diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 83bb3a0..84036ca 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@
 
     LegacyVpnInfo getLegacyVpnInfo(int userId);
 
-    VpnInfo[] getAllVpnInfo();
-
     boolean updateLockdownVpn();
     boolean isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupported(int userId, String packageName);
     boolean setAlwaysOnVpnPackage(int userId, String packageName, boolean lockdown,
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/core/java/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
index 8e6f272..148b25d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkState;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Messenger;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnInfo;
 
 /** {@hide} */
 interface INetworkStatsService {
@@ -58,7 +60,11 @@
     void incrementOperationCount(int uid, int tag, int operationCount);
 
     /** Force update of ifaces. */
-    void forceUpdateIfaces(in Network[] defaultNetworks);
+    void forceUpdateIfaces(
+         in Network[] defaultNetworks,
+         in VpnInfo[] vpnArray,
+         in NetworkState[] networkStates,
+         in String activeIface);
     /** Force update of statistics. */
     void forceUpdate();
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 446d186..90281b7 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -4096,12 +4096,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Return the information of all ongoing VPNs. This method is used by NetworkStatsService
-     * and not available in ConnectivityManager.
+     * Return the information of all ongoing VPNs.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is used to update NetworkStatsService.
+     *
+     * <p>Must be called on the handler thread.
      */
-    @Override
-    public VpnInfo[] getAllVpnInfo() {
-        enforceConnectivityInternalPermission();
+    private VpnInfo[] getAllVpnInfo() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         synchronized (mVpns) {
             if (mLockdownEnabled) {
                 return new VpnInfo[0];
@@ -6397,6 +6399,7 @@
      * Must be called on the handler thread.
      */
     private Network[] getDefaultNetworks() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         ArrayList<Network> defaultNetworks = new ArrayList<>();
         NetworkAgentInfo defaultNetwork = getDefaultNetwork();
         for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos.values()) {
@@ -6412,8 +6415,15 @@
      * properties tracked by NetworkStatsService on an active iface has changed.
      */
     private void notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats() {
+        ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
+        String activeIface = null;
+        LinkProperties activeLinkProperties = getActiveLinkProperties();
+        if (activeLinkProperties != null) {
+            activeIface = activeLinkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+        }
         try {
-            mStatsService.forceUpdateIfaces(getDefaultNetworks());
+            mStatsService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                    getDefaultNetworks(), getAllVpnInfo(), getAllNetworkState(), activeIface);
         } catch (Exception ignored) {
         }
     }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 2e7cbc6..8fa435c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
-import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
@@ -195,8 +194,6 @@
 
     private final boolean mUseBpfTrafficStats;
 
-    private IConnectivityManager mConnManager;
-
     @VisibleForTesting
     public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL =
             "com.android.server.action.NETWORK_STATS_POLL";
@@ -258,6 +255,7 @@
     private final ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveUidIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
 
     /** Current default active iface. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
     private String mActiveIface;
 
     /** Set of any ifaces associated with mobile networks since boot. */
@@ -268,6 +266,10 @@
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
     private Network[] mDefaultNetworks = new Network[0];
 
+    /** Set containing info about active VPNs and their underlying networks. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private VpnInfo[] mVpnInfos = new VpnInfo[0];
+
     private final DropBoxNonMonotonicObserver mNonMonotonicObserver =
             new DropBoxNonMonotonicObserver();
 
@@ -375,10 +377,6 @@
         mHandlerCallback = callback;
     }
 
-    public void bindConnectivityManager(IConnectivityManager connManager) {
-        mConnManager = checkNotNull(connManager, "missing IConnectivityManager");
-    }
-
     public void systemReady() {
         mSystemReady = true;
 
@@ -857,13 +855,17 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void forceUpdateIfaces(Network[] defaultNetworks) {
+    public void forceUpdateIfaces(
+            Network[] defaultNetworks,
+            VpnInfo[] vpnArray,
+            NetworkState[] networkStates,
+            String activeIface) {
         mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY, TAG);
         assertBandwidthControlEnabled();
 
         final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
         try {
-            updateIfaces(defaultNetworks);
+            updateIfaces(defaultNetworks, vpnArray, networkStates, activeIface);
         } finally {
             Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
         }
@@ -1127,11 +1129,17 @@
         }
     };
 
-    private void updateIfaces(Network[] defaultNetworks) {
+    private void updateIfaces(
+            Network[] defaultNetworks,
+            VpnInfo[] vpnArray,
+            NetworkState[] networkStates,
+            String activeIface) {
         synchronized (mStatsLock) {
             mWakeLock.acquire();
             try {
-                updateIfacesLocked(defaultNetworks);
+                mVpnInfos = vpnArray;
+                mActiveIface = activeIface;
+                updateIfacesLocked(defaultNetworks, networkStates);
             } finally {
                 mWakeLock.release();
             }
@@ -1145,7 +1153,7 @@
      * {@link NetworkIdentitySet}.
      */
     @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
-    private void updateIfacesLocked(Network[] defaultNetworks) {
+    private void updateIfacesLocked(Network[] defaultNetworks, NetworkState[] states) {
         if (!mSystemReady) return;
         if (LOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "updateIfacesLocked()");
 
@@ -1157,18 +1165,6 @@
         // will be persisted during next alarm poll event.
         performPollLocked(FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK);
 
-        final NetworkState[] states;
-        final LinkProperties activeLink;
-        try {
-            states = mConnManager.getAllNetworkState();
-            activeLink = mConnManager.getActiveLinkProperties();
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            // ignored; service lives in system_server
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mActiveIface = activeLink != null ? activeLink.getInterfaceName() : null;
-
         // Rebuild active interfaces based on connected networks
         mActiveIfaces.clear();
         mActiveUidIfaces.clear();
@@ -1280,7 +1276,7 @@
         Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
 
         // For per-UID stats, pass the VPN info so VPN traffic is reattributed to responsible apps.
-        VpnInfo[] vpnArray = mConnManager.getAllVpnInfo();
+        VpnInfo[] vpnArray = mVpnInfos;
         Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "recordUid");
         mUidRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(uidSnapshot, mActiveUidIfaces, vpnArray, currentTime);
         Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java b/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
index 2733da9..6cbb35b 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
@@ -1235,7 +1235,6 @@
                 ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity,
                             /* allowIsolated= */ false,
                     DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
-                networkStats.bindConnectivityManager(connectivity);
                 networkPolicy.bindConnectivityManager(connectivity);
             } catch (Throwable e) {
                 reportWtf("starting Connectivity Service", e);
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index c126026..b460c90 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.NetworkStackClient;
+import android.net.NetworkState;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
+import com.android.internal.net.VpnInfo;
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
@@ -4273,48 +4275,91 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent = new MockNetworkAgent(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new MockNetworkAgent(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
 
-        Network[] onlyCell = new Network[]{mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()};
-        Network[] onlyWifi = new Network[]{mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()};
+        Network[] onlyCell = new Network[] {mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()};
+        Network[] onlyWifi = new Network[] {mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()};
+
+        LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
 
         // Simple connection should have updated ifaces
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         // Default network switch should update ifaces.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(wifiLp);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyWifi);
+        assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyWifi),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(WIFI_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         // Disconnect should update ifaces.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         // Metered change should update ifaces
         mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         // Captive portal change shouldn't update ifaces
         mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, never()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, never())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
 
         // Roaming change should update ifaces
         mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce()).forceUpdateIfaces(onlyCell);
+        verify(mStatsService, atLeastOnce())
+                .forceUpdateIfaces(
+                        eq(onlyCell),
+                        eq(new VpnInfo[0]),
+                        any(NetworkState[].class),
+                        eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mStatsService);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index f89f303..d91d3eb 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
-import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -163,7 +162,6 @@
 
     private @Mock INetworkManagementService mNetManager;
     private @Mock NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
-    private @Mock IConnectivityManager mConnManager;
     private @Mock IBinder mBinder;
     private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
@@ -205,7 +203,6 @@
         Handler.Callback callback = new NetworkStatsService.HandlerCallback(mService);
         mHandler = new Handler(mHandlerThread.getLooper(), callback);
         mService.setHandler(mHandler, callback);
-        mService.bindConnectivityManager(mConnManager);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
@@ -234,7 +231,6 @@
 
         mNetManager = null;
         mSettings = null;
-        mConnManager = null;
 
         mSession.close();
         mService = null;
@@ -245,12 +241,12 @@
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
         // verify service has empty history for wifi
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
@@ -289,12 +285,12 @@
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
         // verify service has empty history for wifi
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
@@ -363,12 +359,12 @@
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
         expectSettings(0L, HOUR_IN_MILLIS, WEEK_IN_MILLIS);
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // modify some number on wifi, and trigger poll event
@@ -405,12 +401,12 @@
     public void testUidStatsAcrossNetworks() throws Exception {
         // pretend first mobile network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1));
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some traffic on first network
@@ -437,7 +433,7 @@
         // disappearing, to verify we don't count backwards.
         incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile3gState(IMSI_2));
+        states = new NetworkState[] {buildMobile3gState(IMSI_2)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 .addIfaceValues(TEST_IFACE, 2048L, 16L, 512L, 4L));
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
@@ -446,7 +442,7 @@
                 .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 512L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
 
@@ -481,12 +477,12 @@
     public void testUidRemovedIsMoved() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some traffic
@@ -540,12 +536,12 @@
     public void testUid3g4gCombinedByTemplate() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1));
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some traffic
@@ -566,14 +562,14 @@
         // now switch over to 4g network
         incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2));
+        states = new NetworkState[] {buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                 .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 1024L, 8L, 0L)
                 .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 512L, 4L, 512L, 4L, 0L));
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
 
@@ -598,12 +594,12 @@
     public void testSummaryForAllUid() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some traffic for two apps
@@ -657,12 +653,12 @@
     public void testDetailedUidStats() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
         NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
                 TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 50L, 5L, 50L, 5L, 0L);
@@ -700,13 +696,13 @@
         stackedProp.setInterfaceName(stackedIface);
         final NetworkState wifiState = buildWifiState();
         wifiState.linkProperties.addStackedLink(stackedProp);
-        expectNetworkState(wifiState);
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {wifiState};
 
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
         NetworkStats.Entry uidStats = new NetworkStats.Entry(
                 TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
@@ -745,12 +741,12 @@
     public void testForegroundBackground() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some initial traffic
@@ -803,12 +799,12 @@
     public void testMetered() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState(true /* isMetered */));
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(true /* isMetered */)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some initial traffic
@@ -843,12 +839,13 @@
     public void testRoaming() throws Exception {
         // pretend that network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1, true /* isRoaming */));
+        NetworkState[] states =
+            new NetworkState[] {buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1, true /* isRoaming */)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // Create some traffic
@@ -882,12 +879,12 @@
     public void testTethering() throws Exception {
         // pretend first mobile network comes online
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1));
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1)};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
 
         // create some tethering traffic
@@ -925,12 +922,12 @@
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
         expectDefaultSettings();
-        expectNetworkState(buildWifiState());
+        NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState()};
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
-        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_WIFI, new VpnInfo[0], states, getActiveIface(states));
 
         // verify service has empty history for wifi
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
@@ -1077,11 +1074,11 @@
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
     }
 
-    private void expectNetworkState(NetworkState... state) throws Exception {
-        when(mConnManager.getAllNetworkState()).thenReturn(state);
-
-        final LinkProperties linkProp = state.length > 0 ? state[0].linkProperties : null;
-        when(mConnManager.getActiveLinkProperties()).thenReturn(linkProp);
+    private String getActiveIface(NetworkState... states) throws Exception {
+        if (states == null || states.length == 0 || states[0].linkProperties == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return states[0].linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
     }
 
     private void expectNetworkStatsSummary(NetworkStats summary) throws Exception {
@@ -1090,8 +1087,6 @@
 
     private void expectNetworkStatsSummary(NetworkStats summary, NetworkStats tetherStats)
             throws Exception {
-        when(mConnManager.getAllVpnInfo()).thenReturn(new VpnInfo[0]);
-
         expectNetworkStatsTethering(STATS_PER_IFACE, tetherStats);
         expectNetworkStatsSummaryDev(summary.clone());
         expectNetworkStatsSummaryXt(summary.clone());