diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.cc b/compiler/image_writer.cc
index fb5560b..7bb2bb7 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.cc
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
 
   ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
   Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
-  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *class_linker->DexLock());
+  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
   for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
     ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache =
         ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache>::DownCast(self->DecodeJObject(data.weak_root));
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
 
   ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension sa(__FUNCTION__);
   ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);  // For ClassInClassTable
-  ReaderMutexLock mu2(self, *class_linker->DexLock());
+  ReaderMutexLock mu2(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
   for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
     if (self->IsJWeakCleared(data.weak_root)) {
       continue;
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@
   // caches. We check that the number of dex caches does not change.
   size_t dex_cache_count = 0;
   {
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *class_linker->DexLock());
+    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     // Count number of dex caches not in the boot image.
     for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
       ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache =
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@
       hs.NewHandle(ObjectArray<Object>::Alloc(self, object_array_class.Get(), dex_cache_count)));
   CHECK(dex_caches.Get() != nullptr) << "Failed to allocate a dex cache array.";
   {
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *class_linker->DexLock());
+    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     size_t non_image_dex_caches = 0;
     // Re-count number of non image dex caches.
     for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
diff --git a/oatdump/oatdump.cc b/oatdump/oatdump.cc
index 692a951..80c7113 100644
--- a/oatdump/oatdump.cc
+++ b/oatdump/oatdump.cc
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@
       // Mark dex caches.
       dex_caches_.clear();
       {
-        ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *class_linker->DexLock());
+        ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
         for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
           ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache =
               ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache>::DownCast(self->DecodeJObject(data.weak_root));
diff --git a/runtime/base/mutex.cc b/runtime/base/mutex.cc
index 6665f95..ce452cb 100644
--- a/runtime/base/mutex.cc
+++ b/runtime/base/mutex.cc
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 Uninterruptible Roles::uninterruptible_;
 ReaderWriterMutex* Locks::jni_globals_lock_ = nullptr;
 Mutex* Locks::jni_weak_globals_lock_ = nullptr;
+ReaderWriterMutex* Locks::dex_lock_ = nullptr;
 
 struct AllMutexData {
   // A guard for all_mutexes_ that's not a mutex (Mutexes must CAS to acquire and busy wait).
@@ -961,6 +962,7 @@
     DCHECK(thread_suspend_count_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(trace_lock_ != nullptr);
     DCHECK(unexpected_signal_lock_ != nullptr);
+    DCHECK(dex_lock_ != nullptr);
   } else {
     // Create global locks in level order from highest lock level to lowest.
     LockLevel current_lock_level = kInstrumentEntrypointsLock;
@@ -1039,6 +1041,10 @@
       modify_ldt_lock_ = new Mutex("modify_ldt lock", current_lock_level);
     }
 
+    UPDATE_CURRENT_LOCK_LEVEL(kDexLock);
+    DCHECK(dex_lock_ == nullptr);
+    dex_lock_ = new ReaderWriterMutex("ClassLinker dex lock", current_lock_level);
+
     UPDATE_CURRENT_LOCK_LEVEL(kOatFileManagerLock);
     DCHECK(oat_file_manager_lock_ == nullptr);
     oat_file_manager_lock_ = new ReaderWriterMutex("OatFile manager lock", current_lock_level);
diff --git a/runtime/base/mutex.h b/runtime/base/mutex.h
index 21b5bb9..255ad71 100644
--- a/runtime/base/mutex.h
+++ b/runtime/base/mutex.h
@@ -659,8 +659,10 @@
   // Guards modification of the LDT on x86.
   static Mutex* modify_ldt_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(allocated_thread_ids_lock_);
 
+  static ReaderWriterMutex* dex_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(modify_ldt_lock_);
+
   // Guards opened oat files in OatFileManager.
-  static ReaderWriterMutex* oat_file_manager_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(modify_ldt_lock_);
+  static ReaderWriterMutex* oat_file_manager_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(dex_lock_);
 
   // Guards extra string entries for VerifierDeps.
   static ReaderWriterMutex* verifier_deps_lock_ ACQUIRED_AFTER(oat_file_manager_lock_);
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker-inl.h b/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
index 7005c29..0a65cd1 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/class_linker-inl.h
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
   DCHECK(proxy_method->IsProxyMethod<kReadBarrierOption>());
   {
     Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     // Locate the dex cache of the original interface/Object
     for (const DexCacheData& data : dex_caches_) {
       if (!self->IsJWeakCleared(data.weak_root) &&
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index e9f5978..992d4bf 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -341,9 +341,7 @@
 }
 
 ClassLinker::ClassLinker(InternTable* intern_table)
-    // dex_lock_ is recursive as it may be used in stack dumping.
-    : dex_lock_("ClassLinker dex lock", kDexLock),
-      failed_dex_cache_class_lookups_(0),
+    : failed_dex_cache_class_lookups_(0),
       class_roots_(nullptr),
       array_iftable_(nullptr),
       find_array_class_cache_next_victim_(0),
@@ -1329,7 +1327,7 @@
         }
       }
       {
-        WriterMutexLock mu2(self, dex_lock_);
+        WriterMutexLock mu2(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
         // Make sure to do this after we update the arrays since we store the resolved types array
         // in DexCacheData in RegisterDexFileLocked. We need the array pointer to be the one in the
         // BSS.
@@ -2144,109 +2142,6 @@
           : static_cast<mirror::Array*>(mirror::IntArray::Alloc(self, length)));
 }
 
-void ClassLinker::InitializeDexCache(Thread* self,
-                                     ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
-                                     ObjPtr<mirror::String> location,
-                                     const DexFile& dex_file,
-                                     LinearAlloc* linear_alloc) {
-  ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension sants(__FUNCTION__);
-  DexCacheArraysLayout layout(image_pointer_size_, &dex_file);
-  uint8_t* raw_arrays = nullptr;
-
-  const OatDexFile* const oat_dex = dex_file.GetOatDexFile();
-  if (oat_dex != nullptr && oat_dex->GetDexCacheArrays() != nullptr) {
-    raw_arrays = oat_dex->GetDexCacheArrays();
-  } else if (dex_file.NumStringIds() != 0u ||
-             dex_file.NumTypeIds() != 0u ||
-             dex_file.NumMethodIds() != 0u ||
-             dex_file.NumFieldIds() != 0u) {
-    // Zero-initialized.
-    raw_arrays = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(linear_alloc->Alloc(self, layout.Size()));
-  }
-
-  mirror::StringDexCacheType* strings = (dex_file.NumStringIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
-      reinterpret_cast<mirror::StringDexCacheType*>(raw_arrays + layout.StringsOffset());
-  GcRoot<mirror::Class>* types = (dex_file.NumTypeIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
-      reinterpret_cast<GcRoot<mirror::Class>*>(raw_arrays + layout.TypesOffset());
-  ArtMethod** methods = (dex_file.NumMethodIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
-      reinterpret_cast<ArtMethod**>(raw_arrays + layout.MethodsOffset());
-  ArtField** fields = (dex_file.NumFieldIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
-      reinterpret_cast<ArtField**>(raw_arrays + layout.FieldsOffset());
-
-  size_t num_strings = mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheStringCacheSize;
-  if (dex_file.NumStringIds() < num_strings) {
-    num_strings = dex_file.NumStringIds();
-  }
-
-  // Note that we allocate the method type dex caches regardless of this flag,
-  // and we make sure here that they're not used by the runtime. This is in the
-  // interest of simplicity and to avoid extensive compiler and layout class changes.
-  //
-  // If this needs to be mitigated in a production system running this code,
-  // DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize can be set to zero.
-  mirror::MethodTypeDexCacheType* method_types = nullptr;
-  size_t num_method_types = 0;
-
-  if (dex_file.NumProtoIds() < mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize) {
-    num_method_types = dex_file.NumProtoIds();
-  } else {
-    num_method_types = mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize;
-  }
-
-  if (num_method_types > 0) {
-    method_types = reinterpret_cast<mirror::MethodTypeDexCacheType*>(
-        raw_arrays + layout.MethodTypesOffset());
-  }
-
-  DCHECK_ALIGNED(raw_arrays, alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
-                 "Expected raw_arrays to align to StringDexCacheType.";
-  DCHECK_ALIGNED(layout.StringsOffset(), alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
-                 "Expected StringsOffset() to align to StringDexCacheType.";
-  DCHECK_ALIGNED(strings, alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
-                 "Expected strings to align to StringDexCacheType.";
-  static_assert(alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType) == 8u,
-                "Expected StringDexCacheType to have align of 8.");
-  if (kIsDebugBuild) {
-    // Sanity check to make sure all the dex cache arrays are empty. b/28992179
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_strings; ++i) {
-      CHECK_EQ(strings[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).index, 0u);
-      CHECK(strings[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).object.IsNull());
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file.NumTypeIds(); ++i) {
-      CHECK(types[i].IsNull());
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file.NumMethodIds(); ++i) {
-      CHECK(mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(methods, i, image_pointer_size_) == nullptr);
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file.NumFieldIds(); ++i) {
-      CHECK(mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(fields, i, image_pointer_size_) == nullptr);
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_method_types; ++i) {
-      CHECK_EQ(method_types[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).index, 0u);
-      CHECK(method_types[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).object.IsNull());
-    }
-  }
-  if (strings != nullptr) {
-    mirror::StringDexCachePair::Initialize(strings);
-  }
-  if (method_types != nullptr) {
-    mirror::MethodTypeDexCachePair::Initialize(method_types);
-  }
-  dex_cache->Init(&dex_file,
-                  location,
-                  strings,
-                  num_strings,
-                  types,
-                  dex_file.NumTypeIds(),
-                  methods,
-                  dex_file.NumMethodIds(),
-                  fields,
-                  dex_file.NumFieldIds(),
-                  method_types,
-                  num_method_types,
-                  image_pointer_size_);
-}
-
 mirror::DexCache* ClassLinker::AllocDexCache(ObjPtr<mirror::String>* out_location,
                                              Thread* self,
                                              const DexFile& dex_file) {
@@ -2273,9 +2168,14 @@
   ObjPtr<mirror::String> location = nullptr;
   ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = AllocDexCache(&location, self, dex_file);
   if (dex_cache != nullptr) {
-    WriterMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+    WriterMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     DCHECK(location != nullptr);
-    InitializeDexCache(self, dex_cache, location, dex_file, linear_alloc);
+    mirror::DexCache::InitializeDexCache(self,
+                                         dex_cache,
+                                         location,
+                                         &dex_file,
+                                         linear_alloc,
+                                         image_pointer_size_);
   }
   return dex_cache.Ptr();
 }
@@ -3295,7 +3195,7 @@
 void ClassLinker::RegisterDexFileLocked(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                         Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache) {
   Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
-  dex_lock_.AssertExclusiveHeld(self);
+  Locks::dex_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(self);
   CHECK(dex_cache.Get() != nullptr) << dex_file.GetLocation();
   // For app images, the dex cache location may be a suffix of the dex file location since the
   // dex file location is an absolute path.
@@ -3337,7 +3237,7 @@
                                                ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader) {
   Thread* self = Thread::Current();
   {
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+    ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = FindDexCacheLocked(self, dex_file, true);
     if (dex_cache != nullptr) {
       return dex_cache.Ptr();
@@ -3360,7 +3260,7 @@
                                                                   dex_file)));
   Handle<mirror::String> h_location(hs.NewHandle(location));
   {
-    WriterMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+    WriterMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
     ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = FindDexCacheLocked(self, dex_file, true);
     if (dex_cache != nullptr) {
       // Another thread managed to initialize the dex cache faster, so use that DexCache.
@@ -3376,7 +3276,12 @@
     // Do InitializeDexCache while holding dex lock to make sure two threads don't call it at the
     // same time with the same dex cache. Since the .bss is shared this can cause failing DCHECK
     // that the arrays are null.
-    InitializeDexCache(self, h_dex_cache.Get(), h_location.Get(), dex_file, linear_alloc);
+    mirror::DexCache::InitializeDexCache(self,
+                                         h_dex_cache.Get(),
+                                         h_location.Get(),
+                                         &dex_file,
+                                         linear_alloc,
+                                         image_pointer_size_);
     RegisterDexFileLocked(dex_file, h_dex_cache);
   }
   table->InsertStrongRoot(h_dex_cache.Get());
@@ -3385,14 +3290,14 @@
 
 void ClassLinker::RegisterDexFile(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                   Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache) {
-  WriterMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), dex_lock_);
+  WriterMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::dex_lock_);
   RegisterDexFileLocked(dex_file, dex_cache);
 }
 
 mirror::DexCache* ClassLinker::FindDexCache(Thread* self,
                                             const DexFile& dex_file,
                                             bool allow_failure) {
-  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
   return FindDexCacheLocked(self, dex_file, allow_failure);
 }
 
@@ -3429,7 +3334,7 @@
 
 void ClassLinker::FixupDexCaches(ArtMethod* resolution_method) {
   Thread* const self = Thread::Current();
-  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, dex_lock_);
+  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
   for (const DexCacheData& data : dex_caches_) {
     if (!self->IsJWeakCleared(data.weak_root)) {
       ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache>::DownCast(
@@ -3824,6 +3729,17 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+// Ensures that methods have the kAccSkipAccessChecks bit set. We use the
+// kAccVerificationAttempted bit on the class access flags to determine whether this has been done
+// before.
+static void EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(Handle<mirror::Class> klass, PointerSize pointer_size)
+    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+  if (!klass->WasVerificationAttempted()) {
+    klass->SetSkipAccessChecksFlagOnAllMethods(pointer_size);
+    klass->SetVerificationAttempted();
+  }
+}
+
 verifier::MethodVerifier::FailureKind ClassLinker::VerifyClass(
     Thread* self, Handle<mirror::Class> klass, verifier::HardFailLogMode log_level) {
   {
@@ -3851,7 +3767,7 @@
 
     // Don't attempt to re-verify if already sufficiently verified.
     if (klass->IsVerified()) {
-      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass);
+      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass, image_pointer_size_);
       return verifier::MethodVerifier::kNoFailure;
     }
     if (klass->IsCompileTimeVerified() && Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler()) {
@@ -3870,7 +3786,7 @@
     // Skip verification if disabled.
     if (!Runtime::Current()->IsVerificationEnabled()) {
       mirror::Class::SetStatus(klass, mirror::Class::kStatusVerified, self);
-      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass);
+      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass, image_pointer_size_);
       return verifier::MethodVerifier::kNoFailure;
     }
   }
@@ -4005,19 +3921,12 @@
       // Mark the class as having a verification attempt to avoid re-running the verifier.
       klass->SetVerificationAttempted();
     } else {
-      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass);
+      EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(klass, image_pointer_size_);
     }
   }
   return verifier_failure;
 }
 
-void ClassLinker::EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(Handle<mirror::Class> klass) {
-  if (!klass->WasVerificationAttempted()) {
-    klass->SetSkipAccessChecksFlagOnAllMethods(image_pointer_size_);
-    klass->SetVerificationAttempted();
-  }
-}
-
 bool ClassLinker::VerifyClassUsingOatFile(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                           ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                           mirror::Class::Status& oat_file_class_status) {
@@ -4987,7 +4896,7 @@
                                     bool can_init_parents) {
   DCHECK(c.Get() != nullptr);
   if (c->IsInitialized()) {
-    EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(c);
+    EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(c, image_pointer_size_);
     self->AssertNoPendingException();
     return true;
   }
@@ -8010,42 +7919,6 @@
   return type.Get();
 }
 
-const char* ClassLinker::MethodShorty(uint32_t method_idx,
-                                      ArtMethod* referrer,
-                                      uint32_t* length) {
-  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> declaring_class = referrer->GetDeclaringClass();
-  ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = declaring_class->GetDexCache();
-  const DexFile& dex_file = *dex_cache->GetDexFile();
-  const DexFile::MethodId& method_id = dex_file.GetMethodId(method_idx);
-  return dex_file.GetMethodShorty(method_id, length);
-}
-
-class DumpClassVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
- public:
-  explicit DumpClassVisitor(int flags) : flags_(flags) {}
-
-  bool operator()(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    klass->DumpClass(LOG_STREAM(ERROR), flags_);
-    return true;
-  }
-
- private:
-  const int flags_;
-};
-
-void ClassLinker::DumpAllClasses(int flags) {
-  DumpClassVisitor visitor(flags);
-  VisitClasses(&visitor);
-}
-
-static OatFile::OatMethod CreateOatMethod(const void* code) {
-  CHECK(code != nullptr);
-  const uint8_t* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(code);  // Base of data points at code.
-  base -= sizeof(void*);  // Move backward so that code_offset != 0.
-  const uint32_t code_offset = sizeof(void*);
-  return OatFile::OatMethod(base, code_offset);
-}
-
 bool ClassLinker::IsQuickResolutionStub(const void* entry_point) const {
   return (entry_point == GetQuickResolutionStub()) ||
       (quick_resolution_trampoline_ == entry_point);
@@ -8065,9 +7938,12 @@
   return GetQuickGenericJniStub();
 }
 
-void ClassLinker::SetEntryPointsToCompiledCode(ArtMethod* method,
-                                               const void* method_code) const {
-  OatFile::OatMethod oat_method = CreateOatMethod(method_code);
+void ClassLinker::SetEntryPointsToCompiledCode(ArtMethod* method, const void* code) const {
+  CHECK(code != nullptr);
+  const uint8_t* base = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(code);  // Base of data points at code.
+  base -= sizeof(void*);  // Move backward so that code_offset != 0.
+  const uint32_t code_offset = sizeof(void*);
+  OatFile::OatMethod oat_method(base, code_offset);
   oat_method.LinkMethod(method);
 }
 
@@ -8075,9 +7951,7 @@
   if (!method->IsNative()) {
     method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(GetQuickToInterpreterBridge());
   } else {
-    const void* quick_method_code = GetQuickGenericJniStub();
-    OatFile::OatMethod oat_method = CreateOatMethod(quick_method_code);
-    oat_method.LinkMethod(method);
+    SetEntryPointsToCompiledCode(method, GetQuickGenericJniStub());
   }
 }
 
@@ -8128,7 +8002,7 @@
 }
 
 pid_t ClassLinker::GetDexLockOwner() {
-  return dex_lock_.GetExclusiveOwnerTid();
+  return Locks::dex_lock_->GetExclusiveOwnerTid();
 }
 
 void ClassLinker::SetClassRoot(ClassRoot class_root, ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) {
@@ -8294,20 +8168,6 @@
   return soa.Env()->NewGlobalRef(local_ref.get());
 }
 
-ArtMethod* ClassLinker::CreateRuntimeMethod(LinearAlloc* linear_alloc) {
-  const size_t method_alignment = ArtMethod::Alignment(image_pointer_size_);
-  const size_t method_size = ArtMethod::Size(image_pointer_size_);
-  LengthPrefixedArray<ArtMethod>* method_array = AllocArtMethodArray(
-      Thread::Current(),
-      linear_alloc,
-      1);
-  ArtMethod* method = &method_array->At(0, method_size, method_alignment);
-  CHECK(method != nullptr);
-  method->SetDexMethodIndex(DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
-  CHECK(method->IsRuntimeMethod());
-  return method;
-}
-
 void ClassLinker::DropFindArrayClassCache() {
   std::fill_n(find_array_class_cache_, kFindArrayCacheSize, GcRoot<mirror::Class>(nullptr));
   find_array_class_cache_next_victim_ = 0;
@@ -8381,7 +8241,7 @@
   std::set<DexCacheResolvedClasses> ret;
   VLOG(class_linker) << "Collecting resolved classes";
   const uint64_t start_time = NanoTime();
-  ReaderMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *DexLock());
+  ReaderMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *Locks::dex_lock_);
   // Loop through all the dex caches and inspect resolved classes.
   for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : GetDexCachesData()) {
     if (soa.Self()->IsJWeakCleared(data.weak_root)) {
@@ -8450,7 +8310,7 @@
   std::unordered_map<std::string, const DexFile*> location_to_dex_file;
   ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
   ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension ants(__FUNCTION__);
-  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *DexLock());
+  ReaderMutexLock mu(self, *Locks::dex_lock_);
   for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : GetDexCachesData()) {
     if (!self->IsJWeakCleared(data.weak_root)) {
       ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache = soa.Decode<mirror::DexCache>(data.weak_root);
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.h b/runtime/class_linker.h
index 60755cd..de1f0f0 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.h
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.h
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@
   bool InitWithoutImage(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> boot_class_path,
                         std::string* error_msg)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Initialize class linker from one or more boot images.
   bool InitFromBootImage(std::string* error_msg)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Add an image space to the class linker, may fix up classloader fields and dex cache fields.
   // The dex files that were newly opened for the space are placed in the out argument
@@ -158,13 +158,13 @@
                      const char* dex_location,
                      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>>* out_dex_files,
                      std::string* error_msg)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   bool OpenImageDexFiles(gc::space::ImageSpace* space,
                          std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>>* out_dex_files,
                          std::string* error_msg)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Finds a class by its descriptor, loading it if necessary.
@@ -173,18 +173,18 @@
                            const char* descriptor,
                            Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Finds a class by its descriptor using the "system" class loader, ie by searching the
   // boot_class_path_.
   mirror::Class* FindSystemClass(Thread* self, const char* descriptor)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Finds the array class given for the element class.
   mirror::Class* FindArrayClass(Thread* self, ObjPtr<mirror::Class>* element_class)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Returns true if the class linker is initialized.
   bool IsInitialized() const {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
                              const DexFile& dex_file,
                              const DexFile::ClassDef& dex_class_def)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Finds a class by its descriptor, returning null if it isn't wasn't loaded
   // by the given 'class_loader'.
@@ -224,10 +224,6 @@
       REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  void DumpAllClasses(int flags)
-      REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-
   void DumpForSigQuit(std::ostream& os) REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_);
 
   size_t NumLoadedClasses()
@@ -261,18 +257,18 @@
                              dex::TypeIndex type_idx,
                              ObjPtr<mirror::Class> referrer)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Resolve a Type with the given index from the DexFile, storing the
   // result in the DexCache. The referrer is used to identify the
   // target DexCache and ClassLoader to use for resolution.
   mirror::Class* ResolveType(dex::TypeIndex type_idx, ArtMethod* referrer)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   mirror::Class* ResolveType(dex::TypeIndex type_idx, ArtField* referrer)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Look up a resolved type with the given ID from the DexFile. The ClassLoader is used to search
   // for the type, since it may be referenced from but not contained within the given DexFile.
@@ -291,7 +287,7 @@
                              Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                              Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Determine whether a dex cache result should be trusted, or an IncompatibleClassChangeError
   // check should be performed even after a hit.
@@ -313,7 +309,7 @@
                            ArtMethod* referrer,
                            InvokeType type)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   ArtMethod* GetResolvedMethod(uint32_t method_idx, ArtMethod* referrer)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -325,17 +321,17 @@
                                                 Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                                                 Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
   template <ResolveMode kResolveMode>
   ArtMethod* ResolveMethod(Thread* self, uint32_t method_idx, ArtMethod* referrer, InvokeType type)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
   ArtMethod* ResolveMethodWithoutInvokeType(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                             uint32_t method_idx,
                                             Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                                             Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   ArtField* GetResolvedField(uint32_t field_idx, ObjPtr<mirror::Class> field_declaring_class)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -343,7 +339,7 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   ArtField* ResolveField(uint32_t field_idx, ArtMethod* referrer, bool is_static)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Resolve a field with a given ID from the DexFile, storing the
   // result in DexCache. The ClassLinker and ClassLoader are used as
@@ -354,7 +350,7 @@
                          Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                          Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader, bool is_static)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Resolve a field with a given ID from the DexFile, storing the
   // result in DexCache. The ClassLinker and ClassLoader are used as
@@ -365,7 +361,7 @@
                             Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                             Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Resolve a method type with a given ID from the DexFile, storing
   // the result in the DexCache.
@@ -374,11 +370,7 @@
                                         Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
                                         Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
-
-  // Get shorty from method index without resolution. Used to do handlerization.
-  const char* MethodShorty(uint32_t method_idx, ArtMethod* referrer, uint32_t* length)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Returns true on success, false if there's an exception pending.
   // can_run_clinit=false allows the compiler to attempt to init a class,
@@ -388,20 +380,20 @@
                          bool can_init_fields,
                          bool can_init_parents)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // Initializes classes that have instances in the image but that have
   // <clinit> methods so they could not be initialized by the compiler.
   void RunRootClinits()
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   mirror::DexCache* RegisterDexFile(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                     ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   void RegisterDexFile(const DexFile& dex_file, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   const std::vector<const DexFile*>& GetBootClassPath() {
@@ -418,22 +410,22 @@
   // can race with insertion and deletion of classes while the visitor is being called.
   void VisitClassesWithoutClassesLock(ClassVisitor* visitor)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   void VisitClassRoots(RootVisitor* visitor, VisitRootFlags flags)
       REQUIRES(!Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, !Locks::trace_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   void VisitRoots(RootVisitor* visitor, VisitRootFlags flags)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, !Locks::trace_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_, !Locks::trace_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   mirror::DexCache* FindDexCache(Thread* self,
                                  const DexFile& dex_file,
                                  bool allow_failure = false)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   void FixupDexCaches(ArtMethod* resolution_method)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Allocate an instance of a java.lang.Object.
@@ -481,18 +473,18 @@
       Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
       verifier::HardFailLogMode log_level = verifier::HardFailLogMode::kLogNone)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
   bool VerifyClassUsingOatFile(const DexFile& dex_file,
                                ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                mirror::Class::Status& oat_file_class_status)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
   void ResolveClassExceptionHandlerTypes(Handle<mirror::Class> klass)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
   void ResolveMethodExceptionHandlerTypes(ArtMethod* klass)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   mirror::Class* CreateProxyClass(ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable& soa,
                                   jstring name,
@@ -505,7 +497,7 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   template<ReadBarrierOption kReadBarrierOption = kWithReadBarrier>
   ArtMethod* FindMethodForProxy(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> proxy_class, ArtMethod* proxy_method)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Get the oat code for a method when its class isn't yet initialized.
@@ -568,7 +560,7 @@
   // Note: the objects are not completely set up. Do not use this outside of tests and the compiler.
   jobject CreatePathClassLoader(Thread* self, const std::vector<const DexFile*>& dex_files)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   PointerSize GetImagePointerSize() const {
     return image_pointer_size_;
@@ -579,8 +571,6 @@
       REQUIRES(Locks::classlinker_classes_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  ArtMethod* CreateRuntimeMethod(LinearAlloc* linear_alloc);
-
   // Clear the ArrayClass cache. This is necessary when cleaning up for the image, as the cache
   // entries are roots, but potentially not image classes.
   void DropFindArrayClassCache() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -611,11 +601,11 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   std::set<DexCacheResolvedClasses> GetResolvedClasses(bool ignore_boot_classes)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   std::unordered_set<std::string> GetClassDescriptorsForProfileKeys(
       const std::set<DexCacheResolvedClasses>& classes)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   static bool IsBootClassLoader(ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable& soa,
                                 ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
@@ -650,7 +640,7 @@
   // class.
   void ThrowEarlierClassFailure(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> c, bool wrap_in_no_class_def = false)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Get the actual holding class for a copied method. Pretty slow, don't call often.
   mirror::Class* GetHoldingClassOfCopiedMethod(ArtMethod* method)
@@ -680,7 +670,7 @@
   bool AttemptSupertypeVerification(Thread* self,
                                     Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
                                     Handle<mirror::Class> supertype)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   static void DeleteClassLoader(Thread* self, const ClassLoaderData& data)
@@ -704,7 +694,7 @@
 
   void FinishInit(Thread* self)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   // For early bootstrapping by Init
   mirror::Class* AllocClass(Thread* self,
@@ -731,17 +721,9 @@
                                                const DexFile& dex_file,
                                                LinearAlloc* linear_alloc)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
-  void InitializeDexCache(Thread* self,
-                          ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
-                          ObjPtr<mirror::String> location,
-                          const DexFile& dex_file,
-                          LinearAlloc* linear_alloc)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(dex_lock_);
-
   mirror::Class* CreatePrimitiveClass(Thread* self, Primitive::Type type)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
       REQUIRES(!Roles::uninterruptible_);
@@ -755,14 +737,14 @@
                                   size_t hash,
                                   Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_, !Roles::uninterruptible_);
 
   void AppendToBootClassPath(Thread* self, const DexFile& dex_file)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
   void AppendToBootClassPath(const DexFile& dex_file, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Precomputes size needed for Class, in the case of a non-temporary class this size must be
   // sufficient to hold all static fields.
@@ -810,7 +792,7 @@
                                      Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader,
                                      ObjPtr<mirror::Class>* result)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // Finds a class by its descriptor, returning NULL if it isn't wasn't loaded
   // by the given 'class_loader'. Uses the provided hash for the descriptor.
@@ -822,10 +804,10 @@
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   void RegisterDexFileLocked(const DexFile& dex_file, Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache)
-      REQUIRES(dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   mirror::DexCache* FindDexCacheLocked(Thread* self, const DexFile& dex_file, bool allow_failure)
-      REQUIRES(dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   bool InitializeClass(Thread* self,
@@ -833,12 +815,12 @@
                        bool can_run_clinit,
                        bool can_init_parents)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
   bool InitializeDefaultInterfaceRecursive(Thread* self,
                                            Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
                                            bool can_run_clinit,
                                            bool can_init_parents)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
   bool WaitForInitializeClass(Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
                               Thread* self,
@@ -871,7 +853,7 @@
 
   bool LoadSuperAndInterfaces(Handle<mirror::Class> klass, const DexFile& dex_file)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   bool LinkMethods(Thread* self,
                    Handle<mirror::Class> klass,
@@ -1037,17 +1019,11 @@
   void CheckProxyMethod(ArtMethod* method, ArtMethod* prototype) const
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  // For use by ImageWriter to find DexCaches for its roots
-  ReaderWriterMutex* DexLock()
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      LOCK_RETURNED(dex_lock_) {
-    return &dex_lock_;
-  }
-  size_t GetDexCacheCount() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_, dex_lock_) {
+  size_t GetDexCacheCount() REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::dex_lock_) {
     return dex_caches_.size();
   }
   const std::list<DexCacheData>& GetDexCachesData()
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_, dex_lock_) {
+      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::dex_lock_) {
     return dex_caches_;
   }
 
@@ -1056,12 +1032,6 @@
   void CreateProxyMethod(Handle<mirror::Class> klass, ArtMethod* prototype, ArtMethod* out)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
-  // Ensures that methods have the kAccSkipAccessChecks bit set. We use the
-  // kAccVerificationAttempted bit on the class access flags to determine whether this has been done
-  // before.
-  void EnsureSkipAccessChecksMethods(Handle<mirror::Class> c)
-      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
-
   // Register a class loader and create its class table and allocator. Should not be called if
   // these are already created.
   void RegisterClassLoader(ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader)
@@ -1086,7 +1056,7 @@
   mirror::Class* EnsureResolved(Thread* self, const char* descriptor, ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass)
       WARN_UNUSED
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_);
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   void FixupTemporaryDeclaringClass(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> temp_class,
                                     ObjPtr<mirror::Class> new_class)
@@ -1117,12 +1087,12 @@
       ClassTable::ClassSet* new_class_set,
       bool* out_forward_dex_cache_array,
       std::string* out_error_msg)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Check that c1 == FindSystemClass(self, descriptor). Abort with class dumps otherwise.
   void CheckSystemClass(Thread* self, Handle<mirror::Class> c1, const char* descriptor)
-      REQUIRES(!dex_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(!Locks::dex_lock_)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
   // Sets imt_ref appropriately for LinkInterfaceMethods.
@@ -1153,10 +1123,9 @@
   std::vector<const DexFile*> boot_class_path_;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> boot_dex_files_;
 
-  mutable ReaderWriterMutex dex_lock_ DEFAULT_MUTEX_ACQUIRED_AFTER;
   // JNI weak globals and side data to allow dex caches to get unloaded. We lazily delete weak
   // globals when we register new dex files.
-  std::list<DexCacheData> dex_caches_ GUARDED_BY(dex_lock_);
+  std::list<DexCacheData> dex_caches_ GUARDED_BY(Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   // This contains the class loaders which have class tables. It is populated by
   // InsertClassTableForClassLoader.
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker_test.cc b/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
index 7c06ffe..ddb9e59 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker_test.cc
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@
   ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
   MutableHandle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle<mirror::DexCache>(nullptr));
   {
-    ReaderMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *class_linker->DexLock());
+    ReaderMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *Locks::dex_lock_);
     for (const ClassLinker::DexCacheData& data : class_linker->GetDexCachesData()) {
       dex_cache.Assign(soa.Self()->DecodeJObject(data.weak_root)->AsDexCache());
       if (dex_cache.Get() != nullptr) {
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@
                                                 0u,
                                                 nullptr));
   {
-    WriterMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *class_linker->DexLock());
+    WriterMutexLock mu(soa.Self(), *Locks::dex_lock_);
     // Check that inserting with a UTF16 name works.
     class_linker->RegisterDexFileLocked(*dex_file, dex_cache);
   }
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
index a32d51f..741cf3b 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.cc
@@ -22,15 +22,123 @@
 #include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
 #include "gc/heap.h"
 #include "globals.h"
+#include "linear_alloc.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "object-inl.h"
 #include "object_array-inl.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
 #include "string.h"
+#include "thread.h"
+#include "utils/dex_cache_arrays_layout-inl.h"
 
 namespace art {
 namespace mirror {
 
+void DexCache::InitializeDexCache(Thread* self,
+                                  ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                  ObjPtr<mirror::String> location,
+                                  const DexFile* dex_file,
+                                  LinearAlloc* linear_alloc,
+                                  PointerSize image_pointer_size) {
+  DCHECK(dex_file != nullptr);
+  ScopedAssertNoThreadSuspension sants(__FUNCTION__);
+  DexCacheArraysLayout layout(image_pointer_size, dex_file);
+  uint8_t* raw_arrays = nullptr;
+
+  const OatDexFile* const oat_dex = dex_file->GetOatDexFile();
+  if (oat_dex != nullptr && oat_dex->GetDexCacheArrays() != nullptr) {
+    raw_arrays = oat_dex->GetDexCacheArrays();
+  } else if (dex_file->NumStringIds() != 0u ||
+             dex_file->NumTypeIds() != 0u ||
+             dex_file->NumMethodIds() != 0u ||
+             dex_file->NumFieldIds() != 0u) {
+    // Zero-initialized.
+    raw_arrays = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(linear_alloc->Alloc(self, layout.Size()));
+  }
+
+  mirror::StringDexCacheType* strings = (dex_file->NumStringIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<mirror::StringDexCacheType*>(raw_arrays + layout.StringsOffset());
+  GcRoot<mirror::Class>* types = (dex_file->NumTypeIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<GcRoot<mirror::Class>*>(raw_arrays + layout.TypesOffset());
+  ArtMethod** methods = (dex_file->NumMethodIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<ArtMethod**>(raw_arrays + layout.MethodsOffset());
+  ArtField** fields = (dex_file->NumFieldIds() == 0u) ? nullptr :
+      reinterpret_cast<ArtField**>(raw_arrays + layout.FieldsOffset());
+
+  size_t num_strings = mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheStringCacheSize;
+  if (dex_file->NumStringIds() < num_strings) {
+    num_strings = dex_file->NumStringIds();
+  }
+
+  // Note that we allocate the method type dex caches regardless of this flag,
+  // and we make sure here that they're not used by the runtime. This is in the
+  // interest of simplicity and to avoid extensive compiler and layout class changes.
+  //
+  // If this needs to be mitigated in a production system running this code,
+  // DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize can be set to zero.
+  mirror::MethodTypeDexCacheType* method_types = nullptr;
+  size_t num_method_types = 0;
+
+  if (dex_file->NumProtoIds() < mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize) {
+    num_method_types = dex_file->NumProtoIds();
+  } else {
+    num_method_types = mirror::DexCache::kDexCacheMethodTypeCacheSize;
+  }
+
+  if (num_method_types > 0) {
+    method_types = reinterpret_cast<mirror::MethodTypeDexCacheType*>(
+        raw_arrays + layout.MethodTypesOffset());
+  }
+
+  DCHECK_ALIGNED(raw_arrays, alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
+                 "Expected raw_arrays to align to StringDexCacheType.";
+  DCHECK_ALIGNED(layout.StringsOffset(), alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
+                 "Expected StringsOffset() to align to StringDexCacheType.";
+  DCHECK_ALIGNED(strings, alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType)) <<
+                 "Expected strings to align to StringDexCacheType.";
+  static_assert(alignof(mirror::StringDexCacheType) == 8u,
+                "Expected StringDexCacheType to have align of 8.");
+  if (kIsDebugBuild) {
+    // Sanity check to make sure all the dex cache arrays are empty. b/28992179
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_strings; ++i) {
+      CHECK_EQ(strings[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).index, 0u);
+      CHECK(strings[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).object.IsNull());
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file->NumTypeIds(); ++i) {
+      CHECK(types[i].IsNull());
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file->NumMethodIds(); ++i) {
+      CHECK(mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(methods, i, image_pointer_size) == nullptr);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_file->NumFieldIds(); ++i) {
+      CHECK(mirror::DexCache::GetElementPtrSize(fields, i, image_pointer_size) == nullptr);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_method_types; ++i) {
+      CHECK_EQ(method_types[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).index, 0u);
+      CHECK(method_types[i].load(std::memory_order_relaxed).object.IsNull());
+    }
+  }
+  if (strings != nullptr) {
+    mirror::StringDexCachePair::Initialize(strings);
+  }
+  if (method_types != nullptr) {
+    mirror::MethodTypeDexCachePair::Initialize(method_types);
+  }
+  dex_cache->Init(dex_file,
+                  location,
+                  strings,
+                  num_strings,
+                  types,
+                  dex_file->NumTypeIds(),
+                  methods,
+                  dex_file->NumMethodIds(),
+                  fields,
+                  dex_file->NumFieldIds(),
+                  method_types,
+                  num_method_types,
+                  image_pointer_size);
+}
+
 void DexCache::Init(const DexFile* dex_file,
                     ObjPtr<String> location,
                     StringDexCacheType* strings,
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
index cc4d01a..ec265e5 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/dex_cache.h
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 class DexFile;
 class ImageWriter;
 union JValue;
+class LinearAlloc;
+class Thread;
 
 namespace mirror {
 
@@ -137,19 +139,14 @@
     return sizeof(DexCache);
   }
 
-  void Init(const DexFile* dex_file,
-            ObjPtr<String> location,
-            StringDexCacheType* strings,
-            uint32_t num_strings,
-            GcRoot<Class>* resolved_types,
-            uint32_t num_resolved_types,
-            ArtMethod** resolved_methods,
-            uint32_t num_resolved_methods,
-            ArtField** resolved_fields,
-            uint32_t num_resolved_fields,
-            MethodTypeDexCacheType* resolved_methodtypes,
-            uint32_t num_resolved_methodtypes,
-            PointerSize pointer_size) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  static void InitializeDexCache(Thread* self,
+                                 ObjPtr<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache,
+                                 ObjPtr<mirror::String> location,
+                                 const DexFile* dex_file,
+                                 LinearAlloc* linear_alloc,
+                                 PointerSize image_pointer_size)
+      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)
+      REQUIRES(Locks::dex_lock_);
 
   void Fixup(ArtMethod* trampoline, PointerSize pointer_size)
       REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
@@ -339,6 +336,21 @@
   static void SetElementPtrSize(PtrType* ptr_array, size_t idx, PtrType ptr, PointerSize ptr_size);
 
  private:
+  void Init(const DexFile* dex_file,
+            ObjPtr<String> location,
+            StringDexCacheType* strings,
+            uint32_t num_strings,
+            GcRoot<Class>* resolved_types,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_types,
+            ArtMethod** resolved_methods,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_methods,
+            ArtField** resolved_fields,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_fields,
+            MethodTypeDexCacheType* resolved_methodtypes,
+            uint32_t num_resolved_methodtypes,
+            PointerSize pointer_size)
+      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
   // Visit instance fields of the dex cache as well as its associated arrays.
   template <bool kVisitNativeRoots,
             VerifyObjectFlags kVerifyFlags = kDefaultVerifyFlags,
diff --git a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_VMDebug.cc b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_VMDebug.cc
index adf35b6..67b2e1c 100644
--- a/runtime/native/dalvik_system_VMDebug.cc
+++ b/runtime/native/dalvik_system_VMDebug.cc
@@ -177,8 +177,22 @@
 }
 
 static void VMDebug_printLoadedClasses(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jint flags) {
+  class DumpClassVisitor : public ClassVisitor {
+   public:
+    explicit DumpClassVisitor(int dump_flags) : flags_(dump_flags) {}
+
+    bool operator()(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass) OVERRIDE REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+      klass->DumpClass(LOG_STREAM(ERROR), flags_);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const int flags_;
+  };
+  DumpClassVisitor visitor(flags);
+
   ScopedFastNativeObjectAccess soa(env);
-  return Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->DumpAllClasses(flags);
+  return Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->VisitClasses(&visitor);
 }
 
 static jint VMDebug_getLoadedClassCount(JNIEnv* env, jclass) {
diff --git a/runtime/runtime.cc b/runtime/runtime.cc
index 92e00ec..66bb803 100644
--- a/runtime/runtime.cc
+++ b/runtime/runtime.cc
@@ -1736,9 +1736,24 @@
   }
 }
 
+static ArtMethod* CreateRuntimeMethod(ClassLinker* class_linker, LinearAlloc* linear_alloc) {
+  const PointerSize image_pointer_size = class_linker->GetImagePointerSize();
+  const size_t method_alignment = ArtMethod::Alignment(image_pointer_size);
+  const size_t method_size = ArtMethod::Size(image_pointer_size);
+  LengthPrefixedArray<ArtMethod>* method_array = class_linker->AllocArtMethodArray(
+      Thread::Current(),
+      linear_alloc,
+      1);
+  ArtMethod* method = &method_array->At(0, method_size, method_alignment);
+  CHECK(method != nullptr);
+  method->SetDexMethodIndex(DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
+  CHECK(method->IsRuntimeMethod());
+  return method;
+}
+
 ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateImtConflictMethod(LinearAlloc* linear_alloc) {
   ClassLinker* const class_linker = GetClassLinker();
-  ArtMethod* method = class_linker->CreateRuntimeMethod(linear_alloc);
+  ArtMethod* method = CreateRuntimeMethod(class_linker, linear_alloc);
   // When compiling, the code pointer will get set later when the image is loaded.
   const PointerSize pointer_size = GetInstructionSetPointerSize(instruction_set_);
   if (IsAotCompiler()) {
@@ -1759,7 +1774,7 @@
 }
 
 ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateResolutionMethod() {
-  auto* method = GetClassLinker()->CreateRuntimeMethod(GetLinearAlloc());
+  auto* method = CreateRuntimeMethod(GetClassLinker(), GetLinearAlloc());
   // When compiling, the code pointer will get set later when the image is loaded.
   if (IsAotCompiler()) {
     PointerSize pointer_size = GetInstructionSetPointerSize(instruction_set_);
@@ -1771,7 +1786,7 @@
 }
 
 ArtMethod* Runtime::CreateCalleeSaveMethod() {
-  auto* method = GetClassLinker()->CreateRuntimeMethod(GetLinearAlloc());
+  auto* method = CreateRuntimeMethod(GetClassLinker(), GetLinearAlloc());
   PointerSize pointer_size = GetInstructionSetPointerSize(instruction_set_);
   method->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCodePtrSize(nullptr, pointer_size);
   DCHECK_NE(instruction_set_, kNone);