idmap2: replace std::pair<bool, T> with Result<T>

Introduce a new type Result<T> to indicate if an operation succeeded or
not, and if it did, to hold the return value of the operation. This is
the same as how std::pair<bool, T> is already used in the codebase, so
replace all instances with Result<T> to improve clarity.

Result<T> is simply an alias for std::optional<T>. The difference is
semantic: use Result<T> as the return value for functions that can fail,
use std::optional<T> when values are truly optional. This is modelled
after Rust's std::result and std::option.

A future change may graduate Result<T> to a proper class which can hold
additional details on why an operation failed, such as a string or an
error code. As a special case, continue to use std::unique_ptr<T>
instead of Result<std::unique_ptr<T>> for now: the latter would increase
code complexity without added benefit.

Test: make idmap2_tests
Change-Id: I2a8355107ed2b6485409e5e655a84cf1e20b9911
diff --git a/cmds/idmap2/tests/ResourceUtilsTests.cpp b/cmds/idmap2/tests/ResourceUtilsTests.cpp
index 0547fa0..7f60d75 100644
--- a/cmds/idmap2/tests/ResourceUtilsTests.cpp
+++ b/cmds/idmap2/tests/ResourceUtilsTests.cpp
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
-#include <utility>
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 #include "androidfw/ApkAssets.h"
 #include "idmap2/ResourceUtils.h"
+#include "idmap2/Result.h"
 
 #include "TestHelpers.h"
 
@@ -52,17 +52,14 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(ResourceUtilsTests, ResToTypeEntryName) {
-  bool lookup_ok;
-  std::string name;
-  std::tie(lookup_ok, name) = utils::ResToTypeEntryName(GetAssetManager(), 0x7f010000u);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(lookup_ok);
-  ASSERT_EQ(name, "integer/int1");
+  Result<std::string> name = utils::ResToTypeEntryName(GetAssetManager(), 0x7f010000u);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(*name, "integer/int1");
 }
 
 TEST_F(ResourceUtilsTests, ResToTypeEntryNameNoSuchResourceId) {
-  bool lookup_ok;
-  std::tie(lookup_ok, std::ignore) = utils::ResToTypeEntryName(GetAssetManager(), 0x7f123456u);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(lookup_ok);
+  Result<std::string> name = utils::ResToTypeEntryName(GetAssetManager(), 0x7f123456u);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(name);
 }
 
 }  // namespace idmap2