diff --git a/cmds/statsd/src/atoms.proto b/cmds/statsd/src/atoms.proto
index 4372e22..3918bde 100644
--- a/cmds/statsd/src/atoms.proto
+++ b/cmds/statsd/src/atoms.proto
@@ -3303,6 +3303,9 @@
     // For example, the package posting a notification, or the destination package of a share.
     optional int32 uid = 2 [(is_uid) = true];
     optional string package_name = 3;
+    // An identifier used to disambiguate which logs refer to a particular instance of some
+    // UI element. Useful when there might be multiple instances simultaneously active.
+    optional int32 instance_id = 4;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceId.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceId.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85dbac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceId.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.logging;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * An opaque identifier used to disambiguate which logs refer to a particular instance of some
+ * UI element. Useful when there might be multiple instances simultaneously active.
+ * Obtain from InstanceIdSequence.
+ */
+public class InstanceId {
+    private int mId;
+    protected InstanceId(int id) {
+        mId = id;
+    }
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public int getId() {
+        return mId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return mId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof InstanceId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return mId == ((InstanceId) obj).mId;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceIdSequence.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceIdSequence.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e78ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/InstanceIdSequence.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.logging;
+
+import static java.lang.Math.max;
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Generates random InstanceIds in range [0, instanceIdMax) for passing to
+ * UiEventLogger.logWithInstanceId(). Holds a SecureRandom, which self-seeds on
+ * first use; try to give it a long lifetime. Safe for concurrent use.
+ */
+public class InstanceIdSequence {
+    // At most 20 bits: ~1m possibilities, ~0.5% probability of collision in 100 values
+    private static final int INSTANCE_ID_MAX = 1 << 20;
+    protected final int mInstanceIdMax;
+    private final Random mRandom = new SecureRandom();
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a sequence with identifiers [0, instanceIdMax).  Capped at INSTANCE_ID_MAX.
+     * @param instanceIdMax Limiting value of identifiers. Normally positive: otherwise you get
+     *                      an all-zero sequence.
+     */
+    public InstanceIdSequence(int instanceIdMax) {
+        mInstanceIdMax = min(max(0, instanceIdMax), INSTANCE_ID_MAX);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the next instance from the sequence.  Safe for concurrent use.
+     * @return new InstanceId
+     */
+    public InstanceId newInstanceId() {
+        return new InstanceId(mRandom.nextInt(mInstanceIdMax));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLogger.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLogger.java
index 3a450de..48d2bc2 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLogger.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLogger.java
@@ -49,4 +49,15 @@
      * @param packageName the package name of the relevant app, if known (null otherwise).
      */
     void log(@NonNull UiEventEnum event, int uid, @Nullable String packageName);
+
+    /**
+     * Log an event with package information and an instance ID.
+     * Does nothing if event.getId() <= 0.
+     * @param event an enum implementing UiEventEnum interface.
+     * @param uid the uid of the relevant app, if known (0 otherwise).
+     * @param packageName the package name of the relevant app, if known (null otherwise).
+     * @param instance An identifier obtained from an InstanceIdSequence.
+     */
+    void logWithInstanceId(@NonNull UiEventEnum event, int uid, @Nullable String packageName,
+            @NonNull InstanceId instance);
 }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLoggerImpl.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLoggerImpl.java
index bdf460c..fe758a8 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLoggerImpl.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/UiEventLoggerImpl.java
@@ -36,4 +36,14 @@
             StatsLog.write(StatsLog.UI_EVENT_REPORTED, eventID, uid, packageName);
         }
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void logWithInstanceId(UiEventEnum event, int uid, String packageName,
+            InstanceId instance) {
+        final int eventID = event.getId();
+        if (eventID > 0) {
+            StatsLog.write(StatsLog.UI_EVENT_REPORTED, eventID, uid, packageName,
+                    instance.getId());
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/InstanceIdSequenceFake.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/InstanceIdSequenceFake.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd40b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/InstanceIdSequenceFake.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.logging.testing;
+
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+
+import com.android.internal.logging.InstanceId;
+import com.android.internal.logging.InstanceIdSequence;
+
+/**
+ * A fake implementation of InstanceIdSequence that returns 0, 1, 2, ...
+ */
+public class InstanceIdSequenceFake extends InstanceIdSequence {
+
+    public InstanceIdSequenceFake(int instanceIdMax) {
+        super(instanceIdMax);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extend InstanceId to add a constructor we can call, strictly for testing purposes.
+     * Public so that tests can check whether the InstanceIds they see are fake.
+     */
+    public static class InstanceIdFake extends InstanceId {
+        @SuppressLint("VisibleForTests")  // This is test infrastructure, which ought to count
+        InstanceIdFake(int id) {
+            super(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int mNextId = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    public InstanceId newInstanceId() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ++mNextId;
+            if (mNextId >= mInstanceIdMax) {
+                mNextId = 0;
+            }
+            return new InstanceIdFake(mNextId);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/UiEventLoggerFake.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/UiEventLoggerFake.java
index 6be5b81..130ee64 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/UiEventLoggerFake.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/testing/UiEventLoggerFake.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.logging.testing;
 
+import com.android.internal.logging.InstanceId;
 import com.android.internal.logging.UiEventLogger;
 
 import java.util.LinkedList;
@@ -34,15 +35,24 @@
         public final int eventId;
         public final int uid;
         public final String packageName;
+        public final InstanceId instanceId;  // Used only for WithInstanceId variant
 
-        public FakeUiEvent(int eventId, int uid, String packageName) {
+        FakeUiEvent(int eventId, int uid, String packageName) {
             this.eventId = eventId;
             this.uid = uid;
             this.packageName = packageName;
+            this.instanceId = null;
+        }
+
+        FakeUiEvent(int eventId, int uid, String packageName, InstanceId instanceId) {
+            this.eventId = eventId;
+            this.uid = uid;
+            this.packageName = packageName;
+            this.instanceId = instanceId;
         }
     }
 
-    private Queue<FakeUiEvent> mLogs = new LinkedList<FakeUiEvent>();
+    private Queue<FakeUiEvent> mLogs = new LinkedList<>();
 
     public Queue<FakeUiEvent> getLogs() {
         return mLogs;
@@ -60,4 +70,13 @@
             mLogs.offer(new FakeUiEvent(eventId, uid, packageName));
         }
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void logWithInstanceId(UiEventLogger.UiEventEnum event, int uid, String packageName,
+            InstanceId instance) {
+        final int eventId = event.getId();
+        if (eventId > 0) {
+            mLogs.offer(new FakeUiEvent(eventId, uid, packageName, instance));
+        }
+    }
 }