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
+    CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
+    VerifyDexFile(class_loader, *dex_file, thread_pool, timings);
+  }
+}
+
+static void VerifyClass(const CompilationContext* context, size_t class_def_index)
+    LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDef(class_def_index);
+  const char* descriptor = context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDescriptor(class_def);
+  mirror::Class* klass =
+      context->GetClassLinker()->FindClass(descriptor,
+                                       soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader()));
+  if (klass == NULL) {
+    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
+    self->ClearException();
+
+    /*
+     * At compile time, we can still structurally verify the class even if FindClass fails.
+     * This is to ensure the class is structurally sound for compilation. An unsound class
+     * will be rejected by the verifier and later skipped during compilation in the compiler.
+     */
+    mirror::DexCache* dex_cache =  context->GetClassLinker()->FindDexCache(*context->GetDexFile());
+    std::string error_msg;
+    if (verifier::MethodVerifier::VerifyClass(context->GetDexFile(),
+                                              dex_cache,
+                                              soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader()),
+                                              class_def_index, error_msg) ==
+                                                  verifier::MethodVerifier::kHardFailure) {
+      const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDef(class_def_index);
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Verification failed on class "
+                 << PrettyDescriptor(context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDescriptor(class_def))
+                 << " because: " << error_msg;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  CHECK(klass->IsResolved()) << PrettyClass(klass);
+  context->GetClassLinker()->VerifyClass(klass);
+
+  if (klass->IsErroneous()) {
+    // ClassLinker::VerifyClass throws, which isn't useful in the compiler.
+    CHECK(Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending());
+    Thread::Current()->ClearException();
+  }
+
+  CHECK(klass->IsCompileTimeVerified() || klass->IsErroneous())
+      << PrettyDescriptor(klass) << ": state=" << klass->GetStatus();
+  CHECK(!Thread::Current()->IsExceptionPending()) << PrettyTypeOf(Thread::Current()->GetException());
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::VerifyDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                   ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  CompilationContext context(class_linker, class_loader, this, &dex_file, thread_pool);
+  context.ForAll(0, dex_file.NumClassDefs(), VerifyClass, thread_count_);
+  timings.AddSplit("Verify " + dex_file.GetLocation());
+}
+
+static const char* class_initializer_black_list[] = {
+  "Landroid/app/ActivityThread;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/bluetooth/BluetoothAudioGateway;", // Calls android.bluetooth.BluetoothAudioGateway.classInitNative().
+  "Landroid/bluetooth/HeadsetBase;", // Calls android.bluetooth.HeadsetBase.classInitNative().
+  "Landroid/content/res/CompatibilityInfo;", // Requires android.util.DisplayMetrics -..-> android.os.SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Landroid/content/res/CompatibilityInfo$1;", // Requires android.util.DisplayMetrics -..-> android.os.SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Landroid/content/UriMatcher;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/database/CursorWindow;", // Requires android.util.DisplayMetrics -..-> android.os.SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnection;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnection$Operation;", // Requires SimpleDateFormat -> java.util.Locale.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteDatabaseConfiguration;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteDebug;", // Calls android.util.Log.isLoggable.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteOpenHelper;", // Calls Class.getSimpleName -> Class.isAnonymousClass -> Class.getDex.
+  "Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteQueryBuilder;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/drm/DrmManagerClient;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/AnimatedRotateDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/AnimationDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/BitmapDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/ClipDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/ColorDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/Drawable;", // Requires android.graphics.Rect.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/DrawableContainer;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/GradientDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/LayerDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/NinePatchDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/RotateDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/ScaleDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/ShapeDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/StateListDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/drawable/TransitionDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/graphics/Matrix;", // Calls android.graphics.Matrix.native_create.
+  "Landroid/graphics/Matrix$1;", // Requires Matrix.
+  "Landroid/graphics/PixelFormat;", // Calls android.graphics.PixelFormat.nativeClassInit().
+  "Landroid/graphics/Rect;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/graphics/SurfaceTexture;", // Calls android.graphics.SurfaceTexture.nativeClassInit().
+  "Landroid/graphics/Typeface;", // Calls android.graphics.Typeface.nativeCreate.
+  "Landroid/inputmethodservice/ExtractEditText;", // Requires android.widget.TextView.
+  "Landroid/media/CameraProfile;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/media/DecoderCapabilities;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/media/MediaFile;", // Requires DecoderCapabilities.
+  "Landroid/media/MediaPlayer;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/media/MediaRecorder;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/media/MediaScanner;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/net/NetworkInfo;", // Calls java.util.EnumMap.<init> -> java.lang.Enum.getSharedConstants -> System.identityHashCode.
+  "Landroid/net/Proxy;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/net/SSLCertificateSocketFactory;", // Requires javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection.
+  "Landroid/net/Uri;", // Calls Class.getSimpleName -> Class.isAnonymousClass -> Class.getDex.
+  "Landroid/net/Uri$AbstractHierarchicalUri;", // Requires Uri.
+  "Landroid/net/Uri$HierarchicalUri;", // Requires Uri.
+  "Landroid/net/Uri$OpaqueUri;", // Requires Uri.
+  "Landroid/net/Uri$StringUri;", // Requires Uri.
+  "Landroid/net/WebAddress;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/nfc/NdefRecord;", // Calls String.getBytes -> java.nio.charset.Charset.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLES10;", // Calls android.opengl.GLES10._nativeClassInit.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLES10Ext;", // Calls android.opengl.GLES10Ext._nativeClassInit.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLES11;", // Requires GLES10.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLES11Ext;", // Calls android.opengl.GLES11Ext._nativeClassInit.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLES20;", // Calls android.opengl.GLES20._nativeClassInit.
+  "Landroid/opengl/GLUtils;", // Calls android.opengl.GLUtils.nativeClassInit.
+  "Landroid/os/Build;", // Calls -..-> android.os.SystemProperties.native_get.
+  "Landroid/os/Build$VERSION;", // Requires Build.
+  "Landroid/os/Debug;", // Requires android.os.Environment.
+  "Landroid/os/Environment;", // Calls System.getenv.
+  "Landroid/os/FileUtils;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/os/StrictMode;", // Calls android.util.Log.isLoggable.
+  "Landroid/os/StrictMode$VmPolicy;", // Requires StrictMode.
+  "Landroid/os/Trace;", // Calls android.os.Trace.nativeGetEnabledTags.
+  "Landroid/os/UEventObserver;", // Calls Class.getSimpleName -> Class.isAnonymousClass -> Class.getDex.
+  "Landroid/provider/Settings$Secure;", // Requires android.net.Uri.
+  "Landroid/provider/Settings$System;", // Requires android.net.Uri.
+  "Landroid/renderscript/RenderScript;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/server/BluetoothService;", // Calls android.server.BluetoothService.classInitNative.
+  "Landroid/server/BluetoothEventLoop;", // Calls android.server.BluetoothEventLoop.classInitNative.
+  "Landroid/telephony/PhoneNumberUtils;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/text/AutoText;", // Requires android.util.DisplayMetrics -..-> android.os.SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Landroid/text/Layout;", // Calls com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils.emptyArray -> System.identityHashCode.
+  "Landroid/text/BoringLayout;", // Requires Layout.
+  "Landroid/text/DynamicLayout;", // Requires Layout.
+  "Landroid/text/Html$HtmlParser;", // Calls -..-> String.toLowerCase -> java.util.Locale.
+  "Landroid/text/StaticLayout;", // Requires Layout.
+  "Landroid/text/TextUtils;", // Requires android.util.DisplayMetrics.
+  "Landroid/util/DisplayMetrics;", // Calls SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Landroid/util/Patterns;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Landroid/view/animation/Animation;", // Calls SystemProperties.native_get_boolean.
+  "Landroid/view/animation/AlphaAnimation;", // Requires Animation.
+  "Landroid/view/Choreographer;", // Calls SystemProperties.native_get_boolean.
+  "Landroid/view/GLES20Canvas;", // Calls android.view.GLES20Canvas.nIsAvailable.
+  "Landroid/view/GLES20RecordingCanvas;", // Requires android.view.GLES20Canvas.
+  "Landroid/view/HardwareRenderer$GlRenderer;", // Requires SystemProperties.native_get.
+  "Landroid/view/HardwareRenderer$Gl20Renderer;", // Requires SystemProperties.native_get.
+  "Landroid/view/InputEventConsistencyVerifier;", // Requires android.os.Build.
+  "Landroid/view/Surface;", // Requires SystemProperties.native_get.
+  "Landroid/webkit/JniUtil;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/webkit/WebViewCore;", // Calls System.loadLibrary.
+  "Landroid/widget/AutoCompleteTextView;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/Button;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/CheckBox;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/CheckedTextView;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/CompoundButton;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/EditText;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/NumberPicker;", // Requires java.util.Locale.
+  "Landroid/widget/ScrollBarDrawable;", // Sub-class of Drawable.
+  "Landroid/widget/SearchView$SearchAutoComplete;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/Switch;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Landroid/widget/TextView;", // Calls Paint.<init> -> Paint.native_init.
+  "Lcom/android/i18n/phonenumbers/AsYouTypeFormatter;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Lcom/android/i18n/phonenumbers/PhoneNumberUtil;", // Requires java.util.logging.LogManager.
+  "Lcom/android/internal/os/SamplingProfilerIntegration;", // Calls SystemProperties.native_get_int.
+  "Lcom/android/internal/policy/impl/PhoneWindow;", // Calls android.os.Binder.init.
+  "Lcom/android/internal/view/menu/ActionMenuItemView;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Lcom/android/internal/widget/DialogTitle;", // Requires TextView.
+  "Lcom/android/org/bouncycastle/asn1/StreamUtil;", // Calls Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory().
+  "Lcom/android/org/bouncycastle/crypto/digests/OpenSSLDigest$SHA1;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.NativeCrypto.
+  "Lcom/android/org/bouncycastle/crypto/engines/RSABlindedEngine;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Lcom/android/org/bouncycastle/jce/provider/CertBlacklist;", // Calls System.getenv -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Lcom/android/org/bouncycastle/jce/provider/PKIXCertPathValidatorSpi;", // Calls System.getenv -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Lcom/google/android/gles_jni/EGLContextImpl;", // Calls com.google.android.gles_jni.EGLImpl._nativeClassInit.
+  "Lcom/google/android/gles_jni/EGLImpl;", // Calls com.google.android.gles_jni.EGLImpl._nativeClassInit.
+  "Lcom/google/android/gles_jni/GLImpl;", // Calls com.google.android.gles_jni.GLImpl._nativeClassInit.
+  "Ljava/io/Console;", // Has FileDescriptor(s).
+  "Ljava/io/File;", // Calls to Random.<init> -> System.currentTimeMillis -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", // Requires libcore.io.OsConstants.
+  "Ljava/io/ObjectInputStream;", // Requires java.lang.ClassLoader$SystemClassLoader.
+  "Ljava/io/ObjectStreamClass;",  // Calls to Class.forName -> java.io.FileDescriptor.
+  "Ljava/io/ObjectStreamConstants;", // Instance of non-image class SerializablePermission.
+  "Ljava/lang/ClassLoader$SystemClassLoader;", // Calls System.getProperty -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/lang/Runtime;", // Calls System.getProperty -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/lang/System;", // Calls OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/math/BigDecimal;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Ljava/math/BigInteger;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Ljava/math/Multiplication;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Ljava/net/InetAddress;", // Requires libcore.io.OsConstants.
+  "Ljava/net/Inet4Address;", // Sub-class of InetAddress.
+  "Ljava/net/Inet6Address;", // Sub-class of InetAddress.
+  "Ljava/nio/charset/Charset;", // Calls Charset.getDefaultCharset -> System.getProperty -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/nio/charset/CharsetICU;", // Sub-class of Charset.
+  "Ljava/nio/charset/Charsets;", // Calls Charset.forName.
+  "Ljava/security/Security;", // Tries to do disk IO for "security.properties".
+  "Ljava/util/Date;", // Calls Date.<init> -> System.currentTimeMillis -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/util/Locale;", // Calls System.getProperty -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljava/util/SimpleTimeZone;", // Sub-class of TimeZone.
+  "Ljava/util/TimeZone;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+  "Ljava/util/concurrent/ConcurrentHashMap$Segment;", // Calls Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors().
+  "Ljava/util/logging/LogManager;", // Calls System.getProperty -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Ljavax/microedition/khronos/egl/EGL10;", // Requires EGLContext.
+  "Ljavax/microedition/khronos/egl/EGLContext;", // Requires com.google.android.gles_jni.EGLImpl.
+  "Ljavax/net/ssl/HttpsURLConnection;", // Calls SSLSocketFactory.getDefault -> java.security.Security.getProperty.
+  "Llibcore/icu/LocaleData;", // Requires java.util.Locale.
+  "Llibcore/icu/TimeZones;", // Requires java.util.TimeZone.
+  "Llibcore/io/OsConstants;", // Platform specific.
+  "Llibcore/net/MimeUtils;", // Calls libcore.net.MimeUtils.getContentTypesPropertiesStream -> System.getProperty.
+  "Llibcore/util/ZoneInfo;", // Sub-class of TimeZone.
+  "Llibcore/util/ZoneInfoDB;", // Calls System.getenv -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Lorg/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory;", // Calls System.getProperty.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/fortress/Services;", // Calls ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader -> System.getProperty.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/provider/cert/X509CertFactoryImpl;", // Requires java.nio.charsets.Charsets.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/provider/crypto/RandomBitsSupplier;", // Requires java.io.File.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/utils/AlgNameMapper;", // Requires java.util.Locale.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x501/AttributeTypeAndValue;", // Calls IntegralToString.convertInt -> Thread.currentThread.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x501/DirectoryString;", // Requires BigInteger.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x501/Name;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.security.x501.AttributeTypeAndValue.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/Certificate;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.security.x509.TBSCertificate.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/TBSCertificate;",  // Requires org.apache.harmony.security.x501.Name.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/EDIPartyName;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/GeneralName;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.security.x501.Name.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/GeneralNames;", // Requires GeneralName.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/Time;", // Calls native ... -> java.math.NativeBN.BN_new().
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/security/x509/Validity;", // Requires x509.Time.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xml/ExpatParser;", // Calls native ExpatParser.staticInitialize.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/NativeCrypto;", // Calls native NativeCrypto.clinit().
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLMessageDigestJDK$MD5;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.NativeCrypto.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLMessageDigestJDK$SHA1;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.NativeCrypto.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLMessageDigestJDK$SHA512;", // Requires org.apache.harmony.xnet.provider.jsse.NativeCrypto.
+  "Lorg/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/TrustedCertificateStore;", // Calls System.getenv -> OsConstants.initConstants.
+  "Lorg/apache/http/conn/params/ConnRouteParams;", // Requires java.util.Locale.
+  "Lorg/apache/http/conn/ssl/SSLSocketFactory;", // Calls java.security.Security.getProperty.
+  "Lorg/apache/http/conn/util/InetAddressUtils;", // Calls regex.Pattern.compile -..-> regex.Pattern.compileImpl.
+};
+
+static void InitializeClass(const CompilationContext* context, size_t class_def_index)
+    LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDef(class_def_index);
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader());
+  const char* descriptor = context->GetDexFile()->GetClassDescriptor(class_def);
+  mirror::Class* klass = context->GetClassLinker()->FindClass(descriptor, class_loader);
+  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+  bool compiling_boot = Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetSpaces().size() == 1;
+  bool can_init_static_fields = compiling_boot &&
+      context->GetCompiler()->IsImageClass(descriptor);
+  if (klass != NULL) {
+    // We don't want class initialization occurring on multiple threads due to deadlock problems.
+    // For example, a parent class is initialized (holding its lock) that refers to a sub-class
+    // in its static/class initializer causing it to try to acquire the sub-class' lock. While
+    // on a second thread the sub-class is initialized (holding its lock) after first initializing
+    // its parents, whose locks are acquired. This leads to a parent-to-child and a child-to-parent
+    // lock ordering and consequent potential deadlock.
+    static Mutex lock1("Initializer lock", kMonitorLock);
+    MutexLock mu(self, lock1);
+    // The lock required to initialize the class.
+    ObjectLock lock2(self, klass);
+    // Only try to initialize classes that were successfully verified.
+    if (klass->IsVerified()) {
+      context->GetClassLinker()->EnsureInitialized(klass, false, can_init_static_fields);
+      if (!klass->IsInitialized()) {
+        if (can_init_static_fields) {
+          bool is_black_listed = false;
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(class_initializer_black_list); ++i) {
+            if (StringPiece(descriptor) == class_initializer_black_list[i]) {
+              is_black_listed = true;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (!is_black_listed) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Initializing: " << descriptor;
+            if (StringPiece(descriptor) == "Ljava/lang/Void;"){
+              // Hand initialize j.l.Void to avoid Dex file operations in un-started runtime.
+              mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Field>* fields = klass->GetSFields();
+              CHECK_EQ(fields->GetLength(), 1);
+              fields->Get(0)->SetObj(klass, context->GetClassLinker()->FindPrimitiveClass('V'));
+              klass->SetStatus(mirror::Class::kStatusInitialized);
+            } else {
+              context->GetClassLinker()->EnsureInitialized(klass, true, can_init_static_fields);
+            }
+            CHECK(!self->IsExceptionPending()) << self->GetException()->Dump();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // If successfully initialized place in SSB array.
+      if (klass->IsInitialized()) {
+        klass->GetDexCache()->GetInitializedStaticStorage()->Set(klass->GetDexTypeIndex(), klass);
+      }
+    }
+    // Record the final class status if necessary.
+    mirror::Class::Status status = klass->GetStatus();
+    CompilerDriver::ClassReference ref(context->GetDexFile(), class_def_index);
+    CompiledClass* compiled_class = context->GetCompiler()->GetCompiledClass(ref);
+    if (compiled_class == NULL) {
+      compiled_class = new CompiledClass(status);
+      context->GetCompiler()->RecordClassStatus(ref, compiled_class);
+    } else {
+      DCHECK_EQ(status, compiled_class->GetStatus());
+    }
+  }
+  // Clear any class not found or verification exceptions.
+  self->ClearException();
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::InitializeClasses(jobject jni_class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                       ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(class_initializer_black_list); ++i) {
+    const char* descriptor = class_initializer_black_list[i];
+    CHECK(IsValidDescriptor(descriptor)) << descriptor;
+  }
+#endif
+  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+  CompilationContext context(class_linker, jni_class_loader, this, &dex_file, thread_pool);
+  context.ForAll(0, dex_file.NumClassDefs(), InitializeClass, thread_count_);
+  timings.AddSplit("InitializeNoClinit " + dex_file.GetLocation());
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::InitializeClasses(jobject class_loader,
+                                       const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                                       ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {
+    const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
+    CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
+    InitializeClasses(class_loader, *dex_file, thread_pool, timings);
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::Compile(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                       ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {
+    const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
+    CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
+    CompileDexFile(class_loader, *dex_file, thread_pool, timings);
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileClass(const CompilationContext* context, size_t class_def_index) {
+  jobject class_loader = context->GetClassLoader();
+  const DexFile& dex_file = *context->GetDexFile();
+  const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file.GetClassDef(class_def_index);
+  {
+    ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+    mirror::ClassLoader* class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(context->GetClassLoader());
+    if (SkipClass(class_loader, dex_file, class_def)) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  ClassReference ref(&dex_file, class_def_index);
+  // Skip compiling classes with generic verifier failures since they will still fail at runtime
+  if (verifier::MethodVerifier::IsClassRejected(ref)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const byte* class_data = dex_file.GetClassData(class_def);
+  if (class_data == NULL) {
+    // empty class, probably a marker interface
+    return;
+  }
+  ClassDataItemIterator it(dex_file, class_data);
+  // Skip fields
+  while (it.HasNextStaticField()) {
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  while (it.HasNextInstanceField()) {
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  // Compile direct methods
+  int64_t previous_direct_method_idx = -1;
+  while (it.HasNextDirectMethod()) {
+    uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
+    if (method_idx == previous_direct_method_idx) {
+      // smali can create dex files with two encoded_methods sharing the same method_idx
+      // http://code.google.com/p/smali/issues/detail?id=119
+      it.Next();
+      continue;
+    }
+    previous_direct_method_idx = method_idx;
+    context->GetCompiler()->CompileMethod(it.GetMethodCodeItem(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(),
+                                          it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def), class_def_index,
+                                          method_idx, class_loader, dex_file);
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  // Compile virtual methods
+  int64_t previous_virtual_method_idx = -1;
+  while (it.HasNextVirtualMethod()) {
+    uint32_t method_idx = it.GetMemberIndex();
+    if (method_idx == previous_virtual_method_idx) {
+      // smali can create dex files with two encoded_methods sharing the same method_idx
+      // http://code.google.com/p/smali/issues/detail?id=119
+      it.Next();
+      continue;
+    }
+    previous_virtual_method_idx = method_idx;
+    context->GetCompiler()->CompileMethod(it.GetMethodCodeItem(), it.GetMemberAccessFlags(),
+                                          it.GetMethodInvokeType(class_def), class_def_index,
+                                          method_idx, class_loader, dex_file);
+    it.Next();
+  }
+  DCHECK(!it.HasNext());
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                    ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings) {
+  CompilationContext context(NULL, class_loader, this, &dex_file, thread_pool);
+  context.ForAll(0, dex_file.NumClassDefs(), CompilerDriver::CompileClass, thread_count_);
+  timings.AddSplit("Compile " + dex_file.GetLocation());
+}
+
+static std::string MakeInvokeStubKey(bool is_static, const char* shorty) {
+  std::string key(shorty);
+  if (is_static) {
+    key += "$";  // Must not be a shorty type character.
+  }
+  return key;
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::CompileMethod(const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item, uint32_t access_flags,
+                                   InvokeType invoke_type, uint32_t class_def_idx,
+                                   uint32_t method_idx, jobject class_loader,
+                                   const DexFile& dex_file) {
+  CompiledMethod* compiled_method = NULL;
+  uint64_t start_ns = NanoTime();
+
+  if ((access_flags & kAccNative) != 0) {
+    compiled_method = (*jni_compiler_)(*this, access_flags, method_idx, dex_file);
+    CHECK(compiled_method != NULL);
+  } else if ((access_flags & kAccAbstract) != 0) {
+  } else {
+    compiled_method = (*compiler_)(*this, code_item, access_flags, invoke_type, class_def_idx,
+                                   method_idx, class_loader, dex_file);
+    CHECK(compiled_method != NULL) << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file);
+  }
+  uint64_t duration_ns = NanoTime() - start_ns;
+#ifdef ART_USE_PORTABLE_COMPILER
+  const uint64_t kWarnMilliSeconds = 1000;
+#else
+  const uint64_t kWarnMilliSeconds = 100;
+#endif
+  if (duration_ns > MsToNs(kWarnMilliSeconds)) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "Compilation of " << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file)
+                 << " took " << PrettyDuration(duration_ns);
+  }
+
+  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
+  if (compiled_method != NULL) {
+    MethodReference ref(&dex_file, method_idx);
+    CHECK(GetCompiledMethod(ref) == NULL) << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file);
+    {
+      MutexLock mu(self, compiled_methods_lock_);
+      compiled_methods_.Put(ref, compiled_method);
+    }
+    DCHECK(GetCompiledMethod(ref) != NULL) << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file);
+  }
+
+  uint32_t shorty_len;
+  const char* shorty = dex_file.GetMethodShorty(dex_file.GetMethodId(method_idx), &shorty_len);
+  bool is_static = (access_flags & kAccStatic) != 0;
+  std::string key(MakeInvokeStubKey(is_static, shorty));
+  const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_invoke_stub = FindInvokeStub(key);
+  if (compiled_invoke_stub == NULL) {
+    compiled_invoke_stub = (*create_invoke_stub_)(*this, is_static, shorty, shorty_len);
+    CHECK(compiled_invoke_stub != NULL);
+    InsertInvokeStub(key, compiled_invoke_stub);
+  }
+
+  if ((compiler_backend_ == kPortable) && !is_static) {
+    const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_proxy_stub = FindProxyStub(shorty);
+    if (compiled_proxy_stub == NULL) {
+      compiled_proxy_stub = (*create_proxy_stub_)(*this, shorty, shorty_len);
+      CHECK(compiled_proxy_stub != NULL);
+      InsertProxyStub(shorty, compiled_proxy_stub);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (self->IsExceptionPending()) {
+    ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected exception compiling: " << PrettyMethod(method_idx, dex_file) << "\n"
+        << self->GetException()->Dump();
+  }
+}
+
+const CompiledInvokeStub* CompilerDriver::FindInvokeStub(bool is_static, const char* shorty) const {
+  const std::string key(MakeInvokeStubKey(is_static, shorty));
+  return FindInvokeStub(key);
+}
+
+const CompiledInvokeStub* CompilerDriver::FindInvokeStub(const std::string& key) const {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+  InvokeStubTable::const_iterator it = compiled_invoke_stubs_.find(key);
+  if (it == compiled_invoke_stubs_.end()) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    DCHECK(it->second != NULL);
+    return it->second;
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::InsertInvokeStub(const std::string& key,
+                                      const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_invoke_stub) {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+  InvokeStubTable::iterator it = compiled_invoke_stubs_.find(key);
+  if (it != compiled_invoke_stubs_.end()) {
+    // Someone else won the race.
+    delete compiled_invoke_stub;
+  } else {
+    compiled_invoke_stubs_.Put(key, compiled_invoke_stub);
+  }
+}
+
+const CompiledInvokeStub* CompilerDriver::FindProxyStub(const char* shorty) const {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_);
+  ProxyStubTable::const_iterator it = compiled_proxy_stubs_.find(shorty);
+  if (it == compiled_proxy_stubs_.end()) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    DCHECK(it->second != NULL);
+    return it->second;
+  }
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::InsertProxyStub(const char* shorty,
+                                     const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_proxy_stub) {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_);
+  InvokeStubTable::iterator it = compiled_proxy_stubs_.find(shorty);
+  if (it != compiled_proxy_stubs_.end()) {
+    // Someone else won the race.
+    delete compiled_proxy_stub;
+  } else {
+    compiled_proxy_stubs_.Put(shorty, compiled_proxy_stub);
+  }
+}
+
+CompiledClass* CompilerDriver::GetCompiledClass(ClassReference ref) const {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_classes_lock_);
+  ClassTable::const_iterator it = compiled_classes_.find(ref);
+  if (it == compiled_classes_.end()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CHECK(it->second != NULL);
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+CompiledMethod* CompilerDriver::GetCompiledMethod(MethodReference ref) const {
+  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), compiled_methods_lock_);
+  MethodTable::const_iterator it = compiled_methods_.find(ref);
+  if (it == compiled_methods_.end()) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  CHECK(it->second != NULL);
+  return it->second;
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::SetBitcodeFileName(std::string const& filename) {
+  typedef void (*SetBitcodeFileNameFn)(CompilerDriver&, std::string const&);
+
+  SetBitcodeFileNameFn set_bitcode_file_name =
+    FindFunction<SetBitcodeFileNameFn>(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_), compiler_library_,
+                                       "compilerLLVMSetBitcodeFileName");
+
+  set_bitcode_file_name(*this, filename);
+}
+
+
+void CompilerDriver::AddRequiresConstructorBarrier(Thread* self, const DexFile* dex_file,
+                                             size_t class_def_index) {
+  MutexLock mu(self, freezing_constructor_lock_);
+  freezing_constructor_classes_.insert(ClassReference(dex_file, class_def_index));
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::RequiresConstructorBarrier(Thread* self, const DexFile* dex_file,
+                                          size_t class_def_index) {
+  MutexLock mu(self, freezing_constructor_lock_);
+  return freezing_constructor_classes_.count(ClassReference(dex_file, class_def_index)) != 0;
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::WriteElf(std::vector<uint8_t>& oat_contents, File* file) {
+  typedef bool (*WriteElfFn)(CompilerDriver&, std::vector<uint8_t>&, File*);
+  WriteElfFn WriteElf =
+    FindFunction<WriteElfFn>(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_), compiler_library_, "WriteElf");
+  return WriteElf(*this, oat_contents, file);
+}
+
+bool CompilerDriver::FixupElf(File* file, uintptr_t oat_data_begin) const {
+  typedef bool (*FixupElfFn)(File*, uintptr_t oat_data_begin);
+  FixupElfFn FixupElf =
+    FindFunction<FixupElfFn>(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_), compiler_library_, "FixupElf");
+  return FixupElf(file, oat_data_begin);
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::GetOatElfInformation(File* file,
+                                          size_t& oat_loaded_size,
+                                          size_t& oat_data_offset) const {
+  typedef bool (*GetOatElfInformationFn)(File*, size_t& oat_loaded_size, size_t& oat_data_offset);
+  GetOatElfInformationFn GetOatElfInformation =
+    FindFunction<GetOatElfInformationFn>(MakeCompilerSoName(compiler_backend_), compiler_library_,
+                                         "GetOatElfInformation");
+  GetOatElfInformation(file, oat_loaded_size, oat_data_offset);
+}
+
+void CompilerDriver::InstructionSetToLLVMTarget(InstructionSet instruction_set,
+                                                std::string& target_triple,
+                                                std::string& target_cpu,
+                                                std::string& target_attr) {
+    switch (instruction_set) {
+    case kThumb2:
+      target_triple = "thumb-none-linux-gnueabi";
+      target_cpu = "cortex-a9";
+      target_attr = "+thumb2,+neon,+neonfp,+vfp3,+db";
+      break;
+
+    case kArm:
+      target_triple = "armv7-none-linux-gnueabi";
+      // TODO: Fix for Nexus S.
+      target_cpu = "cortex-a9";
+      // TODO: Fix for Xoom.
+      target_attr = "+v7,+neon,+neonfp,+vfp3,+db";
+      break;
+
+    case kX86:
+      target_triple = "i386-pc-linux-gnu";
+      target_attr = "";
+      break;
+
+    case kMips:
+      target_triple = "mipsel-unknown-linux";
+      target_attr = "mips32r2";
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown instruction set: " << instruction_set;
+    }
+  }
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c17320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_SRC_COMPILER_H_
+#define ART_SRC_COMPILER_H_
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "base/mutex.h"
+#include "compiled_class.h"
+#include "compiled_method.h"
+#include "dex_file.h"
+#include "instruction_set.h"
+#include "invoke_type.h"
+#include "oat_file.h"
+#include "runtime.h"
+#include "safe_map.h"
+#include "thread_pool.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+class AOTCompilationStats;
+class CompilationContext;
+class OatCompilationUnit;
+class TimingLogger;
+
+enum CompilerBackend {
+  kQuick,
+  kQuickGBC,
+  kPortable
+};
+
+// Thread-local storage compiler worker threads
+class CompilerTls {
+  public:
+    CompilerTls() : llvm_info_(NULL) {}
+    ~CompilerTls() {}
+
+    void* GetLLVMInfo() { return llvm_info_; }
+
+    void SetLLVMInfo(void* llvm_info) { llvm_info_ = llvm_info; }
+
+  private:
+    void* llvm_info_;
+};
+
+class CompilerDriver {
+ public:
+  // Create a compiler targeting the requested "instruction_set".
+  // "image" should be true if image specific optimizations should be
+  // enabled.  "image_classes" lets the compiler know what classes it
+  // can assume will be in the image, with NULL implying all available
+  // classes.
+  explicit CompilerDriver(CompilerBackend compiler_backend, InstructionSet instruction_set, bool image,
+                          size_t thread_count, bool support_debugging,
+                          const std::set<std::string>* image_classes, bool dump_stats,
+                          bool dump_timings);
+
+  ~CompilerDriver();
+
+  void CompileAll(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Compile a single Method
+  void CompileOne(const mirror::AbstractMethod* method)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  bool IsDebuggingSupported() {
+    return support_debugging_;
+  }
+
+  InstructionSet GetInstructionSet() const {
+    return instruction_set_;
+  }
+
+  CompilerBackend GetCompilerBackend() const {
+    return compiler_backend_;
+  }
+
+  bool IsImage() const {
+    return image_;
+  }
+
+  CompilerTls* GetTls();
+
+  // Stub to throw AbstractMethodError
+  static mirror::ByteArray* CreateAbstractMethodErrorStub(InstructionSet instruction_set)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+
+  // Generate the trampoline that's invoked by unresolved direct methods
+  static mirror::ByteArray* CreateResolutionStub(InstructionSet instruction_set,
+                                                 Runtime::TrampolineType type)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  static mirror::ByteArray* CreateJniDlsymLookupStub(InstructionSet instruction_set)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // A class is uniquely located by its DexFile and the class_defs_ table index into that DexFile
+  typedef std::pair<const DexFile*, uint32_t> ClassReference;
+
+  CompiledClass* GetCompiledClass(ClassReference ref) const
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_classes_lock_);
+
+  // A method is uniquely located by its DexFile and the method_ids_ table index into that DexFile
+  typedef std::pair<const DexFile*, uint32_t> MethodReference;
+
+  CompiledMethod* GetCompiledMethod(MethodReference ref) const
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_methods_lock_);
+
+  const CompiledInvokeStub* FindInvokeStub(bool is_static, const char* shorty) const;
+  const CompiledInvokeStub* FindInvokeStub(const std::string& key) const
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+
+  const CompiledInvokeStub* FindProxyStub(const char* shorty) const;
+
+  void AddRequiresConstructorBarrier(Thread* self, const DexFile* dex_file, size_t class_def_index);
+  bool RequiresConstructorBarrier(Thread* self, const DexFile* dex_file, size_t class_def_index);
+
+  // Callbacks from compiler to see what runtime checks must be generated.
+
+  bool CanAssumeTypeIsPresentInDexCache(const DexFile& dex_file, uint32_t type_idx)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  bool CanAssumeStringIsPresentInDexCache(const DexFile& dex_file, uint32_t string_idx)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Are runtime access checks necessary in the compiled code?
+  bool CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                  uint32_t type_idx)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Are runtime access and instantiable checks necessary in the code?
+  bool CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(uint32_t referrer_idx, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                                              uint32_t type_idx)
+     LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Can we fast path instance field access? Computes field's offset and volatility.
+  bool ComputeInstanceFieldInfo(uint32_t field_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                                int& field_offset, bool& is_volatile, bool is_put)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Can we fastpath static field access? Computes field's offset, volatility and whether the
+  // field is within the referrer (which can avoid checking class initialization).
+  bool ComputeStaticFieldInfo(uint32_t field_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit,
+                              int& field_offset, int& ssb_index,
+                              bool& is_referrers_class, bool& is_volatile, bool is_put)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Can we fastpath a interface, super class or virtual method call? Computes method's vtable
+  // index.
+  bool ComputeInvokeInfo(uint32_t method_idx, OatCompilationUnit* mUnit, InvokeType& type,
+                         int& vtable_idx, uintptr_t& direct_code, uintptr_t& direct_method)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Record patch information for later fix up.
+  void AddCodePatch(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                    uint32_t referrer_method_idx,
+                    InvokeType referrer_invoke_type,
+                    uint32_t target_method_idx,
+                    InvokeType target_invoke_type,
+                    size_t literal_offset)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_methods_lock_);
+  void AddMethodPatch(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                      uint32_t referrer_method_idx,
+                      InvokeType referrer_invoke_type,
+                      uint32_t target_method_idx,
+                      InvokeType target_invoke_type,
+                      size_t literal_offset)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_methods_lock_);
+
+  void SetBitcodeFileName(std::string const& filename);
+
+  // TODO: remove when libart links against LLVM (when separate compiler library is gone)
+  bool WriteElf(std::vector<uint8_t>& oat_contents, File* file);
+  bool FixupElf(File* file, uintptr_t oat_data_begin) const;
+  void GetOatElfInformation(File* file, size_t& oat_loaded_size, size_t& oat_data_offset) const;
+
+  // TODO: move to a common home for llvm helpers once quick/portable are merged
+  static void InstructionSetToLLVMTarget(InstructionSet instruction_set,
+                                         std::string& target_triple,
+                                         std::string& target_cpu,
+                                         std::string& target_attr);
+
+  void SetCompilerContext(void* compiler_context) {
+    compiler_context_ = compiler_context;
+  }
+
+  void* GetCompilerContext() const {
+    return compiler_context_;
+  }
+
+  size_t GetThreadCount() const {
+    return thread_count_;
+  }
+
+  class PatchInformation {
+   public:
+    const DexFile& GetDexFile() const {
+      return *dex_file_;
+    }
+    uint32_t GetReferrerMethodIdx() const {
+      return referrer_method_idx_;
+    }
+    InvokeType GetReferrerInvokeType() const {
+      return referrer_invoke_type_;
+    }
+    uint32_t GetTargetMethodIdx() const {
+      return target_method_idx_;
+    }
+    InvokeType GetTargetInvokeType() const {
+      return target_invoke_type_;
+    }
+    size_t GetLiteralOffset() const {;
+      return literal_offset_;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    PatchInformation(const DexFile* dex_file,
+                     uint32_t referrer_method_idx,
+                     InvokeType referrer_invoke_type,
+                     uint32_t target_method_idx,
+                     InvokeType target_invoke_type,
+                     size_t literal_offset)
+      : dex_file_(dex_file),
+        referrer_method_idx_(referrer_method_idx),
+        referrer_invoke_type_(referrer_invoke_type),
+        target_method_idx_(target_method_idx),
+        target_invoke_type_(target_invoke_type),
+        literal_offset_(literal_offset) {
+      CHECK(dex_file_ != NULL);
+    }
+
+    const DexFile* dex_file_;
+    uint32_t referrer_method_idx_;
+    InvokeType referrer_invoke_type_;
+    uint32_t target_method_idx_;
+    InvokeType target_invoke_type_;
+    size_t literal_offset_;
+
+    friend class CompilerDriver;
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(PatchInformation);
+  };
+
+  const std::vector<const PatchInformation*>& GetCodeToPatch() const {
+    return code_to_patch_;
+  }
+  const std::vector<const PatchInformation*>& GetMethodsToPatch() const {
+    return methods_to_patch_;
+  }
+
+  // Checks if class specified by type_idx is one of the image_classes_
+  bool IsImageClass(const std::string& descriptor) const;
+
+  void RecordClassStatus(ClassReference ref, CompiledClass* compiled_class);
+
+ private:
+  // Compute constant code and method pointers when possible
+  void GetCodeAndMethodForDirectCall(InvokeType type, InvokeType sharp_type,
+                                     mirror::AbstractMethod* method,
+                                     uintptr_t& direct_code, uintptr_t& direct_method)
+      SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  void PreCompile(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                  ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  // Attempt to resolve all type, methods, fields, and strings
+  // referenced from code in the dex file following PathClassLoader
+  // ordering semantics.
+  void Resolve(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+               ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void ResolveDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                      ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  void Verify(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+              ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings);
+  void VerifyDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                     ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  void InitializeClasses(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+                         ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void InitializeClasses(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                         ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_, compiled_classes_lock_);
+
+  void Compile(jobject class_loader, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files,
+               ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings);
+  void CompileDexFile(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file,
+                      ThreadPool& thread_pool, TimingLogger& timings)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void CompileMethod(const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item, uint32_t access_flags,
+                     InvokeType invoke_type, uint32_t class_def_idx, uint32_t method_idx,
+                     jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_methods_lock_);
+
+  static void CompileClass(const CompilationContext* context, size_t class_def_index)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
+  void InsertInvokeStub(const std::string& key, const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_invoke_stub)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+
+  void InsertProxyStub(const char* shorty, const CompiledInvokeStub* compiled_proxy_stub);
+
+  std::vector<const PatchInformation*> code_to_patch_;
+  std::vector<const PatchInformation*> methods_to_patch_;
+
+  CompilerBackend compiler_backend_;
+
+  InstructionSet instruction_set_;
+
+  // All class references that require
+  mutable Mutex freezing_constructor_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
+  std::set<ClassReference> freezing_constructor_classes_ GUARDED_BY(freezing_constructor_lock_);
+
+  typedef SafeMap<const ClassReference, CompiledClass*> ClassTable;
+  // All class references that this compiler has compiled.
+  mutable Mutex compiled_classes_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
+  ClassTable compiled_classes_ GUARDED_BY(compiled_classes_lock_);
+
+  typedef SafeMap<const MethodReference, CompiledMethod*> MethodTable;
+  // All method references that this compiler has compiled.
+  mutable Mutex compiled_methods_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
+  MethodTable compiled_methods_ GUARDED_BY(compiled_methods_lock_);
+
+  typedef SafeMap<std::string, const CompiledInvokeStub*> InvokeStubTable;
+  // Invocation stubs created to allow invocation of the compiled methods.
+  mutable Mutex compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
+  InvokeStubTable compiled_invoke_stubs_ GUARDED_BY(compiled_invoke_stubs_lock_);
+
+  typedef SafeMap<std::string, const CompiledInvokeStub*> ProxyStubTable;
+  // Proxy stubs created for proxy invocation delegation
+  mutable Mutex compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
+  ProxyStubTable compiled_proxy_stubs_ GUARDED_BY(compiled_proxy_stubs_lock_);
+
+  bool image_;
+  size_t thread_count_;
+  bool support_debugging_;
+  uint64_t start_ns_;
+
+  UniquePtr<AOTCompilationStats> stats_;
+
+  bool dump_stats_;
+  bool dump_timings_;
+
+  const std::set<std::string>* image_classes_;
+
+  typedef void (*CompilerCallbackFn)(CompilerDriver& driver);
+  typedef MutexLock* (*CompilerMutexLockFn)(CompilerDriver& driver);
+
+  void* compiler_library_;
+
+  typedef CompiledMethod* (*CompilerFn)(CompilerDriver& driver,
+                                        const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item,
+                                        uint32_t access_flags, InvokeType invoke_type,
+                                        uint32_t class_dex_idx, uint32_t method_idx,
+                                        jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file);
+  CompilerFn compiler_;
+
+  void* compiler_context_;
+
+  typedef CompiledMethod* (*JniCompilerFn)(CompilerDriver& driver,
+                                           uint32_t access_flags, uint32_t method_idx,
+                                           const DexFile& dex_file);
+  JniCompilerFn jni_compiler_;
+  typedef CompiledInvokeStub* (*CreateInvokeStubFn)(CompilerDriver& driver, bool is_static,
+                                                    const char* shorty, uint32_t shorty_len);
+  CreateInvokeStubFn create_invoke_stub_;
+
+  pthread_key_t tls_key_;
+
+  typedef CompiledInvokeStub* (*CreateProxyStubFn)
+      (CompilerDriver& driver, const char* shorty, uint32_t shorty_len);
+  CreateProxyStubFn create_proxy_stub_;
+
+  typedef void (*CompilerEnableAutoElfLoadingFn)(CompilerDriver& driver);
+  CompilerEnableAutoElfLoadingFn compiler_enable_auto_elf_loading_;
+
+  typedef const void* (*CompilerGetMethodCodeAddrFn)
+      (const CompilerDriver& driver, const CompiledMethod* cm, const mirror::AbstractMethod* method);
+  CompilerGetMethodCodeAddrFn compiler_get_method_code_addr_;
+
+  typedef const mirror::AbstractMethod::InvokeStub* (*CompilerGetMethodInvokeStubAddrFn)
+      (const CompilerDriver& driver, const CompiledInvokeStub* cm, const mirror::AbstractMethod* method);
+  CompilerGetMethodInvokeStubAddrFn compiler_get_method_invoke_stub_addr_;
+
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CompilerDriver);
+};
+
+inline bool operator<(const CompilerDriver::ClassReference& lhs, const CompilerDriver::ClassReference& rhs) {
+  if (lhs.second < rhs.second) {
+    return true;
+  } else if (lhs.second > rhs.second) {
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    return (lhs.first < rhs.first);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_SRC_COMPILER_H_
diff --git a/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19ccb35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/compiler/driver/compiler_driver_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "compiler/driver/compiler_driver.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "UniquePtr.h"
+#include "class_linker.h"
+#include "common_test.h"
+#include "dex_file.h"
+#include "heap.h"
+#include "mirror/class.h"
+#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/dex_cache.h"
+#include "mirror/abstract_method-inl.h"
+#include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+class CompilerDriverTest : public CommonTest {
+ protected:
+  void CompileAll(jobject class_loader) LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    compiler_driver_->CompileAll(class_loader, Runtime::Current()->GetCompileTimeClassPath(class_loader));
+    MakeAllExecutable(class_loader);
+  }
+
+  void EnsureCompiled(jobject class_loader, const char* class_name, const char* method,
+                      const char* signature, bool is_virtual)
+      LOCKS_EXCLUDED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    CompileAll(class_loader);
+    Thread::Current()->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
+    runtime_->Start();
+    env_ = Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv();
+    class_ = env_->FindClass(class_name);
+    CHECK(class_ != NULL) << "Class not found: " << class_name;
+    if (is_virtual) {
+      mid_ = env_->GetMethodID(class_, method, signature);
+    } else {
+      mid_ = env_->GetStaticMethodID(class_, method, signature);
+    }
+    CHECK(mid_ != NULL) << "Method not found: " << class_name << "." << method << signature;
+  }
+
+  void MakeAllExecutable(jobject class_loader) {
+    const std::vector<const DexFile*>& class_path
+        = Runtime::Current()->GetCompileTimeClassPath(class_loader);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != class_path.size(); ++i) {
+      const DexFile* dex_file = class_path[i];
+      CHECK(dex_file != NULL);
+      MakeDexFileExecutable(class_loader, *dex_file);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void MakeDexFileExecutable(jobject class_loader, const DexFile& dex_file) {
+    ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file.NumClassDefs(); i++) {
+      const DexFile::ClassDef& class_def = dex_file.GetClassDef(i);
+      const char* descriptor = dex_file.GetClassDescriptor(class_def);
+      ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+      mirror::Class* c = class_linker->FindClass(descriptor, soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader*>(class_loader));
+      CHECK(c != NULL);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumDirectMethods(); i++) {
+        MakeExecutable(c->GetDirectMethod(i));
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < c->NumVirtualMethods(); i++) {
+        MakeExecutable(c->GetVirtualMethod(i));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  JNIEnv* env_;
+  jclass class_;
+  jmethodID mid_;
+};
+
+// Disabled due to 10 second runtime on host
+TEST_F(CompilerDriverTest, DISABLED_LARGE_CompileDexLibCore) {
+  CompileAll(NULL);
+
+  // All libcore references should resolve
+  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+  const DexFile* dex = java_lang_dex_file_;
+  mirror::DexCache* dex_cache = class_linker_->FindDexCache(*dex);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dex->NumStringIds(), dex_cache->NumStrings());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumStrings(); i++) {
+    const mirror::String* string = dex_cache->GetResolvedString(i);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(string != NULL) << "string_idx=" << i;
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(dex->NumTypeIds(), dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedTypes(); i++) {
+    mirror::Class* type = dex_cache->GetResolvedType(i);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(type != NULL) << "type_idx=" << i
+                              << " " << dex->GetTypeDescriptor(dex->GetTypeId(i));
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(dex->NumMethodIds(), dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedMethods(); i++) {
+    mirror::AbstractMethod* method = dex_cache->GetResolvedMethod(i);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(method != NULL) << "method_idx=" << i
+                                << " " << dex->GetMethodDeclaringClassDescriptor(dex->GetMethodId(i))
+                                << " " << dex->GetMethodName(dex->GetMethodId(i));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(method->GetCode() != NULL) << "method_idx=" << i
+                                           << " "
+                                           << dex->GetMethodDeclaringClassDescriptor(dex->GetMethodId(i))
+                                           << " " << dex->GetMethodName(dex->GetMethodId(i));
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(dex->NumFieldIds(), dex_cache->NumResolvedFields());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_cache->NumResolvedFields(); i++) {
+    mirror::Field* field = dex_cache->GetResolvedField(i);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(field != NULL) << "field_idx=" << i
+                               << " " << dex->GetFieldDeclaringClassDescriptor(dex->GetFieldId(i))
+                               << " " << dex->GetFieldName(dex->GetFieldId(i));
+  }
+
+  // TODO check Class::IsVerified for all classes
+
+  // TODO: check that all Method::GetCode() values are non-null
+}
+
+TEST_F(CompilerDriverTest, AbstractMethodErrorStub) {
+  jobject class_loader;
+  {
+    ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
+    CompileVirtualMethod(NULL, "java.lang.Class", "isFinalizable", "()Z");
+    CompileDirectMethod(NULL, "java.lang.Object", "<init>", "()V");
+    class_loader = LoadDex("AbstractMethod");
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(class_loader != NULL);
+  EnsureCompiled(class_loader, "AbstractClass", "foo", "()V", true);
+
+  // Create a jobj_ of ConcreteClass, NOT AbstractClass.
+  jclass c_class = env_->FindClass("ConcreteClass");
+  jmethodID constructor = env_->GetMethodID(c_class, "<init>", "()V");
+  jobject jobj_ = env_->NewObject(c_class, constructor);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(jobj_ != NULL);
+
+  // Force non-virtual call to AbstractClass foo, will throw AbstractMethodError exception.
+  env_->CallNonvirtualVoidMethod(jobj_, class_, mid_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(env_->ExceptionCheck(), JNI_TRUE);
+  jthrowable exception = env_->ExceptionOccurred();
+  env_->ExceptionClear();
+  jclass jlame = env_->FindClass("java/lang/AbstractMethodError");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(env_->IsInstanceOf(exception, jlame));
+  Thread::Current()->ClearException();
+}
+
+// TODO: need check-cast test (when stub complete & we can throw/catch
+
+}  // namespace art