diff --git a/CleanSpec.mk b/CleanSpec.mk
index a93e79e..1d0685d 100644
--- a/CleanSpec.mk
+++ b/CleanSpec.mk
@@ -632,6 +632,8 @@
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)/BootSignature.jar)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)/VeritySigner.jar)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/build_verity_metadata.py)
+
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/lib*/libc_malloc*)
 # ************************************************
 # NEWER CLEAN STEPS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE LIST
 # ************************************************
diff --git a/Deprecation.md b/Deprecation.md
index 01825b2..0d925cb 100644
--- a/Deprecation.md
+++ b/Deprecation.md
@@ -12,11 +12,20 @@
 
 [build/make/core/deprecation.mk] is the source of truth, but for easy browsing:
 
-| Module type                | State     |
-| -------------------------- | --------- |
-| `BUILD_HOST_TEST_CONFIG`   | Error     |
-| `BUILD_TARGET_TEST_CONFIG` | Error     |
-| `BUILD_*`                  | Available |
+| Module type                      | State     |
+| -------------------------------- | --------- |
+| `BUILD_AUX_EXECUTABLE`           | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_AUX_STATIC_LIBRARY`       | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_HOST_FUZZ_TEST`           | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST`         | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_HOST_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY` | Error     |
+| `BUILD_HOST_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY` | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_HOST_TEST_CONFIG`         | Error     |
+| `BUILD_NATIVE_BENCHMARK`         | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY`      | Error     |
+| `BUILD_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY`      | Warning   |
+| `BUILD_TARGET_TEST_CONFIG`       | Error     |
+| `BUILD_*`                        | Available |
 
 ## Module Type Deprecation Process
 
diff --git a/core/Makefile b/core/Makefile
index 70421c4..d6bd804 100644
--- a/core/Makefile
+++ b/core/Makefile
@@ -459,10 +459,11 @@
 
 build_desc :=
 
-ifeq (,$(filter true, $(TARGET_NO_KERNEL) $(TARGET_NO_RECOVERY)))
-INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery.img
-else
 INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET :=
+ifdef BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
+ifneq ($(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT),true)
+INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery.img
+endif
 endif
 
 $(INSTALLED_BUILD_PROP_TARGET): $(intermediate_system_build_prop) $(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET)
@@ -487,6 +488,12 @@
 	@echo Target vendor buildinfo: $@
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) echo > $@
+ifeq ($(PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
+	$(hide) echo ro.boot.dynamic_partitions=true >> $@
+endif
+ifeq ($(PRODUCT_RETROFIT_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
+	$(hide) echo ro.boot.dynamic_partitions_retrofit=true >> $@
+endif
 	$(hide) grep 'ro.product.first_api_level' $(intermediate_system_build_prop) >> $@ || true
 	$(hide) echo ro.vendor.build.security_patch="$(VENDOR_SECURITY_PATCH)">>$@
 	$(hide) echo ro.vendor.product.cpu.abilist="$(TARGET_CPU_ABI_LIST)">>$@
@@ -688,7 +695,7 @@
 	@echo APK certs list: $@
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	@rm -f $@
-	$(foreach p,$(PACKAGES),\
+	$(foreach p,$(sort $(PACKAGES)),\
 	  $(if $(PACKAGES.$(p).EXTERNAL_KEY),\
 	    $(call _apkcerts_write_line,$(p),"EXTERNAL","",$(PACKAGES.$(p).COMPRESSED),$@),\
 	    $(call _apkcerts_write_line,$(p),$(PACKAGES.$(p).CERTIFICATE),$(PACKAGES.$(p).PRIVATE_KEY),$(PACKAGES.$(p).COMPRESSED),$@)))
@@ -900,13 +907,14 @@
 
 endif # BUILDING_RAMDISK_IMAGE
 
-
-INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/boot.img
-
-ifneq ($(strip $(TARGET_NO_KERNEL)),true)
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------
 # the boot image, which is a collection of other images.
+
+# This is defined here since we may be building recovery as boot
+# below and only want to define this once
+BUILT_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/boot.img
+
+ifneq ($(strip $(TARGET_NO_KERNEL)),true)
 INTERNAL_BOOTIMAGE_ARGS := \
 	$(addprefix --second ,$(INSTALLED_2NDBOOTLOADER_TARGET)) \
 	--kernel $(INSTALLED_KERNEL_TARGET)
@@ -945,8 +953,10 @@
     --os_version $(PLATFORM_VERSION) \
     --os_patch_level $(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH)
 
-# We build recovery as boot image if BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT is true.
-ifneq ($(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT),true)
+# Define these only if we are building boot
+ifdef BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE
+INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET := $(BUILT_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET)
+
 ifeq ($(TARGET_BOOTIMAGE_USE_EXT2),true)
 $(error TARGET_BOOTIMAGE_USE_EXT2 is not supported anymore)
 
@@ -1017,7 +1027,7 @@
 	$(hide) $(call assert-max-image-size,$(INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET),$(BOARD_BOOTIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE))
 
 endif # TARGET_BOOTIMAGE_USE_EXT2
-endif # BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT
+endif # BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE
 
 else # TARGET_NO_KERNEL == "true"
 ifdef BOARD_PREBUILT_BOOTIMAGE
@@ -1493,7 +1503,7 @@
 # Recovery image
 
 # Recovery image exists if we are building recovery, or building recovery as boot.
-ifneq (,$(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET)$(filter true,$(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT)))
+ifdef BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
 
 INTERNAL_RECOVERYIMAGE_FILES := $(filter $(TARGET_RECOVERY_OUT)/%, \
     $(ALL_DEFAULT_INSTALLED_MODULES))
@@ -1506,6 +1516,7 @@
 # build-recoveryimage-target, which would touch the files under TARGET_RECOVERY_OUT and race with
 # the call to FILELIST.
 ifeq ($(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT),true)
+INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET := $(BUILT_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET)
 $(INSTALLED_FILES_FILE_RECOVERY): $(INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET)
 else
 $(INSTALLED_FILES_FILE_RECOVERY): $(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET)
@@ -1924,9 +1935,9 @@
 	@echo "make $@: ignoring dependencies"
 	$(call build-recoveryimage-target, $(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET))
 
-else # INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET not defined
+else # BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
 RECOVERY_RESOURCE_ZIP :=
-endif
+endif # BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
 
 .PHONY: recoveryimage
 recoveryimage: $(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET) $(RECOVERY_RESOURCE_ZIP)
@@ -3056,18 +3067,30 @@
   $(error BOARD_AVB_VBMETA_SYSTEM and BOARD_AVB_VBMETA_VENDOR cannot have duplicates)
 endif
 
-# Appends security patch level as a AVB property descriptor
+# Appends os version and security patch level as a AVB property descriptor
 
 BOARD_AVB_SYSTEM_ADD_HASHTREE_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.system.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION) \
     --prop com.android.build.system.security_patch:$(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH)
 
 BOARD_AVB_PRODUCT_ADD_HASHTREE_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.product.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION) \
     --prop com.android.build.product.security_patch:$(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH)
 
 BOARD_AVB_PRODUCT_SERVICES_ADD_HASHTREE_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.product_services.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION) \
     --prop com.android.build.product_services.security_patch:$(PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH)
 
-# The following vendor- and odm-specific images needs explicitly set per board.
+BOARD_AVB_BOOT_ADD_HASH_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.boot.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION)
+
+BOARD_AVB_VENDOR_ADD_HASHTREE_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.vendor.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION)
+
+BOARD_AVB_ODM_ADD_HASHTREE_FOOTER_ARGS += \
+    --prop com.android.build.odm.os_version:$(PLATFORM_VERSION)
+
+# The following vendor- and odm-specific images needs explicit SPL set per board.
 ifdef BOOT_SECURITY_PATCH
 BOARD_AVB_BOOT_ADD_HASH_FOOTER_ARGS += \
     --prop com.android.build.boot.security_patch:$(BOOT_SECURITY_PATCH)
@@ -3358,8 +3381,12 @@
 
 .PHONY: check-all-partition-sizes check-all-partition-sizes-nodeps
 
+check_all_partition_sizes_file := $(call intermediates-dir-for,PACKAGING,check-all-partition-sizes)/timestamp
+
+check-all-partition-sizes: $(check_all_partition_sizes_file)
+
 # Add image dependencies so that generated_*_image_info.txt are written before checking.
-check-all-partition-sizes: \
+$(check_all_partition_sizes_file): \
     build/make/tools/releasetools/sparse_img.py \
     $(call images-for-partitions,$(BOARD_SUPER_PARTITION_PARTITION_LIST))
 
@@ -3427,7 +3454,12 @@
   fi
 endef
 
-check-all-partition-sizes check-all-partition-sizes-nodeps:
+$(check_all_partition_sizes_file):
+	$(call check-all-partition-sizes-target)
+	$(call check-super-partition-size)
+	touch $@
+
+check-all-partition-sizes-nodeps:
 	$(call check-all-partition-sizes-target)
 	$(call check-super-partition-size)
 
@@ -3482,131 +3514,112 @@
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(build_otatools_package),true)
-OTATOOLS :=  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/minigzip \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/aapt \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/checkvintf \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mkbootfs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mkbootimg \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fs_config \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/zipalign \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/bsdiff \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/imgdiff \
-  $(HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)/signapk.jar \
-  $(HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)/boot_signer.jar \
-  $(HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)/verity_signer.jar \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mkuserimg_mke2fs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/tune2fs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mksquashfsimage.sh \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mksquashfs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mkf2fsuserimg.sh \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/make_f2fs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sload_f2fs \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/simg2img \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsck \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/generate_verity_key \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/verity_signer \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/verity_verifier \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/append2simg \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/img2simg \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/boot_signer \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fec \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/brillo_update_payload \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/lib/shflags/shflags \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/delta_generator \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/care_map_generator \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fc_sort \
-  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sefcontext_compile \
-  $(LPMAKE) \
-  $(AVBTOOL) \
-  $(BLK_ALLOC_TO_BASE_FS) \
-  $(BROTLI) \
-  $(BUILD_VERITY_METADATA) \
-  $(BUILD_VERITY_TREE)
+
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES := \
+  aapt \
+  append2simg \
+  avbtool \
+  blk_alloc_to_base_fs \
+  boot_signer \
+  brillo_update_payload \
+  brotli \
+  bsdiff \
+  build_verity_metadata \
+  build_verity_tree \
+  care_map_generator \
+  checkvintf \
+  delta_generator \
+  e2fsck \
+  e2fsdroid \
+  fc_sort \
+  fec \
+  fs_config \
+  generate_verity_key \
+  img2simg \
+  imgdiff \
+  libconscrypt_openjdk_jni \
+  lpmake \
+  make_f2fs \
+  minigzip \
+  mkbootfs \
+  mkbootimg \
+  mke2fs \
+  mke2fs.conf \
+  mkf2fsuserimg.sh \
+  mksquashfs \
+  mksquashfsimage.sh \
+  mkuserimg_mke2fs \
+  sefcontext_compile \
+  shflags \
+  signapk \
+  simg2img \
+  sload_f2fs \
+  tune2fs \
+  verity_signer \
+  verity_verifier \
+  zipalign \
 
 ifeq (true,$(PRODUCT_SUPPORTS_VBOOT))
-OTATOOLS += \
-  $(FUTILITY) \
-  $(VBOOT_SIGNER)
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES += \
+  futility \
+  vboot_signer
 endif
 
-# Shared libraries.
-OTATOOLS += \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libc++$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/liblog$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libcutils$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libselinux$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libcrypto_utils$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libcrypto-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2fs-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2_blkid-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2_com_err-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2_e2p-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2_quota-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext2_uuid-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libconscrypt_openjdk_jni$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libbrillo$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libbrillo-stream$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libchrome$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libevent-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libprotobuf-cpp-lite$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libssl-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libz-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libsparse-host$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libbase$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libpcre2$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libbrotli$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/liblp$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libext4_utils$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libfec$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX) \
-  $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libsquashfs_utils$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX)
-
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_FILES := \
+  $(filter $(HOST_OUT)/%,$(call module-installed-files,$(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES)))
 
 .PHONY: otatools
-otatools: $(OTATOOLS)
+otatools: $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_FILES)
 
-BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/otatools.zip
-$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): zip_root := $(call intermediates-dir-for,PACKAGING,otatools)/otatools
+# For each module, recursively resolve its host shared library dependencies. Then we have a full
+# list of modules whose installed files need to be packed.
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES_WITH_DEPS := \
+  $(sort $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES) \
+      $(foreach m,$(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES),$(call get-all-shared-libs-deps,$(m))))
 
-OTATOOLS_DEPS := \
-  system/extras/ext4_utils/mke2fs.conf \
-  $(sort $(shell find build/make/target/product/security -type f -name "*.x509.pem" -o -name "*.pk8" -o \
-      -name verity_key))
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES := \
+  $(filter $(HOST_OUT)/%,$(call module-installed-files,$(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_MODULES_WITH_DEPS)))
+
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES += \
+  $(sort $(shell find build/make/target/product/security -type f -name "*.x509.pem" -o \
+      -name "*.pk8" -o -name verity_key))
 
 ifneq (,$(wildcard device))
-OTATOOLS_DEPS += \
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES += \
   $(sort $(shell find device $(wildcard vendor) -type f -name "*.pk8" -o -name "verifiedboot*" -o \
       -name "*.x509.pem" -o -name "oem*.prop"))
 endif
 ifneq (,$(wildcard external/avb))
-OTATOOLS_DEPS += \
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES += \
   $(sort $(shell find external/avb/test/data -type f -name "testkey_*.pem" -o \
       -name "atx_metadata.bin"))
 endif
 ifneq (,$(wildcard system/update_engine))
-OTATOOLS_DEPS += \
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES += \
   $(sort $(shell find system/update_engine/scripts -name "*.pyc" -prune -o -type f -print))
 endif
-
-OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS := \
-  $(sort $(shell find build/make/tools/releasetools -name "*.pyc" -prune -o -type f))
-
 ifeq (true,$(PRODUCT_SUPPORTS_VBOOT))
-OTATOOLS_DEPS += \
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES += \
   $(sort $(shell find external/vboot_reference/tests/devkeys -type f))
 endif
 
-$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): $(OTATOOLS) $(OTATOOLS_DEPS) $(OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS) $(SOONG_ZIP)
+INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS := \
+  $(sort $(shell find build/make/tools/releasetools -name "*.pyc" -prune -o \
+      \( -type f -o -type l \) -print))
+
+BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/otatools.zip
+$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT := $(call intermediates-dir-for,PACKAGING,otatools)/otatools
+$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): PRIVATE_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES := $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES)
+$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): PRIVATE_OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS := $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS)
+$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES) $(INTERNAL_OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS)
+$(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE): $(SOONG_ZIP)
 	@echo "Package OTA tools: $@"
-	$(hide) rm -rf $@ $(zip_root)
-	$(hide) mkdir -p $(dir $@) $(zip_root)/bin $(zip_root)/framework $(zip_root)/releasetools
-	$(call copy-files-with-structure,$(OTATOOLS),$(HOST_OUT)/,$(zip_root))
-	$(hide) cp $(SOONG_ZIP) $(zip_root)/bin/
-	$(hide) cp -r -d -p build/make/tools/releasetools/* $(zip_root)/releasetools
-	$(hide) rm -rf $@ $(zip_root)/releasetools/*.pyc
-	$(hide) $(SOONG_ZIP) -o $@ -C $(zip_root) -D $(zip_root) \
-	  -C . $(addprefix -f ,$(OTATOOLS_DEPS))
+	rm -rf $@ $(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT)
+	mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	$(call copy-files-with-structure,$(PRIVATE_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE_FILES),$(HOST_OUT)/,$(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT))
+	$(call copy-files-with-structure,$(PRIVATE_OTATOOLS_RELEASETOOLS),build/make/tools/,$(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT))
+	cp $(SOONG_ZIP) $(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT)/bin/
+	$(SOONG_ZIP) -o $@ -C $(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT) -D $(PRIVATE_ZIP_ROOT)
 
 .PHONY: otatools-package
 otatools-package: $(BUILT_OTATOOLS_PACKAGE)
@@ -3908,6 +3921,9 @@
 ifdef BOARD_BOOTIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE
 	$(hide) echo "boot_size=$(BOARD_BOOTIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE)" >> $(zip_root)/META/misc_info.txt
 endif
+ifeq ($(INSTALLED_BOOTIMAGE_TARGET),)
+	$(hide) echo "no_boot=true" >> $(zip_root)/META/misc_info.txt
+endif
 ifeq ($(INSTALLED_RECOVERYIMAGE_TARGET),)
 	$(hide) echo "no_recovery=true" >> $(zip_root)/META/misc_info.txt
 endif
diff --git a/core/binary.mk b/core/binary.mk
index f3a50f1..a420c02 100644
--- a/core/binary.mk
+++ b/core/binary.mk
@@ -1402,9 +1402,6 @@
 $(notice_target): | $(installed_static_library_notice_file_targets)
 $(LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE): | $(notice_target)
 
-$(notice_target): | $(installed_static_library_notice_file_targets)
-$(LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE): | $(notice_target)
-
 # Default is -fno-rtti.
 ifeq ($(strip $(LOCAL_RTTI_FLAG)),)
 LOCAL_RTTI_FLAG := -fno-rtti
diff --git a/core/board_config.mk b/core/board_config.mk
index 2580a33..d83fa32 100644
--- a/core/board_config.mk
+++ b/core/board_config.mk
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 # Sanity check to warn about likely cryptic errors later in the build.
 ifeq ($(TARGET_IS_64_BIT),true)
   ifeq (,$(filter true false,$(TARGET_SUPPORTS_64_BIT_APPS)))
-    $(warning Building a 32-bit-app-only product on a 64-bit device. \
+    $(error Building a 32-bit-app-only product on a 64-bit device. \
       If this is intentional, set TARGET_SUPPORTS_64_BIT_APPS := false)
   endif
 endif
@@ -290,8 +290,33 @@
 endif
 .KATI_READONLY := BUILDING_CACHE_IMAGE
 
-# TODO: Add BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE / BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
-# This gets complicated with BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT, so skipping for now.
+# Are we building a boot image
+BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE :=
+ifeq ($(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT),true)
+  BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE :=
+else ifeq ($(PRODUCT_BUILD_BOOT_IMAGE),)
+  ifdef BOARD_BOOTIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE
+    BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE := true
+  endif
+else ifeq ($(PRODUCT_BUILD_BOOT_IMAGE),true)
+  BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE := true
+endif
+.KATI_READONLY := BUILDING_BOOT_IMAGE
+
+# Are we building a recovery image
+BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE :=
+ifeq ($(BOARD_USES_RECOVERY_AS_BOOT),true)
+  BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE := true
+else ifeq ($(PRODUCT_BUILD_RECOVERY_IMAGE),)
+  ifdef BOARD_RECOVERYIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE
+    ifeq (,$(filter true, $(TARGET_NO_KERNEL) $(TARGET_NO_RECOVERY)))
+      BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE := true
+    endif
+  endif
+else ifeq ($(PRODUCT_BUILD_RECOVERY_IMAGE),true)
+  BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE := true
+endif
+.KATI_READONLY := BUILDING_RECOVERY_IMAGE
 
 # Are we building a ramdisk image
 BUILDING_RAMDISK_IMAGE := true
@@ -509,6 +534,14 @@
   TARGET_VENDOR_TEST_SUFFIX :=
 endif
 
+###########################################
+# APEXes are by default flattened, i.e. non-updatable.
+# It can be unflattened (and updatable) by inheriting from
+# updatable_apex.mk
+ifeq (,$(TARGET_FLATTEN_APEX))
+TARGET_FLATTEN_APEX := true
+endif
+
 ifeq (,$(TARGET_BUILD_APPS))
 ifdef PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS
   $(foreach v,$(PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS),$(call check_vndk_version,$(v)))
diff --git a/core/config.mk b/core/config.mk
index bf59fb1..57c1d7a 100644
--- a/core/config.mk
+++ b/core/config.mk
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
 BUILD_VERITY_TREE := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/build_verity_tree
 BOOT_SIGNER := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/boot_signer
 FUTILITY := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/futility-host
-VBOOT_SIGNER := prebuilts/misc/scripts/vboot_signer/vboot_signer.sh
+VBOOT_SIGNER := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/vboot_signer
 FEC := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fec
 BRILLO_UPDATE_PAYLOAD := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/brillo_update_payload
 
@@ -624,11 +624,9 @@
 
 USE_OPENJDK9 := true
 
-ifeq ($(EXPERIMENTAL_USE_OPENJDK9),)
+ifeq ($(EXPERIMENTAL_JAVA_LANGUAGE_LEVEL_9),)
 TARGET_OPENJDK9 :=
-else ifeq ($(EXPERIMENTAL_USE_OPENJDK9),1.8)
-TARGET_OPENJDK9 :=
-else ifeq ($(EXPERIMENTAL_USE_OPENJDK9),true)
+else ifeq ($(EXPERIMENTAL_JAVA_LANGUAGE_LEVEL_9),true)
 TARGET_OPENJDK9 := true
 endif
 
@@ -815,15 +813,6 @@
     PLATFORM_SEPOLICY_VERSION \
     TOT_SEPOLICY_VERSION \
 
-ifeq ($(PRODUCT_OTA_ENFORCE_VINTF_KERNEL_REQUIREMENTS),)
-  ifdef PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL
-    ifeq (true,$(call math_gt_or_eq,$(PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL),29))
-      PRODUCT_OTA_ENFORCE_VINTF_KERNEL_REQUIREMENTS := true
-    endif
-  endif
-endif
-.KATI_READONLY := PRODUCT_OTA_ENFORCE_VINTF_KERNEL_REQUIREMENTS
-
 ifeq ($(PRODUCT_RETROFIT_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
   ifneq ($(PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
     $(error PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS must be true when PRODUCT_RETROFIT_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS \
@@ -1113,7 +1102,7 @@
 TARGET_AVAIALBLE_SDK_VERSIONS := $(call numerically_sort,$(TARGET_AVAILABLE_SDK_VERSIONS))
 
 TARGET_SDK_VERSIONS_WITHOUT_JAVA_18_SUPPORT := $(call numbers_less_than,24,$(TARGET_AVAILABLE_SDK_VERSIONS))
-TARGET_SDK_VERSIONS_WITHOUT_JAVA_19_SUPPORT := $(call numbers_less_than,27,$(TARGET_AVAILABLE_SDK_VERSIONS))
+TARGET_SDK_VERSIONS_WITHOUT_JAVA_19_SUPPORT := $(call numbers_less_than,30,$(TARGET_AVAILABLE_SDK_VERSIONS))
 
 ifndef INTERNAL_PLATFORM_PRIVATE_API_FILE
 INTERNAL_PLATFORM_PRIVATE_API_FILE := $(TARGET_OUT_COMMON_INTERMEDIATES)/PACKAGING/private.txt
diff --git a/core/deprecation.mk b/core/deprecation.mk
index 9d57527..11fe290 100644
--- a/core/deprecation.mk
+++ b/core/deprecation.mk
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # These module types can still be used without warnings or errors.
 AVAILABLE_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES :=$= \
-  BUILD_AUX_EXECUTABLE \
-  BUILD_AUX_STATIC_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_COPY_HEADERS \
   BUILD_EXECUTABLE \
   BUILD_FUZZ_TEST \
@@ -9,17 +7,12 @@
   BUILD_HOST_DALVIK_JAVA_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_HOST_DALVIK_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE \
-  BUILD_HOST_FUZZ_TEST \
   BUILD_HOST_JAVA_LIBRARY \
-  BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST \
   BUILD_HOST_PREBUILT \
   BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY \
-  BUILD_HOST_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY \
-  BUILD_HOST_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_JAVA_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT \
-  BUILD_NATIVE_BENCHMARK \
   BUILD_NATIVE_TEST \
   BUILD_NOTICE_FILE \
   BUILD_PACKAGE \
@@ -27,16 +20,21 @@
   BUILD_PREBUILT \
   BUILD_RRO_PACKAGE \
   BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY \
-  BUILD_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY \
   BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY \
-  BUILD_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY \
 
 # These are BUILD_* variables that will throw a warning when used. This is
 # generally a temporary state until all the devices are marked with the
 # relevant BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_* variables, then these would move to
 # DEFAULT_ERROR_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES.
 DEFAULT_WARNING_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES :=$= \
+  BUILD_AUX_EXECUTABLE \
+  BUILD_AUX_STATIC_LIBRARY \
+  BUILD_HOST_FUZZ_TEST \
+  BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST \
+  BUILD_HOST_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY \
+  BUILD_NATIVE_BENCHMARK \
+  BUILD_STATIC_TEST_LIBRARY \
 
 # These are BUILD_* variables that are errors to reference, but you can set
 # BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_* in your BoardConfig.mk in order to turn them back
@@ -48,6 +46,8 @@
 # These are BUILD_* variables that are always errors to reference.
 # Setting the BUILD_BROKEN_USES_BUILD_* variables is also an error.
 OBSOLETE_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES :=$= \
+  BUILD_HOST_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY \
+  BUILD_SHARED_TEST_LIBRARY \
 
 $(foreach m,$(OBSOLETE_BUILD_MODULE_TYPES),\
   $(KATI_obsolete_var $(m),Please convert to Soong) \
diff --git a/core/dex_preopt_config.mk b/core/dex_preopt_config.mk
index b5834b0..c44e4bd 100644
--- a/core/dex_preopt_config.mk
+++ b/core/dex_preopt_config.mk
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-DEX_PREOPT_CONFIG := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/dexpreopt.config
+DEX_PREOPT_CONFIG := $(SOONG_OUT_DIR)/dexpreopt.config
 
 # The default value for LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT
 DEX_PREOPT_DEFAULT ?= true
@@ -169,12 +169,6 @@
     fi)
 endif
 
-# Dummy rule to create dexpreopt.config, it will already have been created
-# by the $(file) call above, but a rule needs to exist to keep the dangling
-# rule check happy.
-$(DEX_PREOPT_CONFIG):
-	@#empty
-
 DEXPREOPT_GEN_DEPS := \
   $(SOONG_HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/profman \
   $(DEX2OAT) \
diff --git a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
index 85ddbfa..266ebd2 100644
--- a/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
+++ b/core/dex_preopt_odex_install.mk
@@ -242,12 +242,12 @@
 
   .KATI_RESTAT: $(my_dexpreopt_script) $(my_strip_script)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_MODULE := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-  $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_GLOBAL_CONFIG := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/dexpreopt.config
+  $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_GLOBAL_CONFIG := $(DEX_PREOPT_CONFIG_FOR_MAKE)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_MODULE_CONFIG := $(my_dexpreopt_config)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): PRIVATE_STRIP_SCRIPT := $(my_strip_script)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): .KATI_IMPLICIT_OUTPUTS := $(my_strip_script)
   $(my_dexpreopt_script): $(DEXPREOPT_GEN)
-  $(my_dexpreopt_script): $(my_dexpreopt_config) $(PRODUCT_OUT)/dexpreopt.config
+  $(my_dexpreopt_script): $(my_dexpreopt_config) $(DEX_PREOPT_CONFIG_FOR_MAKE)
 	@echo "$(PRIVATE_MODULE) dexpreopt gen"
 	$(DEXPREOPT_GEN) -global $(PRIVATE_GLOBAL_CONFIG) -module $(PRIVATE_MODULE_CONFIG) \
 	-dexpreopt_script $@ -strip_script $(PRIVATE_STRIP_SCRIPT) \
diff --git a/core/host_static_test_lib.mk b/core/host_static_test_lib.mk
index a24cd62..a9e39b1 100644
--- a/core/host_static_test_lib.mk
+++ b/core/host_static_test_lib.mk
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_test_internal.mk
 
-include $(BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_static_library.mk
diff --git a/core/java.mk b/core/java.mk
index b951f14..41a1686 100644
--- a/core/java.mk
+++ b/core/java.mk
@@ -240,6 +240,8 @@
 $(java_source_list_file): $(java_sources_deps)
 	$(write-java-source-list)
 
+ALL_MODULES.$(my_register_name).SRCJARS := $(LOCAL_SRCJARS)
+
 ifneq ($(TURBINE_ENABLED),false)
 
 $(full_classes_turbine_jar): PRIVATE_JAVACFLAGS := $(LOCAL_JAVACFLAGS) $(annotation_processor_flags)
diff --git a/core/main.mk b/core/main.mk
index 6f92ff1..0225c89 100644
--- a/core/main.mk
+++ b/core/main.mk
@@ -243,14 +243,6 @@
 ADDITIONAL_DEFAULT_PROPERTIES += ro.actionable_compatible_property.enabled=${PRODUCT_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY}
 endif
 
-ifeq ($(PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
-ADDITIONAL_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES += ro.boot.dynamic_partitions=true
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(PRODUCT_RETROFIT_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS),true)
-ADDITIONAL_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES += ro.boot.dynamic_partitions_retrofit=true
-endif
-
 # Add the system server compiler filter if they are specified for the product.
 ifneq (,$(PRODUCT_SYSTEM_SERVER_COMPILER_FILTER))
 ADDITIONAL_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES += dalvik.vm.systemservercompilerfilter=$(PRODUCT_SYSTEM_SERVER_COMPILER_FILTER)
@@ -722,7 +714,7 @@
     $(eval req_files := )\
     $(foreach req_mod,$(req_mods), \
       $(eval req_file := $(filter $(TARGET_OUT_ROOT)/%, $(call module-installed-files,$(req_mod)))) \
-      $(if $(strip $(req_file)),\
+      $(if $(strip $(req_file))$(ONE_SHOT_MAKEFILE),\
         ,\
         $(error $(m).LOCAL_TARGET_REQUIRED_MODULES : illegal value $(req_mod) : not a device module. If you want to specify host modules to be required to be installed along with your host module, add those module names to LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES instead)\
       )\
@@ -748,7 +740,7 @@
     $(eval req_files := )\
     $(foreach req_mod,$(req_mods), \
       $(eval req_file := $(filter $(HOST_OUT)/%, $(call module-installed-files,$(req_mod)))) \
-      $(if $(strip $(req_file)),\
+      $(if $(strip $(req_file))$(ONE_SHOT_MAKEFILE),\
         ,\
         $(error $(m).LOCAL_HOST_REQUIRED_MODULES : illegal value $(req_mod) : not a host module. If you want to specify target modules to be required to be installed along with your target module, add those module names to LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES instead)\
       )\
@@ -1208,31 +1200,46 @@
 # Runtime APEX libraries
 APEX_MODULE_LIBS := \
   libadbconnection.so \
+  libadbconnectiond.so \
   libandroidicu.so \
   libandroidio.so \
   libart-compiler.so \
   libart-dexlayout.so \
+  libart-disassembler.so \
   libart.so \
   libartbase.so \
+  libartbased.so \
+  libartd-compiler.so \
+  libartd-dexlayout.so \
+  libartd.so \
   libartpalette.so \
+  libc.so \
+  libc_malloc_debug.so \
+  libc_malloc_hooks.so \
   libdexfile.so \
   libdexfile_external.so \
+  libdexfiled.so \
   libdexfiled_external.so \
+  libdl.so \
   libdt_fd_forward.so \
   libdt_socket.so \
   libicui18n.so \
   libicuuc.so \
   libjavacore.so \
   libjdwp.so \
+  libm.so \
   libnativebridge.so \
   libnativehelper.so \
   libnativeloader.so \
   libnpt.so \
   libopenjdk.so \
   libopenjdkjvm.so \
+  libopenjdkjvmd.so \
   libopenjdkjvmti.so \
+  libopenjdkjvmtid.so \
   libpac.so \
   libprofile.so \
+  libprofiled.so \
   libsigchain.so \
 
 # Conscrypt APEX libraries
@@ -1243,6 +1250,9 @@
 # still may create these libraries in /system (b/129006418).
 DISABLE_APEX_LIBS_ABSENCE_CHECK ?=
 
+# Bionic should not be in /system, except for the bootstrap instance.
+APEX_LIBS_ABSENCE_CHECK_EXCLUDE := lib/bootstrap lib64/bootstrap
+
 # Exclude lib/arm and lib/arm64 which contain the native bridge proxy libs. They
 # are compiled for the guest architecture and used with an entirely different
 # linker config. The native libs are then linked to as usual via exported
@@ -1250,7 +1260,7 @@
 # native architecture.
 # TODO(b/130630776): Introduce a make variable for the appropriate directory
 # when native bridge is active.
-APEX_LIBS_ABSENCE_CHECK_EXCLUDE := lib/arm lib/arm64
+APEX_LIBS_ABSENCE_CHECK_EXCLUDE += lib/arm lib/arm64
 
 # Exclude vndk-* subdirectories which contain prebuilts from older releases.
 APEX_LIBS_ABSENCE_CHECK_EXCLUDE += lib/vndk-% lib64/vndk-%
diff --git a/core/product.mk b/core/product.mk
index e5df5cd..838673c 100644
--- a/core/product.mk
+++ b/core/product.mk
@@ -162,7 +162,9 @@
 # used for adding properties to build.prop of product partition
 _product_list_vars += PRODUCT_PRODUCT_SERVICES_PROPERTIES
 _product_list_vars += PRODUCT_ODM_PROPERTIES
-_product_list_vars += PRODUCT_CHARACTERISTICS
+
+# The characteristics of the product, which among other things is passed to aapt
+_product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_CHARACTERISTICS
 
 # A list of words like <source path>:<destination path>[:<owner>].
 # The file at the source path should be copied to the destination path
@@ -302,6 +304,9 @@
 # A flag to override PRODUCT_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY_OVERRIDE
 
+# List of extra VNDK versions to be included
+_product_list_vars += PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS
+
 # Whether the whitelist of actionable compatible properties should be disabled or not
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_ACTIONABLE_COMPATIBLE_PROPERTY_DISABLE
 
@@ -355,9 +360,12 @@
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_BUILD_CACHE_IMAGE
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_BUILD_RAMDISK_IMAGE
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_BUILD_USERDATA_IMAGE
+_product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_BUILD_RECOVERY_IMAGE
+_product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_BUILD_BOOT_IMAGE
 
 _product_list_vars += PRODUCT_UPDATABLE_BOOT_MODULES
 _product_list_vars += PRODUCT_UPDATABLE_BOOT_LOCATIONS
+
 # Whether the product would like to check prebuilt ELF files.
 _product_single_value_vars += PRODUCT_CHECK_ELF_FILES
 
diff --git a/core/product_config.mk b/core/product_config.mk
index 12c2722..cb58cf4 100644
--- a/core/product_config.mk
+++ b/core/product_config.mk
@@ -376,6 +376,23 @@
   PRODUCT_BUILD_SUPER_PARTITION := $(PRODUCT_USE_DYNAMIC_PARTITIONS)
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(PRODUCT_OTA_ENFORCE_VINTF_KERNEL_REQUIREMENTS),)
+  ifdef PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL
+    ifeq (true,$(call math_gt_or_eq,$(PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL),29))
+      PRODUCT_OTA_ENFORCE_VINTF_KERNEL_REQUIREMENTS := true
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+
+# If build command defines OVERRIDE_PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS,
+# override PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS with it.
+ifdef OVERRIDE_PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS
+  PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS := $(OVERRIDE_PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS)
+endif
+
+$(KATI_obsolete_var OVERRIDE_PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS \
+    ,Use PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS instead)
+
 define product-overrides-config
 $$(foreach rule,$$(PRODUCT_$(1)_OVERRIDES),\
     $$(if $$(filter 2,$$(words $$(subst :,$$(space),$$(rule)))),,\
@@ -405,7 +422,9 @@
     ODM \
     CACHE \
     RAMDISK \
-    USERDATA, \
+    USERDATA \
+    BOOT \
+    RECOVERY, \
   $(eval $(call product-build-image-config,$(image))))
 
 product-build-image-config :=
diff --git a/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk b/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
index 31b0e63..7a8f46e 100644
--- a/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
+++ b/core/soong_cc_prebuilt.mk
@@ -223,7 +223,9 @@
 #
 # Filter out some NDK libraries that are not being exported.
 my_static_libraries := \
-    $(filter-out ndk_libc++_static ndk_libc++abi ndk_libandroid_support ndk_libunwind, \
+    $(filter-out ndk_libc++_static ndk_libc++abi ndk_libandroid_support ndk_libunwind \
+      ndk_libc++_static.native_bridge ndk_libc++abi.native_bridge \
+      ndk_libandroid_support.native_bridge ndk_libunwind.native_bridge, \
       $(LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES))
 installed_static_library_notice_file_targets := \
     $(foreach lib,$(my_static_libraries) $(LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES), \
diff --git a/core/soong_config.mk b/core/soong_config.mk
index 48db6b1..220e2c8 100644
--- a/core/soong_config.mk
+++ b/core/soong_config.mk
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@
 $(call add_json_str,  DeviceVndkVersion,                 $(BOARD_VNDK_VERSION))
 $(call add_json_str,  Platform_vndk_version,             $(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION))
 $(call add_json_list, ExtraVndkVersions,                 $(PRODUCT_EXTRA_VNDK_VERSIONS))
+$(call add_json_bool, BoardVndkRuntimeDisable,           $(BOARD_VNDK_RUNTIME_DISABLE))
 $(call add_json_list, DeviceSystemSdkVersions,           $(BOARD_SYSTEMSDK_VERSIONS))
 $(call add_json_list, Platform_systemsdk_versions,       $(PLATFORM_SYSTEMSDK_VERSIONS))
 $(call add_json_bool, Malloc_not_svelte,                 $(call invert_bool,$(filter true,$(MALLOC_SVELTE))))
diff --git a/core/tasks/check_boot_jars/package_whitelist.txt b/core/tasks/check_boot_jars/package_whitelist.txt
index b0becba..3b63843 100644
--- a/core/tasks/check_boot_jars/package_whitelist.txt
+++ b/core/tasks/check_boot_jars/package_whitelist.txt
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
 java\.util\.spi
 java\.util\.stream
 java\.util\.zip
+# TODO: Remove javax.annotation.processing if possible, see http://b/132338110:
+javax\.annotation\.processing
 javax\.crypto
 javax\.crypto\.interfaces
 javax\.crypto\.spec
diff --git a/core/tasks/module-info.mk b/core/tasks/module-info.mk
index 2c56162..2d93128 100644
--- a/core/tasks/module-info.mk
+++ b/core/tasks/module-info.mk
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 			'"test_config": [$(if $(ALL_MODULES.$(m).TEST_CONFIG),"$(ALL_MODULES.$(m).TEST_CONFIG)")], ' \
 			'"dependencies": [$(foreach w,$(sort $(ALL_DEPS.$(m).ALL_DEPS)),"$(w)", )], ' \
 			'"srcs": [$(foreach w,$(sort $(ALL_MODULES.$(m).SRCS)),"$(w)", )], ' \
+			'"srcjars": [$(foreach w,$(sort $(ALL_MODULES.$(m).SRCJARS)),"$(w)", )], ' \
 			'},\n' \
 	 ) | sed -e 's/, *\]/]/g' -e 's/, *\}/ }/g' -e '$$s/,$$//' >> $@
 	$(hide) echo '}' >> $@
diff --git a/core/tasks/vndk.mk b/core/tasks/vndk.mk
index 9420638..90ebd92 100644
--- a/core/tasks/vndk.mk
+++ b/core/tasks/vndk.mk
@@ -27,11 +27,10 @@
 #
 # Args:
 #   $(1): list of module and filename pairs (e.g., ld.config.txt:ld.config.27.txt ...)
-#   $(2): if not empty, evaluates for TARGET_2ND_ARCH
 define paths-of-intermediates
 $(strip \
   $(foreach pair,$(1), \
-    $(eval module := $(call word-colon,1,$(pair))$(if $(2),$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX))) \
+    $(eval module := $(call word-colon,1,$(pair))) \
     $(eval built := $(ALL_MODULES.$(module).BUILT_INSTALLED)) \
     $(eval filename := $(call word-colon,2,$(pair))) \
     $(if $(wordlist 2,100,$(built)), \
@@ -41,30 +40,6 @@
 )
 endef
 
-# Returns src:dest list of notice files
-#
-# Args:
-#   $(1): list of lib names (e.g., libfoo.vendor)
-define paths-of-notice-files
-$(strip \
-  $(foreach lib,$(1), \
-    $(eval notice := $(sort \
-      $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib).NOTICES) \
-      $(if $(TARGET_2ND_ARCH),
-        $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib)$(TARGET_2ND_ARCH_MODULE_SUFFIX).NOTICES)))) \
-    $(if $(wordlist 2,100,$(notice)), \
-      $(error Unable to handle multiple notice files ($(lib)): $(notice))) \
-    $(if $(notice),$(notice):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so.txt)))
-endef
-
-vndk_core_libs := $(addsuffix .vendor,$(VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES))
-vndk_sp_libs := $(addsuffix .vendor,$(VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES))
-vndk_private_libs := $(addsuffix .vendor,$(VNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES))
-
-vndk_snapshot_libs := \
-  $(vndk_core_libs) \
-  $(vndk_sp_libs)
-
 vndk_prebuilt_txts := \
   ld.config.txt \
   vndksp.libraries.txt \
@@ -75,47 +50,6 @@
 vndk_snapshot_configs_out := $(vndk_snapshot_top)/configs
 
 #######################################
-# vndkcore.libraries.txt
-vndkcore.libraries.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/vndkcore.libraries.txt
-$(vndkcore.libraries.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_core_libs)
-$(vndkcore.libraries.txt):
-	@echo 'Generating: $@'
-	@rm -f $@
-	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
-
-
-#######################################
-# vndkprivate.libraries.txt
-vndkprivate.libraries.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/vndkprivate.libraries.txt
-$(vndkprivate.libraries.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_private_libs)
-$(vndkprivate.libraries.txt):
-	@echo 'Generating: $@'
-	@rm -f $@
-	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so >> $@;)
-
-
-#######################################
-# module_paths.txt
-module_paths.txt := $(vndk_snapshot_configs_out)/module_paths.txt
-$(module_paths.txt): PRIVATE_LIBS := $(vndk_snapshot_libs)
-$(module_paths.txt):
-	@echo 'Generating: $@'
-	@rm -f $@
-	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-	$(hide) echo -n > $@
-	$(hide) $(foreach lib,$(PRIVATE_LIBS),echo $(patsubst %.vendor,%,$(lib)).so $(ALL_MODULES.$(lib).PATH) >> $@;)
-
-
-vndk_snapshot_configs := \
-  $(vndkcore.libraries.txt) \
-  $(vndkprivate.libraries.txt) \
-  $(module_paths.txt)
-
-#######################################
 # vndk_snapshot_zip
 vndk_snapshot_variant := $(vndk_snapshot_out)/$(TARGET_ARCH)
 binder :=
@@ -130,44 +64,46 @@
 
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_out)
 
-deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so))
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_CORE_LIBS)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT := $(vndk_lib_dir)/shared/vndk-core
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
-deps :=
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_SOONG_PREBUILTS := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(prebuilts)
+prebuilts :=
 
-deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so))
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_SP_LIBS)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT := $(vndk_lib_dir)/shared/vndk-sp
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
-deps :=
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_SOONG_PREBUILTS := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(prebuilts)
+prebuilts :=
 
 deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach txt,$(vndk_prebuilt_txts), \
-          $(txt):$(patsubst %.txt,%.$(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION).txt,$(txt)))) \
-        $(foreach config,$(vndk_snapshot_configs),$(config):$(notdir $(config)))
+          $(txt):$(patsubst %.txt,%.$(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION).txt,$(txt))))
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_CONFIGS)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_variant)/configs
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_INTERMEDIATES := $(deps)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_CONFIGS_SOONG_PREBUILTS := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d))) $(prebuilts)
 deps :=
+prebuilts :=
 
-notices := $(call paths-of-notice-files,$(vndk_core_libs) $(vndk_sp_libs))
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_NOTICES)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_OUT := $(vndk_snapshot_variant)/NOTICE_FILES
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_INTERMEDIATES := $(notices)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach n,$(notices),$(call word-colon,1,$(n)))
-notices :=
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_SOONG_PREBUILTS := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(prebuilts)
+prebuilts :=
 
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_core_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so),true)
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_CORE_LIBS_2ND)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT_2ND := $(vndk_lib_dir_2nd)/shared/vndk-core
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := $(deps)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
-deps :=
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_SOONG_PREBUILTS_2ND := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(prebuilts)
+prebuilts :=
 
-deps := $(call paths-of-intermediates,$(foreach lib,$(vndk_sp_libs),$(lib):$(subst .vendor,,$(lib)).so),true)
+prebuilts := $(SOONG_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_SP_LIBS_2ND)
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT_2ND := $(vndk_lib_dir_2nd)/shared/vndk-sp
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES_2ND := $(deps)
-$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(foreach d,$(deps),$(call word-colon,1,$(d)))
-deps :=
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_SOONG_PREBUILTS_2ND := $(prebuilts)
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(prebuilts)
+prebuilts :=
 endif
 
 # Args
@@ -182,6 +118,15 @@
     true \
   ))
 
+# Args
+#   $(1): destination directory
+#   $(2): list of prebuilts to copy
+$(vndk_snapshot_zip): private-copy-prebuilts = \
+  $(if $(2),$(strip \
+    @mkdir -p $(1) && \
+    $(foreach file, $(2), cp $(file) $(1) && ) \
+    true \
+  ))
 
 $(vndk_snapshot_zip): $(SOONG_ZIP)
 	@echo 'Generating VNDK snapshot: $@'
@@ -189,18 +134,20 @@
 	@rm -rf $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
 	@mkdir -p $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
 	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
-		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
-		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
 		$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_OUT),$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_INTERMEDIATES))
-	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
-		$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_OUT),$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_INTERMEDIATES))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_SOONG_PREBUILTS))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_SOONG_PREBUILTS))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_OUT),$(PRIVATE_CONFIGS_SOONG_PREBUILTS))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_OUT),$(PRIVATE_NOTICE_FILES_SOONG_PREBUILTS))
 ifdef TARGET_2ND_ARCH
-	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
-		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_INTERMEDIATES_2ND))
-	$(call private-copy-intermediates, \
-		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_INTERMEDIATES_2ND))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_SOONG_PREBUILTS_2ND))
+	$(call private-copy-prebuilts, \
+		$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_OUT_2ND),$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SP_SOONG_PREBUILTS_2ND))
 endif
 	$(hide) $(SOONG_ZIP) -o $@ -C $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT) -D $(PRIVATE_VNDK_SNAPSHOT_OUT)
 
@@ -212,12 +159,7 @@
 # clear global vars
 clang-ubsan-vndk-core :=
 paths-of-intermediates :=
-paths-of-notice-files :=
-vndk_core_libs :=
-vndk_sp_libs :=
-vndk_snapshot_libs :=
 vndk_prebuilt_txts :=
-vndk_snapshot_configs :=
 vndk_snapshot_top :=
 vndk_snapshot_out :=
 vndk_snapshot_configs_out :=
diff --git a/core/version_defaults.mk b/core/version_defaults.mk
index b248fd3..2714f83 100644
--- a/core/version_defaults.mk
+++ b/core/version_defaults.mk
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
     #  It must be of the form "YYYY-MM-DD" on production devices.
     #  It must match one of the Android Security Patch Level strings of the Public Security Bulletins.
     #  If there is no $PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH set, keep it empty.
-      PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH := 2019-04-05
+      PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH := 2019-05-05
 endif
 .KATI_READONLY := PLATFORM_SECURITY_PATCH
 
diff --git a/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk b/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
index 6c56671..be7c804 100644
--- a/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
+++ b/target/board/BoardConfigMainlineCommon.mk
@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@
 
 BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND := true
 
-# Enable A/B update
-AB_OTA_UPDATER := true
-
 # Enable system property split for Treble
 BOARD_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES_SPLIT_ENABLED := true
 
diff --git a/target/board/mainline_arm64/BoardConfig.mk b/target/board/mainline_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
index 8bb6212..70505f4 100644
--- a/target/board/mainline_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
+++ b/target/board/mainline_arm64/BoardConfig.mk
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@
 
 TARGET_NO_KERNEL := true
 
+# Build generic A/B format system-only OTA.
+AB_OTA_UPDATER := true
 AB_OTA_PARTITIONS := system
 
 BOARD_VENDORIMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM_TYPE := ext4
diff --git a/target/product/base_system.mk b/target/product/base_system.mk
index 23289f5..606a605 100644
--- a/target/product/base_system.mk
+++ b/target/product/base_system.mk
@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@
     libcamera2ndk \
     libcamera_client \
     libcameraservice \
-    libc_malloc_debug \
-    libc_malloc_hooks \
     libcutils \
     libdl.bootstrap \
     libdrmframework \
diff --git a/target/product/updatable_apex.mk b/target/product/updatable_apex.mk
index 4b31578..038f66e 100644
--- a/target/product/updatable_apex.mk
+++ b/target/product/updatable_apex.mk
@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@
 
 PRODUCT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES := ro.apex.updatable=true
 PRODUCT_PACKAGES := com.android.apex.cts.shim.v1_prebuilt
+TARGET_FLATTEN_APEX := false
diff --git a/tools/droiddoc/Android.bp b/tools/droiddoc/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0428068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/droiddoc/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+droiddoc_exported_dir {
+    name: "droiddoc-templates-pdk",
+    path: "templates-pdk",
+}
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
index 99ffa31..4156c8b 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
@@ -730,6 +730,7 @@
   OPTIONS.info_dict = common.LoadInfoDict(OPTIONS.input_tmp, repacking=True)
 
   has_recovery = OPTIONS.info_dict.get("no_recovery") != "true"
+  has_boot = OPTIONS.info_dict.get("no_boot") != "true"
 
   # {vendor,odm,product,product_services}.img are unlike system.img or
   # system_other.img. Because it could be built from source, or dropped into
@@ -777,17 +778,19 @@
   def banner(s):
     logger.info("\n\n++++ " + s + " ++++\n\n")
 
-  banner("boot")
-  # common.GetBootableImage() returns the image directly if present.
-  boot_image = common.GetBootableImage(
-      "IMAGES/boot.img", "boot.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "BOOT")
-  # boot.img may be unavailable in some targets (e.g. aosp_arm64).
-  if boot_image:
-    partitions['boot'] = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "IMAGES", "boot.img")
-    if not os.path.exists(partitions['boot']):
-      boot_image.WriteToDir(OPTIONS.input_tmp)
-      if output_zip:
-        boot_image.AddToZip(output_zip)
+  boot_image = None
+  if has_boot:
+    banner("boot")
+    # common.GetBootableImage() returns the image directly if present.
+    boot_image = common.GetBootableImage(
+        "IMAGES/boot.img", "boot.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "BOOT")
+    # boot.img may be unavailable in some targets (e.g. aosp_arm64).
+    if boot_image:
+      partitions['boot'] = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "IMAGES", "boot.img")
+      if not os.path.exists(partitions['boot']):
+        boot_image.WriteToDir(OPTIONS.input_tmp)
+        if output_zip:
+          boot_image.AddToZip(output_zip)
 
   recovery_image = None
   if has_recovery:
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/apex_utils.py b/tools/releasetools/apex_utils.py
index d14c94f..fb4ca76 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/apex_utils.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/apex_utils.py
@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@
 import re
 import shlex
 import sys
+import zipfile
 
 import common
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+OPTIONS = common.OPTIONS
+
 
 class ApexInfoError(Exception):
   """An Exception raised during Apex Information command."""
@@ -145,3 +148,72 @@
           'Failed to find {} prop in {}'.format(key, payload_path))
 
   return payload_info
+
+
+def SignApex(apex_data, payload_key, container_key, container_pw,
+             codename_to_api_level_map, signing_args=None):
+  """Signs the current APEX with the given payload/container keys.
+
+  Args:
+    apex_data: Raw APEX data.
+    payload_key: The path to payload signing key (w/ extension).
+    container_key: The path to container signing key (w/o extension).
+    container_pw: The matching password of the container_key, or None.
+    codename_to_api_level_map: A dict that maps from codename to API level.
+    signing_args: Additional args to be passed to the payload signer.
+
+  Returns:
+    The path to the signed APEX file.
+  """
+  apex_file = common.MakeTempFile(prefix='apex-', suffix='.apex')
+  with open(apex_file, 'wb') as apex_fp:
+    apex_fp.write(apex_data)
+
+  APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE = 'apex_payload.img'
+  APEX_PUBKEY = 'apex_pubkey'
+
+  # 1a. Extract and sign the APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE entry with the given
+  # payload_key.
+  payload_dir = common.MakeTempDir(prefix='apex-payload-')
+  with zipfile.ZipFile(apex_file) as apex_fd:
+    payload_file = apex_fd.extract(APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE, payload_dir)
+
+  payload_info = ParseApexPayloadInfo(payload_file)
+  SignApexPayload(
+      payload_file,
+      payload_key,
+      payload_info['apex.key'],
+      payload_info['Algorithm'],
+      payload_info['Salt'],
+      signing_args)
+
+  # 1b. Update the embedded payload public key.
+  payload_public_key = common.ExtractAvbPublicKey(payload_key)
+
+  common.ZipDelete(apex_file, APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE)
+  common.ZipDelete(apex_file, APEX_PUBKEY)
+  apex_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(apex_file, 'a')
+  common.ZipWrite(apex_zip, payload_file, arcname=APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE)
+  common.ZipWrite(apex_zip, payload_public_key, arcname=APEX_PUBKEY)
+  common.ZipClose(apex_zip)
+
+  # 2. Align the files at page boundary (same as in apexer).
+  aligned_apex = common.MakeTempFile(prefix='apex-container-', suffix='.apex')
+  common.RunAndCheckOutput(['zipalign', '-f', '4096', apex_file, aligned_apex])
+
+  # 3. Sign the APEX container with container_key.
+  signed_apex = common.MakeTempFile(prefix='apex-container-', suffix='.apex')
+
+  # Specify the 4K alignment when calling SignApk.
+  extra_signapk_args = OPTIONS.extra_signapk_args[:]
+  extra_signapk_args.extend(['-a', '4096'])
+
+  common.SignFile(
+      aligned_apex,
+      signed_apex,
+      container_key,
+      container_pw,
+      codename_to_api_level_map=codename_to_api_level_map,
+      extra_signapk_args=extra_signapk_args)
+
+  return signed_apex
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/common.py b/tools/releasetools/common.py
index 495fec3..e642297 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/common.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/common.py
@@ -332,10 +332,8 @@
     raise ValueError("Failed to find 'fstab_version'")
 
   if repacking:
-    # We carry a copy of file_contexts.bin under META/. If not available, search
-    # BOOT/RAMDISK/. Note that sometimes we may need a different file to build
-    # images than the one running on device, in that case, we must have the one
-    # for image generation copied to META/.
+    # "selinux_fc" should point to the file_contexts file (file_contexts.bin)
+    # under META/.
     fc_basename = os.path.basename(d.get("selinux_fc", "file_contexts"))
     fc_config = os.path.join(input_file, "META", fc_basename)
     assert os.path.exists(fc_config)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
index 6165d96..8fb9871 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
@@ -180,8 +180,10 @@
     OPTIONS.input_tmp = target_files
   elif zipfile.is_zipfile(target_files):
     logger.info("Building image zip from target files zip.")
-    OPTIONS.input_tmp = common.UnzipTemp(target_files,
-                                         ["IMAGES/*", "OTA/*", "META/*"])
+    # We need files under IMAGES/, OTA/, META/ for img_from_target_files.py.
+    # However, common.LoadInfoDict() may read additional files under BOOT/,
+    # RECOVERY/ and ROOT/. So unzip everything from the target_files.zip.
+    OPTIONS.input_tmp = common.UnzipTemp(target_files)
   else:
     raise ValueError("%s is not a valid path." % target_files)
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
index f0d55d7..2a722c5 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/merge_target_files.py
@@ -185,6 +185,26 @@
 ]
 
 
+def write_sorted_data(data, path):
+  """Write the sorted contents of either a list or dict to file.
+
+  This function sorts the contents of the list or dict and then
+  writes the resulting sorted contents to a file specified by path.
+
+  Args:
+    data: The list or dict to sort and write.
+    path: Path to the file to write the sorted values to. The file at path will
+      be overridden if it exists.
+  """
+  with open(path, 'w') as output:
+    sorted_data = sorted(data.keys()) if isinstance(data,
+                                                    dict) else sorted(data)
+    for entry in sorted_data:
+      out_str = '{}={}\n'.format(entry, data[entry]) if isinstance(
+          data, dict) else '{}\n'.format(entry)
+      output.write(out_str)
+
+
 def extract_items(target_files, target_files_temp_dir, extract_item_list):
   """Extract items from target files to temporary directory.
 
@@ -341,9 +361,7 @@
   output_ab_partitions_txt = os.path.join(output_target_files_temp_dir, 'META',
                                           'ab_partitions.txt')
 
-  with open(output_ab_partitions_txt, 'w') as output:
-    for partition in sorted(output_ab_partitions):
-      output.write('%s\n' % partition)
+  write_sorted_data(data=output_ab_partitions, path=output_ab_partitions_txt)
 
 
 def append_recovery_to_filesystem_config(output_target_files_temp_dir):
@@ -372,6 +390,63 @@
             'selabel=u:object_r:install_recovery_exec:s0 capabilities=0x0\n')
 
 
+def merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts(system_dict,
+                                       other_dict,
+                                       include_dynamic_partition_list=True,
+                                       size_prefix='',
+                                       size_suffix='',
+                                       list_prefix='',
+                                       list_suffix=''):
+  """Merges dynamic partition info variables.
+
+  Args:
+    system_dict: The dictionary of dynamic partition info variables from the
+      partial system target files.
+    other_dict: The dictionary of dynamic partition info variables from the
+      partial other target files.
+    include_dynamic_partition_list: If true, merges the dynamic_partition_list
+      variable. Not all use cases need this variable merged.
+    size_prefix: The prefix in partition group size variables that precedes the
+      name of the partition group. For example, partition group 'group_a' with
+      corresponding size variable 'super_group_a_group_size' would have the
+      size_prefix 'super_'.
+    size_suffix: Similar to size_prefix but for the variable's suffix. For
+      example, 'super_group_a_group_size' would have size_suffix '_group_size'.
+    list_prefix: Similar to size_prefix but for the partition group's
+      partition_list variable.
+    list_suffix: Similar to size_suffix but for the partition group's
+      partition_list variable.
+
+  Returns:
+    The merged dynamic partition info dictionary.
+  """
+  merged_dict = {}
+  # Partition groups and group sizes are defined by the other (non-system)
+  # dict because these values may vary for each board that uses a shared system
+  # image.
+  merged_dict['super_partition_groups'] = other_dict['super_partition_groups']
+  if include_dynamic_partition_list:
+    system_dynamic_partition_list = system_dict.get('dynamic_partition_list',
+                                                    '')
+    other_dynamic_partition_list = other_dict.get('dynamic_partition_list', '')
+    merged_dict['dynamic_partition_list'] = (
+        '%s %s' %
+        (system_dynamic_partition_list, other_dynamic_partition_list)).strip()
+  for partition_group in merged_dict['super_partition_groups'].split(' '):
+    # Set the partition group's size using the value from the other dict.
+    key = '%s%s%s' % (size_prefix, partition_group, size_suffix)
+    if key not in other_dict:
+      raise ValueError('Other dict does not contain required key %s.' % key)
+    merged_dict[key] = other_dict[key]
+
+    # Set the partition group's partition list using a concatenation of the
+    # system and other partition lists.
+    key = '%s%s%s' % (list_prefix, partition_group, list_suffix)
+    merged_dict[key] = (
+        '%s %s' % (system_dict.get(key, ''), other_dict.get(key, ''))).strip()
+  return merged_dict
+
+
 def process_misc_info_txt(system_target_files_temp_dir,
                           other_target_files_temp_dir,
                           output_target_files_temp_dir, system_misc_info_keys):
@@ -417,30 +492,117 @@
   # Merge misc info keys used for Dynamic Partitions.
   if (merged_info_dict.get('use_dynamic_partitions') == 'true') and (
       system_info_dict.get('use_dynamic_partitions') == 'true'):
-    merged_info_dict['dynamic_partition_list'] = '%s %s' % (
-        system_info_dict.get('dynamic_partition_list', ''),
-        merged_info_dict.get('dynamic_partition_list', ''))
-    # Partition groups and group sizes are defined by the other (non-system)
-    # misc info file because these values may vary for each board that uses
-    # a shared system image.
-    for partition_group in merged_info_dict['super_partition_groups'].split(
-        ' '):
-      if ('super_%s_group_size' % partition_group) not in merged_info_dict:
-        raise ValueError(
-            'Other META/misc_info.txt does not contain required key '
-            'super_%s_group_size.' % partition_group)
-      key = 'super_%s_partition_list' % partition_group
-      merged_info_dict[key] = '%s %s' % (system_info_dict.get(
-          key, ''), merged_info_dict.get(key, ''))
+    merged_dynamic_partitions_dict = merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts(
+        system_dict=system_info_dict,
+        other_dict=merged_info_dict,
+        size_prefix='super_',
+        size_suffix='_group_size',
+        list_prefix='super_',
+        list_suffix='_partition_list')
+    merged_info_dict.update(merged_dynamic_partitions_dict)
 
   output_misc_info_txt = os.path.join(output_target_files_temp_dir, 'META',
                                       'misc_info.txt')
+  write_sorted_data(data=merged_info_dict, path=output_misc_info_txt)
 
-  sorted_keys = sorted(merged_info_dict.keys())
 
-  with open(output_misc_info_txt, 'w') as output:
-    for key in sorted_keys:
-      output.write('{}={}\n'.format(key, merged_info_dict[key]))
+def process_dynamic_partitions_info_txt(system_target_files_dir,
+                                        other_target_files_dir,
+                                        output_target_files_dir):
+  """Perform special processing for META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt.
+
+  This function merges the contents of the META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt
+  files from the system directory and the other directory, placing the merged
+  result in the output directory.
+
+  This function does nothing if META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt from the other
+  directory does not exist.
+
+  Args:
+    system_target_files_dir: The name of a directory containing the special
+      items extracted from the system target files package.
+    other_target_files_dir: The name of a directory containing the special items
+      extracted from the other target files package.
+    output_target_files_dir: The name of a directory that will be used to create
+      the output target files package after all the special cases are processed.
+  """
+
+  if not os.path.exists(
+      os.path.join(other_target_files_dir, 'META',
+                   'dynamic_partitions_info.txt')):
+    return
+
+  def read_helper(d):
+    dynamic_partitions_info_txt = os.path.join(d, 'META',
+                                               'dynamic_partitions_info.txt')
+    with open(dynamic_partitions_info_txt) as f:
+      return list(f.read().splitlines())
+
+  system_dynamic_partitions_dict = common.LoadDictionaryFromLines(
+      read_helper(system_target_files_dir))
+  other_dynamic_partitions_dict = common.LoadDictionaryFromLines(
+      read_helper(other_target_files_dir))
+
+  merged_dynamic_partitions_dict = merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts(
+      system_dict=system_dynamic_partitions_dict,
+      other_dict=other_dynamic_partitions_dict,
+      # META/dynamic_partitions_info.txt does not use dynamic_partition_list.
+      include_dynamic_partition_list=False,
+      size_suffix='_size',
+      list_suffix='_partition_list')
+
+  output_dynamic_partitions_info_txt = os.path.join(
+      output_target_files_dir, 'META', 'dynamic_partitions_info.txt')
+  write_sorted_data(
+      data=merged_dynamic_partitions_dict,
+      path=output_dynamic_partitions_info_txt)
+
+
+def process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common(system_target_files_dir,
+                                       other_target_files_dir,
+                                       output_target_files_dir, file_name):
+  """Perform special processing for META/apexkeys.txt or META/apkcerts.txt.
+
+  This function merges the contents of the META/apexkeys.txt or
+  META/apkcerts.txt
+  files from the system directory and the other directory, placing the merged
+  result in the output directory. The precondition in that the files are already
+  extracted.
+  The post condition is that the output META/apexkeys.txt or META/apkcerts.txt
+  contains the merged content.
+
+  Args:
+    system_target_files_dir: The name of a directory containing the special
+      items extracted from the system target files package.
+    other_target_files_dir: The name of a directory containing the special items
+      extracted from the other target files package.
+    output_target_files_dir: The name of a directory that will be used to create
+      the output target files package after all the special cases are processed.
+    file_name: The name of the file to merge. One of apkcerts.txt or
+      apexkeys.txt.
+  """
+
+  def read_helper(d):
+    temp = {}
+    file_path = os.path.join(d, 'META', file_name)
+    with open(file_path) as f:
+      for line in f:
+        if line.strip():
+          temp[line.split()[0]] = line.strip()
+    return temp
+
+  system_dict = read_helper(system_target_files_dir)
+  other_dict = read_helper(other_target_files_dir)
+
+  for key in system_dict:
+    if key in other_dict and other_dict[key] != system_dict[key]:
+      raise ValueError('Conflicting entries found in %s:\n %s and\n %s' %
+                       (file_name, system_dict[key], other_dict[key]))
+    other_dict[key] = system_dict[key]
+
+  output_file = os.path.join(output_target_files_dir, 'META', file_name)
+
+  write_sorted_data(data=other_dict.values(), path=output_file)
 
 
 def process_special_cases(system_target_files_temp_dir,
@@ -482,6 +644,23 @@
       output_target_files_temp_dir=output_target_files_temp_dir,
       system_misc_info_keys=system_misc_info_keys)
 
+  process_dynamic_partitions_info_txt(
+      system_target_files_dir=system_target_files_temp_dir,
+      other_target_files_dir=other_target_files_temp_dir,
+      output_target_files_dir=output_target_files_temp_dir)
+
+  process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common(
+      system_target_files_dir=system_target_files_temp_dir,
+      other_target_files_dir=other_target_files_temp_dir,
+      output_target_files_dir=output_target_files_temp_dir,
+      file_name='apkcerts.txt')
+
+  process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common(
+      system_target_files_dir=system_target_files_temp_dir,
+      other_target_files_dir=other_target_files_temp_dir,
+      output_target_files_dir=output_target_files_temp_dir,
+      file_name='apexkeys.txt')
+
 
 def merge_target_files(temp_dir, system_target_files, system_item_list,
                        system_misc_info_keys, other_target_files,
@@ -648,7 +827,8 @@
       output_target_files_meta_dir,
   ]
   find_process = common.Run(find_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, verbose=False)
-  meta_content = common.RunAndCheckOutput(['sort'], stdin=find_process.stdout,
+  meta_content = common.RunAndCheckOutput(['sort'],
+                                          stdin=find_process.stdout,
                                           verbose=False)
 
   find_command = [
@@ -656,7 +836,8 @@
       output_target_files_meta_dir, '-prune', '-o', '-print'
   ]
   find_process = common.Run(find_command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, verbose=False)
-  other_content = common.RunAndCheckOutput(['sort'], stdin=find_process.stdout,
+  other_content = common.RunAndCheckOutput(['sort'],
+                                           stdin=find_process.stdout,
                                            verbose=False)
 
   with open(output_target_files_list, 'wb') as f:
@@ -686,7 +867,6 @@
     ota_from_target_files.main(ota_from_target_files_args)
 
 
-
 def call_func_with_temp_dir(func, keep_tmp):
   """Manage the creation and cleanup of the temporary directory.
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/sign_apex.py b/tools/releasetools/sign_apex.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1778615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/releasetools/sign_apex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Signs a standalone APEX file.
+
+Usage:  sign_apex [flags] input_apex_file output_apex_file
+
+  --container_key <key>
+      Mandatory flag that specifies the container signing key.
+
+  --payload_key <key>
+      Mandatory flag that specifies the payload signing key.
+
+  --payload_extra_args <args>
+      Optional flag that specifies any extra args to be passed to payload signer
+      (e.g. --payload_extra_args="--signing_helper_with_files /path/to/helper").
+"""
+
+import logging
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+import apex_utils
+import common
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def main(argv):
+
+  options = {}
+
+  def option_handler(o, a):
+    if o == '--container_key':
+      # Strip the suffix if any, as common.SignFile expects no suffix.
+      DEFAULT_CONTAINER_KEY_SUFFIX = '.x509.pem'
+      if a.endswith(DEFAULT_CONTAINER_KEY_SUFFIX):
+        a = a[:-len(DEFAULT_CONTAINER_KEY_SUFFIX)]
+      options['container_key'] = a
+    elif o == '--payload_key':
+      options['payload_key'] = a
+    elif o == '--payload_extra_args':
+      options['payload_extra_args'] = a
+    else:
+      return False
+    return True
+
+  args = common.ParseOptions(
+      argv, __doc__,
+      extra_opts='',
+      extra_long_opts=[
+          'container_key=',
+          'payload_extra_args=',
+          'payload_key=',
+      ],
+      extra_option_handler=option_handler)
+
+  if (len(args) != 2 or 'container_key' not in options or
+      'payload_key' not in options):
+    common.Usage(__doc__)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  common.InitLogging()
+
+  input_zip = args[0]
+  output_zip = args[1]
+  with open(input_zip) as input_fp:
+    apex_data = input_fp.read()
+
+  signed_apex = apex_utils.SignApex(
+      apex_data,
+      payload_key=options['payload_key'],
+      container_key=options['container_key'],
+      container_pw=None,
+      codename_to_api_level_map=None,
+      signing_args=options.get('payload_extra_args'))
+
+  shutil.copyfile(signed_apex, output_zip)
+  logger.info("done.")
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  try:
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
+  except common.ExternalError:
+    logger.exception("\n   ERROR:\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+  finally:
+    common.Cleanup()
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
index 24ee91b..7de0978 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
@@ -403,77 +403,6 @@
   return data
 
 
-def SignApex(apex_data, payload_key, container_key, container_pw,
-             codename_to_api_level_map, signing_args=None):
-  """Signs the current APEX with the given payload/container keys.
-
-  Args:
-    apex_data: Raw APEX data.
-    payload_key: The path to payload signing key (w/ extension).
-    container_key: The path to container signing key (w/o extension).
-    container_pw: The matching password of the container_key, or None.
-    codename_to_api_level_map: A dict that maps from codename to API level.
-    signing_args: Additional args to be passed to the payload signer.
-
-  Returns:
-    The path to the signed APEX file.
-  """
-  apex_file = common.MakeTempFile(prefix='apex-', suffix='.apex')
-  with open(apex_file, 'wb') as apex_fp:
-    apex_fp.write(apex_data)
-
-  APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE = 'apex_payload.img'
-  APEX_PUBKEY = 'apex_pubkey'
-
-  # 1a. Extract and sign the APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE entry with the given
-  # payload_key.
-  payload_dir = common.MakeTempDir(prefix='apex-payload-')
-  with zipfile.ZipFile(apex_file) as apex_fd:
-    payload_file = apex_fd.extract(APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE, payload_dir)
-
-  payload_info = apex_utils.ParseApexPayloadInfo(payload_file)
-  apex_utils.SignApexPayload(
-      payload_file,
-      payload_key,
-      payload_info['apex.key'],
-      payload_info['Algorithm'],
-      payload_info['Salt'],
-      signing_args)
-
-  # 1b. Update the embedded payload public key.
-  payload_public_key = common.ExtractAvbPublicKey(payload_key)
-
-  common.ZipDelete(apex_file, APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE)
-  common.ZipDelete(apex_file, APEX_PUBKEY)
-  apex_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(apex_file, 'a')
-  common.ZipWrite(apex_zip, payload_file, arcname=APEX_PAYLOAD_IMAGE)
-  common.ZipWrite(apex_zip, payload_public_key, arcname=APEX_PUBKEY)
-  common.ZipClose(apex_zip)
-
-  # 2. Align the files at page boundary (same as in apexer).
-  aligned_apex = common.MakeTempFile(
-      prefix='apex-container-', suffix='.apex')
-  common.RunAndCheckOutput(
-      ['zipalign', '-f', '4096', apex_file, aligned_apex])
-
-  # 3. Sign the APEX container with container_key.
-  signed_apex = common.MakeTempFile(prefix='apex-container-', suffix='.apex')
-
-  # Specify the 4K alignment when calling SignApk.
-  extra_signapk_args = OPTIONS.extra_signapk_args[:]
-  extra_signapk_args.extend(['-a', '4096'])
-
-  common.SignFile(
-      aligned_apex,
-      signed_apex,
-      container_key,
-      container_pw,
-      codename_to_api_level_map=codename_to_api_level_map,
-      extra_signapk_args=extra_signapk_args)
-
-  return signed_apex
-
-
 def ProcessTargetFiles(input_tf_zip, output_tf_zip, misc_info,
                        apk_keys, apex_keys, key_passwords,
                        platform_api_level, codename_to_api_level_map,
@@ -538,7 +467,7 @@
         print("           : %-*s payload   (%s)" % (
             maxsize, name, payload_key))
 
-        signed_apex = SignApex(
+        signed_apex = apex_utils.SignApex(
             data,
             payload_key,
             container_key,
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/test_merge_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/test_merge_target_files.py
index 7e18a34..1e29fde 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/test_merge_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/test_merge_target_files.py
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 from merge_target_files import (read_config_list, validate_config_lists,
                                 default_system_item_list,
                                 default_other_item_list,
-                                default_system_misc_info_keys, copy_items)
+                                default_system_misc_info_keys, copy_items,
+                                merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts,
+                                process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common)
 
 
 class MergeTargetFilesTest(test_utils.ReleaseToolsTestCase):
@@ -128,3 +130,86 @@
       self.assertFalse(
           validate_config_lists(default_system_item_list, system_misc_info_keys,
                                 default_other_item_list))
+
+  def test_merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts_ReturnsMergedDict(self):
+    system_dict = {
+        'super_partition_groups': 'group_a',
+        'dynamic_partition_list': 'system',
+        'super_group_a_list': 'system',
+    }
+    other_dict = {
+        'super_partition_groups': 'group_a group_b',
+        'dynamic_partition_list': 'vendor product',
+        'super_group_a_list': 'vendor',
+        'super_group_a_size': '1000',
+        'super_group_b_list': 'product',
+        'super_group_b_size': '2000',
+    }
+    merged_dict = merge_dynamic_partition_info_dicts(
+        system_dict=system_dict,
+        other_dict=other_dict,
+        size_prefix='super_',
+        size_suffix='_size',
+        list_prefix='super_',
+        list_suffix='_list')
+    expected_merged_dict = {
+        'super_partition_groups': 'group_a group_b',
+        'dynamic_partition_list': 'system vendor product',
+        'super_group_a_list': 'system vendor',
+        'super_group_a_size': '1000',
+        'super_group_b_list': 'product',
+        'super_group_b_size': '2000',
+    }
+    self.assertEqual(merged_dict, expected_merged_dict)
+
+  def test_process_apex_keys_apk_certs_ReturnsTrueIfNoConflicts(self):
+    output_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(output_dir, 'META'))
+
+    system_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(system_dir, 'META'))
+    os.symlink(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'apexkeys_system.txt'),
+        os.path.join(system_dir, 'META', 'apexkeys.txt'))
+
+    other_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(other_dir, 'META'))
+    os.symlink(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'apexkeys_other.txt'),
+        os.path.join(other_dir, 'META', 'apexkeys.txt'))
+
+    process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common(system_dir, other_dir, output_dir,
+                                       'apexkeys.txt')
+
+    merged_entries = []
+    merged_path = os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'apexkeys_merge.txt')
+
+    with open(merged_path) as f:
+      merged_entries = f.read().split('\n')
+
+    output_entries = []
+    output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, 'META', 'apexkeys.txt')
+
+    with open(output_path) as f:
+      output_entries = f.read().split('\n')
+
+    return self.assertEqual(merged_entries, output_entries)
+
+  def test_process_apex_keys_apk_certs_ReturnsFalseIfConflictsPresent(self):
+    output_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(output_dir, 'META'))
+
+    system_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(system_dir, 'META'))
+    os.symlink(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'apexkeys_system.txt'),
+        os.path.join(system_dir, 'META', 'apexkeys.txt'))
+
+    conflict_dir = common.MakeTempDir()
+    os.makedirs(os.path.join(conflict_dir, 'META'))
+    os.symlink(
+        os.path.join(self.testdata_dir, 'apexkeys_system_conflict.txt'),
+        os.path.join(conflict_dir, 'META', 'apexkeys.txt'))
+
+    self.assertRaises(ValueError, process_apex_keys_apk_certs_common,
+                      system_dir, conflict_dir, output_dir, 'apexkeys.txt')
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_merge.txt b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_merge.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48e789f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_merge.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+name="com.android.conscrypt.apex" public_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.avbpubkey" private_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.pem" container_certificate="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.x509.pem" container_private_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.pk8"
+name="com.android.runtime.debug.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.pk8"
+name="com.android.runtime.release.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.release.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.release.pk8"
+name="com.android.support.apexer.apex" public_key="system/apex/apexer/etc/com.android.support.apexer.avbpubkey" private_key="system/apex/apexer/etc/com.android.support.apexer.pem" container_certificate="build/target/product/security/testkey.x509.pem" container_private_key="build/target/product/security/testkey.pk8"
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_other.txt b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_other.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b751227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_other.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+name="com.android.runtime.release.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.release.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.release.pk8"
+name="com.android.support.apexer.apex" public_key="system/apex/apexer/etc/com.android.support.apexer.avbpubkey" private_key="system/apex/apexer/etc/com.android.support.apexer.pem" container_certificate="build/target/product/security/testkey.x509.pem" container_private_key="build/target/product/security/testkey.pk8"
+name="com.android.runtime.debug.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.pk8"
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system.txt b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2346668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+name="com.android.runtime.debug.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.pk8"
+name="com.android.conscrypt.apex" public_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.avbpubkey" private_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.pem" container_certificate="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.x509.pem" container_private_key="external/conscrypt/apex/com.android.conscrypt.pk8"
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system_conflict.txt b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system_conflict.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caa21c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/releasetools/testdata/apexkeys_system_conflict.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+name="com.android.runtime.debug.apex" public_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.avbpubkey" private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.pem" container_certificate="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.release.x509.pem" container_private_key="art/build/apex/com.android.runtime.debug.pk8"