diff --git a/tools/adbs b/tools/adbs
index a8f06c0..9bd5160 100755
--- a/tools/adbs
+++ b/tools/adbs
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import os.path
 import re
diff --git a/tools/check_radio_versions.py b/tools/check_radio_versions.py
index ebe621f..2617424 100755
--- a/tools/check_radio_versions.py
+++ b/tools/check_radio_versions.py
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
-import os
 
 try:
   from hashlib import sha1
@@ -52,8 +53,9 @@
   try:
     f = open(fn + ".sha1")
   except IOError:
-    if not bad: print
-    print "*** Error opening \"%s.sha1\"; can't verify %s" % (fn, key)
+    if not bad:
+      print()
+    print("*** Error opening \"%s.sha1\"; can't verify %s" % (fn, key))
     bad = True
     continue
   for line in f:
@@ -63,17 +65,19 @@
     versions[h] = v
 
   if digest not in versions:
-    if not bad: print
-    print "*** SHA-1 hash of \"%s\" doesn't appear in \"%s.sha1\"" % (fn, fn)
+    if not bad:
+      print()
+    print("*** SHA-1 hash of \"%s\" doesn't appear in \"%s.sha1\"" % (fn, fn))
     bad = True
     continue
 
   if versions[digest] not in values:
-    if not bad: print
-    print "*** \"%s\" is version %s; not any %s allowed by \"%s\"." % (
-        fn, versions[digest], key, sys.argv[1])
+    if not bad:
+      print()
+    print("*** \"%s\" is version %s; not any %s allowed by \"%s\"." % (
+        fn, versions[digest], key, sys.argv[1]))
     bad = True
 
 if bad:
-  print
+  print()
   sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/compare_fileslist.py b/tools/compare_fileslist.py
index 148d740..64ad3ae 100755
--- a/tools/compare_fileslist.py
+++ b/tools/compare_fileslist.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import cgi, os, string, sys
+import cgi, os, sys
 
 
 def iteritems(obj):
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@
   data = {}
   index = 0
   for input in inputs:
-    f = file(input, "r")
+    f = open(input)
     lines = f.readlines()
     f.close()
-    lines = map(string.split, lines)
+    lines = [l.strip() for l in lines]
     lines = [(x_y[1],int(x_y[0])) for x_y in lines]
     for fn,sz in lines:
       if fn not in data:
diff --git a/tools/diff_package_overlays.py b/tools/diff_package_overlays.py
index 0e2c773..687e1d0 100755
--- a/tools/diff_package_overlays.py
+++ b/tools/diff_package_overlays.py
@@ -34,11 +34,13 @@
   ...
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 def main(argv):
   if len(argv) != 4:
-    print >> sys.stderr, __doc__
+    print(sys.stderr, __doc__)
     sys.exit(1)
 
   f = open(argv[1])
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@
 
   # Print out the package names that have overlay change.
   for r in result:
-    print r
+    print(r)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   main(sys.argv)
diff --git a/tools/event_log_tags.py b/tools/event_log_tags.py
index 645839e..93244a4 100644
--- a/tools/event_log_tags.py
+++ b/tools/event_log_tags.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 """A module for reading and parsing event-log-tags files."""
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import re
 import sys
 
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@
     if file_object is None:
       try:
         file_object = open(filename, "rb")
-      except (IOError, OSError), e:
+      except (IOError, OSError) as e:
         self.AddError(str(e))
         return
 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@
 
         self.tags.append(Tag(tag, tagname, description,
                              self.filename, self.linenum))
-    except (IOError, OSError), e:
+    except (IOError, OSError) as e:
       self.AddError(str(e))
 
 
@@ -130,6 +132,6 @@
       out = open(output_file, "wb")
     out.write(data)
     out.close()
-  except (IOError, OSError), e:
-    print >> sys.stderr, "failed to write %s: %s" % (output_file, e)
+  except (IOError, OSError) as e:
+    print("failed to write %s: %s" % (output_file, e), file=sys.stderr)
     sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/fileslist.py b/tools/fileslist.py
index 1442bd3..1538a30 100755
--- a/tools/fileslist.py
+++ b/tools/fileslist.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 def get_file_size(path):
   st = os.lstat(path)
-  return st.st_size;
+  return st.st_size
 
 def main(argv):
   output = []
diff --git a/tools/findleaves.py b/tools/findleaves.py
index 3a9e508..d97ed74 100755
--- a/tools/findleaves.py
+++ b/tools/findleaves.py
@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@
 # the search in a given subdirectory when the file is found.
 #
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import sys
 
 def perform_find(mindepth, prune, dirlist, filename):
   result = []
-  pruneleaves = set(map(lambda x: os.path.split(x)[1], prune))
+  pruneleaves = set([os.path.split(x)[1] for x in prune])
   for rootdir in dirlist:
     rootdepth = rootdir.count("/")
     for root, dirs, files in os.walk(rootdir, followlinks=True):
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@
   results = list(set(perform_find(mindepth, prune, dirlist, filename)))
   results.sort()
   for r in results:
-    print r
+    print(r)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   main(sys.argv)
diff --git a/tools/generate-notice-files.py b/tools/generate-notice-files.py
index 4571b70..36630db 100755
--- a/tools/generate-notice-files.py
+++ b/tools/generate-notice-files.py
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 
 -h to display this usage message and exit.
 """
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 from collections import defaultdict
 import getopt
 import hashlib
@@ -40,22 +43,22 @@
 
 try:
   opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "h")
-except getopt.GetoptError, err:
-    print str(err)
-    print __doc__
+except getopt.GetoptError as err:
+    print(str(err))
+    print(__doc__)
     sys.exit(2)
 
 for o, a in opts:
   if o == "-h":
-    print __doc__
+    print(__doc__)
     sys.exit(2)
   else:
-    print >> sys.stderr, "unhandled option %s" % (o,)
+    print("unhandled option %s" % o)
 
 if len(args) != 4:
-    print """need exactly four arguments, the two output files, the file title
-             and the directory containing notices, not %d""" % (len(args),)
-    print __doc__
+    print("""need exactly four arguments, the two output files, the file title
+             and the directory containing notices, not %d""" % len(args))
+    print(__doc__)
     sys.exit(1)
 
 def hexify(s):
@@ -107,13 +110,13 @@
     # Open the output file, and output the header pieces
     output_file = open(output_filename, "wb")
 
-    print >> output_file, "<html><head>"
-    print >> output_file, HTML_OUTPUT_CSS
-    print >> output_file, '</head><body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" bottommargin="0">'
+    print(output_file, "<html><head>", file=output_file)
+    print(HTML_OUTPUT_CSS, file=output_file)
+    print('</head><body topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" bottommargin="0">', file=output_file)
 
     # Output our table of contents
-    print >> output_file, '<div class="toc">'
-    print >> output_file, "<ul>"
+    print('<div class="toc">', file=output_file)
+    print("<ul>", file=output_file)
 
     # Flatten the list of lists into a single list of filenames
     sorted_filenames = sorted(itertools.chain.from_iterable(file_hash.values()))
@@ -121,31 +124,31 @@
     # Print out a nice table of contents
     for filename in sorted_filenames:
         stripped_filename = SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE.sub(r"\1", filename)
-        print >> output_file, '<li><a href="#id%d">%s</a></li>' % (id_table.get(filename), stripped_filename)
+        print('<li><a href="#id%d">%s</a></li>' % (id_table.get(filename), stripped_filename), file=output_file)
 
-    print >> output_file, "</ul>"
-    print >> output_file, "</div><!-- table of contents -->"
+    print("</ul>", file=output_file)
+    print("</div><!-- table of contents -->", file=output_file)
     # Output the individual notice file lists
-    print >>output_file, '<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">'
+    print('<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">', file=output_file)
     for value in file_hash.values():
-        print >> output_file, '<tr id="id%d"><td class="same-license">' % id_table.get(value[0])
-        print >> output_file, '<div class="label">Notices for file(s):</div>'
-        print >> output_file, '<div class="file-list">'
+        print('<tr id="id%d"><td class="same-license">' % id_table.get(value[0]), file=output_file)
+        print('<div class="label">Notices for file(s):</div>', file=output_file)
+        print('<div class="file-list">', file=output_file)
         for filename in sorted(value):
-            print >> output_file, "%s <br/>" % (SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE.sub(r"\1", filename))
-        print >> output_file, "</div><!-- file-list -->"
-        print >> output_file
-        print >> output_file, '<pre class="license-text">'
-        print >> output_file, html_escape(open(value[0]).read())
-        print >> output_file, "</pre><!-- license-text -->"
-        print >> output_file, "</td></tr><!-- same-license -->"
-        print >> output_file
-        print >> output_file
-        print >> output_file
+            print("%s <br/>" % (SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE.sub(r"\1", filename)), file=output_file)
+        print("</div><!-- file-list -->", file=output_file)
+        print(file=output_file)
+        print('<pre class="license-text">', file=output_file)
+        print(html_escape(open(value[0]).read()), file=output_file)
+        print("</pre><!-- license-text -->", file=output_file)
+        print("</td></tr><!-- same-license -->", file=output_file)
+        print(file=output_file)
+        print(file=output_file)
+        print(file=output_file)
 
     # Finish off the file output
-    print >> output_file, "</table>"
-    print >> output_file, "</body></html>"
+    print( "</table>", file=output_file)
+    print("</body></html>", file=output_file)
     output_file.close()
 
 def combine_notice_files_text(file_hash, input_dir, output_filename, file_title):
@@ -153,14 +156,14 @@
 
     SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE = re.compile(input_dir + "(/.*).txt")
     output_file = open(output_filename, "wb")
-    print >> output_file, file_title
+    print(file_title, file=output_file)
     for value in file_hash.values():
-      print >> output_file, "============================================================"
-      print >> output_file, "Notices for file(s):"
+      print("============================================================", file=output_file)
+      print("Notices for file(s):", file=output_file)
       for filename in sorted(value):
-        print >> output_file, SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE.sub(r"\1", filename)
-      print >> output_file, "------------------------------------------------------------"
-      print >> output_file, open(value[0]).read()
+        print(SRC_DIR_STRIP_RE.sub(r"\1", filename), file=output_file)
+      print("------------------------------------------------------------", file=output_file)
+      print(open(value[0]).read(), file=output_file)
     output_file.close()
 
 def main(args):
@@ -179,9 +182,9 @@
                 files_with_same_hash[file_md5sum].append(filename)
 
 
-    print "Combining NOTICE files into HTML"
+    print("Combining NOTICE files into HTML")
     combine_notice_files_html(files_with_same_hash, input_dir, html_output_file)
-    print "Combining NOTICE files into text"
+    print("Combining NOTICE files into text")
     combine_notice_files_text(files_with_same_hash, input_dir, txt_output_file, file_title)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/tools/getb64key.py b/tools/getb64key.py
index a0cd1c3..976a157 100755
--- a/tools/getb64key.py
+++ b/tools/getb64key.py
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import base64
 import sys
-import os
 
 pkFile = open(sys.argv[1], 'rb').readlines()
 base64Key = ""
 inCert = False
 for line in pkFile:
-    if line.startswith("-"):
+    if line.startswith(b"-"):
         inCert = not inCert
         continue
 
     base64Key += line.strip()
 
-print base64.b16encode(base64.b64decode(base64Key)).lower()
+print(base64.b16encode(base64.b64decode(base64Key)).lower())
diff --git a/tools/java-event-log-tags.py b/tools/java-event-log-tags.py
index 6ac69bd..24bad3c 100755
--- a/tools/java-event-log-tags.py
+++ b/tools/java-event-log-tags.py
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
   buffer.write("\n  }\n")
 
 
-buffer.write("}\n");
+buffer.write("}\n")
 
 output_dir = os.path.dirname(output_file)
 if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
diff --git a/tools/java-layers.py b/tools/java-layers.py
index d7c0c8e..3b9d802 100755
--- a/tools/java-layers.py
+++ b/tools/java-layers.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 
 def parse_dependency_file(filename):
   global err
-  f = file(filename)
+  f = open(filename)
   lines = f.readlines()
   f.close()
   def lineno(s, i):
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
   result = []
   for d in srcs:
     if d[0] == '@':
-      f = file(d[1:])
+      f = open(d[1:])
       result.extend([fn for fn in [s.strip() for s in f.readlines()]
           if len(fn) != 0])
       f.close()
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 def examine_java_file(deps, filename):
   global err
   # Yes, this is a crappy java parser.  Write a better one if you want to.
-  f = file(filename)
+  f = open(filename)
   text = f.read()
   f.close()
   text = COMMENTS.sub("", text)
diff --git a/tools/merge-event-log-tags.py b/tools/merge-event-log-tags.py
index 65580f6..7790048 100755
--- a/tools/merge-event-log-tags.py
+++ b/tools/merge-event-log-tags.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 import event_log_tags
 
 
-def itermitems(obj):
+def iteritems(obj):
   if hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
     return obj.iteritems()
   return obj.items()
diff --git a/tools/parsedeps.py b/tools/parsedeps.py
index 9a4fc8e..d36442b 100755
--- a/tools/parsedeps.py
+++ b/tools/parsedeps.py
@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 import optparse
-import re
 import sys
 
+try:
+  raw_input
+except NameError:
+  raw_input = input
+
 
 class Dependency:
   def __init__(self, tgt):
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@
     t.pos = pos
 
   def get(self, tgt):
-    if self.lines.has_key(tgt):
+    if tgt in self.lines:
       return self.lines[tgt]
     else:
       return None
diff --git a/tools/post_process_props.py b/tools/post_process_props.py
index 6bb68c7..64af01d 100755
--- a/tools/post_process_props.py
+++ b/tools/post_process_props.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import os, sys
+import sys
 
 
 def iteritems(obj):
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
   # default to "adb". That might not the right policy there, but it's better
   # to be explicit.
   if not prop.get("persist.sys.usb.config"):
-    prop.put("persist.sys.usb.config", "none");
+    prop.put("persist.sys.usb.config", "none")
 
 def validate(prop):
   """Validate the properties.
diff --git a/tools/product_debug.py b/tools/product_debug.py
index 891587f..1433a9a 100755
--- a/tools/product_debug.py
+++ b/tools/product_debug.py
@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import os
+from operator import itemgetter
 import re
 import sys
 
 
 def iteritems(obj):
-  if hasattr('iteritems'):
+  if hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
     return obj.iteritems()
   return obj.items()
 
 
 def break_lines(key, val):
   # these don't get split
-  if key in ("PRODUCT_MODEL"):
+  if key in ("PRODUCT_MODEL",):
     return (key,val)
   return (key, "\n".join(val.split()))
 
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@
 def render_variables(variables):
   variables = dict(variables)
   del variables["FILE"]
-  variables = list(variables.items())
-  variables.sort(lambda a, b: cmp(a[0], b[0]))
+  variables = sorted(variables.items(), key=itemgetter(0))
   return ("<table id='variables'>"
       + "\n".join([ "<tr><th>%(key)s</th><td>%(val)s</td></tr>" % { "key": key, "val": val }
         for key,val in variables])
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@
   return text
 
 def read_file(fn):
-  f = file(fn)
+  f = open(fn)
   text = f.read()
   f.close()
   return text
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
index b7ec726..899d265 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/add_img_to_target_files.py
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 Usage:  add_img_to_target_files target_files
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import datetime
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, prefix, "system.img")
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "system.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % (prefix,)
+    print("system.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % prefix)
     return
 
   def output_sink(fn, data):
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@
     ofile.close()
 
   if OPTIONS.rebuild_recovery:
-    print "Building new recovery patch"
+    print("Building new recovery patch")
     common.MakeRecoveryPatch(OPTIONS.input_tmp, output_sink, recovery_img,
                              boot_img, info_dict=OPTIONS.info_dict)
 
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, prefix, "vendor.img")
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "vendor.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % (prefix,)
+    print("vendor.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % prefix)
     return
 
   block_list = common.MakeTempFile(prefix="vendor-blocklist-", suffix=".map")
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@
 
 
 def CreateImage(input_dir, info_dict, what, block_list=None):
-  print "creating " + what + ".img..."
+  print("creating " + what + ".img...")
 
   img = common.MakeTempFile(prefix=what + "-", suffix=".img")
 
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, prefix, "userdata.img")
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "userdata.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % (prefix,)
+    print("userdata.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % prefix)
     return
 
   image_props = build_image.ImagePropFromGlobalDict(OPTIONS.info_dict,
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@
       not image_props.get("partition_size")):
     return
 
-  print "creating userdata.img..."
+  print("creating userdata.img...")
 
   # Use a fixed timestamp (01/01/2009) when packaging the image.
   # Bug: 24377993
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@
       not image_props.get("partition_size")):
     return
 
-  print "creating userdata_%s.img..." % extra_name
+  print("creating userdata_%s.img..." % extra_name)
 
   # The name of the directory it is making an image out of matters to
   # mkyaffs2image.  So we create a temp dir, and within it we create an
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, prefix, "cache.img")
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "cache.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % (prefix,)
+    print("cache.img already exists in %s, no need to rebuild..." % prefix)
     return
 
   image_props = build_image.ImagePropFromGlobalDict(OPTIONS.info_dict,
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@
   if "fs_type" not in image_props:
     return
 
-  print "creating cache.img..."
+  print("creating cache.img...")
 
   # Use a fixed timestamp (01/01/2009) when packaging the image.
   # Bug: 24377993
@@ -303,7 +305,7 @@
   if not OPTIONS.add_missing:
     for n in input_zip.namelist():
       if n.startswith("IMAGES/"):
-        print "target_files appears to already contain images."
+        print("target_files appears to already contain images.")
         sys.exit(1)
 
   try:
@@ -322,13 +324,13 @@
                                compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
 
   def banner(s):
-    print "\n\n++++ " + s + " ++++\n\n"
+    print("\n\n++++ " + s + " ++++\n\n")
 
   banner("boot")
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "IMAGES", "boot.img")
   boot_image = None
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "boot.img already exists in IMAGES/, no need to rebuild..."
+    print("boot.img already exists in IMAGES/, no need to rebuild...")
     if OPTIONS.rebuild_recovery:
       boot_image = common.GetBootableImage(
           "IMAGES/boot.img", "boot.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "BOOT")
@@ -342,7 +344,7 @@
   recovery_image = None
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "IMAGES", "recovery.img")
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "recovery.img already exists in IMAGES/, no need to rebuild..."
+    print("recovery.img already exists in IMAGES/, no need to rebuild...")
     if OPTIONS.rebuild_recovery:
       recovery_image = common.GetBootableImage(
           "IMAGES/recovery.img", "recovery.img", OPTIONS.input_tmp, "RECOVERY")
@@ -396,16 +398,16 @@
     sys.exit(1)
 
   AddImagesToTargetFiles(args[0])
-  print "done."
+  print("done.")
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   try:
     common.CloseInheritedPipes()
     main(sys.argv[1:])
   except common.ExternalError as e:
-    print
-    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
-    print
+    print()
+    print("   ERROR: %s" % e)
+    print()
     sys.exit(1)
   finally:
     common.Cleanup()
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/blockimgdiff.py b/tools/releasetools/blockimgdiff.py
index a6c6bd8..bb2f16d 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/blockimgdiff.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/blockimgdiff.py
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@
             src_str.append("%s:%s" % (sh, sr.to_string_raw()))
             stashes[sh] -= 1
             if stashes[sh] == 0:
-              free_string.append("free %s\n" % (sh))
+              free_string.append("free %s\n" % sh)
               stashes.pop(sh)
           heapq.heappush(free_stash_ids, sid)
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/build_image.py b/tools/releasetools/build_image.py
index b83379c..efaf7eb 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/build_image.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/build_image.py
@@ -20,16 +20,23 @@
 Usage:  build_image input_directory properties_file output_image_file
 
 """
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import os.path
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import commands
 import common
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 
+try:
+  from commands import getstatusoutput
+except ImportError:
+  from subprocess import getstatusoutput
+
 OPTIONS = common.OPTIONS
 
 FIXED_SALT = "aee087a5be3b982978c923f566a94613496b417f2af592639bc80d141e34dfe7"
@@ -42,18 +49,18 @@
   Returns:
     A tuple of the output and the exit code.
   """
-  print "Running: ", " ".join(cmd)
+  print("Running: %s" % " ".join(cmd))
   p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
   output, _ = p.communicate()
-  print "%s" % (output.rstrip(),)
+  print("%s" % output.rstrip())
   return (output, p.returncode)
 
 def GetVerityTreeSize(partition_size):
   cmd = "build_verity_tree -s %d"
   cmd %= partition_size
-  status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
+  status, output = getstatusoutput(cmd)
   if status:
-    print output
+    print(output)
     return False, 0
   return True, int(output)
 
@@ -61,9 +68,9 @@
   cmd = "system/extras/verity/build_verity_metadata.py -s %d"
   cmd %= partition_size
 
-  status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
+  status, output = getstatusoutput(cmd)
   if status:
-    print output
+    print(output)
     return False, 0
   return True, int(output)
 
@@ -87,10 +94,10 @@
 def BuildVerityTree(sparse_image_path, verity_image_path, prop_dict):
   cmd = "build_verity_tree -A %s %s %s" % (
       FIXED_SALT, sparse_image_path, verity_image_path)
-  print cmd
-  status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
+  print(cmd)
+  status, output = getstatusoutput(cmd)
   if status:
-    print "Could not build verity tree! Error: %s" % output
+    print("Could not build verity tree! Error: %s" % output)
     return False
   root, salt = output.split()
   prop_dict["verity_root_hash"] = root
@@ -103,10 +110,10 @@
       "system/extras/verity/build_verity_metadata.py %s %s %s %s %s %s %s")
   cmd = cmd_template % (image_size, verity_metadata_path, root_hash, salt,
                         block_device, signer_path, key)
-  print cmd
-  status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
+  print(cmd)
+  status, output = getstatusoutput(cmd)
   if status:
-    print "Could not build verity metadata! Error: %s" % output
+    print("Could not build verity metadata! Error: %s" % output)
     return False
   return True
 
@@ -121,10 +128,10 @@
   """
   cmd = "append2simg %s %s"
   cmd %= (sparse_image_path, unsparse_image_path)
-  print cmd
-  status, output = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
+  print(cmd)
+  status, output = getstatusoutput(cmd)
   if status:
-    print "%s: %s" % (error_message, output)
+    print("%s: %s" % (error_message, output))
     return False
   return True
 
@@ -348,7 +355,7 @@
     ext4fs_stats = re.compile(
         r'Created filesystem with .* (?P<used_blocks>[0-9]+)/'
         r'(?P<total_blocks>[0-9]+) blocks')
-    m = ext4fs_stats.match(ext4fs_output.strip().split('\n')[-1])
+    m = ext4fs_stats.match(ext4fs_output.strip().split(b'\n')[-1])
     used_blocks = int(m.groupdict().get('used_blocks'))
     total_blocks = int(m.groupdict().get('total_blocks'))
     reserved_blocks = min(4096, int(total_blocks * 0.02))
@@ -371,7 +378,7 @@
       return False
     if verity_supported and is_verity_partition:
       if 2 * image_size - AdjustPartitionSizeForVerity(image_size) > partition_size:
-        print "Error: No more room on %s to fit verity data" % mount_point
+        print("Error: No more room on %s to fit verity data" % mount_point)
         return False
     prop_dict["original_partition_size"] = prop_dict["partition_size"]
     prop_dict["partition_size"] = str(image_size)
@@ -483,7 +490,7 @@
 
 def main(argv):
   if len(argv) != 4:
-    print __doc__
+    print(__doc__)
     sys.exit(1)
 
   in_dir = argv[0]
@@ -510,14 +517,14 @@
     elif image_filename == "oem.img":
       mount_point = "oem"
     else:
-      print >> sys.stderr, "error: unknown image file name ", image_filename
+      print("error: unknown image file name ", image_filename, file=sys.stderr)
       exit(1)
 
     image_properties = ImagePropFromGlobalDict(glob_dict, mount_point)
 
   if not BuildImage(in_dir, image_properties, out_file, target_out):
-    print >> sys.stderr, "error: failed to build %s from %s" % (out_file,
-                                                                in_dir)
+    print("error: failed to build %s from %s" % (out_file, in_dir),
+          file=sys.stderr)
     exit(1)
 
 
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/check_target_files_signatures.py b/tools/releasetools/check_target_files_signatures.py
index 5c541ab..df3be2f 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/check_target_files_signatures.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/check_target_files_signatures.py
@@ -39,10 +39,12 @@
 
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import os
@@ -53,6 +55,13 @@
 
 import common
 
+
+def iteritems(obj):
+  if hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
+    return obj.iteritems()
+  return obj.items()
+
+
 # Work around a bug in python's zipfile module that prevents opening
 # of zipfiles if any entry has an extra field of between 1 and 3 bytes
 # (which is common with zipaligned APKs).  This overrides the
@@ -81,9 +90,9 @@
 
 
 def Banner(msg):
-  print "-" * 70
-  print "  ", msg
-  print "-" * 70
+  print("-" * 70)
+  print("  ", msg)
+  print("-" * 70)
 
 
 def GetCertSubject(cert):
@@ -260,7 +269,7 @@
     """Look for any instances where packages signed with different
     certs request the same sharedUserId."""
     apks_by_uid = {}
-    for apk in self.apks.itervalues():
+    for apk in self.apks.values():
       if apk.shared_uid:
         apks_by_uid.setdefault(apk.shared_uid, []).append(apk)
 
@@ -275,15 +284,15 @@
 
       AddProblem("different cert sets for packages with uid %s" % (uid,))
 
-      print "uid %s is shared by packages with different cert sets:" % (uid,)
+      print("uid %s is shared by packages with different cert sets:" % uid)
       for apk in apks:
-        print "%-*s  [%s]" % (self.max_pkg_len, apk.package, apk.filename)
+        print("%-*s  [%s]" % (self.max_pkg_len, apk.package, apk.filename))
         for cert in apk.certs:
-          print "   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(cert)
-      print
+          print("   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(cert))
+      print()
 
   def CheckExternalSignatures(self):
-    for apk_filename, certname in self.certmap.iteritems():
+    for apk_filename, certname in iteritems(self.certmap):
       if certname == "EXTERNAL":
         # Apps marked EXTERNAL should be signed with the test key
         # during development, then manually re-signed after
@@ -299,26 +308,26 @@
   def PrintCerts(self):
     """Display a table of packages grouped by cert."""
     by_cert = {}
-    for apk in self.apks.itervalues():
+    for apk in self.apks.values():
       for cert in apk.certs:
         by_cert.setdefault(cert, []).append((apk.package, apk))
 
-    order = [(-len(v), k) for (k, v) in by_cert.iteritems()]
+    order = [(-len(v), k) for (k, v) in iteritems(by_cert)]
     order.sort()
 
     for _, cert in order:
-      print "%s:" % (ALL_CERTS.Get(cert),)
+      print("%s:" % ALL_CERTS.Get(cert))
       apks = by_cert[cert]
       apks.sort()
       for _, apk in apks:
         if apk.shared_uid:
-          print "  %-*s  %-*s  [%s]" % (self.max_fn_len, apk.filename,
+          print("  %-*s  %-*s  [%s]" % (self.max_fn_len, apk.filename,
                                         self.max_pkg_len, apk.package,
-                                        apk.shared_uid)
+                                        apk.shared_uid))
         else:
-          print "  %-*s  %-*s" % (self.max_fn_len, apk.filename,
-                                  self.max_pkg_len, apk.package)
-      print
+          print("  %-*s  %-*s" % (self.max_fn_len, apk.filename,
+                                  self.max_pkg_len, apk.package))
+      print()
 
   def CompareWith(self, other):
     """Look for instances where a given package that exists in both
@@ -339,12 +348,12 @@
             by_certpair.setdefault((other.apks[i].certs,
                                     self.apks[i].certs), []).append(i)
         else:
-          print "%s [%s]: new APK (not in comparison target_files)" % (
-              i, self.apks[i].filename)
+          print("%s [%s]: new APK (not in comparison target_files)" % (
+              i, self.apks[i].filename))
       else:
         if i in other.apks:
-          print "%s [%s]: removed APK (only in comparison target_files)" % (
-              i, other.apks[i].filename)
+          print("%s [%s]: removed APK (only in comparison target_files)" % (
+              i, other.apks[i].filename))
 
     if by_certpair:
       AddProblem("some APKs changed certs")
@@ -352,23 +361,23 @@
       for (old, new), packages in sorted(by_certpair.items()):
         for i, o in enumerate(old):
           if i == 0:
-            print "was", ALL_CERTS.Get(o)
+            print("was", ALL_CERTS.Get(o))
           else:
-            print "   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(o)
+            print("   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(o))
         for i, n in enumerate(new):
           if i == 0:
-            print "now", ALL_CERTS.Get(n)
+            print("now", ALL_CERTS.Get(n))
           else:
-            print "   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(n)
+            print("   ", ALL_CERTS.Get(n))
         for i in sorted(packages):
           old_fn = other.apks[i].filename
           new_fn = self.apks[i].filename
           if old_fn == new_fn:
-            print "  %-*s  [%s]" % (max_pkg_len, i, old_fn)
+            print("  %-*s  [%s]" % (max_pkg_len, i, old_fn))
           else:
-            print "  %-*s  [was: %s; now: %s]" % (max_pkg_len, i,
-                                                  old_fn, new_fn)
-        print
+            print("  %-*s  [was: %s; now: %s]" % (max_pkg_len, i,
+                                                  old_fn, new_fn))
+        print()
 
 
 def main(argv):
@@ -423,9 +432,9 @@
     target_files.CompareWith(compare_files)
 
   if PROBLEMS:
-    print "%d problem(s) found:\n" % (len(PROBLEMS),)
+    print("%d problem(s) found:\n" % len(PROBLEMS))
     for p in PROBLEMS:
-      print p
+      print(p)
     return 1
 
   return 0
@@ -436,7 +445,7 @@
     r = main(sys.argv[1:])
     sys.exit(r)
   except common.ExternalError as e:
-    print
-    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
-    print
+    print()
+    print("   ERROR: %s" % e)
+    print()
     sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/common.py b/tools/releasetools/common.py
index 47cf759..de2660a 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/common.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/common.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import copy
 import errno
 import getopt
@@ -34,6 +36,17 @@
 
 from hashlib import sha1 as sha1
 
+try:
+  raw_input
+except NameError:
+  raw_input = input
+
+
+def iteritems(obj):
+  if hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
+    return obj.iteritems()
+  return obj.items()
+
 
 class Options(object):
   def __init__(self):
@@ -83,7 +96,7 @@
   """Create and return a subprocess.Popen object, printing the command
   line on the terminal if -v was specified."""
   if OPTIONS.verbose:
-    print "  running: ", " ".join(args)
+    print("  running: ", " ".join(args))
   return subprocess.Popen(args, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -193,7 +206,7 @@
   try:
     data = read_helper("SYSTEM/build.prop")
   except KeyError:
-    print "Warning: could not find SYSTEM/build.prop in %s" % zip
+    print("Warning: could not find SYSTEM/build.prop in %s" % zip)
     data = ""
   return LoadDictionaryFromLines(data.split("\n"))
 
@@ -221,7 +234,7 @@
   try:
     data = read_helper("RECOVERY/RAMDISK/etc/recovery.fstab")
   except KeyError:
-    print "Warning: could not find RECOVERY/RAMDISK/etc/recovery.fstab"
+    print("Warning: could not find RECOVERY/RAMDISK/etc/recovery.fstab")
     data = ""
 
   if fstab_version == 1:
@@ -253,7 +266,7 @@
           if i.startswith("length="):
             length = int(i[7:])
           else:
-            print "%s: unknown option \"%s\"" % (mount_point, i)
+            print("%s: unknown option \"%s\"" % (mount_point, i))
 
       d[mount_point] = Partition(mount_point=mount_point, fs_type=pieces[1],
                                  device=pieces[2], length=length,
@@ -305,7 +318,7 @@
 
 def DumpInfoDict(d):
   for k, v in sorted(d.items()):
-    print "%-25s = (%s) %s" % (k, type(v).__name__, v)
+    print("%-25s = (%s) %s" % (k, type(v).__name__, v))
 
 
 def BuildBootableImage(sourcedir, fs_config_file, info_dict=None):
@@ -459,15 +472,15 @@
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(unpack_dir, "BOOTABLE_IMAGES", prebuilt_name)
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "using prebuilt %s from BOOTABLE_IMAGES..." % (prebuilt_name,)
+    print("using prebuilt %s from BOOTABLE_IMAGES..." % prebuilt_name)
     return File.FromLocalFile(name, prebuilt_path)
 
   prebuilt_path = os.path.join(unpack_dir, "IMAGES", prebuilt_name)
   if os.path.exists(prebuilt_path):
-    print "using prebuilt %s from IMAGES..." % (prebuilt_name,)
+    print("using prebuilt %s from IMAGES..." % prebuilt_name)
     return File.FromLocalFile(name, prebuilt_path)
 
-  print "building image from target_files %s..." % (tree_subdir,)
+  print("building image from target_files %s..." % tree_subdir)
   fs_config = "META/" + tree_subdir.lower() + "_filesystem_config.txt"
   data = BuildBootableImage(os.path.join(unpack_dir, tree_subdir),
                             os.path.join(unpack_dir, fs_config),
@@ -546,7 +559,7 @@
       if p.returncode == 0:
         # Encrypted key with empty string as password.
         key_passwords[k] = ''
-      elif stderr.startswith('Error decrypting key'):
+      elif stderr.startswith(b'Error decrypting key'):
         # Definitely encrypted key.
         # It would have said "Error reading key" if it didn't parse correctly.
         need_passwords.append(k)
@@ -641,11 +654,11 @@
   if pct >= 99.0:
     raise ExternalError(msg)
   elif pct >= 95.0:
-    print
-    print "  WARNING: ", msg
-    print
+    print()
+    print("  WARNING: ", msg)
+    print()
   elif OPTIONS.verbose:
-    print "  ", msg
+    print("  ", msg)
 
 
 def ReadApkCerts(tf_zip):
@@ -694,8 +707,8 @@
 """
 
 def Usage(docstring):
-  print docstring.rstrip("\n")
-  print COMMON_DOCSTRING
+  print(docstring.rstrip("\n"))
+  print(COMMON_DOCSTRING)
 
 
 def ParseOptions(argv,
@@ -719,7 +732,7 @@
         list(extra_long_opts))
   except getopt.GetoptError as err:
     Usage(docstring)
-    print "**", str(err), "**"
+    print("**", str(err), "**")
     sys.exit(2)
 
   for o, a in opts:
@@ -815,7 +828,7 @@
         current[i] = ""
 
       if not first:
-        print "key file %s still missing some passwords." % (self.pwfile,)
+        print("key file %s still missing some passwords." % self.pwfile)
         answer = raw_input("try to edit again? [y]> ").strip()
         if answer and answer[0] not in 'yY':
           raise RuntimeError("key passwords unavailable")
@@ -829,7 +842,7 @@
     values.
     """
     result = {}
-    for k, v in sorted(current.iteritems()):
+    for k, v in sorted(iteritems(current)):
       if v:
         result[k] = v
       else:
@@ -850,7 +863,7 @@
     f.write("# (Additional spaces are harmless.)\n\n")
 
     first_line = None
-    sorted_list = sorted([(not v, k, v) for (k, v) in current.iteritems()])
+    sorted_list = sorted((not v, k, v) for (k, v) in current.items())
     for i, (_, k, v) in enumerate(sorted_list):
       f.write("[[[  %s  ]]] %s\n" % (v, k))
       if not v and first_line is None:
@@ -875,13 +888,13 @@
           continue
         m = re.match(r"^\[\[\[\s*(.*?)\s*\]\]\]\s*(\S+)$", line)
         if not m:
-          print "failed to parse password file: ", line
+          print("failed to parse password file: ", line)
         else:
           result[m.group(2)] = m.group(1)
       f.close()
     except IOError as e:
       if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-        print "error reading password file: ", str(e)
+        print("error reading password file: ", str(e))
     return result
 
 
@@ -982,7 +995,7 @@
     """Keyword arguments to the constructor become attributes of this
     object, which is passed to all functions in the device-specific
     module."""
-    for k, v in kwargs.iteritems():
+    for k, v in iteritems(kwargs):
       setattr(self, k, v)
     self.extras = OPTIONS.extras
 
@@ -999,10 +1012,10 @@
           if x == ".py":
             f = b
           info = imp.find_module(f, [d])
-        print "loaded device-specific extensions from", path
+        print("loaded device-specific extensions from", path)
         self.module = imp.load_module("device_specific", *info)
       except ImportError:
-        print "unable to load device-specific module; assuming none"
+        print("unable to load device-specific module; assuming none")
 
   def _DoCall(self, function_name, *args, **kwargs):
     """Call the named function in the device-specific module, passing
@@ -1138,7 +1151,7 @@
       th.start()
       th.join(timeout=300)   # 5 mins
       if th.is_alive():
-        print "WARNING: diff command timed out"
+        print("WARNING: diff command timed out")
         p.terminate()
         th.join(5)
         if th.is_alive():
@@ -1146,8 +1159,8 @@
           th.join()
 
       if err or p.returncode != 0:
-        print "WARNING: failure running %s:\n%s\n" % (
-            diff_program, "".join(err))
+        print("WARNING: failure running %s:\n%s\n" % (
+            diff_program, "".join(err)))
         self.patch = None
         return None, None, None
       diff = ptemp.read()
@@ -1169,7 +1182,7 @@
 
 def ComputeDifferences(diffs):
   """Call ComputePatch on all the Difference objects in 'diffs'."""
-  print len(diffs), "diffs to compute"
+  print(len(diffs), "diffs to compute")
 
   # Do the largest files first, to try and reduce the long-pole effect.
   by_size = [(i.tf.size, i) for i in diffs]
@@ -1195,13 +1208,13 @@
         else:
           name = "%s (%s)" % (tf.name, sf.name)
         if patch is None:
-          print "patching failed!                                  %s" % (name,)
+          print("patching failed!                                  %s" % name)
         else:
-          print "%8.2f sec %8d / %8d bytes (%6.2f%%) %s" % (
-              dur, len(patch), tf.size, 100.0 * len(patch) / tf.size, name)
+          print("%8.2f sec %8d / %8d bytes (%6.2f%%) %s" % (
+              dur, len(patch), tf.size, 100.0 * len(patch) / tf.size, name))
       lock.release()
     except Exception as e:
-      print e
+      print(e)
       raise
 
   # start worker threads; wait for them all to finish.
@@ -1401,16 +1414,18 @@
 
 def ParseCertificate(data):
   """Parse a PEM-format certificate."""
+  from codecs import decode
   cert = []
   save = False
   for line in data.split("\n"):
     if "--END CERTIFICATE--" in line:
       break
     if save:
-      cert.append(line)
+      l = line.encode() if hasattr(line, 'encode') else line
+      cert.append(l)
     if "--BEGIN CERTIFICATE--" in line:
       save = True
-  cert = "".join(cert).decode('base64')
+  cert = decode(b"".join(cert), 'base64')
   return cert
 
 def MakeRecoveryPatch(input_dir, output_sink, recovery_img, boot_img,
@@ -1481,9 +1496,9 @@
         m = re.match(r"^service flash_recovery /system/(\S+)\s*$", line)
         if m:
           sh_location = m.group(1)
-          print "putting script in", sh_location
+          print("putting script in", sh_location)
           break
   except (OSError, IOError) as e:
-    print "failed to read init.rc: %s" % (e,)
+    print("failed to read init.rc: %s" % e)
 
   output_sink(sh_location, sh)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/edify_generator.py b/tools/releasetools/edify_generator.py
index e3425bf..80b8a44 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/edify_generator.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/edify_generator.py
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
            ", ".join(["%s" % (b,) for b in basebands]) +
            '; this device has baseband " + getprop("ro.baseband") + ".");' +
            ");")
-    self.script.append(self._WordWrap(cmd))
+    self.script.append(self.WordWrap(cmd))
 
   def RunBackup(self, command):
     self.script.append(('run_program("/tmp/install/bin/backuptool.sh", "%s");' % command))
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
     for d, l in symlink_list:
       by_dest.setdefault(d, []).append(l)
 
-    for dest, links in sorted(by_dest.iteritems()):
+    for dest, links in sorted(by_dest.items()):
       cmd = ('symlink("%s", ' % (dest,) +
              ",\0".join(['"' + i + '"' for i in sorted(links)]) + ");")
       self.script.append(self.WordWrap(cmd))
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
index 09fc64d..d486a7a 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/img_from_target_files.py
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@
 
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import errno
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@
     # If a filesmap file exists, create a script to flash the radio images based on it
     filesmap = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "RADIO/filesmap")
     if os.path.isfile(filesmap):
-      print "creating flash-radio.sh..."
+      print("creating flash-radio.sh...")
       filesmap_data = open(filesmap, "r")
       filesmap_regex = re.compile(r'^(\S+)\s\S+\/by-name\/(\S+).*')
       tmp_flash_radio = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@
       if os.path.getsize(tmp_flash_radio.name) > 0:
         output_zip.write(tmp_flash_radio.name, "flash-radio.sh")
       else:
-        print "flash-radio.sh is empty, skipping..."
+        print("flash-radio.sh is empty, skipping...")
       tmp_flash_radio.close()
 
 def main(argv):
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@
         recovery_image.AddToZip(output_zip)
 
       def banner(s):
-        print "\n\n++++ " + s + " ++++\n\n"
+        print("\n\n++++ " + s + " ++++\n\n")
 
       if not bootable_only:
         banner("AddSystem")
@@ -165,11 +167,11 @@
         add_img_to_target_files.AddCache(output_zip, prefix="")
 
   finally:
-    print "cleaning up..."
+    print("cleaning up...")
     common.ZipClose(output_zip)
     shutil.rmtree(OPTIONS.input_tmp)
 
-  print "done."
+  print("done.")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@
     common.CloseInheritedPipes()
     main(sys.argv[1:])
   except common.ExternalError as e:
-    print
-    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
-    print
+    print()
+    print("   ERROR: %s" % e)
+    print()
     sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/make_recovery_patch.py b/tools/releasetools/make_recovery_patch.py
index 08d1450..7c6007e 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/make_recovery_patch.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/make_recovery_patch.py
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import os
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
index 3e72ede..6e5124a 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files.py
@@ -106,10 +106,12 @@
 
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import multiprocessing
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@
 def MostPopularKey(d, default):
   """Given a dict, return the key corresponding to the largest
   value.  Returns 'default' if the dict is empty."""
-  x = [(v, k) for (k, v) in d.iteritems()]
+  x = list(d.items())
   if not x:
     return default
   x.sort()
@@ -269,14 +271,14 @@
 
   def Dump(self, indent=0):
     if self.uid is not None:
-      print "%s%s %d %d %o" % (
-          "  " * indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode)
+      print("%s%s %d %d %o" % (
+          "  " * indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode))
     else:
-      print "%s%s %s %s %s" % (
-          "  " * indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode)
+      print("%s%s %s %s %s" % (
+          "  " * indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode))
     if self.is_dir:
-      print "%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.descendants)
-      print "%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.best_subtree)
+      print("%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.descendants))
+      print("%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.best_subtree))
       for i in self.children:
         i.Dump(indent=indent+1)
 
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@
     d = self.descendants
     for i in self.children:
       if i.is_dir:
-        for k, v in i.CountChildMetadata().iteritems():
+        for k, v in i.CountChildMetadata().items():
           d[k] = d.get(k, 0) + v
       else:
         k = (i.uid, i.gid, None, i.mode, i.selabel, i.capabilities)
@@ -312,7 +314,7 @@
     # First, find the (uid, gid) pair that matches the most
     # descendants.
     ug = {}
-    for (uid, gid, _, _, _, _), count in d.iteritems():
+    for (uid, gid, _, _, _, _), count in d.items():
       ug[(uid, gid)] = ug.get((uid, gid), 0) + count
     ug = MostPopularKey(ug, (0, 0))
 
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@
     best_fmode = (0, 0o644)
     best_selabel = (0, None)
     best_capabilities = (0, None)
-    for k, count in d.iteritems():
+    for k, count in d.items():
       if k[:2] != ug:
         continue
       if k[2] is not None and count >= best_dmode[0]:
@@ -483,11 +485,11 @@
   path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "IMAGES", which + ".img")
   mappath = os.path.join(tmpdir, "IMAGES", which + ".map")
   if os.path.exists(path) and os.path.exists(mappath):
-    print "using %s.img from target-files" % (which,)
+    print("using %s.img from target-files" % which)
     # This is a 'new' target-files, which already has the image in it.
 
   else:
-    print "building %s.img from target-files" % (which,)
+    print("building %s.img from target-files" % which)
 
     # This is an 'old' target-files, which does not contain images
     # already built.  Build them.
@@ -620,8 +622,8 @@
 
   CopyInstallTools(output_zip)
   script.UnpackPackageDir("install", "/tmp/install")
-  script.SetPermissionsRecursive("/tmp/install", 0, 0, 0755, 0644, None, None)
-  script.SetPermissionsRecursive("/tmp/install/bin", 0, 0, 0755, 0755, None, None)
+  script.SetPermissionsRecursive("/tmp/install", 0, 0, 0o755, 0o644, None, None)
+  script.SetPermissionsRecursive("/tmp/install/bin", 0, 0, 0o755, 0o755, None, None)
 
   if OPTIONS.backuptool:
     script.Mount("/system")
@@ -759,7 +761,7 @@
 def WriteMetadata(metadata, output_zip):
   common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "META-INF/com/android/metadata",
                      "".join(["%s=%s\n" % kv
-                              for kv in sorted(metadata.iteritems())]))
+                              for kv in sorted(metadata.items())]))
 
 
 def LoadPartitionFiles(z, partition):
@@ -969,8 +971,8 @@
     else:
       include_full_boot = False
 
-      print "boot      target: %d  source: %d  diff: %d" % (
-          target_boot.size, source_boot.size, len(d))
+      print("boot      target: %d  source: %d  diff: %d" % (
+          target_boot.size, source_boot.size, len(d)))
 
       common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "patch/boot.img.p", d)
 
@@ -1006,19 +1008,19 @@
   if OPTIONS.two_step:
     common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "boot.img", target_boot.data)
     script.WriteRawImage("/boot", "boot.img")
-    print "writing full boot image (forced by two-step mode)"
+    print("writing full boot image (forced by two-step mode)")
 
   if not OPTIONS.two_step:
     if updating_boot:
       if include_full_boot:
-        print "boot image changed; including full."
+        print("boot image changed; including full.")
         script.Print("Installing boot image...")
         script.WriteRawImage("/boot", "boot.img")
       else:
         # Produce the boot image by applying a patch to the current
         # contents of the boot partition, and write it back to the
         # partition.
-        print "boot image changed; including patch."
+        print("boot image changed; including patch.")
         script.Print("Patching boot image...")
         script.ShowProgress(0.1, 10)
         script.ApplyPatch("%s:%s:%d:%s:%d:%s"
@@ -1029,7 +1031,7 @@
                           target_boot.size, target_boot.sha1,
                           source_boot.sha1, "patch/boot.img.p")
     else:
-      print "boot image unchanged; skipping."
+      print("boot image unchanged; skipping.")
 
   # Do device-specific installation (eg, write radio image).
   device_specific.IncrementalOTA_InstallEnd()
@@ -1056,9 +1058,9 @@
 class FileDifference(object):
   def __init__(self, partition, source_zip, target_zip, output_zip):
     self.deferred_patch_list = None
-    print "Loading target..."
+    print("Loading target...")
     self.target_data = target_data = LoadPartitionFiles(target_zip, partition)
-    print "Loading source..."
+    print("Loading source...")
     self.source_data = source_data = LoadPartitionFiles(source_zip, partition)
 
     self.verbatim_targets = verbatim_targets = []
@@ -1085,14 +1087,14 @@
       assert fn == tf.name
       sf = ClosestFileMatch(tf, matching_file_cache, renames)
       if sf is not None and sf.name != tf.name:
-        print "File has moved from " + sf.name + " to " + tf.name
+        print("File has moved from " + sf.name + " to " + tf.name)
         renames[sf.name] = tf
 
       if sf is None or fn in OPTIONS.require_verbatim:
         # This file should be included verbatim
         if fn in OPTIONS.prohibit_verbatim:
           raise common.ExternalError("\"%s\" must be sent verbatim" % (fn,))
-        print "send", fn, "verbatim"
+        print("send", fn, "verbatim")
         tf.AddToZip(output_zip)
         verbatim_targets.append((fn, tf.size, tf.sha1))
         if fn in target_data.keys():
@@ -1177,8 +1179,8 @@
   def EmitRenames(self, script):
     if len(self.renames) > 0:
       script.Print("Renaming files...")
-      for src, tgt in self.renames.iteritems():
-        print "Renaming " + src + " to " + tgt.name
+      for src, tgt in self.renames.items():
+        print("Renaming " + src + " to " + tgt.name)
         script.RenameFile(src, tgt.name)
 
 
@@ -1321,8 +1323,8 @@
 """ % bcb_dev)
 
   # Dump fingerprints
-  script.Print("Source: %s" % (source_fp,))
-  script.Print("Target: %s" % (target_fp,))
+  script.Print("Source: %s" % source_fp)
+  script.Print("Target: %s" % target_fp)
 
   script.Print("Verifying current system...")
 
@@ -1336,8 +1338,8 @@
   if updating_boot:
     d = common.Difference(target_boot, source_boot)
     _, _, d = d.ComputePatch()
-    print "boot      target: %d  source: %d  diff: %d" % (
-        target_boot.size, source_boot.size, len(d))
+    print("boot      target: %d  source: %d  diff: %d" % (
+        target_boot.size, source_boot.size, len(d)))
 
     common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "patch/boot.img.p", d)
 
@@ -1376,7 +1378,7 @@
   if OPTIONS.two_step:
     common.ZipWriteStr(output_zip, "boot.img", target_boot.data)
     script.WriteRawImage("/boot", "boot.img")
-    print "writing full boot image (forced by two-step mode)"
+    print("writing full boot image (forced by two-step mode)")
 
   script.Print("Removing unneeded files...")
   system_diff.RemoveUnneededFiles(script, ("/system/recovery.img",))
@@ -1411,9 +1413,9 @@
                         source_boot.sha1, "patch/boot.img.p")
       so_far += target_boot.size
       script.SetProgress(so_far / total_patch_size)
-      print "boot image changed; including."
+      print("boot image changed; including.")
     else:
-      print "boot image unchanged; skipping."
+      print("boot image unchanged; skipping.")
 
   system_items = ItemSet("system", "META/filesystem_config.txt")
   if vendor_diff:
@@ -1438,9 +1440,9 @@
                                target_recovery, target_boot)
       script.DeleteFiles(["/system/recovery-from-boot.p",
                           "/system/etc/install-recovery.sh"])
-    print "recovery image changed; including as patch from boot."
+    print("recovery image changed; including as patch from boot.")
   else:
-    print "recovery image unchanged; skipping."
+    print("recovery image unchanged; skipping.")
 
   script.ShowProgress(0.1, 10)
 
@@ -1610,7 +1612,7 @@
       OPTIONS.verify = True
     elif o == "--block":
       OPTIONS.block_based = True
-    elif o in ("-b", "--binary"):
+    elif o in ("-b", "--binary",):
       OPTIONS.updater_binary = a
     elif o in ("--no_fallback_to_full",):
       OPTIONS.fallback_to_full = False
@@ -1620,11 +1622,11 @@
       except ValueError:
         raise ValueError("Cannot parse value %r for option %r - expecting "
                          "a float" % (a, o))
-    elif o in ("--backup"):
+    elif o in ("--backup",):
       OPTIONS.backuptool = bool(a.lower() == 'true')
-    elif o in ("--override_device"):
+    elif o in ("--override_device",):
       OPTIONS.override_device = a
-    elif o in ("--override_prop"):
+    elif o in ("--override_prop",):
       OPTIONS.override_prop = bool(a.lower() == 'true')
     else:
       return False
@@ -1663,7 +1665,7 @@
   if OPTIONS.extra_script is not None:
     OPTIONS.extra_script = open(OPTIONS.extra_script).read()
 
-  print "unzipping target target-files..."
+  print("unzipping target target-files...")
   OPTIONS.input_tmp, input_zip = common.UnzipTemp(args[0])
 
   OPTIONS.target_tmp = OPTIONS.input_tmp
@@ -1678,7 +1680,7 @@
         OPTIONS.input_tmp, "BOOT", "RAMDISK", "file_contexts")
 
   if OPTIONS.verbose:
-    print "--- target info ---"
+    print("--- target info ---")
     common.DumpInfoDict(OPTIONS.info_dict)
 
   # If the caller explicitly specified the device-specific extensions
@@ -1691,7 +1693,7 @@
   if OPTIONS.device_specific is None:
     from_input = os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "META", "releasetools.py")
     if os.path.exists(from_input):
-      print "(using device-specific extensions from target_files)"
+      print("(using device-specific extensions from target_files)")
       OPTIONS.device_specific = from_input
     else:
       OPTIONS.device_specific = OPTIONS.info_dict.get("tool_extensions", None)
@@ -1726,7 +1728,7 @@
       break
 
     else:
-      print "unzipping source target-files..."
+      print("unzipping source target-files...")
       OPTIONS.source_tmp, source_zip = common.UnzipTemp(
           OPTIONS.incremental_source)
       OPTIONS.target_info_dict = OPTIONS.info_dict
@@ -1739,7 +1741,7 @@
             "default_system_dev_certificate",
             "build/target/product/security/testkey")
       if OPTIONS.verbose:
-        print "--- source info ---"
+        print("--- source info ---")
         common.DumpInfoDict(OPTIONS.source_info_dict)
       try:
         WriteIncrementalOTAPackage(input_zip, source_zip, output_zip)
@@ -1748,7 +1750,7 @@
       except ValueError:
         if not OPTIONS.fallback_to_full:
           raise
-        print "--- failed to build incremental; falling back to full ---"
+        print("--- failed to build incremental; falling back to full ---")
         OPTIONS.incremental_source = None
         common.ZipClose(output_zip)
 
@@ -1756,7 +1758,7 @@
     SignOutput(temp_zip_file.name, args[1])
     temp_zip_file.close()
 
-  print "done."
+  print("done.")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
@@ -1764,9 +1766,9 @@
     common.CloseInheritedPipes()
     main(sys.argv[1:])
   except common.ExternalError as e:
-    print
-    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
-    print
+    print()
+    print("   ERROR: %s" % e)
+    print()
     sys.exit(1)
   finally:
     common.Cleanup()
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/rangelib.py b/tools/releasetools/rangelib.py
index 373bbed..cbb34b9 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/rangelib.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/rangelib.py
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
     return self.data != other.data
   def __nonzero__(self):
     return bool(self.data)
+  def __bool__(self):
+    return self.__nonzero__()
 
   def __str__(self):
     if not self.data:
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
index 60d62c2..a95af16 100755
--- a/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/sign_target_files_apks.py
@@ -65,14 +65,15 @@
 
 """
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.hexversion < 0x02070000:
-  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.7 or newer is required."
+  print("Python 2.7 or newer is required.", file=sys.stderr)
   sys.exit(1)
 
 import base64
-import cStringIO
 import copy
 import errno
 import os
@@ -82,6 +83,11 @@
 import tempfile
 import zipfile
 
+try:
+  from cStringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+  from io import StringIO
+
 import add_img_to_target_files
 import common
 
@@ -98,11 +104,11 @@
   certmap = common.ReadApkCerts(tf_zip)
 
   # apply the key remapping to the contents of the file
-  for apk, cert in certmap.iteritems():
+  for apk, cert in certmap.items():
     certmap[apk] = OPTIONS.key_map.get(cert, cert)
 
   # apply all the -e options, overriding anything in the file
-  for apk, cert in OPTIONS.extra_apks.iteritems():
+  for apk, cert in OPTIONS.extra_apks.items():
     if not cert:
       cert = "PRESIGNED"
     certmap[apk] = OPTIONS.key_map.get(cert, cert)
@@ -120,10 +126,10 @@
       if name not in apk_key_map:
         unknown_apks.append(name)
   if unknown_apks:
-    print "ERROR: no key specified for:\n\n ",
-    print "\n  ".join(unknown_apks)
-    print "\nUse '-e <apkname>=' to specify a key (which may be an"
-    print "empty string to not sign this apk)."
+    print("ERROR: no key specified for:\n\n ", end=' ')
+    print("\n  ".join(unknown_apks))
+    print("\nUse '-e <apkname>=' to specify a key (which may be an")
+    print("empty string to not sign this apk).")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -194,25 +200,25 @@
       name = os.path.basename(info.filename)
       key = apk_key_map[name]
       if key not in common.SPECIAL_CERT_STRINGS:
-        print "    signing: %-*s (%s)" % (maxsize, name, key)
+        print("    signing: %-*s (%s)" % (maxsize, name, key))
         signed_data = SignApk(data, key, key_passwords[key])
         common.ZipWriteStr(output_tf_zip, out_info, signed_data)
       else:
         # an APK we're not supposed to sign.
-        print "NOT signing: %s" % (name,)
+        print("NOT signing: %s" % name)
         common.ZipWriteStr(output_tf_zip, out_info, data)
     elif info.filename in ("SYSTEM/build.prop",
                            "VENDOR/build.prop",
                            "BOOT/RAMDISK/default.prop",
                            "RECOVERY/RAMDISK/default.prop"):
-      print "rewriting %s:" % (info.filename,)
+      print("rewriting %s:" % info.filename)
       new_data = RewriteProps(data, misc_info)
       common.ZipWriteStr(output_tf_zip, out_info, new_data)
       if info.filename in ("BOOT/RAMDISK/default.prop",
                            "RECOVERY/RAMDISK/default.prop"):
         write_to_temp(info.filename, info.external_attr, new_data)
     elif info.filename.endswith("mac_permissions.xml"):
-      print "rewriting %s with new keys." % (info.filename,)
+      print("rewriting %s with new keys." % info.filename)
       new_data = ReplaceCerts(data)
       common.ZipWriteStr(output_tf_zip, out_info, new_data)
     elif info.filename in ("SYSTEM/recovery-from-boot.p",
@@ -257,10 +263,10 @@
   """Given a string of data, replace all occurences of a set
   of X509 certs with a newer set of X509 certs and return
   the updated data string."""
-  for old, new in OPTIONS.key_map.iteritems():
+  for old, new in OPTIONS.key_map.items():
     try:
       if OPTIONS.verbose:
-        print "    Replacing %s.x509.pem with %s.x509.pem" % (old, new)
+        print("    Replacing %s.x509.pem with %s.x509.pem" % (old, new))
       f = open(old + ".x509.pem")
       old_cert16 = base64.b16encode(common.ParseCertificate(f.read())).lower()
       f.close()
@@ -271,14 +277,14 @@
       pattern = "\\b"+old_cert16+"\\b"
       (data, num) = re.subn(pattern, new_cert16, data, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
       if OPTIONS.verbose:
-        print "    Replaced %d occurence(s) of %s.x509.pem with " \
-            "%s.x509.pem" % (num, old, new)
+        print("    Replaced %d occurence(s) of %s.x509.pem with "
+              "%s.x509.pem" % (num, old, new))
     except IOError as e:
       if e.errno == errno.ENOENT and not OPTIONS.verbose:
         continue
 
-      print "    Error accessing %s. %s. Skip replacing %s.x509.pem " \
-          "with %s.x509.pem." % (e.filename, e.strerror, old, new)
+      print("    Error accessing %s. %s. Skip replacing %s.x509.pem "
+            "with %s.x509.pem." % (e.filename, e.strerror, old, new))
 
   return data
 
@@ -331,8 +337,8 @@
         value = " ".join(value)
       line = key + "=" + value
     if line != original_line:
-      print "  replace: ", original_line
-      print "     with: ", line
+      print("  replace: ", original_line)
+      print("     with: ", line)
     output.append(line)
   return "\n".join(output) + "\n"
 
@@ -348,7 +354,7 @@
     extra_recovery_keys = [OPTIONS.key_map.get(k, k) + ".x509.pem"
                            for k in extra_recovery_keys.split()]
     if extra_recovery_keys:
-      print "extra recovery-only key(s): " + ", ".join(extra_recovery_keys)
+      print("extra recovery-only key(s): " + ", ".join(extra_recovery_keys))
   else:
     extra_recovery_keys = []
 
@@ -362,14 +368,14 @@
     mapped_keys.append(OPTIONS.key_map.get(k, k) + ".x509.pem")
 
   if mapped_keys:
-    print "using:\n   ", "\n   ".join(mapped_keys)
-    print "for OTA package verification"
+    print("using:\n   ", "\n   ".join(mapped_keys))
+    print("for OTA package verification")
   else:
     devkey = misc_info.get("default_system_dev_certificate",
                            "build/target/product/security/testkey")
     mapped_keys.append(
         OPTIONS.key_map.get(devkey, devkey) + ".x509.pem")
-    print "META/otakeys.txt has no keys; using", mapped_keys[0]
+    print("META/otakeys.txt has no keys; using", mapped_keys[0])
 
   # recovery uses a version of the key that has been slightly
   # predigested (by DumpPublicKey.java) and put in res/keys.
@@ -389,7 +395,7 @@
   # put into a zipfile system/etc/security/otacerts.zip.
   # We DO NOT include the extra_recovery_keys (if any) here.
 
-  temp_file = cStringIO.StringIO()
+  temp_file = StringIO()
   certs_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(temp_file, "w")
   for k in mapped_keys:
     certs_zip.write(k)
@@ -400,7 +406,7 @@
   return new_recovery_keys
 
 def ReplaceVerityPublicKey(targetfile_zip, key_path):
-  print "Replacing verity public key with %s" % key_path
+  print("Replacing verity public key with %s" % key_path)
   with open(key_path) as f:
     data = f.read()
   common.ZipWriteStr(targetfile_zip, "BOOT/RAMDISK/verity_key", data)
@@ -408,7 +414,7 @@
 
 def ReplaceVerityPrivateKey(targetfile_input_zip, targetfile_output_zip,
                             misc_info, key_path):
-  print "Replacing verity private key with %s" % key_path
+  print("Replacing verity private key with %s" % key_path)
   current_key = misc_info["verity_key"]
   original_misc_info = targetfile_input_zip.read("META/misc_info.txt")
   new_misc_info = original_misc_info.replace(current_key, key_path)
@@ -499,14 +505,14 @@
 
   add_img_to_target_files.AddImagesToTargetFiles(args[1])
 
-  print "done."
+  print("done.")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   try:
     main(sys.argv[1:])
-  except common.ExternalError, e:
-    print
-    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
-    print
+  except common.ExternalError as e:
+    print()
+    print("   ERROR: %s" % e)
+    print()
     sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/tools/releasetools/sparse_img.py b/tools/releasetools/sparse_img.py
index 07f3c1c..10022d0 100644
--- a/tools/releasetools/sparse_img.py
+++ b/tools/releasetools/sparse_img.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import bisect
 import os
 import struct
diff --git a/tools/repopick.py b/tools/repopick.py
index abc70a9..64db7bf 100755
--- a/tools/repopick.py
+++ b/tools/repopick.py
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
 
 
     out = subprocess.check_output(['ssh', '-x', '-p{0}'.format(port), userhost, 'gerrit', 'query', '--format=JSON --patch-sets --current-patch-set', query])
-
+    if not hasattr(out, 'encode'):
+        out = out.decode()
     reviews = []
     for line in out.split('\n'):
         try:
@@ -184,8 +185,10 @@
     if args.abandon_first:
         # Determine if the branch already exists; skip the abandon if it does not
         plist = subprocess.check_output(['repo', 'info'])
+        if not hasattr(plist, 'encode'):
+            plist = plist.decode()
         needs_abandon = False
-        for pline in plist:
+        for pline in plist.splitlines():
             matchObj = re.match(r'Local Branches.*\[(.*)\]', pline)
             if matchObj:
                 local_branches = re.split('\s*,\s*', matchObj.group(1))
diff --git a/tools/roomservice.py b/tools/roomservice.py
index 01a7154..ee8e5d8 100755
--- a/tools/roomservice.py
+++ b/tools/roomservice.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
 from xml.etree import ElementTree
 
-product = sys.argv[1];
+product = sys.argv[1]
 
 if len(sys.argv) > 2:
     depsonly = sys.argv[2]
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
     authtuple = netrc.netrc().authenticators("api.github.com")
 
     if authtuple:
-        githubauth = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (authtuple[0], authtuple[2])).replace('\n', '')
+        auth_string = ('%s:%s' % (authtuple[0], authtuple[2])).encode()
+        githubauth = base64.encodestring(auth_string).decode().replace('\n', '')
     else:
         githubauth = None
 except:
diff --git a/tools/warn.py b/tools/warn.py
index 8097123..b5a49f6 100755
--- a/tools/warn.py
+++ b/tools/warn.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # This file uses the following encoding: utf-8
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import sys
 import re
 
 if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-    print 'usage: ' + sys.argv[0] + ' <build.log>'
+    print('usage: ' + sys.argv[0] + ' <build.log>')
     sys.exit()
 
 # if you add another level, don't forget to give it a color below
@@ -399,7 +401,7 @@
 row_colors = [ 'e0e0e0', 'd0d0d0' ]
 
 def output(text):
-    print text,
+    print(text, end=' ')
 
 def htmlbig(param):
     return '<font size="+2">' + param + '</font>'