diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc b/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
index 7772e8f..5ef9c4c 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/inliner.cc
@@ -1416,10 +1416,13 @@
         return false;
       }
 
-      if (!same_dex_file && current->NeedsEnvironment()) {
+      if (current->NeedsEnvironment() &&
+          !CanEncodeInlinedMethodInStackMap(*caller_compilation_unit_.GetDexFile(),
+                                            resolved_method)) {
         VLOG(compiler) << "Method " << callee_dex_file.PrettyMethod(method_index)
                        << " could not be inlined because " << current->DebugName()
-                       << " needs an environment and is in a different dex file";
+                       << " needs an environment, is in a different dex file"
+                       << ", and cannot be encoded in the stack maps.";
         return false;
       }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/nodes.h b/compiler/optimizing/nodes.h
index acf14aa..cf94e55 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/nodes.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/nodes.h
@@ -4322,6 +4322,11 @@
     return (obj == InputAt(0)) && !GetLocations()->Intrinsified();
   }
 
+  bool NeedsDexCacheOfDeclaringClass() const OVERRIDE {
+    // The assembly stub currently needs it.
+    return true;
+  }
+
   uint32_t GetImtIndex() const { return imt_index_; }
   uint32_t GetDexMethodIndex() const { return dex_method_index_; }
 
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
index 1ab6710..419aa5d 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.cc
@@ -1133,6 +1133,25 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+bool EncodeArtMethodInInlineInfo(ArtMethod* method ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) {
+  // Note: the runtime is null only for unit testing.
+  return Runtime::Current() == nullptr || !Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler();
+}
+
+bool CanEncodeInlinedMethodInStackMap(const DexFile& caller_dex_file, ArtMethod* callee) {
+  if (!Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler()) {
+    // JIT can always encode methods in stack maps.
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (IsSameDexFile(caller_dex_file, *callee->GetDexFile())) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // TODO(ngeoffray): Support more AOT cases for inlining:
+  // - methods in multidex
+  // - methods in boot image for on-device non-PIC compilation.
+  return false;
+}
+
 bool OptimizingCompiler::JitCompile(Thread* self,
                                     jit::JitCodeCache* code_cache,
                                     ArtMethod* method,
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.h b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.h
index 0c89da1..d8cea30 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.h
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/optimizing_compiler.h
@@ -17,10 +17,15 @@
 #ifndef ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_OPTIMIZING_COMPILER_H_
 #define ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_OPTIMIZING_COMPILER_H_
 
+#include "base/mutex.h"
+#include "globals.h"
+
 namespace art {
 
+class ArtMethod;
 class Compiler;
 class CompilerDriver;
+class DexFile;
 
 Compiler* CreateOptimizingCompiler(CompilerDriver* driver);
 
@@ -29,6 +34,10 @@
 // information for checking invariants.
 bool IsCompilingWithCoreImage();
 
+bool EncodeArtMethodInInlineInfo(ArtMethod* method);
+bool CanEncodeInlinedMethodInStackMap(const DexFile& caller_dex_file, ArtMethod* callee)
+      REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);
+
 }  // namespace art
 
 #endif  // ART_COMPILER_OPTIMIZING_OPTIMIZING_COMPILER_H_
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/stack_map_stream.cc b/compiler/optimizing/stack_map_stream.cc
index e4d4800..10f5cab 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/stack_map_stream.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/stack_map_stream.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "art_method-inl.h"
 #include "base/stl_util.h"
+#include "optimizing/optimizing_compiler.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
 #include "scoped_thread_state_change-inl.h"
 
@@ -107,11 +108,6 @@
   current_dex_register_++;
 }
 
-static bool EncodeArtMethodInInlineInfo(ArtMethod* method ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) {
-  // Note: the runtime is null only for unit testing.
-  return Runtime::Current() == nullptr || !Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler();
-}
-
 void StackMapStream::BeginInlineInfoEntry(ArtMethod* method,
                                           uint32_t dex_pc,
                                           uint32_t num_dex_registers,