diff --git a/linker/linker.cpp b/linker/linker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2d813f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linker/linker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2055 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/auxvec.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/atomics.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+// Private C library headers.
+#include <private/bionic_tls.h>
+#include <private/logd.h>
+
+#include "linker.h"
+#include "linker_debug.h"
+#include "linker_environ.h"
+#include "linker_format.h"
+#include "linker_phdr.h"
+
+#define ALLOW_SYMBOLS_FROM_MAIN 1
+#define SO_MAX 128
+
+/* Assume average path length of 64 and max 8 paths */
+#define LDPATH_BUFSIZE 512
+#define LDPATH_MAX 8
+
+#define LDPRELOAD_BUFSIZE 512
+#define LDPRELOAD_MAX 8
+
+/* >>> IMPORTANT NOTE - READ ME BEFORE MODIFYING <<<
+ *
+ * Do NOT use malloc() and friends or pthread_*() code here.
+ * Don't use printf() either; it's caused mysterious memory
+ * corruption in the past.
+ * The linker runs before we bring up libc and it's easiest
+ * to make sure it does not depend on any complex libc features
+ *
+ * open issues / todo:
+ *
+ * - are we doing everything we should for ARM_COPY relocations?
+ * - cleaner error reporting
+ * - after linking, set as much stuff as possible to READONLY
+ *   and NOEXEC
+ * - linker hardcodes PAGE_SIZE and PAGE_MASK because the kernel
+ *   headers provide versions that are negative...
+ * - allocate space for soinfo structs dynamically instead of
+ *   having a hard limit (SO_MAX)
+ */
+
+
+static int soinfo_link_image(soinfo *si, unsigned wr_offset);
+
+static int socount = 0;
+static soinfo sopool[SO_MAX];
+static soinfo *freelist = NULL;
+static soinfo *solist = &libdl_info;
+static soinfo *sonext = &libdl_info;
+#if ALLOW_SYMBOLS_FROM_MAIN
+static soinfo *somain; /* main process, always the one after libdl_info */
+#endif
+
+
+static inline int validate_soinfo(soinfo *si)
+{
+    return (si >= sopool && si < sopool + SO_MAX) ||
+        si == &libdl_info;
+}
+
+static char ldpaths_buf[LDPATH_BUFSIZE];
+static const char *ldpaths[LDPATH_MAX + 1];
+
+static char ldpreloads_buf[LDPRELOAD_BUFSIZE];
+static const char *ldpreload_names[LDPRELOAD_MAX + 1];
+
+static soinfo *preloads[LDPRELOAD_MAX + 1];
+
+#if LINKER_DEBUG
+int debug_verbosity;
+#endif
+
+static int pid;
+
+/* This boolean is set if the program being loaded is setuid */
+static int program_is_setuid;
+
+#if STATS
+struct _link_stats linker_stats;
+#endif
+
+#if COUNT_PAGES
+unsigned bitmask[4096];
+#endif
+
+// You shouldn't try to call memory-allocating functions in the dynamic linker.
+// Guard against the most obvious ones.
+#define DISALLOW_ALLOCATION(return_type, name, ...)                             \
+    return_type name __VA_ARGS__                                                \
+    {                                                                           \
+        const char* msg = "ERROR: " #name " called from the dynamic linker!\n"; \
+         __libc_android_log_write(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "linker", msg);            \
+        write(2, msg, sizeof(msg));                                             \
+        abort();                                                                \
+    }
+#define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+DISALLOW_ALLOCATION(void*, malloc, (size_t u UNUSED));
+DISALLOW_ALLOCATION(void, free, (void* u UNUSED));
+DISALLOW_ALLOCATION(void*, realloc, (void* u1 UNUSED, size_t u2 UNUSED));
+DISALLOW_ALLOCATION(void*, calloc, (size_t u1 UNUSED, size_t u2 UNUSED));
+
+static char tmp_err_buf[768];
+static char __linker_dl_err_buf[768];
+#define BASENAME(s) (strrchr(s, '/') != NULL ? strrchr(s, '/') + 1 : s)
+#define DL_ERR(fmt, x...)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                      \
+        format_buffer(__linker_dl_err_buf, sizeof(__linker_dl_err_buf),       \
+            "(%s:%d, pid %d) %s: " fmt,                                       \
+            BASENAME(__FILE__), __LINE__, pid, __func__, ##x);                \
+        ERROR(fmt "\n", ##x);                                                 \
+    } while(0)
+
+const char *linker_get_error(void)
+{
+    return (const char *)&__linker_dl_err_buf[0];
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function is an empty stub where GDB locates a breakpoint to get notified
+ * about linker activity.
+ */
+extern "C" void __attribute__((noinline)) __attribute__((visibility("default"))) rtld_db_dlactivity(void);
+
+static struct r_debug _r_debug = {1, NULL, &rtld_db_dlactivity,
+                                  RT_CONSISTENT, 0};
+static struct link_map *r_debug_tail = 0;
+
+static pthread_mutex_t _r_debug_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+static void insert_soinfo_into_debug_map(soinfo * info)
+{
+    struct link_map * map;
+
+    /* Copy the necessary fields into the debug structure.
+     */
+    map = &(info->linkmap);
+    map->l_addr = info->base;
+    map->l_name = (char*) info->name;
+    map->l_ld = (uintptr_t)info->dynamic;
+
+    /* Stick the new library at the end of the list.
+     * gdb tends to care more about libc than it does
+     * about leaf libraries, and ordering it this way
+     * reduces the back-and-forth over the wire.
+     */
+    if (r_debug_tail) {
+        r_debug_tail->l_next = map;
+        map->l_prev = r_debug_tail;
+        map->l_next = 0;
+    } else {
+        _r_debug.r_map = map;
+        map->l_prev = 0;
+        map->l_next = 0;
+    }
+    r_debug_tail = map;
+}
+
+static void remove_soinfo_from_debug_map(soinfo * info)
+{
+    struct link_map * map = &(info->linkmap);
+
+    if (r_debug_tail == map)
+        r_debug_tail = map->l_prev;
+
+    if (map->l_prev) map->l_prev->l_next = map->l_next;
+    if (map->l_next) map->l_next->l_prev = map->l_prev;
+}
+
+void notify_gdb_of_load(soinfo * info)
+{
+    if (info->flags & FLAG_EXE) {
+        // GDB already knows about the main executable
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&_r_debug_lock);
+
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_ADD;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+
+    insert_soinfo_into_debug_map(info);
+
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_CONSISTENT;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_r_debug_lock);
+}
+
+void notify_gdb_of_unload(soinfo * info)
+{
+    if (info->flags & FLAG_EXE) {
+        // GDB already knows about the main executable
+        return;
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&_r_debug_lock);
+
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_DELETE;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+
+    remove_soinfo_from_debug_map(info);
+
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_CONSISTENT;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_r_debug_lock);
+}
+
+extern "C" void notify_gdb_of_libraries()
+{
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_ADD;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+    _r_debug.r_state = RT_CONSISTENT;
+    rtld_db_dlactivity();
+}
+
+static soinfo *soinfo_alloc(const char *name)
+{
+    if (strlen(name) >= SOINFO_NAME_LEN) {
+        DL_ERR("library name \"%s\" too long", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* The freelist is populated when we call soinfo_free(), which in turn is
+       done only by dlclose(), which is not likely to be used.
+    */
+    if (!freelist) {
+        if (socount == SO_MAX) {
+            DL_ERR("too many libraries when loading \"%s\"", name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        freelist = sopool + socount++;
+        freelist->next = NULL;
+    }
+
+    soinfo* si = freelist;
+    freelist = freelist->next;
+
+    /* Make sure we get a clean block of soinfo */
+    memset(si, 0, sizeof(soinfo));
+    strlcpy((char*) si->name, name, sizeof(si->name));
+    sonext->next = si;
+    si->next = NULL;
+    si->refcount = 0;
+    sonext = si;
+
+    TRACE("%5d name %s: allocated soinfo @ %p\n", pid, name, si);
+    return si;
+}
+
+static void soinfo_free(soinfo* si)
+{
+    if (si == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    soinfo *prev = NULL, *trav;
+
+    TRACE("%5d name %s: freeing soinfo @ %p\n", pid, si->name, si);
+
+    for(trav = solist; trav != NULL; trav = trav->next){
+        if (trav == si)
+            break;
+        prev = trav;
+    }
+    if (trav == NULL) {
+        /* si was not ni solist */
+        DL_ERR("name \"%s\" is not in solist!", si->name);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* prev will never be NULL, because the first entry in solist is
+       always the static libdl_info.
+    */
+    prev->next = si->next;
+    if (si == sonext) sonext = prev;
+    si->next = freelist;
+    freelist = si;
+}
+
+const char *addr_to_name(unsigned addr)
+{
+    for (soinfo* si = solist; si != 0; si = si->next) {
+        if ((addr >= si->base) && (addr < (si->base + si->size))) {
+            return si->name;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+#ifdef ANDROID_ARM_LINKER
+
+/* For a given PC, find the .so that it belongs to.
+ * Returns the base address of the .ARM.exidx section
+ * for that .so, and the number of 8-byte entries
+ * in that section (via *pcount).
+ *
+ * Intended to be called by libc's __gnu_Unwind_Find_exidx().
+ *
+ * This function is exposed via dlfcn.c and libdl.so.
+ */
+_Unwind_Ptr dl_unwind_find_exidx(_Unwind_Ptr pc, int *pcount)
+{
+    soinfo *si;
+    unsigned addr = (unsigned)pc;
+
+    for (si = solist; si != 0; si = si->next){
+        if ((addr >= si->base) && (addr < (si->base + si->size))) {
+            *pcount = si->ARM_exidx_count;
+            return (_Unwind_Ptr)si->ARM_exidx;
+        }
+    }
+   *pcount = 0;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#elif defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER) || defined(ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER)
+
+/* Here, we only have to provide a callback to iterate across all the
+ * loaded libraries. gcc_eh does the rest. */
+int
+dl_iterate_phdr(int (*cb)(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data),
+                void *data)
+{
+    soinfo *si;
+    struct dl_phdr_info dl_info;
+    int rv = 0;
+
+    for (si = solist; si != NULL; si = si->next) {
+        dl_info.dlpi_addr = si->linkmap.l_addr;
+        dl_info.dlpi_name = si->linkmap.l_name;
+        dl_info.dlpi_phdr = si->phdr;
+        dl_info.dlpi_phnum = si->phnum;
+        rv = cb(&dl_info, sizeof (struct dl_phdr_info), data);
+        if (rv != 0)
+            break;
+    }
+    return rv;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static Elf32_Sym *soinfo_elf_lookup(soinfo *si, unsigned hash, const char *name)
+{
+    Elf32_Sym *s;
+    Elf32_Sym *symtab = si->symtab;
+    const char *strtab = si->strtab;
+    unsigned n;
+
+    TRACE_TYPE(LOOKUP, "%5d SEARCH %s in %s@0x%08x %08x %d\n", pid,
+               name, si->name, si->base, hash, hash % si->nbucket);
+    n = hash % si->nbucket;
+
+    for(n = si->bucket[hash % si->nbucket]; n != 0; n = si->chain[n]){
+        s = symtab + n;
+        if(strcmp(strtab + s->st_name, name)) continue;
+
+            /* only concern ourselves with global and weak symbol definitions */
+        switch(ELF32_ST_BIND(s->st_info)){
+        case STB_GLOBAL:
+        case STB_WEAK:
+            if(s->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF)
+                continue;
+
+            TRACE_TYPE(LOOKUP, "%5d FOUND %s in %s (%08x) %d\n", pid,
+                       name, si->name, s->st_value, s->st_size);
+            return s;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static unsigned elfhash(const char *_name)
+{
+    const unsigned char *name = (const unsigned char *) _name;
+    unsigned h = 0, g;
+
+    while(*name) {
+        h = (h << 4) + *name++;
+        g = h & 0xf0000000;
+        h ^= g;
+        h ^= g >> 24;
+    }
+    return h;
+}
+
+static Elf32_Sym *
+soinfo_do_lookup(soinfo *si, const char *name, Elf32_Addr *offset)
+{
+    unsigned elf_hash = elfhash(name);
+    Elf32_Sym *s;
+    unsigned *d;
+    soinfo *lsi = si;
+    int i;
+
+    /* Look for symbols in the local scope (the object who is
+     * searching). This happens with C++ templates on i386 for some
+     * reason.
+     *
+     * Notes on weak symbols:
+     * The ELF specs are ambigious about treatment of weak definitions in
+     * dynamic linking.  Some systems return the first definition found
+     * and some the first non-weak definition.   This is system dependent.
+     * Here we return the first definition found for simplicity.  */
+
+    s = soinfo_elf_lookup(si, elf_hash, name);
+    if(s != NULL)
+        goto done;
+
+    /* Next, look for it in the preloads list */
+    for(i = 0; preloads[i] != NULL; i++) {
+        lsi = preloads[i];
+        s = soinfo_elf_lookup(lsi, elf_hash, name);
+        if(s != NULL)
+            goto done;
+    }
+
+    for(d = si->dynamic; *d; d += 2) {
+        if(d[0] == DT_NEEDED){
+            lsi = (soinfo *)d[1];
+            if (!validate_soinfo(lsi)) {
+                DL_ERR("bad DT_NEEDED pointer in \"%s\"", lsi->name);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            DEBUG("%5d %s: looking up %s in %s\n",
+                  pid, si->name, name, lsi->name);
+            s = soinfo_elf_lookup(lsi, elf_hash, name);
+            if (s != NULL)
+                goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+#if ALLOW_SYMBOLS_FROM_MAIN
+    /* If we are resolving relocations while dlopen()ing a library, it's OK for
+     * the library to resolve a symbol that's defined in the executable itself,
+     * although this is rare and is generally a bad idea.
+     */
+    if (somain) {
+        lsi = somain;
+        DEBUG("%5d %s: looking up %s in executable %s\n",
+              pid, si->name, name, lsi->name);
+        s = soinfo_elf_lookup(lsi, elf_hash, name);
+    }
+#endif
+
+done:
+    if(s != NULL) {
+        TRACE_TYPE(LOOKUP, "%5d si %s sym %s s->st_value = 0x%08x, "
+                   "found in %s, base = 0x%08x, load bias = 0x%08x\n",
+                   pid, si->name, name, s->st_value,
+                   lsi->name, lsi->base, lsi->load_bias);
+        *offset = lsi->load_bias;
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* This is used by dl_sym().  It performs symbol lookup only within the
+   specified soinfo object and not in any of its dependencies.
+ */
+Elf32_Sym *soinfo_lookup(soinfo *si, const char *name)
+{
+    return soinfo_elf_lookup(si, elfhash(name), name);
+}
+
+/* This is used by dl_sym().  It performs a global symbol lookup.
+ */
+Elf32_Sym *lookup(const char *name, soinfo **found, soinfo *start)
+{
+    unsigned elf_hash = elfhash(name);
+    Elf32_Sym *s = NULL;
+    soinfo *si;
+
+    if(start == NULL) {
+        start = solist;
+    }
+
+    for(si = start; (s == NULL) && (si != NULL); si = si->next)
+    {
+        if(si->flags & FLAG_ERROR)
+            continue;
+        s = soinfo_elf_lookup(si, elf_hash, name);
+        if (s != NULL) {
+            *found = si;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(s != NULL) {
+        TRACE_TYPE(LOOKUP, "%5d %s s->st_value = 0x%08x, "
+                   "si->base = 0x%08x\n", pid, name, s->st_value, si->base);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+soinfo *find_containing_library(const void *addr)
+{
+    soinfo *si;
+
+    for(si = solist; si != NULL; si = si->next)
+    {
+        if((unsigned)addr >= si->base && (unsigned)addr - si->base < si->size) {
+            return si;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+Elf32_Sym *soinfo_find_symbol(soinfo* si, const void *addr)
+{
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned soaddr = (unsigned)addr - si->base;
+
+    /* Search the library's symbol table for any defined symbol which
+     * contains this address */
+    for(i=0; i<si->nchain; i++) {
+        Elf32_Sym *sym = &si->symtab[i];
+
+        if(sym->st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF &&
+           soaddr >= sym->st_value &&
+           soaddr < sym->st_value + sym->st_size) {
+            return sym;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void dump(soinfo *si)
+{
+    Elf32_Sym *s = si->symtab;
+    unsigned n;
+
+    for(n = 0; n < si->nchain; n++) {
+        TRACE("%5d %04d> %08x: %02x %04x %08x %08x %s\n", pid, n, s,
+               s->st_info, s->st_shndx, s->st_value, s->st_size,
+               si->strtab + s->st_name);
+        s++;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static const char * const sopaths[] = {
+    "/vendor/lib",
+    "/system/lib",
+    0
+};
+
+static int _open_lib(const char *name)
+{
+    int fd;
+    struct stat filestat;
+
+    if ((stat(name, &filestat) >= 0) && S_ISREG(filestat.st_mode)) {
+        if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(name, O_RDONLY))) >= 0)
+            return fd;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static int open_library(const char *name)
+{
+    int fd;
+    char buf[512];
+    const char * const*path;
+    int n;
+
+    TRACE("[ %5d opening %s ]\n", pid, name);
+
+    if(name == 0) return -1;
+    if(strlen(name) > 256) return -1;
+
+    if ((name[0] == '/') && ((fd = _open_lib(name)) >= 0))
+        return fd;
+
+    for (path = ldpaths; *path; path++) {
+        n = format_buffer(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", *path, name);
+        if (n < 0 || n >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
+            WARN("Ignoring very long library path: %s/%s\n", *path, name);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ((fd = _open_lib(buf)) >= 0)
+            return fd;
+    }
+    for (path = sopaths; *path; path++) {
+        n = format_buffer(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", *path, name);
+        if (n < 0 || n >= (int)sizeof(buf)) {
+            WARN("Ignoring very long library path: %s/%s\n", *path, name);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ((fd = _open_lib(buf)) >= 0)
+            return fd;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// Returns 'true' if the library is prelinked or on failure so we error out
+// either way. We no longer support prelinking.
+static bool is_prelinked(int fd, const char* name)
+{
+    struct prelink_info_t {
+        long mmap_addr;
+        char tag[4]; // "PRE ".
+    };
+
+    off_t sz = lseek(fd, -sizeof(struct prelink_info_t), SEEK_END);
+    if (sz < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("lseek failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    struct prelink_info_t info;
+    int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &info, sizeof(info)));
+    if (rc != sizeof(info)) {
+        DL_ERR("could not read prelink_info_t structure for \"%s\":", name, strerror(errno));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (memcmp(info.tag, "PRE ", 4) == 0) {
+        DL_ERR("prelinked libraries no longer supported: %s", name);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/* verify_elf_header
+ *      Verifies the content of an ELF header.
+ *
+ * Args:
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *       0 on success
+ *      -1 if no valid ELF object is found @ base.
+ */
+static int
+verify_elf_header(const Elf32_Ehdr* hdr)
+{
+    if (hdr->e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0) return -1;
+    if (hdr->e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1) return -1;
+    if (hdr->e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2) return -1;
+    if (hdr->e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3) return -1;
+
+    /* TODO: Should we verify anything else in the header? */
+#ifdef ANDROID_ARM_LINKER
+    if (hdr->e_machine != EM_ARM) return -1;
+#elif defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+    if (hdr->e_machine != EM_386) return -1;
+#elif defined(ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER)
+    if (hdr->e_machine != EM_MIPS) return -1;
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct scoped_fd {
+    ~scoped_fd() {
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            close(fd);
+        }
+    }
+    int fd;
+};
+
+struct soinfo_ptr {
+    soinfo_ptr(const char* name) {
+        const char* bname = strrchr(name, '/');
+        ptr = soinfo_alloc(bname ? bname + 1 : name);
+    }
+    ~soinfo_ptr() {
+        soinfo_free(ptr);
+    }
+    soinfo* release() {
+        soinfo* result = ptr;
+        ptr = NULL;
+        return result;
+    }
+    soinfo* ptr;
+};
+
+// TODO: rewrite linker_phdr.h to use a class, then lose this.
+struct phdr_ptr {
+    phdr_ptr() : phdr_mmap(NULL) {}
+    ~phdr_ptr() {
+        if (phdr_mmap != NULL) {
+            phdr_table_unload(phdr_mmap, phdr_size);
+        }
+    }
+    void* phdr_mmap;
+    Elf32_Addr phdr_size;
+};
+
+static soinfo* load_library(const char* name)
+{
+    // Open the file.
+    scoped_fd fd;
+    fd.fd = open_library(name);
+    if (fd.fd == -1) {
+        DL_ERR("library \"%s\" not found", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Read the ELF header.
+    Elf32_Ehdr header[1];
+    int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd.fd, (void*)header, sizeof(header)));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't read file \"%s\": %s", name, strerror(errno));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (ret != (int)sizeof(header)) {
+        DL_ERR("too small to be an ELF executable: %s", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (verify_elf_header(header) < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("not a valid ELF executable: %s", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Read the program header table.
+    const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table;
+    phdr_ptr phdr_holder;
+    ret = phdr_table_load(fd.fd, header->e_phoff, header->e_phnum,
+                          &phdr_holder.phdr_mmap, &phdr_holder.phdr_size, &phdr_table);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't load program header table: %s: %s", name, strerror(errno));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    size_t phdr_count = header->e_phnum;
+
+    // Get the load extents.
+    Elf32_Addr ext_sz = phdr_table_get_load_size(phdr_table, phdr_count);
+    TRACE("[ %5d - '%s' wants sz=0x%08x ]\n", pid, name, ext_sz);
+    if (ext_sz == 0) {
+        DL_ERR("no loadable segments in file: %s", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // We no longer support pre-linked libraries.
+    if (is_prelinked(fd.fd, name)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Reserve address space for all loadable segments.
+    void* load_start = NULL;
+    Elf32_Addr load_size = 0;
+    Elf32_Addr load_bias = 0;
+    ret = phdr_table_reserve_memory(phdr_table,
+                                    phdr_count,
+                                    &load_start,
+                                    &load_size,
+                                    &load_bias);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't reserve %d bytes in address space for \"%s\": %s",
+               ext_sz, name, strerror(errno));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("[ %5d allocated memory for %s @ %p (0x%08x) ]\n",
+          pid, name, load_start, load_size);
+
+    /* Map all the segments in our address space with default protections */
+    ret = phdr_table_load_segments(phdr_table,
+                                   phdr_count,
+                                   load_bias,
+                                   fd.fd);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't map loadable segments for \"%s\": %s",
+               name, strerror(errno));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Unprotect the segments, i.e. make them writable, to allow
+     * relocations to work properly. We will later call
+     * phdr_table_protect_segments() after all of them are applied
+     * and all constructors are run.
+     */
+    ret = phdr_table_unprotect_segments(phdr_table,
+                                        phdr_count,
+                                        load_bias);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't unprotect loadable segments for \"%s\": %s",
+               name, strerror(errno));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    soinfo_ptr si(name);
+    if (si.ptr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    si.ptr->base = (Elf32_Addr) load_start;
+    si.ptr->size = load_size;
+    si.ptr->load_bias = load_bias;
+    si.ptr->flags = 0;
+    si.ptr->entry = 0;
+    si.ptr->dynamic = (unsigned *)-1;
+    si.ptr->phnum = phdr_count;
+    si.ptr->phdr = phdr_table_get_loaded_phdr(phdr_table, phdr_count, load_bias);
+    if (si.ptr->phdr == NULL) {
+        DL_ERR("can't find loaded PHDR for \"%s\"", name);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return si.release();
+}
+
+static soinfo *
+init_library(soinfo *si)
+{
+    unsigned wr_offset = 0xffffffff;
+
+    /* At this point we know that whatever is loaded @ base is a valid ELF
+     * shared library whose segments are properly mapped in. */
+    TRACE("[ %5d init_library base=0x%08x sz=0x%08x name='%s') ]\n",
+          pid, si->base, si->size, si->name);
+
+    if(soinfo_link_image(si, wr_offset)) {
+            /* We failed to link.  However, we can only restore libbase
+            ** if no additional libraries have moved it since we updated it.
+            */
+        munmap((void *)si->base, si->size);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return si;
+}
+
+soinfo *find_library(const char *name)
+{
+    soinfo *si;
+    const char *bname;
+
+#if ALLOW_SYMBOLS_FROM_MAIN
+    if (name == NULL)
+        return somain;
+#else
+    if (name == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+#endif
+
+    bname = strrchr(name, '/');
+    bname = bname ? bname + 1 : name;
+
+    for(si = solist; si != 0; si = si->next){
+        if(!strcmp(bname, si->name)) {
+            if(si->flags & FLAG_ERROR) {
+                DL_ERR("\"%s\" failed to load previously", bname);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if(si->flags & FLAG_LINKED) return si;
+            DL_ERR("OOPS: recursive link to \"%s\"", si->name);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    TRACE("[ %5d '%s' has not been loaded yet.  Locating...]\n", pid, name);
+    si = load_library(name);
+    if(si == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    return init_library(si);
+}
+
+/* TODO:
+ *   find a way to decrement libbase
+ */
+static void call_destructors(soinfo *si);
+unsigned soinfo_unload(soinfo *si)
+{
+    unsigned *d;
+    if (si->refcount == 1) {
+        TRACE("%5d unloading '%s'\n", pid, si->name);
+        call_destructors(si);
+
+        /*
+         * Make sure that we undo the PT_GNU_RELRO protections we added
+         * in soinfo_link_image. This is needed to undo the DT_NEEDED hack below.
+         */
+        if (phdr_table_unprotect_gnu_relro(si->phdr, si->phnum,
+                                           si->load_bias) < 0) {
+            DL_ERR("%s: could not undo GNU_RELRO protections. "
+                    "Expect a crash soon. errno=%d (%s)",
+                    si->name, errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        for(d = si->dynamic; *d; d += 2) {
+            if(d[0] == DT_NEEDED){
+                soinfo *lsi = (soinfo *)d[1];
+
+                // The next line will segfault if the we don't undo the
+                // PT_GNU_RELRO protections (see comments above and in
+                // soinfo_link_image().
+                d[1] = 0;
+
+                if (validate_soinfo(lsi)) {
+                    TRACE("%5d %s needs to unload %s\n", pid,
+                          si->name, lsi->name);
+                    soinfo_unload(lsi);
+                }
+                else
+                    DL_ERR("\"%s\": could not unload dependent library",
+                           si->name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        munmap((char *)si->base, si->size);
+        notify_gdb_of_unload(si);
+        soinfo_free(si);
+        si->refcount = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        si->refcount--;
+        PRINT("%5d not unloading '%s', decrementing refcount to %d\n",
+              pid, si->name, si->refcount);
+    }
+    return si->refcount;
+}
+
+/* TODO: don't use unsigned for addrs below. It works, but is not
+ * ideal. They should probably be either uint32_t, Elf32_Addr, or unsigned
+ * long.
+ */
+static int soinfo_relocate(soinfo *si, Elf32_Rel *rel, unsigned count)
+{
+    Elf32_Sym *symtab = si->symtab;
+    const char *strtab = si->strtab;
+    Elf32_Sym *s;
+    Elf32_Addr offset;
+    Elf32_Rel *start = rel;
+
+    for (size_t idx = 0; idx < count; ++idx, ++rel) {
+        unsigned type = ELF32_R_TYPE(rel->r_info);
+        unsigned sym = ELF32_R_SYM(rel->r_info);
+        unsigned reloc = (unsigned)(rel->r_offset + si->load_bias);
+        unsigned sym_addr = 0;
+        char *sym_name = NULL;
+
+        DEBUG("%5d Processing '%s' relocation at index %d\n", pid,
+              si->name, idx);
+        if (type == 0) { // R_*_NONE
+            continue;
+        }
+        if(sym != 0) {
+            sym_name = (char *)(strtab + symtab[sym].st_name);
+            s = soinfo_do_lookup(si, sym_name, &offset);
+            if(s == NULL) {
+                /* We only allow an undefined symbol if this is a weak
+                   reference..   */
+                s = &symtab[sym];
+                if (ELF32_ST_BIND(s->st_info) != STB_WEAK) {
+                    DL_ERR("cannot locate \"%s\"...", sym_name);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                /* IHI0044C AAELF 4.5.1.1:
+
+                   Libraries are not searched to resolve weak references.
+                   It is not an error for a weak reference to remain
+                   unsatisfied.
+
+                   During linking, the value of an undefined weak reference is:
+                   - Zero if the relocation type is absolute
+                   - The address of the place if the relocation is pc-relative
+                   - The address of nominial base address if the relocation
+                     type is base-relative.
+                  */
+
+                switch (type) {
+#if defined(ANDROID_ARM_LINKER)
+                case R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT:
+                case R_ARM_GLOB_DAT:
+                case R_ARM_ABS32:
+                case R_ARM_RELATIVE:    /* Don't care. */
+#elif defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+                case R_386_JMP_SLOT:
+                case R_386_GLOB_DAT:
+                case R_386_32:
+                case R_386_RELATIVE:    /* Dont' care. */
+#endif /* ANDROID_*_LINKER */
+                    /* sym_addr was initialized to be zero above or relocation
+                       code below does not care about value of sym_addr.
+                       No need to do anything.  */
+                    break;
+
+#if defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+                case R_386_PC32:
+                    sym_addr = reloc;
+                    break;
+#endif /* ANDROID_X86_LINKER */
+
+#if defined(ANDROID_ARM_LINKER)
+                case R_ARM_COPY:
+                    /* Fall through.  Can't really copy if weak symbol is
+                       not found in run-time.  */
+#endif /* ANDROID_ARM_LINKER */
+                default:
+                    DL_ERR("unknown weak reloc type %d @ %p (%d)",
+                                 type, rel, (int) (rel - start));
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                /* We got a definition.  */
+#if 0
+                if((base == 0) && (si->base != 0)){
+                        /* linking from libraries to main image is bad */
+                    DL_ERR("cannot locate \"%s\"...",
+                           strtab + symtab[sym].st_name);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+#endif
+                sym_addr = (unsigned)(s->st_value + offset);
+            }
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_SYMBOL);
+        } else {
+            s = NULL;
+        }
+
+/* TODO: This is ugly. Split up the relocations by arch into
+ * different files.
+ */
+        switch(type){
+#if defined(ANDROID_ARM_LINKER)
+        case R_ARM_JUMP_SLOT:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO JMP_SLOT %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) = sym_addr;
+            break;
+        case R_ARM_GLOB_DAT:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO GLOB_DAT %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) = sym_addr;
+            break;
+        case R_ARM_ABS32:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO ABS %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) += sym_addr;
+            break;
+        case R_ARM_REL32:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_RELATIVE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO REL32 %08x <- %08x - %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, rel->r_offset, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) += sym_addr - rel->r_offset;
+            break;
+#elif defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+        case R_386_JMP_SLOT:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO JMP_SLOT %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) = sym_addr;
+            break;
+        case R_386_GLOB_DAT:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO GLOB_DAT %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) = sym_addr;
+            break;
+#elif defined(ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER)
+    case R_MIPS_JUMP_SLOT:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO JMP_SLOT %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) = sym_addr;
+            break;
+    case R_MIPS_REL32:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_ABSOLUTE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO REL32 %08x <- %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, (sym_name) ? sym_name : "*SECTIONHDR*");
+            if (s) {
+                *((unsigned*)reloc) += sym_addr;
+            } else {
+                *((unsigned*)reloc) += si->base;
+            }
+            break;
+#endif /* ANDROID_*_LINKER */
+
+#if defined(ANDROID_ARM_LINKER)
+        case R_ARM_RELATIVE:
+#elif defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+        case R_386_RELATIVE:
+#endif /* ANDROID_*_LINKER */
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_RELATIVE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            if (sym) {
+                DL_ERR("odd RELATIVE form...", pid);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO RELATIVE %08x <- +%08x\n", pid,
+                       reloc, si->base);
+            *((unsigned*)reloc) += si->base;
+            break;
+
+#if defined(ANDROID_X86_LINKER)
+        case R_386_32:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_RELATIVE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO R_386_32 %08x <- +%08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned *)reloc) += (unsigned)sym_addr;
+            break;
+
+        case R_386_PC32:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_RELATIVE);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO R_386_PC32 %08x <- "
+                       "+%08x (%08x - %08x) %s\n", pid, reloc,
+                       (sym_addr - reloc), sym_addr, reloc, sym_name);
+            *((unsigned *)reloc) += (unsigned)(sym_addr - reloc);
+            break;
+#endif /* ANDROID_X86_LINKER */
+
+#ifdef ANDROID_ARM_LINKER
+        case R_ARM_COPY:
+            COUNT_RELOC(RELOC_COPY);
+            MARK(rel->r_offset);
+            TRACE_TYPE(RELO, "%5d RELO %08x <- %d @ %08x %s\n", pid,
+                       reloc, s->st_size, sym_addr, sym_name);
+            memcpy((void*)reloc, (void*)sym_addr, s->st_size);
+            break;
+#endif /* ANDROID_ARM_LINKER */
+
+        default:
+            DL_ERR("unknown reloc type %d @ %p (%d)",
+                   type, rel, (int) (rel - start));
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER
+int mips_relocate_got(struct soinfo *si)
+{
+    unsigned *got;
+    unsigned local_gotno, gotsym, symtabno;
+    Elf32_Sym *symtab, *sym;
+    unsigned g;
+
+    got = si->plt_got;
+    local_gotno = si->mips_local_gotno;
+    gotsym = si->mips_gotsym;
+    symtabno = si->mips_symtabno;
+    symtab = si->symtab;
+
+    /*
+     * got[0] is address of lazy resolver function
+     * got[1] may be used for a GNU extension
+     * set it to a recognisable address in case someone calls it
+     * (should be _rtld_bind_start)
+     * FIXME: maybe this should be in a separate routine
+     */
+
+    if ((si->flags & FLAG_LINKER) == 0) {
+        g = 0;
+        got[g++] = 0xdeadbeef;
+        if (got[g] & 0x80000000) {
+            got[g++] = 0xdeadfeed;
+        }
+        /*
+         * Relocate the local GOT entries need to be relocated
+         */
+        for (; g < local_gotno; g++) {
+            got[g] += si->load_bias;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Now for the global GOT entries */
+    sym = symtab + gotsym;
+    got = si->plt_got + local_gotno;
+    for (g = gotsym; g < symtabno; g++, sym++, got++) {
+        const char *sym_name;
+        unsigned base;
+        Elf32_Sym *s;
+
+        /* This is an undefined reference... try to locate it */
+        sym_name = si->strtab + sym->st_name;
+        s = soinfo_do_lookup(si, sym_name, &base);
+        if (s == NULL) {
+            /* We only allow an undefined symbol if this is a weak
+               reference..   */
+            s = &symtab[g];
+            if (ELF32_ST_BIND(s->st_info) != STB_WEAK) {
+                DL_ERR("cannot locate \"%s\"...", sym_name);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            *got = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* FIXME: is this sufficient?
+             * For reference see NetBSD link loader
+             * http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/libexec/ld.elf_so/arch/mips/mips_reloc.c?rev=1.53&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup
+             */
+             *got = base + s->st_value;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Please read the "Initialization and Termination functions" functions.
+ * of the linker design note in bionic/linker/README.TXT to understand
+ * what the following code is doing.
+ *
+ * The important things to remember are:
+ *
+ *   DT_PREINIT_ARRAY must be called first for executables, and should
+ *   not appear in shared libraries.
+ *
+ *   DT_INIT should be called before DT_INIT_ARRAY if both are present
+ *
+ *   DT_FINI should be called after DT_FINI_ARRAY if both are present
+ *
+ *   DT_FINI_ARRAY must be parsed in reverse order.
+ */
+
+static void call_array(unsigned *ctor, int count, int reverse)
+{
+    int n, inc = 1;
+
+    if (reverse) {
+        ctor += (count-1);
+        inc   = -1;
+    }
+
+    for(n = count; n > 0; n--) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Looking at %s *0x%08x == 0x%08x ]\n", pid,
+              reverse ? "dtor" : "ctor",
+              (unsigned)ctor, (unsigned)*ctor);
+        void (*func)() = (void (*)()) *ctor;
+        ctor += inc;
+        if(((int) func == 0) || ((int) func == -1)) continue;
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling func @ 0x%08x ]\n", pid, (unsigned)func);
+        func();
+    }
+}
+
+void soinfo_call_constructors(soinfo *si)
+{
+    if (si->constructors_called)
+        return;
+
+    // Set this before actually calling the constructors, otherwise it doesn't
+    // protect against recursive constructor calls. One simple example of
+    // constructor recursion is the libc debug malloc, which is implemented in
+    // libc_malloc_debug_leak.so:
+    // 1. The program depends on libc, so libc's constructor is called here.
+    // 2. The libc constructor calls dlopen() to load libc_malloc_debug_leak.so.
+    // 3. dlopen() calls soinfo_call_constructors() with the newly created
+    //    soinfo for libc_malloc_debug_leak.so.
+    // 4. The debug so depends on libc, so soinfo_call_constructors() is
+    //    called again with the libc soinfo. If it doesn't trigger the early-
+    //    out above, the libc constructor will be called again (recursively!).
+    si->constructors_called = 1;
+
+    if (si->flags & FLAG_EXE) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling preinit_array @ 0x%08x [%d] for '%s' ]\n",
+              pid, (unsigned)si->preinit_array, si->preinit_array_count,
+              si->name);
+        call_array(si->preinit_array, si->preinit_array_count, 0);
+        TRACE("[ %5d Done calling preinit_array for '%s' ]\n", pid, si->name);
+    } else {
+        if (si->preinit_array) {
+            DL_ERR("shared library \"%s\" has a preinit_array table @ 0x%08x. "
+                   "This is INVALID.", si->name, (unsigned) si->preinit_array);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (si->dynamic) {
+        unsigned *d;
+        for(d = si->dynamic; *d; d += 2) {
+            if(d[0] == DT_NEEDED){
+                soinfo* lsi = (soinfo *)d[1];
+                if (!validate_soinfo(lsi)) {
+                    DL_ERR("bad DT_NEEDED pointer in \"%s\"", si->name);
+                } else {
+                    soinfo_call_constructors(lsi);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (si->init_func) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling init_func @ 0x%08x for '%s' ]\n", pid,
+              (unsigned)si->init_func, si->name);
+        si->init_func();
+        TRACE("[ %5d Done calling init_func for '%s' ]\n", pid, si->name);
+    }
+
+    if (si->init_array) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling init_array @ 0x%08x [%d] for '%s' ]\n", pid,
+              (unsigned)si->init_array, si->init_array_count, si->name);
+        call_array(si->init_array, si->init_array_count, 0);
+        TRACE("[ %5d Done calling init_array for '%s' ]\n", pid, si->name);
+    }
+
+}
+
+static void call_destructors(soinfo *si)
+{
+    if (si->fini_array) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling fini_array @ 0x%08x [%d] for '%s' ]\n", pid,
+              (unsigned)si->fini_array, si->fini_array_count, si->name);
+        call_array(si->fini_array, si->fini_array_count, 1);
+        TRACE("[ %5d Done calling fini_array for '%s' ]\n", pid, si->name);
+    }
+
+    if (si->fini_func) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Calling fini_func @ 0x%08x for '%s' ]\n", pid,
+              (unsigned)si->fini_func, si->name);
+        si->fini_func();
+        TRACE("[ %5d Done calling fini_func for '%s' ]\n", pid, si->name);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Force any of the closed stdin, stdout and stderr to be associated with
+   /dev/null. */
+static int nullify_closed_stdio (void)
+{
+    int dev_null, i, status;
+    int return_value = 0;
+
+    dev_null = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR));
+    if (dev_null < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("cannot open /dev/null: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    TRACE("[ %5d Opened /dev/null file-descriptor=%d]\n", pid, dev_null);
+
+    /* If any of the stdio file descriptors is valid and not associated
+       with /dev/null, dup /dev/null to it.  */
+    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        /* If it is /dev/null already, we are done. */
+        if (i == dev_null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        TRACE("[ %5d Nullifying stdio file descriptor %d]\n", pid, i);
+        status = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fcntl(i, F_GETFL));
+
+        /* If file is opened, we are good. */
+        if (status != -1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* The only error we allow is that the file descriptor does not
+           exist, in which case we dup /dev/null to it. */
+        if (errno != EBADF) {
+            DL_ERR("fcntl failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+            return_value = -1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Try dupping /dev/null to this stdio file descriptor and
+           repeat if there is a signal.  Note that any errors in closing
+           the stdio descriptor are lost.  */
+        status = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(dev_null, i));
+        if (status < 0) {
+            DL_ERR("dup2 failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+            return_value = -1;
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If /dev/null is not one of the stdio file descriptors, close it. */
+    if (dev_null > 2) {
+        TRACE("[ %5d Closing /dev/null file-descriptor=%d]\n", pid, dev_null);
+        status = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(dev_null));
+        if (status == -1) {
+            DL_ERR("close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+            return_value = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+static int soinfo_link_image(soinfo *si, unsigned wr_offset)
+{
+    unsigned *d;
+    /* "base" might wrap around UINT32_MAX. */
+    Elf32_Addr base = si->load_bias;
+    const Elf32_Phdr *phdr = si->phdr;
+    int phnum = si->phnum;
+    int relocating_linker = (si->flags & FLAG_LINKER) != 0;
+
+    /* We can't debug anything until the linker is relocated */
+    if (!relocating_linker) {
+        INFO("[ %5d linking %s ]\n", pid, si->name);
+        DEBUG("%5d si->base = 0x%08x si->flags = 0x%08x\n", pid,
+            si->base, si->flags);
+    }
+
+    /* Extract dynamic section */
+    si->dynamic = phdr_table_get_dynamic_section(phdr, phnum, base);
+    if (si->dynamic == NULL) {
+        if (!relocating_linker) {
+            DL_ERR("missing PT_DYNAMIC?!");
+        }
+        goto fail;
+    } else {
+        if (!relocating_linker) {
+            DEBUG("%5d dynamic = %p\n", pid, si->dynamic);
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef ANDROID_ARM_LINKER
+    (void) phdr_table_get_arm_exidx(phdr, phnum, base,
+                                    &si->ARM_exidx, &si->ARM_exidx_count);
+#endif
+
+    if (si->flags & (FLAG_EXE | FLAG_LINKER)) {
+        if (phdr_table_unprotect_segments(si->phdr,
+                                          si->phnum,
+                                          si->load_bias) < 0) {
+            /* We can't call DL_ERR if the linker's relocations haven't
+             * been performed yet */
+            if (!relocating_linker) {
+                DL_ERR("can't unprotect segments for \"%s\": %s",
+                       si->name, strerror(errno));
+            }
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* extract useful information from dynamic section */
+    for(d = si->dynamic; *d; d++){
+        DEBUG("%5d d = %p, d[0] = 0x%08x d[1] = 0x%08x\n", pid, d, d[0], d[1]);
+        switch(*d++){
+        case DT_HASH:
+            si->nbucket = ((unsigned *) (base + *d))[0];
+            si->nchain = ((unsigned *) (base + *d))[1];
+            si->bucket = (unsigned *) (base + *d + 8);
+            si->chain = (unsigned *) (base + *d + 8 + si->nbucket * 4);
+            break;
+        case DT_STRTAB:
+            si->strtab = (const char *) (base + *d);
+            break;
+        case DT_SYMTAB:
+            si->symtab = (Elf32_Sym *) (base + *d);
+            break;
+        case DT_PLTREL:
+            if(*d != DT_REL) {
+                DL_ERR("DT_RELA not supported");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            break;
+        case DT_JMPREL:
+            si->plt_rel = (Elf32_Rel*) (base + *d);
+            break;
+        case DT_PLTRELSZ:
+            si->plt_rel_count = *d / 8;
+            break;
+        case DT_REL:
+            si->rel = (Elf32_Rel*) (base + *d);
+            break;
+        case DT_RELSZ:
+            si->rel_count = *d / 8;
+            break;
+        case DT_PLTGOT:
+            /* Save this in case we decide to do lazy binding. We don't yet. */
+            si->plt_got = (unsigned *)(base + *d);
+            break;
+        case DT_DEBUG:
+#if !defined(ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER)
+            // Set the DT_DEBUG entry to the addres of _r_debug for GDB
+            *d = (int) &_r_debug;
+#endif
+            break;
+         case DT_RELA:
+            DL_ERR("DT_RELA not supported");
+            goto fail;
+        case DT_INIT:
+            si->init_func = (void (*)(void))(base + *d);
+            DEBUG("%5d %s constructors (init func) found at %p\n",
+                  pid, si->name, si->init_func);
+            break;
+        case DT_FINI:
+            si->fini_func = (void (*)(void))(base + *d);
+            DEBUG("%5d %s destructors (fini func) found at %p\n",
+                  pid, si->name, si->fini_func);
+            break;
+        case DT_INIT_ARRAY:
+            si->init_array = (unsigned *)(base + *d);
+            DEBUG("%5d %s constructors (init_array) found at %p\n",
+                  pid, si->name, si->init_array);
+            break;
+        case DT_INIT_ARRAYSZ:
+            si->init_array_count = ((unsigned)*d) / sizeof(Elf32_Addr);
+            break;
+        case DT_FINI_ARRAY:
+            si->fini_array = (unsigned *)(base + *d);
+            DEBUG("%5d %s destructors (fini_array) found at %p\n",
+                  pid, si->name, si->fini_array);
+            break;
+        case DT_FINI_ARRAYSZ:
+            si->fini_array_count = ((unsigned)*d) / sizeof(Elf32_Addr);
+            break;
+        case DT_PREINIT_ARRAY:
+            si->preinit_array = (unsigned *)(base + *d);
+            DEBUG("%5d %s constructors (preinit_array) found at %p\n",
+                  pid, si->name, si->preinit_array);
+            break;
+        case DT_PREINIT_ARRAYSZ:
+            si->preinit_array_count = ((unsigned)*d) / sizeof(Elf32_Addr);
+            break;
+        case DT_TEXTREL:
+            /* TODO: make use of this. */
+            /* this means that we might have to write into where the text
+             * segment was loaded during relocation... Do something with
+             * it.
+             */
+            DEBUG("%5d Text segment should be writable during relocation.\n",
+                  pid);
+            break;
+#if defined(ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER)
+        case DT_NEEDED:
+        case DT_STRSZ:
+        case DT_SYMENT:
+        case DT_RELENT:
+             break;
+        case DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP:
+            /* Set the DT_MIPS_RLD_MAP entry to the addres of _r_debug for GDB */
+            {
+              struct r_debug **dp = (struct r_debug **)*d;
+              *dp = &_r_debug;
+            }
+            break;
+        case DT_MIPS_RLD_VERSION:
+        case DT_MIPS_FLAGS:
+        case DT_MIPS_BASE_ADDRESS:
+        case DT_MIPS_UNREFEXTNO:
+        case DT_MIPS_RWPLT:
+            break;
+
+        case DT_MIPS_PLTGOT:
+#if 0
+            /* not yet... */
+            si->mips_pltgot = (unsigned *)(si->base + *d);
+#endif
+            break;
+
+        case DT_MIPS_SYMTABNO:
+            si->mips_symtabno = *d;
+            break;
+
+        case DT_MIPS_LOCAL_GOTNO:
+            si->mips_local_gotno = *d;
+            break;
+
+        case DT_MIPS_GOTSYM:
+            si->mips_gotsym = *d;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            DEBUG("%5d Unused DT entry: type 0x%08x arg 0x%08x\n",
+                  pid, d[-1], d[0]);
+            break;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    DEBUG("%5d si->base = 0x%08x, si->strtab = %p, si->symtab = %p\n",
+           pid, si->base, si->strtab, si->symtab);
+
+    if((si->strtab == 0) || (si->symtab == 0)) {
+        DL_ERR("missing essential tables");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* if this is the main executable, then load all of the preloads now */
+    if(si->flags & FLAG_EXE) {
+        int i;
+        memset(preloads, 0, sizeof(preloads));
+        for(i = 0; ldpreload_names[i] != NULL; i++) {
+            soinfo *lsi = find_library(ldpreload_names[i]);
+            if(lsi == 0) {
+                strlcpy(tmp_err_buf, linker_get_error(), sizeof(tmp_err_buf));
+                DL_ERR("could not load library \"%s\" needed by \"%s\"; caused by %s",
+                       ldpreload_names[i], si->name, tmp_err_buf);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            lsi->refcount++;
+            preloads[i] = lsi;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for(d = si->dynamic; *d; d += 2) {
+        if(d[0] == DT_NEEDED){
+            DEBUG("%5d %s needs %s\n", pid, si->name, si->strtab + d[1]);
+            soinfo *lsi = find_library(si->strtab + d[1]);
+            if(lsi == 0) {
+                strlcpy(tmp_err_buf, linker_get_error(), sizeof(tmp_err_buf));
+                DL_ERR("could not load library \"%s\" needed by \"%s\"; caused by %s",
+                       si->strtab + d[1], si->name, tmp_err_buf);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            /* Save the soinfo of the loaded DT_NEEDED library in the payload
+               of the DT_NEEDED entry itself, so that we can retrieve the
+               soinfo directly later from the dynamic segment.  This is a hack,
+               but it allows us to map from DT_NEEDED to soinfo efficiently
+               later on when we resolve relocations, trying to look up a symbol
+               with dlsym().
+            */
+            d[1] = (unsigned)lsi;
+            lsi->refcount++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(si->plt_rel) {
+        DEBUG("[ %5d relocating %s plt ]\n", pid, si->name );
+        if(soinfo_relocate(si, si->plt_rel, si->plt_rel_count))
+            goto fail;
+    }
+    if(si->rel) {
+        DEBUG("[ %5d relocating %s ]\n", pid, si->name );
+        if(soinfo_relocate(si, si->rel, si->rel_count))
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+#ifdef ANDROID_MIPS_LINKER
+    if(mips_relocate_got(si)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    si->flags |= FLAG_LINKED;
+    DEBUG("[ %5d finished linking %s ]\n", pid, si->name);
+
+    /* All relocations are done, we can protect our segments back to
+     * read-only. */
+    if (phdr_table_protect_segments(si->phdr, si->phnum, si->load_bias) < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't protect segments for \"%s\": %s",
+               si->name, strerror(errno));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* We can also turn on GNU RELRO protection */
+    if (phdr_table_protect_gnu_relro(si->phdr, si->phnum, si->load_bias) < 0) {
+        DL_ERR("can't enable GNU RELRO protection for \"%s\": %s",
+               si->name, strerror(errno));
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* If this is a SET?ID program, dup /dev/null to opened stdin,
+       stdout and stderr to close a security hole described in:
+
+    ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio.asc
+
+     */
+    if (program_is_setuid) {
+        nullify_closed_stdio();
+    }
+    notify_gdb_of_load(si);
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    ERROR("failed to link %s\n", si->name);
+    si->flags |= FLAG_ERROR;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void parse_path(const char* path, const char* delimiters,
+                       const char** array, char* buf, size_t buf_size, size_t max_count)
+{
+    if (path == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t len = strlcpy(buf, path, buf_size);
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    char* buf_p = buf;
+    while (i < max_count && (array[i] = strsep(&buf_p, delimiters))) {
+        if (*array[i] != '\0') {
+            ++i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Forget the last path if we had to truncate; this occurs if the 2nd to
+    // last char isn't '\0' (i.e. wasn't originally a delimiter).
+    if (i > 0 && len >= buf_size && buf[buf_size - 2] != '\0') {
+        array[i - 1] = NULL;
+    } else {
+        array[i] = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static void parse_LD_LIBRARY_PATH(const char* path) {
+    parse_path(path, ":", ldpaths,
+               ldpaths_buf, sizeof(ldpaths_buf), LDPATH_MAX);
+}
+
+static void parse_LD_PRELOAD(const char* path) {
+    // We have historically supported ':' as well as ' ' in LD_PRELOAD.
+    parse_path(path, " :", ldpreload_names,
+               ldpreloads_buf, sizeof(ldpreloads_buf), LDPRELOAD_MAX);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This code is called after the linker has linked itself and
+ * fixed it's own GOT. It is safe to make references to externs
+ * and other non-local data at this point.
+ */
+static unsigned __linker_init_post_relocation(unsigned **elfdata, unsigned linker_base)
+{
+    static soinfo linker_soinfo;
+
+    int argc = (int) *elfdata;
+    char **argv = (char**) (elfdata + 1);
+    unsigned *vecs = (unsigned*) (argv + argc + 1);
+    unsigned *v;
+    soinfo *si;
+    int i;
+    struct link_map * map;
+    const char *ldpath_env = NULL;
+    const char *ldpreload_env = NULL;
+
+    /* NOTE: we store the elfdata pointer on a special location
+     *       of the temporary TLS area in order to pass it to
+     *       the C Library's runtime initializer.
+     *
+     *       The initializer must clear the slot and reset the TLS
+     *       to point to a different location to ensure that no other
+     *       shared library constructor can access it.
+     */
+    __libc_init_tls(elfdata);
+
+    pid = getpid();
+
+#if TIMING
+    struct timeval t0, t1;
+    gettimeofday(&t0, 0);
+#endif
+
+    /* Initialize environment functions, and get to the ELF aux vectors table */
+    vecs = linker_env_init(vecs);
+
+    /* Check auxv for AT_SECURE first to see if program is setuid, setgid,
+       has file caps, or caused a SELinux/AppArmor domain transition. */
+    for (v = vecs; v[0]; v += 2) {
+        if (v[0] == AT_SECURE) {
+            /* kernel told us whether to enable secure mode */
+            program_is_setuid = v[1];
+            goto sanitize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Kernel did not provide AT_SECURE - fall back on legacy test. */
+    program_is_setuid = (getuid() != geteuid()) || (getgid() != getegid());
+
+sanitize:
+    /* Sanitize environment if we're loading a setuid program */
+    if (program_is_setuid)
+        linker_env_secure();
+
+    debugger_init();
+
+    /* Get a few environment variables */
+    {
+#if LINKER_DEBUG
+        const char* env;
+        env = linker_env_get("DEBUG"); /* XXX: TODO: Change to LD_DEBUG */
+        if (env)
+            debug_verbosity = atoi(env);
+#endif
+
+        /* Normally, these are cleaned by linker_env_secure, but the test
+         * against program_is_setuid doesn't cost us anything */
+        if (!program_is_setuid) {
+            ldpath_env = linker_env_get("LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
+            ldpreload_env = linker_env_get("LD_PRELOAD");
+        }
+    }
+
+    INFO("[ android linker & debugger ]\n");
+    DEBUG("%5d elfdata @ 0x%08x\n", pid, (unsigned)elfdata);
+
+    si = soinfo_alloc(argv[0]);
+    if(si == 0) {
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+        /* bootstrap the link map, the main exe always needs to be first */
+    si->flags |= FLAG_EXE;
+    map = &(si->linkmap);
+
+    map->l_addr = 0;
+    map->l_name = argv[0];
+    map->l_prev = NULL;
+    map->l_next = NULL;
+
+    _r_debug.r_map = map;
+    r_debug_tail = map;
+
+        /* gdb expects the linker to be in the debug shared object list.
+         * Without this, gdb has trouble locating the linker's ".text"
+         * and ".plt" sections. Gdb could also potentially use this to
+         * relocate the offset of our exported 'rtld_db_dlactivity' symbol.
+         * Don't use soinfo_alloc(), because the linker shouldn't
+         * be on the soinfo list.
+         */
+    strlcpy((char*) linker_soinfo.name, "/system/bin/linker", sizeof linker_soinfo.name);
+    linker_soinfo.flags = 0;
+    linker_soinfo.base = linker_base;
+    insert_soinfo_into_debug_map(&linker_soinfo);
+
+        /* extract information passed from the kernel */
+    while(vecs[0] != 0){
+        switch(vecs[0]){
+        case AT_PHDR:
+            si->phdr = (Elf32_Phdr*) vecs[1];
+            break;
+        case AT_PHNUM:
+            si->phnum = (int) vecs[1];
+            break;
+        case AT_ENTRY:
+            si->entry = vecs[1];
+            break;
+        }
+        vecs += 2;
+    }
+
+    /* Compute the value of si->base. We can't rely on the fact that
+     * the first entry is the PHDR because this will not be true
+     * for certain executables (e.g. some in the NDK unit test suite)
+     */
+    int nn;
+    si->base = 0;
+    si->size = phdr_table_get_load_size(si->phdr, si->phnum);
+    si->load_bias = 0;
+    for ( nn = 0; nn < si->phnum; nn++ ) {
+        if (si->phdr[nn].p_type == PT_PHDR) {
+            si->load_bias = (Elf32_Addr)si->phdr - si->phdr[nn].p_vaddr;
+            si->base = (Elf32_Addr) si->phdr - si->phdr[nn].p_offset;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    si->dynamic = (unsigned *)-1;
+    si->refcount = 1;
+
+    // Use LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD (but only if we aren't setuid/setgid).
+    parse_LD_LIBRARY_PATH(ldpath_env);
+    parse_LD_PRELOAD(ldpreload_env);
+
+    if(soinfo_link_image(si, 0)) {
+        char errmsg[] = "CANNOT LINK EXECUTABLE\n";
+        write(2, __linker_dl_err_buf, strlen(__linker_dl_err_buf));
+        write(2, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    for(i = 0; preloads[i] != NULL; i++) {
+        soinfo_call_constructors(preloads[i]);
+    }
+
+    soinfo_call_constructors(si);
+
+#if ALLOW_SYMBOLS_FROM_MAIN
+    /* Set somain after we've loaded all the libraries in order to prevent
+     * linking of symbols back to the main image, which is not set up at that
+     * point yet.
+     */
+    somain = si;
+#endif
+
+#if TIMING
+    gettimeofday(&t1,NULL);
+    PRINT("LINKER TIME: %s: %d microseconds\n", argv[0], (int) (
+               (((long long)t1.tv_sec * 1000000LL) + (long long)t1.tv_usec) -
+               (((long long)t0.tv_sec * 1000000LL) + (long long)t0.tv_usec)
+               ));
+#endif
+#if STATS
+    PRINT("RELO STATS: %s: %d abs, %d rel, %d copy, %d symbol\n", argv[0],
+           linker_stats.reloc[RELOC_ABSOLUTE],
+           linker_stats.reloc[RELOC_RELATIVE],
+           linker_stats.reloc[RELOC_COPY],
+           linker_stats.reloc[RELOC_SYMBOL]);
+#endif
+#if COUNT_PAGES
+    {
+        unsigned n;
+        unsigned i;
+        unsigned count = 0;
+        for(n = 0; n < 4096; n++){
+            if(bitmask[n]){
+                unsigned x = bitmask[n];
+                for(i = 0; i < 8; i++){
+                    if(x & 1) count++;
+                    x >>= 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        PRINT("PAGES MODIFIED: %s: %d (%dKB)\n", argv[0], count, count * 4);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if TIMING || STATS || COUNT_PAGES
+    fflush(stdout);
+#endif
+
+    TRACE("[ %5d Ready to execute '%s' @ 0x%08x ]\n", pid, si->name,
+          si->entry);
+    return si->entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the value of AT_BASE passed to us by the kernel. This is the load
+ * location of the linker.
+ */
+static unsigned find_linker_base(unsigned **elfdata) {
+    int argc = (int) *elfdata;
+    char **argv = (char**) (elfdata + 1);
+    unsigned *vecs = (unsigned*) (argv + argc + 1);
+    while (vecs[0] != 0) {
+        vecs++;
+    }
+
+    /* The end of the environment block is marked by two NULL pointers */
+    vecs++;
+
+    while(vecs[0]) {
+        if (vecs[0] == AT_BASE) {
+            return vecs[1];
+        }
+        vecs += 2;
+    }
+
+    return 0; // should never happen
+}
+
+/* Compute the load-bias of an existing executable. This shall only
+ * be used to compute the load bias of an executable or shared library
+ * that was loaded by the kernel itself.
+ *
+ * Input:
+ *    elf    -> address of ELF header, assumed to be at the start of the file.
+ * Return:
+ *    load bias, i.e. add the value of any p_vaddr in the file to get
+ *    the corresponding address in memory.
+ */
+static Elf32_Addr
+get_elf_exec_load_bias(const Elf32_Ehdr* elf)
+{
+    Elf32_Addr        offset     = elf->e_phoff;
+    const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table = (const Elf32_Phdr*)((char*)elf + offset);
+    const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_end   = phdr_table + elf->e_phnum;
+    const Elf32_Phdr* phdr;
+
+    for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_end; phdr++) {
+        if (phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
+            return (Elf32_Addr)elf + phdr->p_offset - phdr->p_vaddr;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the entry point for the linker, called from begin.S. This
+ * method is responsible for fixing the linker's own relocations, and
+ * then calling __linker_init_post_relocation().
+ *
+ * Because this method is called before the linker has fixed it's own
+ * relocations, any attempt to reference an extern variable, extern
+ * function, or other GOT reference will generate a segfault.
+ */
+extern "C" unsigned __linker_init(unsigned **elfdata) {
+    unsigned linker_addr = find_linker_base(elfdata);
+    Elf32_Ehdr *elf_hdr = (Elf32_Ehdr *) linker_addr;
+    Elf32_Phdr *phdr =
+        (Elf32_Phdr *)((unsigned char *) linker_addr + elf_hdr->e_phoff);
+
+    soinfo linker_so;
+    memset(&linker_so, 0, sizeof(soinfo));
+
+    linker_so.base = linker_addr;
+    linker_so.size = phdr_table_get_load_size(phdr, elf_hdr->e_phnum);
+    linker_so.load_bias = get_elf_exec_load_bias(elf_hdr);
+    linker_so.dynamic = (unsigned *) -1;
+    linker_so.phdr = phdr;
+    linker_so.phnum = elf_hdr->e_phnum;
+    linker_so.flags |= FLAG_LINKER;
+
+    if (soinfo_link_image(&linker_so, 0)) {
+        // It would be nice to print an error message, but if the linker
+        // can't link itself, there's no guarantee that we'll be able to
+        // call write() (because it involves a GOT reference).
+        //
+        // This situation should never occur unless the linker itself
+        // is corrupt.
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    // We have successfully fixed our own relocations. It's safe to run
+    // the main part of the linker now.
+    return __linker_init_post_relocation(elfdata, linker_addr);
+}