diff --git a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
index 05705a2..a35f306 100644
--- a/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
+++ b/compiler/driver/compiler_driver.cc
@@ -883,8 +883,13 @@
   }
 
   // java.lang.Reference visitor for VisitReferences.
-  void operator()(mirror::Class* /* klass */, mirror::Reference* /* ref */) const {
-  }
+  void operator()(mirror::Class* klass ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, mirror::Reference* ref ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+
+  // Ignore class native roots.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
 
   void Walk() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     // Use the initial classes as roots for a search.
diff --git a/compiler/image_writer.cc b/compiler/image_writer.cc
index 3ba1415..293a488 100644
--- a/compiler/image_writer.cc
+++ b/compiler/image_writer.cc
@@ -1189,6 +1189,13 @@
   FixupVisitor(ImageWriter* image_writer, Object* copy) : image_writer_(image_writer), copy_(copy) {
   }
 
+  // Ignore class roots since we don't have a way to map them to the destination. These are handled
+  // with other logic.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
+
+
   void operator()(Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<Object, kVerifyNone>(offset);
@@ -1200,8 +1207,7 @@
 
   // java.lang.ref.Reference visitor.
   void operator()(mirror::Class* klass ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, mirror::Reference* ref) const
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     copy_->SetFieldObjectWithoutWriteBarrier<false, true, kVerifyNone>(
         mirror::Reference::ReferentOffset(), image_writer_->GetImageAddress(ref->GetReferent()));
   }
@@ -1224,8 +1230,7 @@
 
   void operator()(mirror::Class* klass ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
                   mirror::Reference* ref ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "Reference not expected here.";
   }
 };
diff --git a/patchoat/patchoat.h b/patchoat/patchoat.h
index 6da516c..466dacb 100644
--- a/patchoat/patchoat.h
+++ b/patchoat/patchoat.h
@@ -177,10 +177,15 @@
     PatchVisitor(PatchOat* patcher, mirror::Object* copy) : patcher_(patcher), copy_(copy) {}
     ~PatchVisitor() {}
     void operator() (mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset off, bool b) const
-      REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
+        REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
     // For reference classes.
     void operator() (mirror::Class* cls, mirror::Reference* ref) const
-      REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
+        REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
+    // TODO: Consider using these for updating native class roots?
+    void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+        const {}
+    void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
+
   private:
     PatchOat* const patcher_;
     mirror::Object* const copy_;
diff --git a/runtime/art_field.h b/runtime/art_field.h
index 1a0ee0f..fa0694b 100644
--- a/runtime/art_field.h
+++ b/runtime/art_field.h
@@ -151,8 +151,9 @@
   void SetObj(mirror::Object* object, mirror::Object* new_value)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  // NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS since we don't know what the callback requires.
   template<typename RootVisitorType>
-  void VisitRoots(RootVisitorType& visitor) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void VisitRoots(RootVisitorType& visitor) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
 
   bool IsVolatile() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     return (GetAccessFlags() & kAccVolatile) != 0;
diff --git a/runtime/art_method.h b/runtime/art_method.h
index a5bd2f0..90352b7 100644
--- a/runtime/art_method.h
+++ b/runtime/art_method.h
@@ -447,8 +447,9 @@
                           bool* has_no_move_exception)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
+  // NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS since we don't know what the callback requires.
   template<typename RootVisitorType>
-  void VisitRoots(RootVisitorType& visitor) SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void VisitRoots(RootVisitorType& visitor) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
 
   const DexFile* GetDexFile() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
 
diff --git a/runtime/class_linker.cc b/runtime/class_linker.cc
index fc59d50..6a76bf7 100644
--- a/runtime/class_linker.cc
+++ b/runtime/class_linker.cc
@@ -1252,8 +1252,7 @@
     // There is 3 GC cases to handle:
     // Non moving concurrent:
     // This case is easy to handle since the reference members of ArtMethod and ArtFields are held
-    // live by the class and class roots. In this case we probably don't even need to call
-    // VisitNativeRoots.
+    // live by the class and class roots.
     //
     // Moving non-concurrent:
     // This case needs to call visit VisitNativeRoots in case the classes or dex cache arrays move.
@@ -1266,23 +1265,14 @@
     // marked concurrently and we don't hold the classlinker_classes_lock_ when we do the copy.
     for (GcRoot<mirror::Class>& root : class_table_) {
       buffered_visitor.VisitRoot(root);
-      if ((flags & kVisitRootFlagNonMoving) == 0) {
-        // Don't bother visiting ArtField and ArtMethod if kVisitRootFlagNonMoving is set since
-        // these roots are all reachable from the class or dex cache.
-        root.Read()->VisitNativeRoots(buffered_visitor, image_pointer_size_);
-      }
     }
     // PreZygote classes can't move so we won't need to update fields' declaring classes.
     for (GcRoot<mirror::Class>& root : pre_zygote_class_table_) {
       buffered_visitor.VisitRoot(root);
-      if ((flags & kVisitRootFlagNonMoving) == 0) {
-        root.Read()->VisitNativeRoots(buffered_visitor, image_pointer_size_);
-      }
     }
   } else if ((flags & kVisitRootFlagNewRoots) != 0) {
     for (auto& root : new_class_roots_) {
       mirror::Class* old_ref = root.Read<kWithoutReadBarrier>();
-      old_ref->VisitNativeRoots(buffered_visitor, image_pointer_size_);
       root.VisitRoot(visitor, RootInfo(kRootStickyClass));
       mirror::Class* new_ref = root.Read<kWithoutReadBarrier>();
       if (UNLIKELY(new_ref != old_ref)) {
diff --git a/runtime/gc/accounting/mod_union_table.cc b/runtime/gc/accounting/mod_union_table.cc
index 68e7fa0..157f609 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/accounting/mod_union_table.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/accounting/mod_union_table.cc
@@ -110,6 +110,18 @@
     }
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild && !root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    DCHECK(from_space_->HasAddress(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
   MarkObjectVisitor* const visitor_;
   // Space which we are scanning
@@ -163,7 +175,7 @@
   }
 
   // Extra parameters are required since we use this same visitor signature for checking objects.
-  void operator()(Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /*is_static*/) const
+  void operator()(Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     mirror::HeapReference<Object>* ref_ptr = obj->GetFieldObjectReferenceAddr(offset);
     mirror::Object* ref = ref_ptr->AsMirrorPtr();
@@ -174,6 +186,18 @@
     }
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild && !root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    DCHECK(!mod_union_table_->ShouldAddReference(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
   ModUnionTableReferenceCache* const mod_union_table_;
   std::vector<mirror::HeapReference<Object>*>* const references_;
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@
   }
 
   // Extra parameters are required since we use this same visitor signature for checking objects.
-  void operator()(Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /*is_static*/) const
+  void operator()(Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_, Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     mirror::Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset);
     if (ref != nullptr && mod_union_table_->ShouldAddReference(ref) &&
@@ -228,6 +252,18 @@
     }
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild && !root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    DCHECK(!mod_union_table_->ShouldAddReference(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
   ModUnionTableReferenceCache* const mod_union_table_;
   const std::set<const Object*>& references_;
diff --git a/runtime/gc/accounting/remembered_set.cc b/runtime/gc/accounting/remembered_set.cc
index 994a0ad..251b50d 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/accounting/remembered_set.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/accounting/remembered_set.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
       : collector_(collector), target_space_(target_space),
         contains_reference_to_target_space_(contains_reference_to_target_space) {}
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* is_static */) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     DCHECK(obj != nullptr);
     mirror::HeapReference<mirror::Object>* ref_ptr = obj->GetFieldObjectReferenceAddr(offset);
@@ -79,14 +79,25 @@
   }
 
   void operator()(mirror::Class* klass, mirror::Reference* ref) const
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     if (target_space_->HasAddress(ref->GetReferent())) {
       *contains_reference_to_target_space_ = true;
       collector_->DelayReferenceReferent(klass, ref);
     }
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild && !root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    DCHECK(!target_space_->HasAddress(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
   collector::GarbageCollector* const collector_;
   space::ContinuousSpace* const target_space_;
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.cc b/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.cc
index baa33b3..ec689f8 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.cc
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
   explicit ConcurrentCopyingVerifyNoFromSpaceRefsFieldVisitor(ConcurrentCopying* collector)
       : collector_(collector) {}
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* is_static */) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
     mirror::Object* ref =
         obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object, kDefaultVerifyFlags, kWithoutReadBarrier>(offset);
@@ -651,6 +651,19 @@
     this->operator()(ref, mirror::Reference::ReferentOffset(), false);
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    ConcurrentCopyingVerifyNoFromSpaceRefsVisitor visitor(collector_);
+    visitor(root->AsMirrorPtr());
+  }
+
  private:
   ConcurrentCopying* const collector_;
 };
@@ -750,18 +763,31 @@
   explicit ConcurrentCopyingAssertToSpaceInvariantFieldVisitor(ConcurrentCopying* collector)
       : collector_(collector) {}
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* is_static */) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
     mirror::Object* ref =
         obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object, kDefaultVerifyFlags, kWithoutReadBarrier>(offset);
     ConcurrentCopyingAssertToSpaceInvariantRefsVisitor visitor(collector_);
     visitor(ref);
   }
-  void operator()(mirror::Class* klass, mirror::Reference* /* ref */) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Class* klass, mirror::Reference* ref ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) ALWAYS_INLINE {
     CHECK(klass->IsTypeOfReferenceClass());
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    ConcurrentCopyingAssertToSpaceInvariantRefsVisitor visitor(collector_);
+    visitor(root->AsMirrorPtr());
+  }
+
  private:
   ConcurrentCopying* const collector_;
 };
@@ -1500,6 +1526,18 @@
     collector_->DelayReferenceReferent(klass, ref);
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    collector_->MarkRoot(root);
+  }
+
  private:
   ConcurrentCopying* const collector_;
 };
@@ -1513,7 +1551,8 @@
 
 // Process a field.
 inline void ConcurrentCopying::Process(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset) {
-  mirror::Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object, kVerifyNone, kWithoutReadBarrier, false>(offset);
+  mirror::Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<
+      mirror::Object, kVerifyNone, kWithoutReadBarrier, false>(offset);
   if (ref == nullptr || region_space_->IsInToSpace(ref)) {
     return;
   }
@@ -1530,8 +1569,8 @@
       // It was updated by the mutator.
       break;
     }
-  } while (!obj->CasFieldWeakSequentiallyConsistentObjectWithoutWriteBarrier<false, false, kVerifyNone>(
-      offset, expected_ref, new_ref));
+  } while (!obj->CasFieldWeakSequentiallyConsistentObjectWithoutWriteBarrier<
+      false, false, kVerifyNone>(offset, expected_ref, new_ref));
 }
 
 // Process some roots.
@@ -1559,22 +1598,18 @@
   }
 }
 
-void ConcurrentCopying::VisitRoots(
-    mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>** roots, size_t count,
-    const RootInfo& info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-    mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root = roots[i];
-    mirror::Object* ref = root->AsMirrorPtr();
-    if (ref == nullptr || region_space_->IsInToSpace(ref)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    mirror::Object* to_ref = Mark(ref);
-    if (to_ref == ref) {
-      continue;
-    }
+void ConcurrentCopying::MarkRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) {
+  DCHECK(!root->IsNull());
+  mirror::Object* const ref = root->AsMirrorPtr();
+  if (region_space_->IsInToSpace(ref)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  mirror::Object* to_ref = Mark(ref);
+  if (to_ref != ref) {
     auto* addr = reinterpret_cast<Atomic<mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>>*>(root);
     auto expected_ref = mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>::FromMirrorPtr(ref);
     auto new_ref = mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>::FromMirrorPtr(to_ref);
+    // If the cas fails, then it was updated by the mutator.
     do {
       if (ref != addr->LoadRelaxed().AsMirrorPtr()) {
         // It was updated by the mutator.
@@ -1584,6 +1619,17 @@
   }
 }
 
+void ConcurrentCopying::VisitRoots(
+    mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>** roots, size_t count,
+    const RootInfo& info ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* const root = roots[i];
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      MarkRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Fill the given memory block with a dummy object. Used to fill in a
 // copy of objects that was lost in race.
 void ConcurrentCopying::FillWithDummyObject(mirror::Object* dummy_obj, size_t byte_size) {
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.h b/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.h
index d324ce1..a4fd71c 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/concurrent_copying.h
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@
   virtual void VisitRoots(mirror::Object*** roots, size_t count, const RootInfo& info)
       OVERRIDE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
       REQUIRES(!mark_stack_lock_, !skipped_blocks_lock_);
+  void MarkRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root)
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!mark_stack_lock_, !skipped_blocks_lock_);
   virtual void VisitRoots(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>** roots, size_t count,
                           const RootInfo& info)
       OVERRIDE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_compact.cc b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_compact.cc
index c5ad613..4b2c588 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_compact.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_compact.cc
@@ -438,6 +438,19 @@
         ref->GetFieldObjectReferenceAddr<kVerifyNone>(mirror::Reference::ReferentOffset()));
   }
 
+  // TODO: Remove NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS when clang better understands visitors.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    root->Assign(collector_->GetMarkedForwardAddress(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
   MarkCompact* const collector_;
 };
@@ -575,6 +588,19 @@
     collector_->DelayReferenceReferent(klass, ref);
   }
 
+  // TODO: Remove NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS when clang better understands visitors.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    collector_->MarkObject(root->AsMirrorPtr());
+  }
+
  private:
   MarkCompact* const collector_;
 };
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.cc b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.cc
index 92dde51..7f2c204 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.cc
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
       : mark_sweep_(mark_sweep), holder_(holder), offset_(offset) {
   }
 
-  void operator()(const mirror::Object* obj) const ALWAYS_INLINE NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+  void operator()(const mirror::Object* obj) const NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
     if (kProfileLargeObjects) {
       // TODO: Differentiate between marking and testing somehow.
       ++mark_sweep_->large_object_test_;
@@ -597,8 +597,7 @@
       : mark_sweep_(mark_sweep) {}
 
   void operator()(mirror::Object* obj) const ALWAYS_INLINE
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     if (kCheckLocks) {
       Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertSharedHeld(Thread::Current());
       Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
@@ -649,13 +648,33 @@
  protected:
   class MarkObjectParallelVisitor {
    public:
-    explicit MarkObjectParallelVisitor(MarkStackTask<kUseFinger>* chunk_task,
-                                       MarkSweep* mark_sweep) ALWAYS_INLINE
-            : chunk_task_(chunk_task), mark_sweep_(mark_sweep) {}
+    ALWAYS_INLINE explicit MarkObjectParallelVisitor(MarkStackTask<kUseFinger>* chunk_task,
+                                                     MarkSweep* mark_sweep)
+        : chunk_task_(chunk_task), mark_sweep_(mark_sweep) {}
 
-    void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* static */) const ALWAYS_INLINE
+    void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* static */) const
+        ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+      Mark(obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset));
+    }
+
+    void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
         SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-      mirror::Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset);
+      if (!root->IsNull()) {
+        VisitRoot(root);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+        SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+      if (kCheckLocks) {
+        Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertSharedHeld(Thread::Current());
+        Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+      }
+      Mark(root->AsMirrorPtr());
+    }
+
+   private:
+    void Mark(mirror::Object* ref) const ALWAYS_INLINE SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
       if (ref != nullptr && mark_sweep_->MarkObjectParallel(ref)) {
         if (kUseFinger) {
           std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
@@ -668,7 +687,6 @@
       }
     }
 
-   private:
     MarkStackTask<kUseFinger>* const chunk_task_;
     MarkSweep* const mark_sweep_;
   };
@@ -1268,6 +1286,22 @@
     mark_sweep_->MarkObject(obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset), obj, offset);
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+    if (kCheckLocks) {
+      Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertSharedHeld(Thread::Current());
+      Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+    }
+    mark_sweep_->MarkObject(root->AsMirrorPtr());
+  }
+
  private:
   MarkSweep* const mark_sweep_;
 };
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.h b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.h
index 99e00f9..606be63 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.h
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/mark_sweep.h
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@
 
   ~MarkSweep() {}
 
-  virtual void RunPhases() OVERRIDE NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS;
+  virtual void RunPhases() OVERRIDE REQUIRES(!mark_stack_lock_);
   void InitializePhase();
-  void MarkingPhase() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, !mark_stack_lock_);
+  void MarkingPhase() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!mark_stack_lock_);
   void PausePhase() REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, !mark_stack_lock_);
   void ReclaimPhase() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!mark_stack_lock_);
-  void FinishPhase() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+  void FinishPhase();
   virtual void MarkReachableObjects()
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_, !mark_stack_lock_);
 
diff --git a/runtime/gc/collector/semi_space.cc b/runtime/gc/collector/semi_space.cc
index e93ff05..acc1d9b 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/collector/semi_space.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/collector/semi_space.cc
@@ -295,8 +295,26 @@
       LOG(FATAL) << ref << " found in from space";
     }
   }
+
+  // TODO: Remove NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS when clang better understands visitors.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild) {
+      Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+      Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+    }
+    CHECK(!from_space_->HasAddress(root->AsMirrorPtr()));
+  }
+
  private:
-  space::ContinuousMemMapAllocSpace* from_space_;
+  space::ContinuousMemMapAllocSpace* const from_space_;
 };
 
 void SemiSpace::VerifyNoFromSpaceReferences(Object* obj) {
@@ -313,6 +331,7 @@
     DCHECK(obj != nullptr);
     semi_space_->VerifyNoFromSpaceReferences(obj);
   }
+
  private:
   SemiSpace* const semi_space_;
 };
@@ -670,11 +689,27 @@
   }
 
   void operator()(mirror::Class* klass, mirror::Reference* ref) const
-      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+      REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     collector_->DelayReferenceReferent(klass, ref);
   }
 
+  // TODO: Remove NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS when clang better understands visitors.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    if (kIsDebugBuild) {
+      Locks::mutator_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+      Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_->AssertExclusiveHeld(Thread::Current());
+    }
+    collector_->MarkObject(root);
+  }
+
  private:
   SemiSpace* const collector_;
 };
diff --git a/runtime/gc/heap.cc b/runtime/gc/heap.cc
index 7a9e418..07309d8 100644
--- a/runtime/gc/heap.cc
+++ b/runtime/gc/heap.cc
@@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@
   }
 
   // For Object::VisitReferences.
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /* is_static */) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     mirror::Object* ref = obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset);
     if (ref == object_ && (max_count_ == 0 || referring_objects_.size() < max_count_)) {
@@ -1788,6 +1788,10 @@
     }
   }
 
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
+
  private:
   const mirror::Object* const object_;
   const uint32_t max_count_;
@@ -2612,15 +2616,14 @@
     return fail_count_->LoadSequentiallyConsistent();
   }
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Class* klass, mirror::Reference* ref) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Class* klass ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, mirror::Reference* ref) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
-    UNUSED(klass);
     if (verify_referent_) {
       VerifyReference(ref, ref->GetReferent(), mirror::Reference::ReferentOffset());
     }
   }
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool /*is_static*/) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     VerifyReference(obj, obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(offset), offset);
   }
@@ -2629,7 +2632,19 @@
     return heap_->IsLiveObjectLocked(obj, true, false, true);
   }
 
-  void VisitRoot(mirror::Object* root, const RootInfo& root_info) OVERRIDE
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    if (!root->IsNull()) {
+      VisitRoot(root);
+    }
+  }
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root) const
+      SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
+    const_cast<VerifyReferenceVisitor*>(this)->VisitRoot(
+        root->AsMirrorPtr(), RootInfo(kRootVMInternal));
+  }
+
+  virtual void VisitRoot(mirror::Object* root, const RootInfo& root_info) OVERRIDE
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
     if (root == nullptr) {
       LOG(ERROR) << "Root is null with info " << root_info.GetType();
@@ -2747,7 +2762,7 @@
       : heap_(heap), fail_count_(fail_count), verify_referent_(verify_referent) {
   }
 
-  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj) const
+  void operator()(mirror::Object* obj)
       SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_, Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     // Note: we are verifying the references in obj but not obj itself, this is because obj must
     // be live or else how did we find it in the live bitmap?
@@ -2762,8 +2777,7 @@
     visitor->operator()(obj);
   }
 
-  void VerifyRoots() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_)
-      REQUIRES(!Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
+  void VerifyRoots() SHARED_REQUIRES(Locks::mutator_lock_) REQUIRES(!Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_) {
     ReaderMutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::heap_bitmap_lock_);
     VerifyReferenceVisitor visitor(heap_, fail_count_, verify_referent_);
     Runtime::Current()->VisitRoots(&visitor);
@@ -2860,6 +2874,11 @@
       : heap_(heap), failed_(failed) {
   }
 
+  // There is no card marks for native roots on a class.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
+
   // TODO: Fix lock analysis to not use NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS, requires support for
   // annotalysis on visitors.
   void operator()(mirror::Object* obj, MemberOffset offset, bool is_static) const
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h b/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
index fc27315..069e346 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
+++ b/runtime/mirror/class-inl.h
@@ -680,6 +680,8 @@
     // linked yet.
     VisitStaticFieldsReferences<kVisitClass>(this, visitor);
   }
+  // Since this class is reachable, we must also visit the associated roots when we scan it.
+  VisitNativeRoots(visitor, Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetImagePointerSize());
 }
 
 template<ReadBarrierOption kReadBarrierOption>
@@ -816,20 +818,22 @@
   if (sfields != nullptr) {
     for (size_t i = 0, count = NumStaticFields(); i < count; ++i) {
       auto* f = &sfields[i];
+      // Visit roots first in case the declaring class gets moved.
+      f->VisitRoots(visitor);
       if (kIsDebugBuild && IsResolved()) {
         CHECK_EQ(f->GetDeclaringClass(), this) << GetStatus();
       }
-      f->VisitRoots(visitor);
     }
   }
   ArtField* const ifields = GetIFieldsUnchecked();
   if (ifields != nullptr) {
     for (size_t i = 0, count = NumInstanceFields(); i < count; ++i) {
       auto* f = &ifields[i];
+      // Visit roots first in case the declaring class gets moved.
+      f->VisitRoots(visitor);
       if (kIsDebugBuild && IsResolved()) {
         CHECK_EQ(f->GetDeclaringClass(), this) << GetStatus();
       }
-      f->VisitRoots(visitor);
     }
   }
   // We may see GetDirectMethodsPtr() == null with NumDirectMethods() != 0 if the root marking
diff --git a/runtime/mirror/object.cc b/runtime/mirror/object.cc
index 27dd743..80decaa 100644
--- a/runtime/mirror/object.cc
+++ b/runtime/mirror/object.cc
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@
     this->operator()(ref, mirror::Reference::ReferentOffset(), false);
   }
 
+  // Unused since we don't copy class native roots.
+  void VisitRootIfNonNull(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+      const {}
+  void VisitRoot(mirror::CompressedReference<mirror::Object>* root ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) const {}
+
  private:
   Object* const dest_obj_;
 };