Merge "Improve search for available spill slots in RA"
diff --git a/compiler/Android.mk b/compiler/Android.mk
index 02c176c..2666835 100644
--- a/compiler/Android.mk
+++ b/compiler/Android.mk
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 	optimizing/ssa_liveness_analysis.cc \
 	optimizing/ssa_phi_elimination.cc \
 	optimizing/stack_map_stream.cc \
+	optimizing/x86_memory_gen.cc \
 	trampolines/trampoline_compiler.cc \
 	utils/assembler.cc \
 	utils/swap_space.cc \
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
index 4520f9b..d40e2b9 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator.cc
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@
 void CodeGenerator::CreateCommonInvokeLocationSummary(
     HInvoke* invoke, InvokeDexCallingConventionVisitor* visitor) {
   ArenaAllocator* allocator = invoke->GetBlock()->GetGraph()->GetArena();
-  LocationSummary* locations = new (allocator) LocationSummary(invoke, LocationSummary::kCall);
+  LocationSummary* locations = new (allocator) LocationSummary(invoke,
+                                                               LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < invoke->GetNumberOfArguments(); i++) {
     HInstruction* input = invoke->InputAt(i);
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@
 
   ArenaAllocator* allocator = field_access->GetBlock()->GetGraph()->GetArena();
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (allocator) LocationSummary(field_access, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (allocator) LocationSummary(field_access, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
 
   locations->AddTemp(calling_convention.GetFieldIndexLocation());
 
@@ -499,7 +500,7 @@
                                                    bool code_generator_supports_read_barrier) {
   ArenaAllocator* allocator = cls->GetBlock()->GetGraph()->GetArena();
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = cls->NeedsAccessCheck()
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : (((code_generator_supports_read_barrier && kEmitCompilerReadBarrier) ||
           cls->CanCallRuntime())
             ? LocationSummary::kCallOnSlowPath
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
index 690ecc3..97645f3 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
@@ -2014,7 +2014,7 @@
       (((input_type == Primitive::kPrimFloat || input_type == Primitive::kPrimDouble)
         && result_type == Primitive::kPrimLong)
        || (input_type == Primitive::kPrimLong && result_type == Primitive::kPrimFloat))
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations =
       new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(conversion, call_kind);
@@ -2833,13 +2833,13 @@
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   if (div->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimLong) {
     // pLdiv runtime call.
-    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCall;
+    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly;
   } else if (div->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimInt && div->InputAt(1)->IsConstant()) {
     // sdiv will be replaced by other instruction sequence.
   } else if (div->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimInt &&
              !codegen_->GetInstructionSetFeatures().HasDivideInstruction()) {
     // pIdivmod runtime call.
-    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCall;
+    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly;
   }
 
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(div, call_kind);
@@ -2958,7 +2958,7 @@
   Primitive::Type type = rem->GetResultType();
 
   // Most remainders are implemented in the runtime.
-  LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = LocationSummary::kCall;
+  LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly;
   if (rem->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimInt && rem->InputAt(1)->IsConstant()) {
     // sdiv will be replaced by other instruction sequence.
     call_kind = LocationSummary::kNoCall;
@@ -3495,7 +3495,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(kMethodRegisterArgument));
   } else {
@@ -3528,7 +3528,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(R0));
@@ -5449,7 +5449,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -5850,7 +5850,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -6277,21 +6277,12 @@
   // /* LockWord */ lock_word = LockWord(monitor)
   static_assert(sizeof(LockWord) == sizeof(int32_t),
                 "art::LockWord and int32_t have different sizes.");
-  // /* uint32_t */ rb_state = lock_word.ReadBarrierState()
-  __ Lsr(temp_reg, temp_reg, LockWord::kReadBarrierStateShift);
-  __ and_(temp_reg, temp_reg, ShifterOperand(LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask));
-  static_assert(
-      LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask == ReadBarrier::rb_ptr_mask_,
-      "art::LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask is not equal to art::ReadBarrier::rb_ptr_mask_.");
 
-  // Introduce a dependency on the high bits of rb_state, which shall
-  // be all zeroes, to prevent load-load reordering, and without using
+  // Introduce a dependency on the lock_word including the rb_state,
+  // which shall prevent load-load reordering without using
   // a memory barrier (which would be more expensive).
-  // IP = rb_state & ~LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask = 0
-  __ bic(IP, temp_reg, ShifterOperand(LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask));
-  // obj is unchanged by this operation, but its value now depends on
-  // IP, which depends on temp_reg.
-  __ add(obj, obj, ShifterOperand(IP));
+  // obj is unchanged by this operation, but its value now depends on temp_reg.
+  __ add(obj, obj, ShifterOperand(temp_reg, LSR, 32));
 
   // The actual reference load.
   if (index.IsValid()) {
@@ -6328,8 +6319,14 @@
 
   // if (rb_state == ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_)
   //   ref = ReadBarrier::Mark(ref);
-  __ cmp(temp_reg, ShifterOperand(ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_));
-  __ b(slow_path->GetEntryLabel(), EQ);
+  // Given the numeric representation, it's enough to check the low bit of the
+  // rb_state. We do that by shifting the bit out of the lock word with LSRS
+  // which can be a 16-bit instruction unlike the TST immediate.
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::white_ptr_ == 0, "Expecting white to have value 0");
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_ == 1, "Expecting gray to have value 1");
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::black_ptr_ == 2, "Expecting black to have value 2");
+  __ Lsrs(temp_reg, temp_reg, LockWord::kReadBarrierStateShift + 1);
+  __ b(slow_path->GetEntryLabel(), CS);  // Carry flag is the last bit shifted out by LSRS.
   __ Bind(slow_path->GetExitLabel());
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.cc
index c8d33d5..7cdcea2 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm64.cc
@@ -4273,7 +4273,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM64::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -4371,7 +4371,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM64::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(LocationFrom(x0));
@@ -4396,7 +4396,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM64::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(LocationFrom(kArtMethodRegister));
@@ -4549,7 +4549,8 @@
 void LocationsBuilderARM64::VisitRem(HRem* rem) {
   Primitive::Type type = rem->GetResultType();
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind =
-      Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(type) ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
+      Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(type) ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
+                                           : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(rem, call_kind);
 
   switch (type) {
@@ -4766,7 +4767,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderARM64::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -5206,23 +5207,12 @@
   // /* LockWord */ lock_word = LockWord(monitor)
   static_assert(sizeof(LockWord) == sizeof(int32_t),
                 "art::LockWord and int32_t have different sizes.");
-  // /* uint32_t */ rb_state = lock_word.ReadBarrierState()
-  __ Lsr(temp, temp, LockWord::kReadBarrierStateShift);
-  __ And(temp, temp, Operand(LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask));
-  static_assert(
-      LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask == ReadBarrier::rb_ptr_mask_,
-      "art::LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask is not equal to art::ReadBarrier::rb_ptr_mask_.");
 
-  // Introduce a dependency on the high bits of rb_state, which shall
-  // be all zeroes, to prevent load-load reordering, and without using
+  // Introduce a dependency on the lock_word including rb_state,
+  // to prevent load-load reordering, and without using
   // a memory barrier (which would be more expensive).
-  // temp2 = rb_state & ~LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask = 0
-  Register temp2 = temps.AcquireW();
-  __ Bic(temp2, temp, Operand(LockWord::kReadBarrierStateMask));
-  // obj is unchanged by this operation, but its value now depends on
-  // temp2, which depends on temp.
-  __ Add(obj, obj, Operand(temp2));
-  temps.Release(temp2);
+  // obj is unchanged by this operation, but its value now depends on temp.
+  __ Add(obj.X(), obj.X(), Operand(temp.X(), LSR, 32));
 
   // The actual reference load.
   if (index.IsValid()) {
@@ -5248,7 +5238,7 @@
         uint32_t computed_offset = offset + (Int64ConstantFrom(index) << scale_factor);
         Load(type, ref_reg, HeapOperand(obj, computed_offset));
       } else {
-        temp2 = temps.AcquireW();
+        Register temp2 = temps.AcquireW();
         __ Add(temp2, obj, offset);
         Load(type, ref_reg, HeapOperand(temp2, XRegisterFrom(index), LSL, scale_factor));
         temps.Release(temp2);
@@ -5274,8 +5264,11 @@
 
   // if (rb_state == ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_)
   //   ref = ReadBarrier::Mark(ref);
-  __ Cmp(temp, ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_);
-  __ B(eq, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
+  // Given the numeric representation, it's enough to check the low bit of the rb_state.
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::white_ptr_ == 0, "Expecting white to have value 0");
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::gray_ptr_ == 1, "Expecting gray to have value 1");
+  static_assert(ReadBarrier::black_ptr_ == 2, "Expecting black to have value 2");
+  __ Tbnz(temp, LockWord::kReadBarrierStateShift, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
   __ Bind(slow_path->GetExitLabel());
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips.cc
index b6dca95..1038b2d 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips.cc
@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@
   bool needs_runtime_call = instruction->NeedsTypeCheck();
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(
       instruction,
-      needs_runtime_call ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
+      needs_runtime_call ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
   if (needs_runtime_call) {
     InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
     locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -2467,7 +2467,7 @@
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitDiv(HDiv* div) {
   Primitive::Type type = div->GetResultType();
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = (type == Primitive::kPrimLong)
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
 
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(div, call_kind);
@@ -3430,7 +3430,7 @@
   bool is_wide = (field_type == Primitive::kPrimLong) || (field_type == Primitive::kPrimDouble);
   bool generate_volatile = field_info.IsVolatile() && is_wide;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(
-      instruction, generate_volatile ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
+      instruction, generate_volatile ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
 
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
   if (generate_volatile) {
@@ -3557,7 +3557,7 @@
   bool is_wide = (field_type == Primitive::kPrimLong) || (field_type == Primitive::kPrimDouble);
   bool generate_volatile = field_info.IsVolatile() && is_wide;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(
-      instruction, generate_volatile ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
+      instruction, generate_volatile ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
 
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
   if (generate_volatile) {
@@ -4218,7 +4218,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -4397,7 +4397,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(2)));
@@ -4423,7 +4423,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(kMethodRegisterArgument));
@@ -4593,7 +4593,7 @@
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitRem(HRem* rem) {
   Primitive::Type type = rem->GetResultType();
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind =
-      (type == Primitive::kPrimInt) ? LocationSummary::kNoCall : LocationSummary::kCall;
+      (type == Primitive::kPrimInt) ? LocationSummary::kNoCall : LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(rem, call_kind);
 
   switch (type) {
@@ -4830,7 +4830,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -4859,7 +4859,7 @@
   if (!isR6 &&
       ((Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(result_type) && input_type == Primitive::kPrimLong) ||
        (result_type == Primitive::kPrimLong && Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(input_type)))) {
-    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCall;
+    call_kind = LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly;
   }
 
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(conversion, call_kind);
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips64.cc
index 9f2664c..aa1ba84 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_mips64.cc
@@ -1436,7 +1436,7 @@
   bool needs_runtime_call = instruction->NeedsTypeCheck();
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(
       instruction,
-      needs_runtime_call ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
+      needs_runtime_call ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly : LocationSummary::kNoCall);
   if (needs_runtime_call) {
     InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
     locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -3292,7 +3292,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(calling_convention.GetReturnLocation(Primitive::kPrimNot));
@@ -3440,7 +3440,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(kMethodRegisterArgument));
@@ -3600,7 +3600,8 @@
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitRem(HRem* rem) {
   Primitive::Type type = rem->GetResultType();
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind =
-      Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(type) ? LocationSummary::kCall : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
+      Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(type) ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
+                                           : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(rem, call_kind);
 
   switch (type) {
@@ -3813,7 +3814,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
index be20f1f..3f69d0b 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
@@ -140,12 +140,29 @@
       // Live registers will be restored in the catch block if caught.
       SaveLiveRegisters(codegen, instruction_->GetLocations());
     }
+
+    // Are we using an array length from memory?
+    HInstruction* array_length = instruction_->InputAt(1);
+    Location length_loc = locations->InAt(1);
     InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
+    if (array_length->IsArrayLength() && array_length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+      // Load the array length into our temporary.
+      uint32_t len_offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(array_length->AsArrayLength());
+      Location array_loc = array_length->GetLocations()->InAt(0);
+      Address array_len(array_loc.AsRegister<Register>(), len_offset);
+      length_loc = Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(1));
+      // Check for conflicts with index.
+      if (length_loc.Equals(locations->InAt(0))) {
+        // We know we aren't using parameter 2.
+        length_loc = Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(2));
+      }
+      __ movl(length_loc.AsRegister<Register>(), array_len);
+    }
     x86_codegen->EmitParallelMoves(
         locations->InAt(0),
         Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)),
         Primitive::kPrimInt,
-        locations->InAt(1),
+        length_loc,
         Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(1)),
         Primitive::kPrimInt);
     uint32_t entry_point_offset = instruction_->AsBoundsCheck()->IsStringCharAt()
@@ -2185,7 +2202,7 @@
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind =
       ((input_type == Primitive::kPrimFloat || input_type == Primitive::kPrimDouble)
        && result_type == Primitive::kPrimLong)
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations =
       new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(conversion, call_kind);
@@ -3440,7 +3457,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitDiv(HDiv* div) {
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = (div->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimLong)
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(div, call_kind);
 
@@ -3543,7 +3560,7 @@
   Primitive::Type type = rem->GetResultType();
 
   LocationSummary::CallKind call_kind = (rem->GetResultType() == Primitive::kPrimLong)
-      ? LocationSummary::kCall
+      ? LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(rem, call_kind);
 
@@ -3985,7 +4002,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(EAX));
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(kMethodRegisterArgument));
@@ -4018,7 +4035,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(EAX));
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -5517,10 +5534,16 @@
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitArrayLength(HArrayLength* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction);
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
-  locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+  if (!instruction->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+  }
 }
 
 void InstructionCodeGeneratorX86::VisitArrayLength(HArrayLength* instruction) {
+  if (instruction->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   LocationSummary* locations = instruction->GetLocations();
   uint32_t offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(instruction);
   Register obj = locations->InAt(0).AsRegister<Register>();
@@ -5535,7 +5558,10 @@
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, call_kind);
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterOrConstant(instruction->InputAt(0)));
-  locations->SetInAt(1, Location::RegisterOrConstant(instruction->InputAt(1)));
+  HInstruction* length = instruction->InputAt(1);
+  if (!length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    locations->SetInAt(1, Location::RegisterOrConstant(instruction->InputAt(1)));
+  }
   if (instruction->HasUses()) {
     locations->SetOut(Location::SameAsFirstInput());
   }
@@ -5569,12 +5595,28 @@
     codegen_->AddSlowPath(slow_path);
     __ j(kAboveEqual, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
   } else {
-    Register length = length_loc.AsRegister<Register>();
-    if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
-      int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
-      __ cmpl(length, Immediate(value));
+    HInstruction* array_length = instruction->InputAt(1);
+    if (array_length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+      // Address the length field in the array.
+      DCHECK(array_length->IsArrayLength());
+      uint32_t len_offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(array_length->AsArrayLength());
+      Location array_loc = array_length->GetLocations()->InAt(0);
+      Address array_len(array_loc.AsRegister<Register>(), len_offset);
+      if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
+        int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
+        __ cmpl(array_len, Immediate(value));
+      } else {
+        __ cmpl(array_len, index_loc.AsRegister<Register>());
+      }
+      codegen_->MaybeRecordImplicitNullCheck(array_length);
     } else {
-      __ cmpl(length, index_loc.AsRegister<Register>());
+      Register length = length_loc.AsRegister<Register>();
+      if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
+        int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
+        __ cmpl(length, Immediate(value));
+      } else {
+        __ cmpl(length, index_loc.AsRegister<Register>());
+      }
     }
     codegen_->AddSlowPath(slow_path);
     __ j(kBelowEqual, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
@@ -6242,7 +6284,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -6694,7 +6736,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
index cac33cd..32e8ee9 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
@@ -194,14 +194,31 @@
       // Live registers will be restored in the catch block if caught.
       SaveLiveRegisters(codegen, instruction_->GetLocations());
     }
+    // Are we using an array length from memory?
+    HInstruction* array_length = instruction_->InputAt(1);
+    Location length_loc = locations->InAt(1);
+    InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
+    if (array_length->IsArrayLength() && array_length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+      // Load the array length into our temporary.
+      uint32_t len_offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(array_length->AsArrayLength());
+      Location array_loc = array_length->GetLocations()->InAt(0);
+      Address array_len(array_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>(), len_offset);
+      length_loc = Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(1));
+      // Check for conflicts with index.
+      if (length_loc.Equals(locations->InAt(0))) {
+        // We know we aren't using parameter 2.
+        length_loc = Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(2));
+      }
+      __ movl(length_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>(), array_len);
+    }
+
     // We're moving two locations to locations that could overlap, so we need a parallel
     // move resolver.
-    InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
     codegen->EmitParallelMoves(
         locations->InAt(0),
         Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)),
         Primitive::kPrimInt,
-        locations->InAt(1),
+        length_loc,
         Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(1)),
         Primitive::kPrimInt);
     uint32_t entry_point_offset = instruction_->AsBoundsCheck()->IsStringCharAt()
@@ -3913,7 +3930,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitNewInstance(HNewInstance* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   if (instruction->IsStringAlloc()) {
     locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(kMethodRegisterArgument));
@@ -3946,7 +3963,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitNewArray(HNewArray* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->AddTemp(Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(RAX));
@@ -4987,10 +5004,16 @@
   LocationSummary* locations =
       new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kNoCall);
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
-  locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+  if (!instruction->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+  }
 }
 
 void InstructionCodeGeneratorX86_64::VisitArrayLength(HArrayLength* instruction) {
+  if (instruction->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   LocationSummary* locations = instruction->GetLocations();
   uint32_t offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(instruction);
   CpuRegister obj = locations->InAt(0).AsRegister<CpuRegister>();
@@ -5005,7 +5028,10 @@
       : LocationSummary::kNoCall;
   LocationSummary* locations = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, call_kind);
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterOrConstant(instruction->InputAt(0)));
-  locations->SetInAt(1, Location::RegisterOrConstant(instruction->InputAt(1)));
+  HInstruction* length = instruction->InputAt(1);
+  if (!length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+    locations->SetInAt(1, Location::RegisterOrConstant(length));
+  }
   if (instruction->HasUses()) {
     locations->SetOut(Location::SameAsFirstInput());
   }
@@ -5015,8 +5041,7 @@
   LocationSummary* locations = instruction->GetLocations();
   Location index_loc = locations->InAt(0);
   Location length_loc = locations->InAt(1);
-  SlowPathCode* slow_path =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) BoundsCheckSlowPathX86_64(instruction);
+  SlowPathCode* slow_path = new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) BoundsCheckSlowPathX86_64(instruction);
 
   if (length_loc.IsConstant()) {
     int32_t length = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(length_loc.GetConstant());
@@ -5039,12 +5064,28 @@
     codegen_->AddSlowPath(slow_path);
     __ j(kAboveEqual, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
   } else {
-    CpuRegister length = length_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>();
-    if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
-      int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
-      __ cmpl(length, Immediate(value));
+    HInstruction* array_length = instruction->InputAt(1);
+    if (array_length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+      // Address the length field in the array.
+      DCHECK(array_length->IsArrayLength());
+      uint32_t len_offset = CodeGenerator::GetArrayLengthOffset(array_length->AsArrayLength());
+      Location array_loc = array_length->GetLocations()->InAt(0);
+      Address array_len(array_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>(), len_offset);
+      if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
+        int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
+        __ cmpl(array_len, Immediate(value));
+      } else {
+        __ cmpl(array_len, index_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>());
+      }
+      codegen_->MaybeRecordImplicitNullCheck(array_length);
     } else {
-      __ cmpl(length, index_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>());
+      CpuRegister length = length_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>();
+      if (index_loc.IsConstant()) {
+        int32_t value = CodeGenerator::GetInt32ValueOf(index_loc.GetConstant());
+        __ cmpl(length, Immediate(value));
+      } else {
+        __ cmpl(length, index_loc.AsRegister<CpuRegister>());
+      }
     }
     codegen_->AddSlowPath(slow_path);
     __ j(kBelowEqual, slow_path->GetEntryLabel());
@@ -5654,7 +5695,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitThrow(HThrow* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
@@ -6164,7 +6205,7 @@
 
 void LocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitMonitorOperation(HMonitorOperation* instruction) {
   LocationSummary* locations =
-      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCall);
+      new (GetGraph()->GetArena()) LocationSummary(instruction, LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
 }
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/graph_visualizer.cc b/compiler/optimizing/graph_visualizer.cc
index 9d67373..e14f603 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/graph_visualizer.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/graph_visualizer.cc
@@ -401,6 +401,9 @@
   void VisitArrayLength(HArrayLength* array_length) OVERRIDE {
     StartAttributeStream("is_string_length") << std::boolalpha
         << array_length->IsStringLength() << std::noboolalpha;
+    if (array_length->IsEmittedAtUseSite()) {
+      StartAttributeStream("emitted_at_use") << "true";
+    }
   }
 
   void VisitBoundsCheck(HBoundsCheck* bounds_check) OVERRIDE {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_simplifier.cc b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_simplifier.cc
index e0410dc..4ca0600 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/instruction_simplifier.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/instruction_simplifier.cc
@@ -920,6 +920,7 @@
 void InstructionSimplifierVisitor::VisitAdd(HAdd* instruction) {
   HConstant* input_cst = instruction->GetConstantRight();
   HInstruction* input_other = instruction->GetLeastConstantLeft();
+  bool integral_type = Primitive::IsIntegralType(instruction->GetType());
   if ((input_cst != nullptr) && input_cst->IsArithmeticZero()) {
     // Replace code looking like
     //    ADD dst, src, 0
@@ -928,7 +929,7 @@
     // Note that we cannot optimize `x + 0.0` to `x` for floating-point. When
     // `x` is `-0.0`, the former expression yields `0.0`, while the later
     // yields `-0.0`.
-    if (Primitive::IsIntegralType(instruction->GetType())) {
+    if (integral_type) {
       instruction->ReplaceWith(input_other);
       instruction->GetBlock()->RemoveInstruction(instruction);
       RecordSimplification();
@@ -974,10 +975,31 @@
   // so no need to return.
   TryHandleAssociativeAndCommutativeOperation(instruction);
 
-  if ((instruction->GetLeft()->IsSub() || instruction->GetRight()->IsSub()) &&
+  if ((left->IsSub() || right->IsSub()) &&
       TrySubtractionChainSimplification(instruction)) {
     return;
   }
+
+  if (integral_type) {
+    // Replace code patterns looking like
+    //    SUB dst1, x, y        SUB dst1, x, y
+    //    ADD dst2, dst1, y     ADD dst2, y, dst1
+    // with
+    //    SUB dst1, x, y
+    // ADD instruction is not needed in this case, we may use
+    // one of inputs of SUB instead.
+    if (left->IsSub() && left->InputAt(1) == right) {
+      instruction->ReplaceWith(left->InputAt(0));
+      RecordSimplification();
+      instruction->GetBlock()->RemoveInstruction(instruction);
+      return;
+    } else if (right->IsSub() && right->InputAt(1) == left) {
+      instruction->ReplaceWith(right->InputAt(0));
+      RecordSimplification();
+      instruction->GetBlock()->RemoveInstruction(instruction);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 void InstructionSimplifierVisitor::VisitAnd(HAnd* instruction) {
@@ -1511,6 +1533,29 @@
   if (TrySubtractionChainSimplification(instruction)) {
     return;
   }
+
+  if (left->IsAdd()) {
+    // Replace code patterns looking like
+    //    ADD dst1, x, y        ADD dst1, x, y
+    //    SUB dst2, dst1, y     SUB dst2, dst1, x
+    // with
+    //    ADD dst1, x, y
+    // SUB instruction is not needed in this case, we may use
+    // one of inputs of ADD instead.
+    // It is applicable to integral types only.
+    DCHECK(Primitive::IsIntegralType(type));
+    if (left->InputAt(1) == right) {
+      instruction->ReplaceWith(left->InputAt(0));
+      RecordSimplification();
+      instruction->GetBlock()->RemoveInstruction(instruction);
+      return;
+    } else if (left->InputAt(0) == right) {
+      instruction->ReplaceWith(left->InputAt(1));
+      RecordSimplification();
+      instruction->GetBlock()->RemoveInstruction(instruction);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 void InstructionSimplifierVisitor::VisitUShr(HUShr* instruction) {
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm.cc
index 579fb9d..bbdcee4 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm.cc
@@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM::VisitStringIndexOf(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime calling convention. So it's
   // best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM::VisitStringIndexOfAfter(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime calling convention. So it's
   // best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@
   DCHECK_EQ(invoke->GetType(), Primitive::kPrimDouble);
 
   LocationSummary* const locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                                 LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                                 LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                                  kIntrinsified);
   const InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
 
@@ -1692,7 +1692,7 @@
   DCHECK_EQ(invoke->GetType(), Primitive::kPrimDouble);
 
   LocationSummary* const locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                                 LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                                 LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                                  kIntrinsified);
   const InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm64.cc
index 1d50753..16438a7 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_arm64.cc
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM64::VisitStringIndexOf(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime calling convention. So it's
   // best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM64::VisitStringIndexOfAfter(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime calling convention. So it's
   // best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM64::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM64::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderARM64::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, LocationFrom(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@
   DCHECK(Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(invoke->GetType()));
 
   LocationSummary* const locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                                 LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                                 LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                                  kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
 
@@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@
   DCHECK(Primitive::IsFloatingPointType(invoke->GetType()));
 
   LocationSummary* const locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                                 LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                                 LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                                  kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips.cc
index d4f44d6..0bfa025 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips.cc
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.compareTo(String anotherString)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringCompareTo(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -2071,7 +2071,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.indexOf(int ch)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringIndexOf(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime
   // calling convention. So it's best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -2096,7 +2096,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringIndexOfAfter(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime
   // calling convention. So it's best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromBytes(byte[] data, int high, int offset, int byteCount)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -2155,7 +2155,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromChars(int offset, int charCount, char[] data)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -2187,7 +2187,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromString(String toCopy)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips64.cc
index cc4971b..a9807bd 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_mips64.cc
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.compareTo(String anotherString)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringCompareTo(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1707,7 +1707,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.indexOf(int ch)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringIndexOf(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime
   // calling convention. So it's best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1728,7 +1728,7 @@
 // int java.lang.String.indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringIndexOfAfter(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   // We have a hand-crafted assembly stub that follows the runtime
   // calling convention. So it's best to align the inputs accordingly.
@@ -1748,7 +1748,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromBytes(byte[] data, int high, int offset, int byteCount)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromChars(int offset, int charCount, char[] data)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@
 // java.lang.StringFactory.newStringFromString(String toCopy)
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderMIPS64::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86.cc
index 812bdf5..6c81421 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86.cc
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@
 
   // We have to fall back to a call to the intrinsic.
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall);
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::FpuRegisterLocation(XMM0));
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
 
   // We have to fall back to a call to the intrinsic.
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall);
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(EAX));
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@
 static void CreateFPToFPCallLocations(ArenaAllocator* arena,
                                       HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                            kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::FpuRegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@
 static void CreateFPFPToFPCallLocations(ArenaAllocator* arena,
                                         HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                            kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::FpuRegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86::VisitStringCompareTo(HInvoke* invoke) {
   // The inputs plus one temp.
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1518,7 +1518,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1543,7 +1543,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86_64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86_64.cc
index 891aaf5..28f1f4f 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86_64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/intrinsics_x86_64.cc
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
 
   // We have to fall back to a call to the intrinsic.
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall);
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::FpuRegisterLocation(XMM0));
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@
 
   // We have to fall back to a call to the intrinsic.
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall);
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
   locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterLocation(RAX));
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
 static void CreateFPToFPCallLocations(ArenaAllocator* arena,
                                       HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                            kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::FpuRegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@
 static void CreateFPFPToFPCallLocations(ArenaAllocator* arena,
                                         HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                           LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                           LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                            kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::FpuRegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetFpuRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitStringCompareTo(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitStringNewStringFromBytes(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitStringNewStringFromChars(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
@@ -1632,7 +1632,7 @@
 
 void IntrinsicLocationsBuilderX86_64::VisitStringNewStringFromString(HInvoke* invoke) {
   LocationSummary* locations = new (arena_) LocationSummary(invoke,
-                                                            LocationSummary::kCall,
+                                                            LocationSummary::kCallOnMainOnly,
                                                             kIntrinsified);
   InvokeRuntimeCallingConvention calling_convention;
   locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(calling_convention.GetRegisterAt(0)));
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/locations.h b/compiler/optimizing/locations.h
index 3f27c91..7a78bfd 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/locations.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/locations.h
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@
   enum CallKind {
     kNoCall,
     kCallOnSlowPath,
-    kCall
+    kCallOnMainOnly
   };
 
   LocationSummary(HInstruction* instruction,
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
   Location Out() const { return output_; }
 
   bool CanCall() const { return call_kind_ != kNoCall; }
-  bool WillCall() const { return call_kind_ == kCall; }
+  bool WillCall() const { return call_kind_ == kCallOnMainOnly; }
   bool OnlyCallsOnSlowPath() const { return call_kind_ == kCallOnSlowPath; }
   bool NeedsSafepoint() const { return CanCall(); }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
index d703b0f..d6e09d7 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@
 #include "pc_relative_fixups_x86.h"
 #endif
 
+#if defined(ART_ENABLE_CODEGEN_x86) || defined(ART_ENABLE_CODEGEN_x86_64)
+#include "x86_memory_gen.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "art_method-inl.h"
 #include "base/arena_allocator.h"
 #include "base/arena_containers.h"
@@ -485,13 +489,27 @@
     case kX86: {
       x86::PcRelativeFixups* pc_relative_fixups =
           new (arena) x86::PcRelativeFixups(graph, codegen, stats);
+      x86::X86MemoryOperandGeneration* memory_gen =
+          new(arena) x86::X86MemoryOperandGeneration(graph, stats, codegen);
       HOptimization* x86_optimizations[] = {
-          pc_relative_fixups
+          pc_relative_fixups,
+          memory_gen
       };
       RunOptimizations(x86_optimizations, arraysize(x86_optimizations), pass_observer);
       break;
     }
 #endif
+#ifdef ART_ENABLE_CODEGEN_x86_64
+    case kX86_64: {
+      x86::X86MemoryOperandGeneration* memory_gen =
+          new(arena) x86::X86MemoryOperandGeneration(graph, stats, codegen);
+      HOptimization* x86_64_optimizations[] = {
+          memory_gen
+      };
+      RunOptimizations(x86_64_optimizations, arraysize(x86_64_optimizations), pass_observer);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
     default:
       break;
   }
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.cc b/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..195159f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "x86_memory_gen.h"
+#include "code_generator.h"
+
+namespace art {
+namespace x86 {
+
+/**
+ * Replace instructions with memory operand forms.
+ */
+class MemoryOperandVisitor : public HGraphVisitor {
+ public:
+  MemoryOperandVisitor(HGraph* graph, bool do_implicit_null_checks)
+      : HGraphVisitor(graph),
+        do_implicit_null_checks_(do_implicit_null_checks) {}
+
+ private:
+  void VisitBoundsCheck(HBoundsCheck* check) OVERRIDE {
+    // Replace the length by the array itself, so that we can do compares to memory.
+    HArrayLength* array_len = check->InputAt(1)->AsArrayLength();
+
+    // We only want to replace an ArrayLength.
+    if (array_len == nullptr) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    HInstruction* array = array_len->InputAt(0);
+    DCHECK_EQ(array->GetType(), Primitive::kPrimNot);
+
+    // Don't apply this optimization when the array is nullptr.
+    if (array->IsConstant() || (array->IsNullCheck() && array->InputAt(0)->IsConstant())) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Is there a null check that could be an implicit check?
+    if (array->IsNullCheck() && do_implicit_null_checks_) {
+      // The ArrayLen may generate the implicit null check.  Can the
+      // bounds check do so as well?
+      if (array_len->GetNextDisregardingMoves() != check) {
+        // No, it won't.  Leave as is.
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Can we suppress the ArrayLength and generate at BoundCheck?
+    if (array_len->HasOnlyOneNonEnvironmentUse()) {
+      array_len->MarkEmittedAtUseSite();
+      // We need the ArrayLength just before the BoundsCheck.
+      array_len->MoveBefore(check);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool do_implicit_null_checks_;
+};
+
+X86MemoryOperandGeneration::X86MemoryOperandGeneration(HGraph* graph,
+                                                       OptimizingCompilerStats* stats,
+                                                       CodeGenerator* codegen)
+    : HOptimization(graph, kX86MemoryOperandGenerationPassName, stats),
+      do_implicit_null_checks_(codegen->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitNullChecks()) {
+}
+
+void X86MemoryOperandGeneration::Run() {
+  MemoryOperandVisitor visitor(graph_, do_implicit_null_checks_);
+  visitor.VisitInsertionOrder();
+}
+
+}  // namespace x86
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.h b/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e88681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/x86_memory_gen.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_X86_MEMORY_GEN_H_
+#define ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_X86_MEMORY_GEN_H_
+
+#include "nodes.h"
+#include "optimization.h"
+
+namespace art {
+class CodeGenerator;
+
+namespace x86 {
+
+class X86MemoryOperandGeneration : public HOptimization {
+ public:
+  X86MemoryOperandGeneration(HGraph* graph,
+                             OptimizingCompilerStats* stats,
+                             CodeGenerator* codegen);
+
+  void Run() OVERRIDE;
+
+  static constexpr const char* kX86MemoryOperandGenerationPassName =
+          "x86_memory_operand_generation";
+
+ private:
+  bool do_implicit_null_checks_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace x86
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_X86_MEMORY_GEN_H_
diff --git a/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc b/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
index c133980..8d20e5b 100644
--- a/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
+++ b/dex2oat/dex2oat.cc
@@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@
           location.c_str(), location.c_str(), kVerifyChecksum, &error_msg, opened_dex_files)) {
         // If we fail to open the dex file because it's been stripped, try to open the dex file
         // from its corresponding oat file.
-        OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(location.c_str(), isa, false, false);
+        OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(location.c_str(), isa, false);
         std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file(oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile());
         if (oat_file == nullptr) {
           LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open dex file and associated oat file for '" << location
diff --git a/dexdump/dexdump.cc b/dexdump/dexdump.cc
index 48b773e..96c3267 100644
--- a/dexdump/dexdump.cc
+++ b/dexdump/dexdump.cc
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
  * "[I" becomes "int[]".  Also converts '$' to '.', which means this
  * form can't be converted back to a descriptor.
  */
-static char* descriptorToDot(const char* str) {
+static std::unique_ptr<char[]> descriptorToDot(const char* str) {
   int targetLen = strlen(str);
   int offset = 0;
 
@@ -145,8 +145,7 @@
   }
 
   // Copy class name over.
-  char* newStr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(
-      malloc(targetLen + arrayDepth * 2 + 1));
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> newStr(new char[targetLen + arrayDepth * 2 + 1]);
   int i = 0;
   for (; i < targetLen; i++) {
     const char ch = str[offset + i];
@@ -165,12 +164,10 @@
 
 /*
  * Converts the class name portion of a type descriptor to human-readable
- * "dotted" form.
- *
- * Returns a newly-allocated string.
+ * "dotted" form. For example, "Ljava/lang/String;" becomes "String".
  */
-static char* descriptorClassToDot(const char* str) {
-  // Reduce to just the class name, trimming trailing ';'.
+static std::unique_ptr<char[]> descriptorClassToDot(const char* str) {
+  // Reduce to just the class name prefix.
   const char* lastSlash = strrchr(str, '/');
   if (lastSlash == nullptr) {
     lastSlash = str + 1;  // start past 'L'
@@ -178,13 +175,14 @@
     lastSlash++;          // start past '/'
   }
 
-  char* newStr = strdup(lastSlash);
-  newStr[strlen(lastSlash) - 1] = '\0';
-  for (char* cp = newStr; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
-    if (*cp == '$') {
-      *cp = '.';
-    }
+  // Copy class name over, trimming trailing ';'.
+  const int targetLen = strlen(lastSlash);
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> newStr(new char[targetLen]);
+  for (int i = 0; i < targetLen - 1; i++) {
+    const char ch = lastSlash[i];
+    newStr[i] = ch == '$' ? '.' : ch;
   }  // for
+  newStr[targetLen - 1] = '\0';
   return newStr;
 }
 
@@ -723,9 +721,8 @@
   if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_PLAIN) {
     fprintf(gOutFile, "    #%d              : '%s'\n", i, interfaceName);
   } else {
-    char* dotted = descriptorToDot(interfaceName);
-    fprintf(gOutFile, "<implements name=\"%s\">\n</implements>\n", dotted);
-    free(dotted);
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorToDot(interfaceName));
+    fprintf(gOutFile, "<implements name=\"%s\">\n</implements>\n", dot.get());
   }
 }
 
@@ -777,15 +774,13 @@
 
 /*
  * Helper for dumpInstruction(), which builds the string
- * representation for the index in the given instruction. This will
- * first try to use the given buffer, but if the result won't fit,
- * then this will allocate a new buffer to hold the result. A pointer
- * to the buffer which holds the full result is always returned, and
- * this can be compared with the one passed in, to see if the result
- * needs to be free()d.
+ * representation for the index in the given instruction.
+ * Returns a pointer to a buffer of sufficient size.
  */
-static char* indexString(const DexFile* pDexFile,
-                         const Instruction* pDecInsn, char* buf, size_t bufSize) {
+static std::unique_ptr<char[]> indexString(const DexFile* pDexFile,
+                                           const Instruction* pDecInsn,
+                                           size_t bufSize) {
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[bufSize]);
   // Determine index and width of the string.
   u4 index = 0;
   u4 width = 4;
@@ -821,27 +816,27 @@
     case Instruction::kIndexUnknown:
       // This function should never get called for this type, but do
       // something sensible here, just to help with debugging.
-      outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<unknown-index>");
+      outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<unknown-index>");
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexNone:
       // This function should never get called for this type, but do
       // something sensible here, just to help with debugging.
-      outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<no-index>");
+      outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<no-index>");
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexTypeRef:
       if (index < pDexFile->GetHeader().type_ids_size_) {
         const char* tp = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(index);
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s // type@%0*x", tp, width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "%s // type@%0*x", tp, width, index);
       } else {
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<type?> // type@%0*x", width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<type?> // type@%0*x", width, index);
       }
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexStringRef:
       if (index < pDexFile->GetHeader().string_ids_size_) {
         const char* st = pDexFile->StringDataByIdx(index);
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "\"%s\" // string@%0*x", st, width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "\"%s\" // string@%0*x", st, width, index);
       } else {
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<string?> // string@%0*x", width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<string?> // string@%0*x", width, index);
       }
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexMethodRef:
@@ -850,10 +845,10 @@
         const char* name = pDexFile->StringDataByIdx(pMethodId.name_idx_);
         const Signature signature = pDexFile->GetMethodSignature(pMethodId);
         const char* backDescriptor = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(pMethodId.class_idx_);
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // method@%0*x",
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // method@%0*x",
                            backDescriptor, name, signature.ToString().c_str(), width, index);
       } else {
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<method?> // method@%0*x", width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<method?> // method@%0*x", width, index);
       }
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexFieldRef:
@@ -862,38 +857,33 @@
         const char* name = pDexFile->StringDataByIdx(pFieldId.name_idx_);
         const char* typeDescriptor = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(pFieldId.type_idx_);
         const char* backDescriptor = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(pFieldId.class_idx_);
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // field@%0*x",
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "%s.%s:%s // field@%0*x",
                            backDescriptor, name, typeDescriptor, width, index);
       } else {
-        outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<field?> // field@%0*x", width, index);
+        outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<field?> // field@%0*x", width, index);
       }
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexVtableOffset:
-      outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "[%0*x] // vtable #%0*x",
+      outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "[%0*x] // vtable #%0*x",
                          width, index, width, index);
       break;
     case Instruction::kIndexFieldOffset:
-      outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "[obj+%0*x]", width, index);
+      outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "[obj+%0*x]", width, index);
       break;
     // SOME NOT SUPPORTED:
     // case Instruction::kIndexVaries:
     // case Instruction::kIndexInlineMethod:
     default:
-      outSize = snprintf(buf, bufSize, "<?>");
+      outSize = snprintf(buf.get(), bufSize, "<?>");
       break;
   }  // switch
 
   // Determine success of string construction.
   if (outSize >= bufSize) {
-    // The buffer wasn't big enough; allocate and retry. Note:
-    // snprintf() doesn't count the '\0' as part of its returned
-    // size, so we add explicit space for it here.
-    outSize++;
-    buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(outSize));
-    if (buf == nullptr) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-    return indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn, buf, outSize);
+    // The buffer wasn't big enough; retry with computed size. Note: snprintf()
+    // doesn't count/ the '\0' as part of its returned size, so we add explicit
+    // space for it here.
+    return indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn, outSize + 1);
   }
   return buf;
 }
@@ -941,11 +931,9 @@
   }
 
   // Set up additional argument.
-  char indexBufChars[200];
-  char *indexBuf = indexBufChars;
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> indexBuf;
   if (Instruction::IndexTypeOf(pDecInsn->Opcode()) != Instruction::kIndexNone) {
-    indexBuf = indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn,
-                           indexBufChars, sizeof(indexBufChars));
+    indexBuf = indexString(pDexFile, pDecInsn, 200);
   }
 
   // Dump the instruction.
@@ -1003,7 +991,7 @@
       break;
     case Instruction::k21c:        // op vAA, thing@BBBB
     case Instruction::k31c:        // op vAA, thing@BBBBBBBB
-      fprintf(gOutFile, " v%d, %s", pDecInsn->VRegA(), indexBuf);
+      fprintf(gOutFile, " v%d, %s", pDecInsn->VRegA(), indexBuf.get());
       break;
     case Instruction::k23x:        // op vAA, vBB, vCC
       fprintf(gOutFile, " v%d, v%d, v%d",
@@ -1032,7 +1020,7 @@
     // NOT SUPPORTED:
     // case Instruction::k22cs:    // [opt] op vA, vB, field offset CCCC
       fprintf(gOutFile, " v%d, v%d, %s",
-              pDecInsn->VRegA(), pDecInsn->VRegB(), indexBuf);
+              pDecInsn->VRegA(), pDecInsn->VRegB(), indexBuf.get());
       break;
     case Instruction::k30t:
       fprintf(gOutFile, " #%08x", pDecInsn->VRegA());
@@ -1069,7 +1057,7 @@
           fprintf(gOutFile, ", v%d", arg[i]);
         }
       }  // for
-      fprintf(gOutFile, "}, %s", indexBuf);
+      fprintf(gOutFile, "}, %s", indexBuf.get());
       break;
     }
     case Instruction::k25x: {      // op vC, {vD, vE, vF, vG} (B: count)
@@ -1101,7 +1089,7 @@
             fprintf(gOutFile, ", v%d", pDecInsn->VRegC() + i);
           }
         }  // for
-        fprintf(gOutFile, "}, %s", indexBuf);
+        fprintf(gOutFile, "}, %s", indexBuf.get());
       }
       break;
     case Instruction::k51l: {      // op vAA, #+BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
@@ -1124,10 +1112,6 @@
   }  // switch
 
   fputc('\n', gOutFile);
-
-  if (indexBuf != indexBufChars) {
-    free(indexBuf);
-  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1141,11 +1125,9 @@
   const char* backDescriptor = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(pMethodId.class_idx_);
 
   // Generate header.
-  char* tmp = descriptorToDot(backDescriptor);
-  fprintf(gOutFile, "%06x:                                        "
-          "|[%06x] %s.%s:%s\n",
-          codeOffset, codeOffset, tmp, name, signature.ToString().c_str());
-  free(tmp);
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorToDot(backDescriptor));
+  fprintf(gOutFile, "%06x:                                        |[%06x] %s.%s:%s\n",
+          codeOffset, codeOffset, dot.get(), name, signature.ToString().c_str());
 
   // Iterate over all instructions.
   const u2* insns = pCode->insns_;
@@ -1224,12 +1206,10 @@
 
     // Method name and prototype.
     if (constructor) {
-      char* tmp = descriptorClassToDot(backDescriptor);
-      fprintf(gOutFile, "<constructor name=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-      free(tmp);
-      tmp = descriptorToDot(backDescriptor);
-      fprintf(gOutFile, " type=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-      free(tmp);
+      std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorClassToDot(backDescriptor));
+      fprintf(gOutFile, "<constructor name=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
+      dot = descriptorToDot(backDescriptor);
+      fprintf(gOutFile, " type=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
     } else {
       fprintf(gOutFile, "<method name=\"%s\"\n", name);
       const char* returnType = strrchr(typeDescriptor, ')');
@@ -1237,9 +1217,8 @@
         fprintf(stderr, "bad method type descriptor '%s'\n", typeDescriptor);
         goto bail;
       }
-      char* tmp = descriptorToDot(returnType+1);
-      fprintf(gOutFile, " return=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-      free(tmp);
+      std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorToDot(returnType + 1));
+      fprintf(gOutFile, " return=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
       fprintf(gOutFile, " abstract=%s\n", quotedBool((flags & kAccAbstract) != 0));
       fprintf(gOutFile, " native=%s\n", quotedBool((flags & kAccNative) != 0));
       fprintf(gOutFile, " synchronized=%s\n", quotedBool(
@@ -1272,18 +1251,17 @@
         } while (*cp++ != ';');
       } else {
         // Primitive char, copy it.
-        if (strchr("ZBCSIFJD", *base) == NULL) {
+        if (strchr("ZBCSIFJD", *base) == nullptr) {
           fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: bad method signature '%s'\n", base);
-          goto bail;
+          break;  // while
         }
         *cp++ = *base++;
       }
       // Null terminate and display.
       *cp++ = '\0';
-      char* tmp = descriptorToDot(tmpBuf);
+      std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorToDot(tmpBuf));
       fprintf(gOutFile, "<parameter name=\"arg%d\" type=\"%s\">\n"
-                        "</parameter>\n", argNum++, tmp);
-      free(tmp);
+                        "</parameter>\n", argNum++, dot.get());
     }  // while
     free(tmpBuf);
     if (constructor) {
@@ -1325,9 +1303,8 @@
     }
   } else if (gOptions.outputFormat == OUTPUT_XML) {
     fprintf(gOutFile, "<field name=\"%s\"\n", name);
-    char *tmp = descriptorToDot(typeDescriptor);
-    fprintf(gOutFile, " type=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-    free(tmp);
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorToDot(typeDescriptor));
+    fprintf(gOutFile, " type=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
     fprintf(gOutFile, " transient=%s\n", quotedBool((flags & kAccTransient) != 0));
     fprintf(gOutFile, " volatile=%s\n", quotedBool((flags & kAccVolatile) != 0));
     // The "value=" is not knowable w/o parsing annotations.
@@ -1482,13 +1459,11 @@
     }
     fprintf(gOutFile, "  Interfaces        -\n");
   } else {
-    char* tmp = descriptorClassToDot(classDescriptor);
-    fprintf(gOutFile, "<class name=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-    free(tmp);
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> dot(descriptorClassToDot(classDescriptor));
+    fprintf(gOutFile, "<class name=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
     if (superclassDescriptor != nullptr) {
-      tmp = descriptorToDot(superclassDescriptor);
-      fprintf(gOutFile, " extends=\"%s\"\n", tmp);
-      free(tmp);
+      dot = descriptorToDot(superclassDescriptor);
+      fprintf(gOutFile, " extends=\"%s\"\n", dot.get());
     }
     fprintf(gOutFile, " interface=%s\n",
             quotedBool((pClassDef.access_flags_ & kAccInterface) != 0));
diff --git a/dexlist/dexlist.cc b/dexlist/dexlist.cc
index 6f19df5..a1bde0e 100644
--- a/dexlist/dexlist.cc
+++ b/dexlist/dexlist.cc
@@ -60,18 +60,17 @@
  * final ";" (if any) have been removed and all occurrences of '/'
  * have been changed to '.'.
  */
-static char* descriptorToDot(const char* str) {
-  size_t at = strlen(str);
+static std::unique_ptr<char[]> descriptorToDot(const char* str) {
+  size_t len = strlen(str);
   if (str[0] == 'L') {
-    at -= 2;  // Two fewer chars to copy.
-    str++;
+    len -= 2;  // Two fewer chars to copy (trims L and ;).
+    str++;     // Start past 'L'.
   }
-  char* newStr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(at + 1));
-  newStr[at] = '\0';
-  while (at > 0) {
-    at--;
-    newStr[at] = (str[at] == '/') ? '.' : str[at];
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> newStr(new char[len + 1]);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    newStr[i] = (str[i] == '/') ? '.' : str[i];
   }
+  newStr[len] = '\0';
   return newStr;
 }
 
@@ -103,14 +102,13 @@
   const DexFile::MethodId& pMethodId = pDexFile->GetMethodId(idx);
   const char* methodName = pDexFile->StringDataByIdx(pMethodId.name_idx_);
   const char* classDescriptor = pDexFile->StringByTypeIdx(pMethodId.class_idx_);
-  char* className = descriptorToDot(classDescriptor);
+  std::unique_ptr<char[]> className(descriptorToDot(classDescriptor));
   const u4 insnsOff = codeOffset + 0x10;
 
   // Don't list methods that do not match a particular query.
   if (gOptions.methodToFind != nullptr &&
-      (strcmp(gOptions.classToFind, className) != 0 ||
+      (strcmp(gOptions.classToFind, className.get()) != 0 ||
        strcmp(gOptions.methodToFind, methodName) != 0)) {
-    free(className);
     return;
   }
 
@@ -130,10 +128,9 @@
   // Dump actual method information.
   fprintf(gOutFile, "0x%08x %d %s %s %s %s %d\n",
           insnsOff, pCode->insns_size_in_code_units_ * 2,
-          className, methodName, typeDesc, fileName, firstLine);
+          className.get(), methodName, typeDesc, fileName, firstLine);
 
   free(typeDesc);
-  free(className);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/disassembler/disassembler_arm.cc b/disassembler/disassembler_arm.cc
index 1a3e3f5..c410cd9 100644
--- a/disassembler/disassembler_arm.cc
+++ b/disassembler/disassembler_arm.cc
@@ -782,23 +782,13 @@
         args << Rm;
 
         // Shift operand.
-        bool noShift = (imm5 == 0 && shift_type != 0x3);
+        bool noShift = (imm5 == 0 && shift_type == 0x0);
         if (!noShift) {
           args << ", ";
-          switch (shift_type) {
-            case 0x0: args << "lsl"; break;
-            case 0x1: args << "lsr"; break;
-            case 0x2: args << "asr"; break;
-            case 0x3:
-              if (imm5 == 0) {
-                args << "rrx";
-              } else {
-                args << "ror #" << imm5;
-              }
-              break;
-          }
-          if (shift_type != 0x3 /* rrx */) {
-            args << StringPrintf(" #%d", (0 != imm5 || 0 == shift_type) ? imm5 : 32);
+          if (shift_type == 0x3u && imm5 == 0u) {
+            args << "rrx";
+          } else {
+            args << kThumb2ShiftOperations[shift_type] << " #" << ((0 != imm5) ? imm5 : 32);
           }
         }
 
@@ -1516,82 +1506,82 @@
           }
           break;
         }
-      default:      // more formats
-        if ((op2 >> 4) == 2) {      // 010xxxx
-          // data processing (register)
-          if ((instr & 0x0080f0f0) == 0x0000f000) {
-            // LSL, LSR, ASR, ROR
-            uint32_t shift_op = (instr >> 21) & 3;
-            uint32_t S = (instr >> 20) & 1;
-            ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
+        default:      // more formats
+          if ((op2 >> 4) == 2) {      // 010xxxx
+            // data processing (register)
+            if ((instr & 0x0080f0f0) == 0x0000f000) {
+              // LSL, LSR, ASR, ROR
+              uint32_t shift_op = (instr >> 21) & 3;
+              uint32_t S = (instr >> 20) & 1;
+              ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
+              ArmRegister Rn(instr, 16);
+              ArmRegister Rm(instr, 0);
+              opcode << kThumb2ShiftOperations[shift_op] << (S != 0 ? "s" : "");
+              args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+            }
+          } else if ((op2 >> 3) == 6) {       // 0110xxx
+            // Multiply, multiply accumulate, and absolute difference
+            op1 = (instr >> 20) & 0x7;
+            op2 = (instr >> 4) & 0x1;
+            ArmRegister Ra(instr, 12);
             ArmRegister Rn(instr, 16);
             ArmRegister Rm(instr, 0);
-            opcode << kThumb2ShiftOperations[shift_op] << (S != 0 ? "s" : "");
-            args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
-          }
-        } else if ((op2 >> 3) == 6) {       // 0110xxx
-          // Multiply, multiply accumulate, and absolute difference
-          op1 = (instr >> 20) & 0x7;
-          op2 = (instr >> 4) & 0x1;
-          ArmRegister Ra(instr, 12);
-          ArmRegister Rn(instr, 16);
-          ArmRegister Rm(instr, 0);
-          ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
-          switch (op1) {
-          case 0:
-            if (op2 == 0) {
-              if (Ra.r == 0xf) {
-                opcode << "mul";
-                args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+            ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
+            switch (op1) {
+            case 0:
+              if (op2 == 0) {
+                if (Ra.r == 0xf) {
+                  opcode << "mul";
+                  args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+                } else {
+                  opcode << "mla";
+                  args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm << ", " << Ra;
+                }
               } else {
-                opcode << "mla";
+                opcode << "mls";
                 args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm << ", " << Ra;
               }
-            } else {
-              opcode << "mls";
-              args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm << ", " << Ra;
+              break;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+            case 3:
+            case 4:
+            case 5:
+            case 6:
+                break;        // do these sometime
             }
-            break;
-          case 1:
-          case 2:
-          case 3:
-          case 4:
-          case 5:
-          case 6:
-              break;        // do these sometime
+          } else if ((op2 >> 3) == 7) {       // 0111xxx
+            // Long multiply, long multiply accumulate, and divide
+            op1 = (instr >> 20) & 0x7;
+            op2 = (instr >> 4) & 0xf;
+            ArmRegister Rn(instr, 16);
+            ArmRegister Rm(instr, 0);
+            ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
+            ArmRegister RdHi(instr, 8);
+            ArmRegister RdLo(instr, 12);
+            switch (op1) {
+            case 0:
+              opcode << "smull";
+              args << RdLo << ", " << RdHi << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+              break;
+            case 1:
+              opcode << "sdiv";
+              args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+              break;
+            case 2:
+              opcode << "umull";
+              args << RdLo << ", " << RdHi << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+              break;
+            case 3:
+              opcode << "udiv";
+              args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
+              break;
+            case 4:
+            case 5:
+            case 6:
+              break;      // TODO: when we generate these...
+            }
           }
-        } else if ((op2 >> 3) == 7) {       // 0111xxx
-          // Long multiply, long multiply accumulate, and divide
-          op1 = (instr >> 20) & 0x7;
-          op2 = (instr >> 4) & 0xf;
-          ArmRegister Rn(instr, 16);
-          ArmRegister Rm(instr, 0);
-          ArmRegister Rd(instr, 8);
-          ArmRegister RdHi(instr, 8);
-          ArmRegister RdLo(instr, 12);
-          switch (op1) {
-          case 0:
-            opcode << "smull";
-            args << RdLo << ", " << RdHi << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
-            break;
-          case 1:
-            opcode << "sdiv";
-            args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
-            break;
-          case 2:
-            opcode << "umull";
-            args << RdLo << ", " << RdHi << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
-            break;
-          case 3:
-            opcode << "udiv";
-            args << Rd << ", " << Rn << ", " << Rm;
-            break;
-          case 4:
-          case 5:
-          case 6:
-            break;      // TODO: when we generate these...
-          }
-        }
       }
       break;
     default:
diff --git a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
index 46be5e6..d4ad0ea 100644
--- a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
+++ b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_DexFile.cc
@@ -378,13 +378,13 @@
   // TODO: Verify the dex location is well formed, and throw an IOException if
   // not?
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename, target_instruction_set, profile_changed, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename, target_instruction_set, false);
 
   // Always treat elements of the bootclasspath as up-to-date.
   if (oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath()) {
     return OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded;
   }
-  return oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(filter);
+  return oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(filter, profile_changed);
 }
 
 static jstring DexFile_getDexFileStatus(JNIEnv* env,
@@ -411,7 +411,6 @@
   }
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename.c_str(), target_instruction_set,
-                                      false /* profile_changed */,
                                       false /* load_executable */);
 
   std::ostringstream status;
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@
     return JNI_FALSE;
   }
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename, kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(filename, kRuntimeISA, false);
   return oat_file_assistant.IsUpToDate() ? JNI_FALSE : JNI_TRUE;
 }
 
diff --git a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks.cc b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks.cc
index 1aa789f..198a52e 100644
--- a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks.cc
+++ b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_ZygoteHooks.cc
@@ -46,6 +46,16 @@
   if (prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
     PLOG(ERROR) << "prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) failed for pid " << getpid();
   }
+
+  // Even if Yama is on a non-privileged native debugger should
+  // be able to attach to the debuggable app.
+  if (prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    // if Yama is off prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER) returns EINVAL - don't log in this
+    // case since it's expected behaviour.
+    if (errno != EINVAL) {
+      PLOG(ERROR) << "prctl(PR_SET_PTRACER, PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY) failed for pid " << getpid();
+    }
+  }
 #endif
   // We don't want core dumps, though, so set the core dump size to 0.
   rlimit rl;
@@ -168,12 +178,17 @@
     // Only restart if it was streaming mode.
     // TODO: Expose buffer size, so we can also do file mode.
     if (output_mode == Trace::TraceOutputMode::kStreaming) {
-      const char* proc_name_cutils = get_process_name();
+      static constexpr size_t kMaxProcessNameLength = 100;
+      char name_buf[kMaxProcessNameLength] = {};
+      int rc = pthread_getname_np(pthread_self(), name_buf, kMaxProcessNameLength);
       std::string proc_name;
-      if (proc_name_cutils != nullptr) {
-        proc_name = proc_name_cutils;
+
+      if (rc == 0) {
+          // On success use the pthread name.
+          proc_name = name_buf;
       }
-      if (proc_name_cutils == nullptr || proc_name == "zygote" || proc_name == "zygote64") {
+
+      if (proc_name.empty() || proc_name == "zygote" || proc_name == "zygote64") {
         // Either no process name, or the name hasn't been changed, yet. Just use pid.
         pid_t pid = getpid();
         proc_name = StringPrintf("%u", static_cast<uint32_t>(pid));
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
index 218c490..aae9d97 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.cc
@@ -64,17 +64,15 @@
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatFileAssistant(const char* dex_location,
                                    const InstructionSet isa,
-                                   bool profile_changed,
                                    bool load_executable)
-    : OatFileAssistant(dex_location, nullptr, isa, profile_changed, load_executable)
+    : OatFileAssistant(dex_location, nullptr, isa, load_executable)
 { }
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatFileAssistant(const char* dex_location,
                                    const char* oat_location,
                                    const InstructionSet isa,
-                                   bool profile_changed,
                                    bool load_executable)
-    : isa_(isa), profile_changed_(profile_changed), load_executable_(load_executable) {
+    : isa_(isa), load_executable_(load_executable) {
   CHECK(dex_location != nullptr) << "OatFileAssistant: null dex location";
   dex_location_.assign(dex_location);
 
@@ -89,7 +87,6 @@
   if (oat_location != nullptr) {
     cached_oat_file_name_ = std::string(oat_location);
     cached_oat_file_name_attempted_ = true;
-    cached_oat_file_name_found_ = true;
   }
 }
 
@@ -134,29 +131,43 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target) {
+static bool GivenOatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(const OatFile& oat_file,
+                                             CompilerFilter::Filter target,
+                                             bool profile_changed) {
+  CompilerFilter::Filter current = oat_file.GetCompilerFilter();
+
+  if (profile_changed && CompilerFilter::DependsOnProfile(current)) {
+    VLOG(oat) << "Compiler filter not okay because Profile changed";
+    return false;
+  }
+  return CompilerFilter::IsAsGoodAs(current, target);
+}
+
+bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target,
+                                                   bool profile_changed) {
   const OatFile* oat_file = GetOatFile();
   if (oat_file != nullptr) {
-    CompilerFilter::Filter current = oat_file->GetCompilerFilter();
-    return CompilerFilter::IsAsGoodAs(current, target);
+    return GivenOatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(*oat_file, target, profile_changed);
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target) {
+bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target,
+                                                    bool profile_changed) {
   const OatFile* odex_file = GetOdexFile();
   if (odex_file != nullptr) {
-    CompilerFilter::Filter current = odex_file->GetCompilerFilter();
-    return CompilerFilter::IsAsGoodAs(current, target);
+    return GivenOatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(*odex_file, target, profile_changed);
   }
   return false;
 }
 
-OatFileAssistant::DexOptNeeded OatFileAssistant::GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target) {
+OatFileAssistant::DexOptNeeded
+OatFileAssistant::GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target,
+                                  bool profile_changed) {
   bool compilation_desired = CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(target);
 
   // See if the oat file is in good shape as is.
-  bool oat_okay = OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(target);
+  bool oat_okay = OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(target, profile_changed);
   if (oat_okay) {
     if (compilation_desired) {
       if (OatFileIsUpToDate()) {
@@ -170,7 +181,7 @@
   }
 
   // See if the odex file is in good shape as is.
-  bool odex_okay = OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(target);
+  bool odex_okay = OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(target, profile_changed);
   if (odex_okay) {
     if (compilation_desired) {
       if (OdexFileIsUpToDate()) {
@@ -225,13 +236,13 @@
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::ResultOfAttemptToUpdate
-OatFileAssistant::MakeUpToDate(std::string* error_msg) {
+OatFileAssistant::MakeUpToDate(bool profile_changed, std::string* error_msg) {
   CompilerFilter::Filter target;
   if (!GetRuntimeCompilerFilterOption(&target, error_msg)) {
     return kUpdateNotAttempted;
   }
 
-  switch (GetDexOptNeeded(target)) {
+  switch (GetDexOptNeeded(target, profile_changed)) {
     case kNoDexOptNeeded: return kUpdateSucceeded;
     case kDex2OatNeeded: return GenerateOatFile(error_msg);
     case kPatchOatNeeded: return RelocateOatFile(OdexFileName(), error_msg);
@@ -345,15 +356,13 @@
     cached_odex_file_name_attempted_ = true;
 
     std::string error_msg;
-    cached_odex_file_name_found_ = DexFilenameToOdexFilename(
-        dex_location_, isa_, &cached_odex_file_name_, &error_msg);
-    if (!cached_odex_file_name_found_) {
+    if (!DexFilenameToOdexFilename(dex_location_, isa_, &cached_odex_file_name_, &error_msg)) {
       // If we can't figure out the odex file, we treat it as if the odex
       // file was inaccessible.
       LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to determine odex file name: " << error_msg;
     }
   }
-  return cached_odex_file_name_found_ ? &cached_odex_file_name_ : nullptr;
+  return cached_odex_file_name_.empty() ? nullptr : &cached_odex_file_name_;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileExists() {
@@ -361,26 +370,20 @@
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::OdexFileStatus() {
-  if (OdexFileIsOutOfDate()) {
-    return kOatOutOfDate;
+  if (!odex_file_status_attempted_) {
+    odex_file_status_attempted_ = true;
+    const OatFile* odex_file = GetOdexFile();
+    if (odex_file == nullptr) {
+      cached_odex_file_status_ = kOatOutOfDate;
+    } else {
+      cached_odex_file_status_ = GivenOatFileStatus(*odex_file);
+    }
   }
-  if (OdexFileIsUpToDate()) {
-    return kOatUpToDate;
-  }
-  return kOatNeedsRelocation;
+  return cached_odex_file_status_;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileIsOutOfDate() {
-  if (!odex_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_) {
-    odex_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = true;
-    const OatFile* odex_file = GetOdexFile();
-    if (odex_file == nullptr) {
-      cached_odex_file_is_out_of_date_ = true;
-    } else {
-      cached_odex_file_is_out_of_date_ = GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(*odex_file);
-    }
-  }
-  return cached_odex_file_is_out_of_date_;
+  return OdexFileStatus() == kOatOutOfDate;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileNeedsRelocation() {
@@ -388,16 +391,7 @@
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OdexFileIsUpToDate() {
-  if (!odex_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_) {
-    odex_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = true;
-    const OatFile* odex_file = GetOdexFile();
-    if (odex_file == nullptr) {
-      cached_odex_file_is_up_to_date_ = false;
-    } else {
-      cached_odex_file_is_up_to_date_ = GivenOatFileIsUpToDate(*odex_file);
-    }
-  }
-  return cached_odex_file_is_up_to_date_;
+  return OdexFileStatus() == kOatUpToDate;
 }
 
 CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileAssistant::OdexFileCompilerFilter() {
@@ -406,7 +400,8 @@
 
   return odex_file->GetCompilerFilter();
 }
-std::string OatFileAssistant::ArtFileName(const OatFile* oat_file) const {
+
+static std::string ArtFileName(const OatFile* oat_file) {
   const std::string oat_file_location = oat_file->GetLocation();
   // Replace extension with .art
   const size_t last_ext = oat_file_location.find_last_of('.');
@@ -428,16 +423,15 @@
     std::string cache_dir = StringPrintf("%s%s",
         DalvikCacheDirectory().c_str(), GetInstructionSetString(isa_));
     std::string error_msg;
-    cached_oat_file_name_found_ = GetDalvikCacheFilename(dex_location_.c_str(),
-        cache_dir.c_str(), &cached_oat_file_name_, &error_msg);
-    if (!cached_oat_file_name_found_) {
+    if (!GetDalvikCacheFilename(dex_location_.c_str(),
+        cache_dir.c_str(), &cached_oat_file_name_, &error_msg)) {
       // If we can't determine the oat file name, we treat the oat file as
       // inaccessible.
       LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to determine oat file name for dex location "
         << dex_location_ << ": " << error_msg;
     }
   }
-  return cached_oat_file_name_found_ ? &cached_oat_file_name_ : nullptr;
+  return cached_oat_file_name_.empty() ? nullptr : &cached_oat_file_name_;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileExists() {
@@ -445,26 +439,20 @@
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::OatFileStatus() {
-  if (OatFileIsOutOfDate()) {
-    return kOatOutOfDate;
+  if (!oat_file_status_attempted_) {
+    oat_file_status_attempted_ = true;
+    const OatFile* oat_file = GetOatFile();
+    if (oat_file == nullptr) {
+      cached_oat_file_status_ = kOatOutOfDate;
+    } else {
+      cached_oat_file_status_ = GivenOatFileStatus(*oat_file);
+    }
   }
-  if (OatFileIsUpToDate()) {
-    return kOatUpToDate;
-  }
-  return kOatNeedsRelocation;
+  return cached_oat_file_status_;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileIsOutOfDate() {
-  if (!oat_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_) {
-    oat_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = true;
-    const OatFile* oat_file = GetOatFile();
-    if (oat_file == nullptr) {
-      cached_oat_file_is_out_of_date_ = true;
-    } else {
-      cached_oat_file_is_out_of_date_ = GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(*oat_file);
-    }
-  }
-  return cached_oat_file_is_out_of_date_;
+  return OatFileStatus() == kOatOutOfDate;
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileNeedsRelocation() {
@@ -472,16 +460,7 @@
 }
 
 bool OatFileAssistant::OatFileIsUpToDate() {
-  if (!oat_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_) {
-    oat_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = true;
-    const OatFile* oat_file = GetOatFile();
-    if (oat_file == nullptr) {
-      cached_oat_file_is_up_to_date_ = false;
-    } else {
-      cached_oat_file_is_up_to_date_ = GivenOatFileIsUpToDate(*oat_file);
-    }
-  }
-  return cached_oat_file_is_up_to_date_;
+  return OatFileStatus() == kOatUpToDate;
 }
 
 CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileAssistant::OatFileCompilerFilter() {
@@ -492,19 +471,6 @@
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::OatStatus OatFileAssistant::GivenOatFileStatus(const OatFile& file) {
-  // TODO: This could cause GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate to be called twice, which
-  // is more work than we need to do. If performance becomes a concern, and
-  // this method is actually called, this should be fixed.
-  if (GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(file)) {
-    return kOatOutOfDate;
-  }
-  if (GivenOatFileIsUpToDate(file)) {
-    return kOatUpToDate;
-  }
-  return kOatNeedsRelocation;
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(const OatFile& file) {
   // Verify the dex checksum.
   // Note: GetOatDexFile will return null if the dex checksum doesn't match
   // what we provide, which verifies the primary dex checksum for us.
@@ -512,7 +478,7 @@
   const OatFile::OatDexFile* oat_dex_file = file.GetOatDexFile(
       dex_location_.c_str(), dex_checksum_pointer, false);
   if (oat_dex_file == nullptr) {
-    return true;
+    return kOatOutOfDate;
   }
 
   // Verify the dex checksums for any secondary multidex files
@@ -537,7 +503,7 @@
           << secondary_dex_location
           << ". Expected: " << expected_secondary_checksum
           << ", Actual: " << actual_secondary_checksum;
-        return true;
+        return kOatOutOfDate;
       }
     } else {
       // If we can't get the checksum for the secondary location, we assume
@@ -557,7 +523,7 @@
       VLOG(oat) << "No image for oat image checksum to match against.";
 
       if (HasOriginalDexFiles()) {
-        return true;
+        return kOatOutOfDate;
       }
 
       // If there is no original dex file to fall back to, grudgingly accept
@@ -571,45 +537,18 @@
     } else if (file.GetOatHeader().GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum()
         != GetCombinedImageChecksum()) {
       VLOG(oat) << "Oat image checksum does not match image checksum.";
-      return true;
+      return kOatOutOfDate;
     }
   } else {
     VLOG(oat) << "Image checksum test skipped for compiler filter " << current_compiler_filter;
   }
 
-  // Verify the profile hasn't changed recently.
-  // TODO: Move this check to OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay? Nothing bad should
-  // happen if we use an oat file compiled with an out-of-date profile.
-  if (CompilerFilter::DependsOnProfile(current_compiler_filter)) {
-    if (profile_changed_) {
-      VLOG(oat) << "The profile has changed recently.";
-      return true;
-    }
-  } else {
-    VLOG(oat) << "Profile check skipped for compiler filter " << current_compiler_filter;
-  }
-
-  // Everything looks good; the dex file is not out of date.
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::GivenOatFileNeedsRelocation(const OatFile& file) {
-  return GivenOatFileStatus(file) == kOatNeedsRelocation;
-}
-
-bool OatFileAssistant::GivenOatFileIsUpToDate(const OatFile& file) {
-  if (GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(file)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  CompilerFilter::Filter current_compiler_filter = file.GetCompilerFilter();
-
   if (CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(current_compiler_filter)) {
     if (!file.IsPic()) {
       const ImageInfo* image_info = GetImageInfo();
       if (image_info == nullptr) {
         VLOG(oat) << "No image to check oat relocation against.";
-        return false;
+        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
       }
 
       // Verify the oat_data_begin recorded for the image in the oat file matches
@@ -621,7 +560,7 @@
           ": Oat file image oat_data_begin (" << oat_data_begin << ")"
           << " does not match actual image oat_data_begin ("
           << image_info->oat_data_begin << ")";
-        return false;
+        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
       }
 
       // Verify the oat_patch_delta recorded for the image in the oat file matches
@@ -632,7 +571,7 @@
           ": Oat file image patch delta (" << oat_patch_delta << ")"
           << " does not match actual image patch delta ("
           << image_info->patch_delta << ")";
-        return false;
+        return kOatNeedsRelocation;
       }
     } else {
       // Oat files compiled in PIC mode do not require relocation.
@@ -641,7 +580,7 @@
   } else {
     VLOG(oat) << "Oat relocation test skipped for compiler filter " << current_compiler_filter;
   }
-  return true;
+  return kOatUpToDate;
 }
 
 OatFileAssistant::ResultOfAttemptToUpdate
@@ -946,8 +885,7 @@
 void OatFileAssistant::ClearOdexFileCache() {
   odex_file_load_attempted_ = false;
   cached_odex_file_.reset();
-  odex_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = false;
-  odex_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = false;
+  odex_file_status_attempted_ = false;
 }
 
 const OatFile* OatFileAssistant::GetOatFile() {
@@ -987,8 +925,7 @@
 void OatFileAssistant::ClearOatFileCache() {
   oat_file_load_attempted_ = false;
   cached_oat_file_.reset();
-  oat_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = false;
-  oat_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = false;
+  oat_file_status_attempted_ = false;
 }
 
 const OatFileAssistant::ImageInfo* OatFileAssistant::GetImageInfo() {
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
index d55e373..e4aba3f 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant.h
@@ -101,14 +101,10 @@
   // device. For example, on an arm device, use arm or arm64. An oat file can
   // be loaded executable only if the ISA matches the current runtime.
   //
-  // profile_changed should be true if the profile has recently changed
-  // for this dex location.
-  //
   // load_executable should be true if the caller intends to try and load
   // executable code for this dex location.
   OatFileAssistant(const char* dex_location,
                    const InstructionSet isa,
-                   bool profile_changed,
                    bool load_executable);
 
   // Constructs an OatFileAssistant, providing an explicit target oat_location
@@ -116,7 +112,6 @@
   OatFileAssistant(const char* dex_location,
                    const char* oat_location,
                    const InstructionSet isa,
-                   bool profile_changed,
                    bool load_executable);
 
   ~OatFileAssistant();
@@ -145,8 +140,10 @@
 
   // Return what action needs to be taken to produce up-to-date code for this
   // dex location that is at least as good as an oat file generated with the
-  // given compiler filter.
-  DexOptNeeded GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target_compiler_filter);
+  // given compiler filter. profile_changed should be true to indicate the
+  // profile has recently changed for this dex location.
+  DexOptNeeded GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::Filter target_compiler_filter,
+                               bool profile_changed = false);
 
   // Returns true if there is up-to-date code for this dex location,
   // irrespective of the compiler filter of the up-to-date code.
@@ -164,11 +161,15 @@
 
   // Attempts to generate or relocate the oat file as needed to make it up to
   // date based on the current runtime and compiler options.
+  // profile_changed should be true to indicate the profile has recently
+  // changed for this dex location.
+  //
+  // Returns the result of attempting to update the code.
   //
   // If the result is not kUpdateSucceeded, the value of error_msg will be set
   // to a string describing why there was a failure or the update was not
   // attempted. error_msg must not be null.
-  ResultOfAttemptToUpdate MakeUpToDate(std::string* error_msg);
+  ResultOfAttemptToUpdate MakeUpToDate(bool profile_changed, std::string* error_msg);
 
   // Returns an oat file that can be used for loading dex files.
   // Returns null if no suitable oat file was found.
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> GetBestOatFile();
 
   // Open and returns an image space associated with the oat file.
-  gc::space::ImageSpace* OpenImageSpace(const OatFile* oat_file);
+  static gc::space::ImageSpace* OpenImageSpace(const OatFile* oat_file);
 
   // Loads the dex files in the given oat file for the given dex location.
   // The oat file should be up to date for the given dex location.
@@ -238,15 +239,9 @@
   // |OatFileExists() == true|.
   CompilerFilter::Filter OatFileCompilerFilter();
 
-  // Return image file name. Does not cache since it relies on the oat file.
-  std::string ArtFileName(const OatFile* oat_file) const;
-
-  // These methods return the status for a given opened oat file with respect
-  // to the dex location.
+  // Return the status for a given opened oat file with respect to the dex
+  // location.
   OatStatus GivenOatFileStatus(const OatFile& file);
-  bool GivenOatFileIsOutOfDate(const OatFile& file);
-  bool GivenOatFileNeedsRelocation(const OatFile& file);
-  bool GivenOatFileIsUpToDate(const OatFile& file);
 
   // Generates the oat file by relocation from the named input file.
   // This does not check the current status before attempting to relocate the
@@ -282,7 +277,8 @@
   // Constructs the odex file name for the given dex location.
   // Returns true on success, in which case odex_filename is set to the odex
   // file name.
-  // Returns false on error, in which case error_msg describes the error.
+  // Returns false on error, in which case error_msg describes the error and
+  // odex_filename is not changed.
   // Neither odex_filename nor error_msg may be null.
   static bool DexFilenameToOdexFilename(const std::string& location,
       InstructionSet isa, std::string* odex_filename, std::string* error_msg);
@@ -324,8 +320,9 @@
   const OatFile* GetOdexFile();
 
   // Returns true if the compiler filter used to generate the odex file is at
-  // least as good as the given target filter.
-  bool OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target);
+  // least as good as the given target filter. profile_changed should be true
+  // to indicate the profile has recently changed for this dex location.
+  bool OdexFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed);
 
   // Returns true if the odex file is opened executable.
   bool OdexFileIsExecutable();
@@ -343,8 +340,9 @@
   const OatFile* GetOatFile();
 
   // Returns true if the compiler filter used to generate the oat file is at
-  // least as good as the given target filter.
-  bool OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target);
+  // least as good as the given target filter. profile_changed should be true
+  // to indicate the profile has recently changed for this dex location.
+  bool OatFileCompilerFilterIsOkay(CompilerFilter::Filter target, bool profile_changed);
 
   // Returns true if the oat file is opened executable.
   bool OatFileIsExecutable();
@@ -375,9 +373,6 @@
   // the 32 or 64 bit variant for the current device.
   const InstructionSet isa_ = kNone;
 
-  // Whether the profile has recently changed.
-  bool profile_changed_ = false;
-
   // Whether we will attempt to load oat files executable.
   bool load_executable_ = false;
 
@@ -390,8 +385,9 @@
 
   // Cached value of the odex file name.
   // This should be accessed only by the OdexFileName() method.
+  // The sentinel value "" is used if the odex file name could not be
+  // determined.
   bool cached_odex_file_name_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_odex_file_name_found_;
   std::string cached_odex_file_name_;
 
   // Cached value of the loaded odex file.
@@ -400,18 +396,15 @@
   bool odex_file_load_attempted_ = false;
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> cached_odex_file_;
 
-  // Cached results for OdexFileIsOutOfDate
-  bool odex_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_odex_file_is_out_of_date_;
-
-  // Cached results for OdexFileIsUpToDate
-  bool odex_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_odex_file_is_up_to_date_;
+  // Cached results for OdexFileStatus
+  bool odex_file_status_attempted_ = false;
+  OatStatus cached_odex_file_status_;
 
   // Cached value of the oat file name.
   // This should be accessed only by the OatFileName() method.
+  // The sentinel value "" is used if the oat file name could not be
+  // determined.
   bool cached_oat_file_name_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_oat_file_name_found_;
   std::string cached_oat_file_name_;
 
   // Cached value of the loaded oat file.
@@ -420,13 +413,9 @@
   bool oat_file_load_attempted_ = false;
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> cached_oat_file_;
 
-  // Cached results for OatFileIsOutOfDate
-  bool oat_file_is_out_of_date_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_oat_file_is_out_of_date_;
-
-  // Cached results for OatFileIsUpToDate
-  bool oat_file_is_up_to_date_attempted_ = false;
-  bool cached_oat_file_is_up_to_date_;
+  // Cached results for OatFileStatus
+  bool oat_file_status_attempted_ = false;
+  OatStatus cached_oat_file_status_;
 
   // Cached value of the image info.
   // Use the GetImageInfo method rather than accessing these directly.
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
index a1d3ed9..6bccea6 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 // generation of oat files.
 static void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
   // Use an oat file assistant to find the proper oat location.
-  OatFileAssistant ofa(dex_location, kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant ofa(dex_location, kRuntimeISA, false);
   const std::string* oat_location = ofa.OatFileName();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_location != nullptr);
 
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/DexNoOat.jar";
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, NoDexNoOat) {
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/NoDexNoOat.jar";
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
 
   // Trying to make the oat file up to date should not fail or crash.
   std::string error_msg;
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded, oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded, oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg));
 
   // Trying to get the best oat file should fail, but not crash.
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -321,18 +321,23 @@
 }
 
 // Case: We have a DEX file and speed-profile OAT file for it.
-// Expect: The status is kNoDexOptNeeded if the profile hasn't changed.
+// Expect: The status is kNoDexOptNeeded if the profile hasn't changed, but
+// kDex2Oat if the profile has changed.
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, ProfileOatUpToDate) {
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/ProfileOatUpToDate.jar";
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile));
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile, false));
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly, false));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile, true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly, true));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
@@ -346,32 +351,6 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
-// Case: We have a DEX file and speed-profile OAT file for it.
-// Expect: The status is kNoDex2OatNeeded if the profile has changed.
-TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, ProfileOatOutOfDate) {
-  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/ProfileOatOutOfDate.jar";
-  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
-  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile);
-
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true, false);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile));
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OdexFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileExists());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsOutOfDate());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileNeedsRelocation());
-  EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.OatFileIsUpToDate());
-  EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kOatOutOfDate, oat_file_assistant.OatFileStatus());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
-}
-
 // Case: We have a MultiDEX file and up-to-date OAT file for it.
 // Expect: The status is kNoDexOptNeeded and we load all dex files.
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, MultiDexOatUpToDate) {
@@ -379,9 +358,9 @@
   Copy(GetMultiDexSrc1(), dex_location);
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed, false));
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 
   // Verify we can load both dex files.
@@ -406,9 +385,9 @@
   // is out of date.
   Copy(GetMultiDexSrc2(), dex_location);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
+      oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed, false));
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file_assistant.HasOriginalDexFiles());
 }
 
@@ -435,7 +414,7 @@
   // Verify we can load both dex files.
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(),
                                       oat_location.c_str(),
-                                      kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+                                      kRuntimeISA, true);
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(oat_file->IsExecutable());
@@ -455,7 +434,7 @@
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
   Copy(GetDexSrc2(), dex_location);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
@@ -482,7 +461,7 @@
   GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
@@ -518,7 +497,7 @@
   Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kPatchOatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -536,7 +515,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -577,7 +556,7 @@
   Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
@@ -600,7 +579,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -635,7 +614,7 @@
   Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -658,7 +637,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -686,7 +665,7 @@
   GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, oat_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(),
-      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
@@ -710,7 +689,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -746,7 +725,7 @@
   GenerateNoPatchOdexForTest(dex_location, oat_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(),
-      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -755,7 +734,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
 
@@ -785,7 +764,7 @@
 
   // Verify things don't go bad.
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(),
-      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kPatchOatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -820,7 +799,7 @@
   GeneratePicOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -848,7 +827,7 @@
   GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
 
   // Verify the status.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime));
@@ -874,7 +853,7 @@
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Load the oat using an oat file assistant.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -893,7 +872,7 @@
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
 
   // Load the oat using an oat file assistant.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -912,7 +891,7 @@
   GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Load the oat using an oat file assistant.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -932,11 +911,11 @@
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(
-      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -948,7 +927,7 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(OS::FileExists(oat_location.c_str()));
 
   // Verify it didn't create an oat in the default location.
-  OatFileAssistant ofm(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant ofm(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
   EXPECT_FALSE(ofm.OatFileExists());
 }
 
@@ -964,11 +943,11 @@
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(
-      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   ASSERT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateNotAttempted,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg));
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg));
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() == nullptr);
@@ -981,7 +960,7 @@
   std::string oat_location = GetScratchDir() + "/GenNoDex.oat";
 
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(
-      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+      dex_location.c_str(), oat_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateNotAttempted,
@@ -1031,7 +1010,7 @@
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), abs_dex_location);
 
   std::string dex_location = MakePathRelative(abs_dex_location);
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
@@ -1049,7 +1028,7 @@
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, ShortDexLocation) {
   std::string dex_location = "/xx";
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath());
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
@@ -1066,7 +1045,7 @@
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg));
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg));
   EXPECT_TRUE(error_msg.empty());
 }
 
@@ -1076,7 +1055,7 @@
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/LongDexExtension.jarx";
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kSpeed));
@@ -1173,7 +1152,7 @@
   GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Load the oat using an executable oat file assistant.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -1195,7 +1174,7 @@
   GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
 
   // Load the oat using an executable oat file assistant.
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, true);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, true);
 
   std::unique_ptr<OatFile> oat_file = oat_file_assistant.GetBestOatFile();
   ASSERT_TRUE(oat_file.get() != nullptr);
@@ -1209,12 +1188,12 @@
   std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/RuntimeCompilerFilterOptionUsed.jar";
   Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
 
-  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false, false);
+  OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, false);
 
   std::string error_msg;
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=interpret-only");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatNeeded,
@@ -1222,7 +1201,7 @@
 
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=speed");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateSucceeded,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg)) << error_msg;
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
       oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly));
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded,
@@ -1230,7 +1209,7 @@
 
   Runtime::Current()->AddCompilerOption("--compiler-filter=bogus");
   EXPECT_EQ(OatFileAssistant::kUpdateNotAttempted,
-      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(&error_msg));
+      oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(false, &error_msg));
 }
 
 TEST(OatFileAssistantUtilsTest, DexFilenameToOdexFilename) {
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc b/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
index b7e6040..7680517 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_manager.cc
@@ -558,7 +558,6 @@
   OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_location,
                                       oat_location,
                                       kRuntimeISA,
-                                      /*profile_changed*/false,
                                       !runtime->IsAotCompiler());
 
   // Lock the target oat location to avoid races generating and loading the
@@ -576,7 +575,7 @@
     // Update the oat file on disk if we can, based on the --compiler-filter
     // option derived from the current runtime options.
     // This may fail, but that's okay. Best effort is all that matters here.
-    switch (oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(/*out*/ &error_msg)) {
+    switch (oat_file_assistant.MakeUpToDate(/*profile_changed*/false, /*out*/ &error_msg)) {
       case OatFileAssistant::kUpdateFailed:
         LOG(WARNING) << error_msg;
         break;
diff --git a/test/458-checker-instruction-simplification/src/Main.java b/test/458-checker-instruction-simplification/src/Main.java
index c717eaa..359d521 100644
--- a/test/458-checker-instruction-simplification/src/Main.java
+++ b/test/458-checker-instruction-simplification/src/Main.java
@@ -1971,8 +1971,165 @@
     return (value >> temp) + temp;
   }
 
-public static void main(String[] args) {
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg1(int, int) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:i\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:i\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<X>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg1(int, int) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:i\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Y>>]
+
+  public static int $noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg1(int x, int y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    int sum = x + y;
+    return sum - x;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg2(int, int) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:i\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:i\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg2(int, int) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:i\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<X>>]
+
+  public static int $noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg2(int x, int y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    int sum = x + y;
+    return sum - y;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intSubAddSimplifyLeft(int, int) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:i\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:i\d+>>      Add [<<Sub>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intSubAddSimplifyLeft(int, int) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:i\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<X>>]
+
+  public static int $noinline$intSubAddSimplifyLeft(int x, int y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    int sub = x - y;
+    return sub + y;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intSubAddSimplifyRight(int, int) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:i\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:i\d+>>      Add [<<Y>>,<<Sub>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: int Main.$noinline$intSubAddSimplifyRight(int, int) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:i\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:i\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<X>>]
+
+  public static int $noinline$intSubAddSimplifyRight(int x, int y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    int sub = x - y;
+    return y + sub;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg1(float, float) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:f\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<X>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg1(float, float) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:f\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<X>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  public static float $noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg1(float x, float y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    float sum = x + y;
+    return sum - x;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg2(float, float) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:f\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg2(float, float) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sum:f\d+>>      Add [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Sub [<<Sum>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  public static float $noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg2(float x, float y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    float sum = x + y;
+    return sum - y;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyLeft(float, float) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:f\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Add [<<Sub>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyLeft(float, float) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:f\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Add [<<Sub>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  public static float $noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyLeft(float x, float y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    float sub = x - y;
+    return sub + y;
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyRight(float, float) instruction_simplifier (before)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:f\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Add [<<Y>>,<<Sub>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START: float Main.$noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyRight(float, float) instruction_simplifier (after)
+  /// CHECK:          <<X:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK:          <<Y:f\d+>>        ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Sub:f\d+>>      Sub [<<X>>,<<Y>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:      <<Res:f\d+>>      Add [<<Y>>,<<Sub>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:                        Return [<<Res>>]
+
+  public static float $noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyRight(float x, float y) {
+    if (doThrow) { throw new Error(); }
+    float sub = x - y;
+    return y + sub;
+  }
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
     int arg = 123456;
+    float floatArg = 123456.125f;
 
     assertLongEquals(arg, $noinline$Add0(arg));
     assertIntEquals(5, $noinline$AddAddSubAddConst(1));
@@ -2143,6 +2300,15 @@
     assertLongEquals(0xaf37bc048d159e24L, $noinline$longSmallerShiftMasking(0xabcdef0123456789L, 2 + 256));
     assertIntEquals(0xfffd5e7c, $noinline$otherUseOfUnnecessaryShiftMasking(0xabcdef01, 13));
     assertIntEquals(0xfffd5e7c, $noinline$otherUseOfUnnecessaryShiftMasking(0xabcdef01, 13 + 512));
+
+    assertIntEquals(654321, $noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg1(arg, 654321));
+    assertIntEquals(arg, $noinline$intAddSubSimplifyArg2(arg, 654321));
+    assertIntEquals(arg, $noinline$intSubAddSimplifyLeft(arg, 654321));
+    assertIntEquals(arg, $noinline$intSubAddSimplifyRight(arg, 654321));
+    assertFloatEquals(654321.125f, $noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg1(floatArg, 654321.125f));
+    assertFloatEquals(floatArg, $noinline$floatAddSubSimplifyArg2(floatArg, 654321.125f));
+    assertFloatEquals(floatArg, $noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyLeft(floatArg, 654321.125f));
+    assertFloatEquals(floatArg, $noinline$floatSubAddSimplifyRight(floatArg, 654321.125f));
   }
 
   private static boolean $inline$true() { return true; }
diff --git a/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/expected.txt b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0aad4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+passed
diff --git a/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/info.txt b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/info.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0f26d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/info.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Checker test that we combine ArrayLength and BoundsCheck on x86/x86_64.
diff --git a/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/src/Main.java b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/src/Main.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc2be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/609-checker-x86-bounds-check/src/Main.java
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+public class Main {
+
+  public static void main(String args[]) {
+    int[] array = new int[51];
+    testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(array, 10);
+
+    System.out.println("passed");
+  }
+
+  /// CHECK-START-X86: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) x86_memory_operand_generation (before)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<CheckedArray>>] is_string_length:false loop:none
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<CheckedArray>>,<<CheckedIndex>>,<<Value>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START-X86: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) x86_memory_operand_generation (after)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<CheckedArray>>] is_string_length:false emitted_at_use:true loop:none
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<CheckedArray>>,<<CheckedIndex>>,<<Value>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START-X86: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) disassembly (after)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK:         <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:    <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<Array>>] is_string_length:false emitted_at_use:true loop:none
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:    <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:                           cmp [<<BaseReg:\w+>> + 8], <<IndexReg:\w+>>
+  /// CHECK:         <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<Array>>,<<Index>>,<<Value>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:                           mov [<<BaseReg>> + <<IndexReg>> * 4 + 12], 9
+
+  /// CHECK-START-X86_64: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) x86_memory_operand_generation (before)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<CheckedArray>>] is_string_length:false loop:none
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<CheckedArray>>,<<CheckedIndex>>,<<Value>>]
+
+  /// CHECK-START-X86_64: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) x86_memory_operand_generation (after)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<CheckedArray>>] is_string_length:false emitted_at_use:true loop:none
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<CheckedArray>>,<<CheckedIndex>>,<<Value>>]
+
+  // Test assumes parameter value is in lower 8 registers (it is passed in edx).
+  /// CHECK-START-X86_64: void Main.testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[], int) disassembly (after)
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Array:l\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Index:i\d+>>         ParameterValue
+  /// CHECK-DAG:     <<Value:i\d+>>         IntConstant 9
+  /// CHECK:         <<CheckedArray:l\d+>>  NullCheck [<<Array>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:    <<Length:i\d+>>        ArrayLength [<<Array>>] is_string_length:false emitted_at_use:true loop:none
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:    <<CheckedIndex:i\d+>>  BoundsCheck [<<Index>>,<<Length>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:                           cmp [<<BaseReg:\w+>> + 8], e<<IndexReg:\w+>>
+  /// CHECK:         <<ArraySet:v\d+>>      ArraySet [<<Array>>,<<Index>>,<<Value>>]
+  /// CHECK-NEXT:                           mov [<<BaseReg>> + r<<IndexReg>> * 4 + 12], 9
+
+  static void testArrayLengthBoundsCheckX86(int[] array, int index) {
+    array[index] = 9;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tools/libcore_failures.txt b/tools/libcore_failures.txt
index f25fb98..996f2f8 100644
--- a/tools/libcore_failures.txt
+++ b/tools/libcore_failures.txt
@@ -253,5 +253,12 @@
   names: ["jsr166.CollectionTest#testEmptyMeansEmpty",
           "jsr166.Collection8Test#testForEach",
           "jsr166.Collection8Test#testForEachConcurrentStressTest"]
+},
+{
+  description: "Flaky test",
+  result: EXEC_FAILED,
+  bug: 30107038,
+  modes: [device],
+  names: ["org.apache.harmony.tests.java.lang.ProcessTest#test_destroyForcibly"]
 }
 ]