diff --git a/cmds/installd/Android.mk b/cmds/installd/Android.mk
index eaeeb22..488de0f 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/Android.mk
+++ b/cmds/installd/Android.mk
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-common_src_files := commands.cpp utils.cpp
+common_src_files := commands.cpp globals.cpp utils.cpp
 common_cflags := -Wall -Werror
 
 #
@@ -41,3 +41,7 @@
 LOCAL_INIT_RC := installd.rc
 LOCAL_CLANG := true
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+# Tests.
+
+include $(LOCAL_PATH)/tests/Android.mk
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cmds/installd/commands.cpp b/cmds/installd/commands.cpp
index 3b2a086..7544e4d 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/commands.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/commands.cpp
@@ -14,33 +14,40 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-#include "installd.h"
+#include "commands.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
+#include <cutils/log.h>               // TODO: Move everything to base/logging.
 #include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <diskusage/dirsize.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
-#include <system/thread_defs.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <sys/capability.h>
-#include <sys/file.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <globals.h>
+#include <installd_deps.h>
+#include <utils.h>
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "installd"
+#endif
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
-/* Directory records that are used in execution of commands. */
-dir_rec_t android_data_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_asec_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_app_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_app_private_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_app_ephemeral_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_app_lib_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_media_dir;
-dir_rec_t android_mnt_expand_dir;
-dir_rec_array_t android_system_dirs;
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
 
 static const char* kCpPath = "/system/bin/cp";
 
@@ -420,8 +427,8 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (create_cache_path(src_dex, src, instruction_set)) return -1;
-    if (create_cache_path(dst_dex, dst, instruction_set)) return -1;
+    if (!create_cache_path(src_dex, src, instruction_set)) return -1;
+    if (!create_cache_path(dst_dex, dst, instruction_set)) return -1;
 
     ALOGV("move %s -> %s\n", src_dex, dst_dex);
     if (rename(src_dex, dst_dex) < 0) {
@@ -441,7 +448,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (create_cache_path(dex_path, path, instruction_set)) return -1;
+    if (!create_cache_path(dex_path, path, instruction_set)) return -1;
 
     ALOGV("unlink %s\n", dex_path);
     if (unlink(dex_path) < 0) {
@@ -495,7 +502,7 @@
     }
 
     /* count the cached dexfile as code */
-    if (!create_cache_path(path, apkpath, instruction_set)) {
+    if (create_cache_path(path, apkpath, instruction_set)) {
         if (stat(path, &s) == 0) {
             codesize += stat_size(&s);
         }
@@ -589,51 +596,11 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int create_cache_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *src, const char *instruction_set)
-{
-    char *tmp;
-    int srclen;
-    int dstlen;
-
-    srclen = strlen(src);
-
-        /* demand that we are an absolute path */
-    if ((src == 0) || (src[0] != '/') || strstr(src,"..")) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (srclen > PKG_PATH_MAX) {        // XXX: PKG_NAME_MAX?
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    dstlen = srclen + strlen(DALVIK_CACHE_PREFIX) +
-        strlen(instruction_set) +
-        strlen(DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX) + 2;
-
-    if (dstlen > PKG_PATH_MAX) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    sprintf(path,"%s%s/%s%s",
-            DALVIK_CACHE_PREFIX,
-            instruction_set,
-            src + 1, /* skip the leading / */
-            DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX);
-
-    for(tmp = path + strlen(DALVIK_CACHE_PREFIX) + strlen(instruction_set) + 1; *tmp; tmp++) {
-        if (*tmp == '/') {
-            *tmp = '@';
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static int split_count(const char *str)
 {
   char *ctx;
   int count = 0;
-  char buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+  char buf[kPropertyValueMax];
 
   strncpy(buf, str, sizeof(buf));
   char *pBuf = buf;
@@ -662,7 +629,7 @@
 }
 
 static void run_patchoat(int input_fd, int oat_fd, const char* input_file_name,
-    const char* output_file_name, const char *pkgname __unused, const char *instruction_set)
+    const char* output_file_name, const char *pkgname ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const char *instruction_set)
 {
     static const int MAX_INT_LEN = 12;      // '-'+10dig+'\0' -OR- 0x+8dig
     static const unsigned int MAX_INSTRUCTION_SET_LEN = 7;
@@ -702,8 +669,8 @@
 }
 
 static bool check_boolean_property(const char* property_name, bool default_value = false) {
-    char tmp_property_value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_property = property_get(property_name, tmp_property_value, nullptr) > 0;
+    char tmp_property_value[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_property = get_property(property_name, tmp_property_value, nullptr) > 0;
     if (!have_property) {
         return default_value;
     }
@@ -722,50 +689,50 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    char dex2oat_Xms_flag[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_Xms_flag = property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oat_Xms_flag, NULL) > 0;
+    char dex2oat_Xms_flag[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_Xms_flag = get_property("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oat_Xms_flag, NULL) > 0;
 
-    char dex2oat_Xmx_flag[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_Xmx_flag = property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oat_Xmx_flag, NULL) > 0;
+    char dex2oat_Xmx_flag[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_Xmx_flag = get_property("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oat_Xmx_flag, NULL) > 0;
 
-    char dex2oat_compiler_filter_flag[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_compiler_filter_flag = property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter",
+    char dex2oat_compiler_filter_flag[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_compiler_filter_flag = get_property("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter",
                                                           dex2oat_compiler_filter_flag, NULL) > 0;
 
-    char dex2oat_threads_buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_threads_flag = property_get(post_bootcomplete
+    char dex2oat_threads_buf[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_threads_flag = get_property(post_bootcomplete
                                                       ? "dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads"
                                                       : "dalvik.vm.boot-dex2oat-threads",
                                                   dex2oat_threads_buf,
                                                   NULL) > 0;
-    char dex2oat_threads_arg[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX + 2];
+    char dex2oat_threads_arg[kPropertyValueMax + 2];
     if (have_dex2oat_threads_flag) {
         sprintf(dex2oat_threads_arg, "-j%s", dex2oat_threads_buf);
     }
 
-    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
+    char dex2oat_isa_features_key[kPropertyKeyMax];
     sprintf(dex2oat_isa_features_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.features", instruction_set);
-    char dex2oat_isa_features[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_isa_features = property_get(dex2oat_isa_features_key,
+    char dex2oat_isa_features[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_isa_features = get_property(dex2oat_isa_features_key,
                                                   dex2oat_isa_features, NULL) > 0;
 
-    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
+    char dex2oat_isa_variant_key[kPropertyKeyMax];
     sprintf(dex2oat_isa_variant_key, "dalvik.vm.isa.%s.variant", instruction_set);
-    char dex2oat_isa_variant[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_dex2oat_isa_variant = property_get(dex2oat_isa_variant_key,
+    char dex2oat_isa_variant[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_dex2oat_isa_variant = get_property(dex2oat_isa_variant_key,
                                                  dex2oat_isa_variant, NULL) > 0;
 
     const char *dex2oat_norelocation = "-Xnorelocate";
     bool have_dex2oat_relocation_skip_flag = false;
 
-    char dex2oat_flags[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    int dex2oat_flags_count = property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags",
+    char dex2oat_flags[kPropertyValueMax];
+    int dex2oat_flags_count = get_property("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags",
                                  dex2oat_flags, NULL) <= 0 ? 0 : split_count(dex2oat_flags);
     ALOGV("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags=%s\n", dex2oat_flags);
 
     // If we booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
-    char vold_decrypt[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    bool have_vold_decrypt = property_get("vold.decrypt", vold_decrypt, "") > 0;
+    char vold_decrypt[kPropertyValueMax];
+    bool have_vold_decrypt = get_property("vold.decrypt", vold_decrypt, "") > 0;
     bool skip_compilation = (have_vold_decrypt &&
                              (strcmp(vold_decrypt, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0 ||
                              (strcmp(vold_decrypt, "1") == 0)));
@@ -783,11 +750,11 @@
     char oat_fd_arg[strlen("--oat-fd=") + MAX_INT_LEN];
     char oat_location_arg[strlen("--oat-location=") + PKG_PATH_MAX];
     char instruction_set_arg[strlen("--instruction-set=") + MAX_INSTRUCTION_SET_LEN];
-    char instruction_set_variant_arg[strlen("--instruction-set-variant=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char instruction_set_features_arg[strlen("--instruction-set-features=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char dex2oat_Xms_arg[strlen("-Xms") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char dex2oat_Xmx_arg[strlen("-Xmx") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char dex2oat_compiler_filter_arg[strlen("--compiler-filter=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    char instruction_set_variant_arg[strlen("--instruction-set-variant=") + kPropertyValueMax];
+    char instruction_set_features_arg[strlen("--instruction-set-features=") + kPropertyValueMax];
+    char dex2oat_Xms_arg[strlen("-Xms") + kPropertyValueMax];
+    char dex2oat_Xmx_arg[strlen("-Xmx") + kPropertyValueMax];
+    char dex2oat_compiler_filter_arg[strlen("--compiler-filter=") + kPropertyValueMax];
     bool have_dex2oat_swap_fd = false;
     char dex2oat_swap_fd[strlen("--swap-fd=") + MAX_INT_LEN];
 
@@ -827,9 +794,9 @@
 
     // Check whether all apps should be compiled debuggable.
     if (!debuggable) {
-        char prop_buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+        char prop_buf[kPropertyValueMax];
         debuggable =
-                (property_get("dalvik.vm.always_debuggable", prop_buf, "0") > 0) &&
+                (get_property("dalvik.vm.always_debuggable", prop_buf, "0") > 0) &&
                 (prop_buf[0] == '1');
     }
 
@@ -897,32 +864,6 @@
     ALOGE("execv(%s) failed: %s\n", DEX2OAT_BIN, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-static int wait_child(pid_t pid)
-{
-    int status;
-    pid_t got_pid;
-
-    while (1) {
-        got_pid = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-        if (got_pid == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
-            printf("waitpid interrupted, retrying\n");
-        } else {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (got_pid != pid) {
-        ALOGW("waitpid failed: wanted %d, got %d: %s\n",
-            (int) pid, (int) got_pid, strerror(errno));
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
-        return 0;
-    } else {
-        return status;      /* always nonzero */
-    }
-}
-
 /*
  * Whether dexopt should use a swap file when compiling an APK.
  *
@@ -944,8 +885,8 @@
     }
 
     // Check the "override" property. If it exists, return value == "true".
-    char dex2oat_prop_buf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    if (property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-swap", dex2oat_prop_buf, "") > 0) {
+    char dex2oat_prop_buf[kPropertyValueMax];
+    if (get_property("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-swap", dex2oat_prop_buf, "") > 0) {
         if (strcmp(dex2oat_prop_buf, "true") == 0) {
             return true;
         } else {
@@ -969,42 +910,6 @@
     return kDefaultProvideSwapFile;
 }
 
-/*
- * Computes the odex file for the given apk_path and instruction_set.
- * /system/framework/whatever.jar -> /system/framework/oat/<isa>/whatever.odex
- *
- * Returns false if it failed to determine the odex file path.
- */
-static bool calculate_odex_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
-                                     const char *apk_path,
-                                     const char *instruction_set)
-{
-    if (strlen(apk_path) + strlen("oat/") + strlen(instruction_set)
-        + strlen("/") + strlen("odex") + 1 > PKG_PATH_MAX) {
-      ALOGE("apk_path '%s' may be too long to form odex file path.\n", apk_path);
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    strcpy(path, apk_path);
-    char *end = strrchr(path, '/');
-    if (end == NULL) {
-      ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no '/'s in it?!\n", apk_path);
-      return false;
-    }
-    const char *apk_end = apk_path + (end - path); // strrchr(apk_path, '/');
-
-    strcpy(end + 1, "oat/");       // path = /system/framework/oat/\0
-    strcat(path, instruction_set); // path = /system/framework/oat/<isa>\0
-    strcat(path, apk_end);         // path = /system/framework/oat/<isa>/whatever.jar\0
-    end = strrchr(path, '.');
-    if (end == NULL) {
-      ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no extension.\n", apk_path);
-      return false;
-    }
-    strcpy(end + 1, "odex");
-    return true;
-}
-
 static void SetDex2OatAndPatchOatScheduling(bool set_to_bg) {
     if (set_to_bg) {
         if (set_sched_policy(0, SP_BACKGROUND) < 0) {
@@ -1051,11 +956,11 @@
             ALOGE("invalid oat_dir '%s'\n", oat_dir);
             return -1;
         }
-        if (calculate_oat_file_path(out_path, oat_dir, apk_path, instruction_set)) {
+        if (!calculate_oat_file_path(out_path, oat_dir, apk_path, instruction_set)) {
             return -1;
         }
     } else {
-        if (create_cache_path(out_path, apk_path, instruction_set)) {
+        if (!create_cache_path(out_path, apk_path, instruction_set)) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -1212,7 +1117,11 @@
 int mark_boot_complete(const char* instruction_set)
 {
   char boot_marker_path[PKG_PATH_MAX];
-  sprintf(boot_marker_path,"%s%s/.booting", DALVIK_CACHE_PREFIX, instruction_set);
+  sprintf(boot_marker_path,
+          "%s/%s/%s/.booting",
+          android_data_dir.path,
+          DALVIK_CACHE,
+          instruction_set);
 
   ALOGV("mark_boot_complete : %s", boot_marker_path);
   if (unlink(boot_marker_path) != 0) {
@@ -1750,29 +1659,5 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int calculate_oat_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *oat_dir, const char *apk_path,
-        const char *instruction_set) {
-    char *file_name_start;
-    char *file_name_end;
-
-    file_name_start = strrchr(apk_path, '/');
-    if (file_name_start == NULL) {
-         ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no '/'s in it\n", apk_path);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    file_name_end = strrchr(apk_path, '.');
-    if (file_name_end < file_name_start) {
-        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no extension\n", apk_path);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Calculate file_name
-    int file_name_len = file_name_end - file_name_start - 1;
-    char file_name[file_name_len + 1];
-    memcpy(file_name, file_name_start + 1, file_name_len);
-    file_name[file_name_len] = '\0';
-
-    // <apk_parent_dir>/oat/<isa>/<file_name>.odex
-    snprintf(path, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/%s/%s.odex", oat_dir, instruction_set, file_name);
-    return 0;
-}
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/installd/commands.h b/cmds/installd/commands.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a6e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/commands.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef COMMANDS_H_
+#define COMMANDS_H_
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cutils/multiuser.h>
+
+#include <installd_constants.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+int install(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char *seinfo);
+int uninstall(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
+int renamepkg(const char *oldpkgname, const char *newpkgname);
+int fix_uid(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int delete_user_data(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
+int make_user_data(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid,
+        userid_t userid, const char* seinfo);
+int copy_complete_app(const char* from_uuid, const char *to_uuid,
+        const char *package_name, const char *data_app_name, appid_t appid,
+        const char* seinfo);
+int make_user_config(userid_t userid);
+int delete_user(const char *uuid, userid_t userid);
+int delete_cache(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
+int delete_code_cache(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
+int move_dex(const char *src, const char *dst, const char *instruction_set);
+int rm_dex(const char *path, const char *instruction_set);
+int protect(char *pkgname, gid_t gid);
+int get_size(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, int userid,
+        const char *apkpath, const char *libdirpath,
+        const char *fwdlock_apkpath, const char *asecpath,
+        const char *instruction_set, int64_t *codesize, int64_t *datasize,
+        int64_t *cachesize, int64_t *asecsize);
+int free_cache(const char *uuid, int64_t free_size);
+int dexopt(const char *apk_path, uid_t uid, const char *pkgName, const char *instruction_set,
+           int dexopt_needed, const char* oat_dir, int dexopt_flags);
+int mark_boot_complete(const char *instruction_set);
+int movefiles();
+int linklib(const char* uuid, const char* pkgname, const char* asecLibDir, int userId);
+int idmap(const char *target_path, const char *overlay_path, uid_t uid);
+int restorecon_data(const char *uuid, const char* pkgName, const char* seinfo, uid_t uid);
+int create_oat_dir(const char* oat_dir, const char *instruction_set);
+int rm_package_dir(const char* apk_path);
+int move_package_dir(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *oat_dir, const char *apk_path,
+                            const char *instruction_set);
+int link_file(const char *relative_path, const char *from_base, const char *to_base);
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // COMMANDS_H_
diff --git a/cmds/installd/globals.cpp b/cmds/installd/globals.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bee2790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/globals.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/*
+** Copyright 2015, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <cutils/log.h>               // TODO: Move everything to base::logging.
+
+#include <globals.h>
+#include <installd_constants.h>
+#include <utils.h>
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "installd"
+#endif
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+/* Directory records that are used in execution of commands. */
+dir_rec_t android_app_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_app_ephemeral_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_app_lib_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_app_private_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_asec_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_data_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_media_dir;
+dir_rec_t android_mnt_expand_dir;
+
+dir_rec_array_t android_system_dirs;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize all the global variables that are used elsewhere. Returns 0 upon
+ * success and -1 on error.
+ */
+void free_globals() {
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < android_system_dirs.count; i++) {
+        if (android_system_dirs.dirs[i].path != NULL) {
+            free(android_system_dirs.dirs[i].path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    free(android_system_dirs.dirs);
+}
+
+bool init_globals_from_data_and_root(const char* data, const char* root) {
+    // Get the android data directory.
+    if (get_path_from_string(&android_data_dir, data) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android app directory.
+    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android protected app directory.
+    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_private_dir, &android_data_dir, PRIVATE_APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android ephemeral app directory.
+    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_ephemeral_dir, &android_data_dir, EPHEMERAL_APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android app native library directory.
+    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_lib_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_LIB_SUBDIR) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the sd-card ASEC mount point.
+    if (get_path_from_env(&android_asec_dir, "ASEC_MOUNTPOINT") < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android media directory.
+    if (copy_and_append(&android_media_dir, &android_data_dir, MEDIA_SUBDIR) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Get the android external app directory.
+    if (get_path_from_string(&android_mnt_expand_dir, "/mnt/expand/") < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Take note of the system and vendor directories.
+    android_system_dirs.count = 4;
+
+    android_system_dirs.dirs = (dir_rec_t*) calloc(android_system_dirs.count, sizeof(dir_rec_t));
+    if (android_system_dirs.dirs == NULL) {
+        ALOGE("Couldn't allocate array for dirs; aborting\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    dir_rec_t android_root_dir;
+    if (get_path_from_string(&android_root_dir, root) < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, APP_SUBDIR);
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path);
+
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, PRIV_APP_SUBDIR);
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path);
+
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path = strdup("/vendor/app/");
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path);
+
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path = strdup("/oem/app/");
+    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/installd/globals.h b/cmds/installd/globals.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e61f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/globals.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef GLOBALS_H_
+#define GLOBALS_H_
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+/* data structures */
+
+struct dir_rec_t {
+    char* path;
+    size_t len;
+};
+
+struct dir_rec_array_t {
+    size_t count;
+    dir_rec_t* dirs;
+};
+
+extern dir_rec_t android_app_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_app_ephemeral_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_app_lib_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_app_private_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_asec_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_data_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_media_dir;
+extern dir_rec_t android_mnt_expand_dir;
+
+extern dir_rec_array_t android_system_dirs;
+
+void free_globals();
+bool init_globals_from_data_and_root(const char* data, const char* root);
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // GLOBALS_H_
diff --git a/cmds/installd/installd.cpp b/cmds/installd/installd.cpp
index a7202b6..17ae521 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/installd.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/installd.cpp
@@ -14,19 +14,167 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-#include "installd.h"
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-#include <sys/capability.h>
-#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/avc.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
+#include <cutils/log.h>               // TODO: Move everything to base::logging.
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <commands.h>
+#include <globals.h>
+#include <installd_constants.h>
+#include <installd_deps.h>  // Need to fill in requirements of commands.
+#include <utils.h>
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "installd"
+#endif
+#define SOCKET_PATH "installd"
 
 #define BUFFER_MAX    1024  /* input buffer for commands */
 #define TOKEN_MAX     16    /* max number of arguments in buffer */
 #define REPLY_MAX     256   /* largest reply allowed */
 
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+// Check that installd-deps sizes match cutils sizes.
+static_assert(kPropertyKeyMax == PROPERTY_KEY_MAX, "Size mismatch.");
+static_assert(kPropertyValueMax == PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, "Size mismatch.");
+
+////////////////////////
+// Plug-in functions. //
+////////////////////////
+
+int get_property(const char *key, char *value, const char *default_value) {
+    return property_get(key, value, default_value);
+}
+
+// Compute the output path of
+bool calculate_oat_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                             const char *oat_dir,
+                             const char *apk_path,
+                             const char *instruction_set) {
+    char *file_name_start;
+    char *file_name_end;
+
+    file_name_start = strrchr(apk_path, '/');
+    if (file_name_start == NULL) {
+        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no '/'s in it\n", apk_path);
+        return false;
+    }
+    file_name_end = strrchr(apk_path, '.');
+    if (file_name_end < file_name_start) {
+        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no extension\n", apk_path);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate file_name
+    int file_name_len = file_name_end - file_name_start - 1;
+    char file_name[file_name_len + 1];
+    memcpy(file_name, file_name_start + 1, file_name_len);
+    file_name[file_name_len] = '\0';
+
+    // <apk_parent_dir>/oat/<isa>/<file_name>.odex
+    snprintf(path, PKG_PATH_MAX, "%s/%s/%s.odex", oat_dir, instruction_set, file_name);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Computes the odex file for the given apk_path and instruction_set.
+ * /system/framework/whatever.jar -> /system/framework/oat/<isa>/whatever.odex
+ *
+ * Returns false if it failed to determine the odex file path.
+ */
+bool calculate_odex_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                              const char *apk_path,
+                              const char *instruction_set) {
+    if (strlen(apk_path) + strlen("oat/") + strlen(instruction_set)
+            + strlen("/") + strlen("odex") + 1 > PKG_PATH_MAX) {
+        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' may be too long to form odex file path.\n", apk_path);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    strcpy(path, apk_path);
+    char *end = strrchr(path, '/');
+    if (end == NULL) {
+        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no '/'s in it?!\n", apk_path);
+        return false;
+    }
+    const char *apk_end = apk_path + (end - path); // strrchr(apk_path, '/');
+
+    strcpy(end + 1, "oat/");       // path = /system/framework/oat/\0
+    strcat(path, instruction_set); // path = /system/framework/oat/<isa>\0
+    strcat(path, apk_end);         // path = /system/framework/oat/<isa>/whatever.jar\0
+    end = strrchr(path, '.');
+    if (end == NULL) {
+        ALOGE("apk_path '%s' has no extension.\n", apk_path);
+        return false;
+    }
+    strcpy(end + 1, "odex");
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool create_cache_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                       const char *src,
+                       const char *instruction_set) {
+    size_t srclen = strlen(src);
+
+        /* demand that we are an absolute path */
+    if ((src == 0) || (src[0] != '/') || strstr(src,"..")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (srclen > PKG_PATH_MAX) {        // XXX: PKG_NAME_MAX?
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t dstlen =
+        android_data_dir.len +
+        strlen(DALVIK_CACHE) +
+        1 +
+        strlen(instruction_set) +
+        srclen +
+        strlen(DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX) + 2;
+
+    if (dstlen > PKG_PATH_MAX) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    sprintf(path,"%s%s/%s/%s%s",
+            android_data_dir.path,
+            DALVIK_CACHE,
+            instruction_set,
+            src + 1, /* skip the leading / */
+            DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX);
+
+    char* tmp =
+            path +
+            android_data_dir.len +
+            strlen(DALVIK_CACHE) +
+            1 +
+            strlen(instruction_set) + 1;
+
+    for(; *tmp; tmp++) {
+        if (*tmp == '/') {
+            *tmp = '@';
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
 static char* parse_null(char* arg) {
     if (strcmp(arg, "!") == 0) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -35,59 +183,59 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int do_ping(char **arg __unused, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_ping(char **arg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int do_install(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_install(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return install(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2]), atoi(arg[3]), arg[4]); /* uuid, pkgname, uid, gid, seinfo */
 }
 
-static int do_dexopt(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_dexopt(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     /* apk_path, uid, pkgname, instruction_set, dexopt_needed, oat_dir, dexopt_flags */
     return dexopt(arg[0], atoi(arg[1]), arg[2], arg[3], atoi(arg[4]),
                   arg[5], atoi(arg[6]));
 }
 
-static int do_mark_boot_complete(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_mark_boot_complete(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return mark_boot_complete(arg[0] /* instruction set */);
 }
 
-static int do_move_dex(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_move_dex(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return move_dex(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]); /* src, dst, instruction_set */
 }
 
-static int do_rm_dex(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_dex(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return rm_dex(arg[0], arg[1]); /* pkgname, instruction_set */
 }
 
-static int do_remove(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_remove(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return uninstall(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2])); /* uuid, pkgname, userid */
 }
 
-static int do_fixuid(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_fixuid(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return fix_uid(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2]), atoi(arg[3])); /* uuid, pkgname, uid, gid */
 }
 
-static int do_free_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused) /* TODO int:free_size */
+static int do_free_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) /* TODO int:free_size */
 {
     return free_cache(parse_null(arg[0]), (int64_t)atoll(arg[1])); /* uuid, free_size */
 }
 
-static int do_rm_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return delete_cache(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2])); /* uuid, pkgname, userid */
 }
 
-static int do_rm_code_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_code_cache(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return delete_code_cache(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2])); /* uuid, pkgname, userid */
 }
@@ -113,67 +261,67 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-static int do_rm_user_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_user_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return delete_user_data(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2])); /* uuid, pkgname, userid */
 }
 
-static int do_cp_complete_app(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_cp_complete_app(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     // from_uuid, to_uuid, package_name, data_app_name, appid, seinfo
     return copy_complete_app(parse_null(arg[0]), parse_null(arg[1]), arg[2], arg[3], atoi(arg[4]), arg[5]);
 }
 
-static int do_mk_user_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_mk_user_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return make_user_data(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], atoi(arg[2]), atoi(arg[3]), arg[4]);
                              /* uuid, pkgname, uid, userid, seinfo */
 }
 
-static int do_mk_user_config(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_mk_user_config(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return make_user_config(atoi(arg[0])); /* userid */
 }
 
-static int do_rm_user(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_user(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return delete_user(parse_null(arg[0]), atoi(arg[1])); /* uuid, userid */
 }
 
-static int do_movefiles(char **arg __unused, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_movefiles(char **arg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return movefiles();
 }
 
-static int do_linklib(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_linklib(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return linklib(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], arg[2], atoi(arg[3]));
 }
 
-static int do_idmap(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_idmap(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return idmap(arg[0], arg[1], atoi(arg[2]));
 }
 
-static int do_restorecon_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __attribute__((unused)))
+static int do_restorecon_data(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     return restorecon_data(parse_null(arg[0]), arg[1], arg[2], atoi(arg[3]));
                              /* uuid, pkgName, seinfo, uid*/
 }
 
-static int do_create_oat_dir(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_create_oat_dir(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     /* oat_dir, instruction_set */
     return create_oat_dir(arg[0], arg[1]);
 }
 
-static int do_rm_package_dir(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_rm_package_dir(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     /* oat_dir */
     return rm_package_dir(arg[0]);
 }
 
-static int do_link_file(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] __unused)
+static int do_link_file(char **arg, char reply[REPLY_MAX] ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     /* relative_path, from_base, to_base */
     return link_file(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2]);
@@ -314,97 +462,22 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-/**
- * Initialize all the global variables that are used elsewhere. Returns 0 upon
- * success and -1 on error.
- */
-void free_globals() {
-    size_t i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < android_system_dirs.count; i++) {
-        if (android_system_dirs.dirs[i].path != NULL) {
-            free(android_system_dirs.dirs[i].path);
-        }
+bool initialize_globals() {
+    const char* data_path = getenv("ANDROID_DATA");
+    if (data_path == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Could not find ANDROID_DATA");
+        return false;
+    }
+    const char* root_path = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
+    if (root_path == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Could not find ANDROID_ROOT");
+        return false;
     }
 
-    free(android_system_dirs.dirs);
+    return init_globals_from_data_and_root(data_path, root_path);
 }
 
-int initialize_globals() {
-    // Get the android data directory.
-    if (get_path_from_env(&android_data_dir, "ANDROID_DATA") < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android app directory.
-    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android protected app directory.
-    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_private_dir, &android_data_dir, PRIVATE_APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android ephemeral app directory.
-    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_ephemeral_dir, &android_data_dir, EPHEMERAL_APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android app native library directory.
-    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_lib_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_LIB_SUBDIR) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the sd-card ASEC mount point.
-    if (get_path_from_env(&android_asec_dir, "ASEC_MOUNTPOINT") < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android media directory.
-    if (copy_and_append(&android_media_dir, &android_data_dir, MEDIA_SUBDIR) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Get the android external app directory.
-    if (get_path_from_string(&android_mnt_expand_dir, "/mnt/expand/") < 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Take note of the system and vendor directories.
-    android_system_dirs.count = 5;
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs = (dir_rec_t*) calloc(android_system_dirs.count, sizeof(dir_rec_t));
-    if (android_system_dirs.dirs == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Couldn't allocate array for dirs; aborting\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    dir_rec_t android_root_dir;
-    if (get_path_from_env(&android_root_dir, "ANDROID_ROOT") < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Missing ANDROID_ROOT; aborting\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, APP_SUBDIR);
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path);
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, PRIV_APP_SUBDIR);
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path);
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path = strdup("/vendor/app/");
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path);
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path = strdup("/oem/app/");
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path);
-
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[4].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, EPHEMERAL_APP_SUBDIR);
-    android_system_dirs.dirs[4].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[4].path);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int initialize_directories() {
+static int initialize_directories() {
     int res = -1;
 
     // Read current filesystem layout version to handle upgrade paths
@@ -658,7 +731,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int main(const int argc __unused, char *argv[]) {
+static int installd_main(const int argc ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, char *argv[]) {
     char buf[BUFFER_MAX];
     struct sockaddr addr;
     socklen_t alen;
@@ -674,7 +747,7 @@
     cb.func_log = log_callback;
     selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);
 
-    if (initialize_globals() < 0) {
+    if (!initialize_globals()) {
         ALOGE("Could not initialize globals; exiting.\n");
         exit(1);
     }
@@ -736,3 +809,10 @@
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+int main(const int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    return android::installd::installd_main(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/cmds/installd/installd.h b/cmds/installd/installd.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 8662417..0000000
--- a/cmds/installd/installd.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-/*
-**
-** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
-**
-** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-** You may obtain a copy of the License at
-**
-**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-**
-** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-** limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#define LOG_TAG "installd"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <utime.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <cutils/fs.h>
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
-#include <cutils/log.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/multiuser.h>
-
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__)
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#else
-#include <sys/statfs.h>
-#endif
-
-#define SOCKET_PATH "installd"
-
-
-/* elements combined with a valid package name to form paths */
-
-#define PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX    "data/"
-#define SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX  "user/"
-
-#define PKG_DIR_POSTFIX        ""
-
-#define PKG_LIB_POSTFIX        "/lib"
-
-#define CACHE_DIR_POSTFIX      "/cache"
-#define CODE_CACHE_DIR_POSTFIX "/code_cache"
-
-#define APP_SUBDIR             "app/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-#define PRIV_APP_SUBDIR        "priv-app/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-#define EPHEMERAL_APP_SUBDIR   "app-ephemeral/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-
-#define APP_LIB_SUBDIR         "app-lib/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-
-#define MEDIA_SUBDIR           "media/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-
-/* other handy constants */
-
-#define PRIVATE_APP_SUBDIR     "app-private/" // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
-
-#define DALVIK_CACHE_PREFIX    "/data/dalvik-cache/"
-#define DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX   "/classes.dex"
-
-#define UPDATE_COMMANDS_DIR_PREFIX  "/system/etc/updatecmds/"
-
-#define IDMAP_PREFIX           "/data/resource-cache/"
-#define IDMAP_SUFFIX           "@idmap"
-
-#define PKG_NAME_MAX  128   /* largest allowed package name */
-#define PKG_PATH_MAX  256   /* max size of any path we use */
-
-/* dexopt needed flags matching those in dalvik.system.DexFile */
-#define DEXOPT_DEX2OAT_NEEDED        1
-#define DEXOPT_PATCHOAT_NEEDED       2
-#define DEXOPT_SELF_PATCHOAT_NEEDED  3
-
-/****************************************************************************
- * IMPORTANT: These values are passed from Java code. Keep them in sync with
- * frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/Installer.java
- ***************************************************************************/
-constexpr int DEXOPT_PUBLIC       = 1 << 1;
-constexpr int DEXOPT_SAFEMODE     = 1 << 2;
-constexpr int DEXOPT_DEBUGGABLE   = 1 << 3;
-constexpr int DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE = 1 << 4;
-constexpr int DEXOPT_USEJIT       = 1 << 5;
-
-/* all known values for dexopt flags */
-constexpr int DEXOPT_MASK =
-    DEXOPT_PUBLIC
-    | DEXOPT_SAFEMODE
-    | DEXOPT_DEBUGGABLE
-    | DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE
-    | DEXOPT_USEJIT;
-
-#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
-
-/* data structures */
-
-typedef struct {
-    char* path;
-    size_t len;
-} dir_rec_t;
-
-typedef struct {
-    size_t count;
-    dir_rec_t* dirs;
-} dir_rec_array_t;
-
-extern dir_rec_t android_app_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_app_private_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_app_ephemeral_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_app_lib_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_data_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_asec_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_media_dir;
-extern dir_rec_t android_mnt_expand_dir;
-extern dir_rec_array_t android_system_dirs;
-
-typedef struct cache_dir_struct {
-    struct cache_dir_struct* parent;
-    int32_t childCount;
-    int32_t hiddenCount;
-    int32_t deleted;
-    char name[];
-} cache_dir_t;
-
-typedef struct {
-    cache_dir_t* dir;
-    time_t modTime;
-    char name[];
-} cache_file_t;
-
-typedef struct {
-    size_t numDirs;
-    size_t availDirs;
-    cache_dir_t** dirs;
-    size_t numFiles;
-    size_t availFiles;
-    cache_file_t** files;
-    size_t numCollected;
-    void* memBlocks;
-    int8_t* curMemBlockAvail;
-    int8_t* curMemBlockEnd;
-} cache_t;
-
-/* util.c */
-
-int create_pkg_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
-                    const char *pkgname,
-                    const char *postfix,
-                    userid_t userid);
-
-std::string create_data_path(const char* volume_uuid);
-
-std::string create_data_app_path(const char* volume_uuid);
-
-std::string create_data_app_package_path(const char* volume_uuid, const char* package_name);
-
-// TODO: finish refactoring to "_ce"
-std::string create_data_user_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
-std::string create_data_user_de_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
-
-std::string create_data_user_package_path(const char* volume_uuid,
-        userid_t user, const char* package_name);
-std::string create_data_user_de_package_path(const char* volume_uuid,
-        userid_t user, const char* package_name);
-
-std::string create_data_media_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
-
-std::vector<userid_t> get_known_users(const char* volume_uuid);
-
-int create_user_config_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], userid_t userid);
-
-int create_move_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
-                     const char* pkgname,
-                     const char* leaf,
-                     userid_t userid);
-
-int is_valid_package_name(const char* pkgname);
-
-int create_cache_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *src,
-                      const char *instruction_set);
-
-int delete_dir_contents(const std::string& pathname);
-int delete_dir_contents_and_dir(const std::string& pathname);
-
-int delete_dir_contents(const char *pathname,
-                        int also_delete_dir,
-                        int (*exclusion_predicate)(const char *name, const int is_dir));
-
-int delete_dir_contents_fd(int dfd, const char *name);
-
-int copy_dir_files(const char *srcname, const char *dstname, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
-
-int lookup_media_dir(char basepath[PATH_MAX], const char *dir);
-
-int64_t data_disk_free(const std::string& data_path);
-
-cache_t* start_cache_collection();
-
-void add_cache_files(cache_t* cache, const char *basepath, const char *cachedir);
-
-void clear_cache_files(const std::string& data_path, cache_t* cache, int64_t free_size);
-
-void finish_cache_collection(cache_t* cache);
-
-int validate_system_app_path(const char* path);
-
-int get_path_from_env(dir_rec_t* rec, const char* var);
-
-int get_path_from_string(dir_rec_t* rec, const char* path);
-
-int copy_and_append(dir_rec_t* dst, const dir_rec_t* src, const char* suffix);
-
-int validate_apk_path(const char *path);
-int validate_apk_path_subdirs(const char *path);
-
-int append_and_increment(char** dst, const char* src, size_t* dst_size);
-
-char *build_string2(const char *s1, const char *s2);
-char *build_string3(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s3);
-
-int ensure_dir(const char* path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-int ensure_media_user_dirs(const char* uuid, userid_t userid);
-int ensure_config_user_dirs(userid_t userid);
-
-/* commands.c */
-
-int install(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char *seinfo);
-int uninstall(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
-int renamepkg(const char *oldpkgname, const char *newpkgname);
-int fix_uid(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-int delete_user_data(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
-int make_user_data(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, uid_t uid,
-        userid_t userid, const char* seinfo);
-int copy_complete_app(const char* from_uuid, const char *to_uuid,
-        const char *package_name, const char *data_app_name, appid_t appid,
-        const char* seinfo);
-int make_user_config(userid_t userid);
-int delete_user(const char *uuid, userid_t userid);
-int delete_cache(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
-int delete_code_cache(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, userid_t userid);
-int move_dex(const char *src, const char *dst, const char *instruction_set);
-int rm_dex(const char *path, const char *instruction_set);
-int protect(char *pkgname, gid_t gid);
-int get_size(const char *uuid, const char *pkgname, int userid,
-        const char *apkpath, const char *libdirpath,
-        const char *fwdlock_apkpath, const char *asecpath,
-        const char *instruction_set, int64_t *codesize, int64_t *datasize,
-        int64_t *cachesize, int64_t *asecsize);
-int free_cache(const char *uuid, int64_t free_size);
-int dexopt(const char *apk_path, uid_t uid, const char *pkgName, const char *instruction_set,
-           int dexopt_needed, const char* oat_dir, int dexopt_flags);
-int mark_boot_complete(const char *instruction_set);
-int movefiles();
-int linklib(const char* uuid, const char* pkgname, const char* asecLibDir, int userId);
-int idmap(const char *target_path, const char *overlay_path, uid_t uid);
-int restorecon_data(const char *uuid, const char* pkgName, const char* seinfo, uid_t uid);
-int create_oat_dir(const char* oat_dir, const char *instruction_set);
-int rm_package_dir(const char* apk_path);
-int calculate_oat_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *oat_dir, const char *apk_path,
-                            const char *instruction_set);
-int move_package_dir(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], const char *oat_dir, const char *apk_path,
-                            const char *instruction_set);
-int link_file(const char *relative_path, const char *from_base, const char *to_base);
diff --git a/cmds/installd/installd_constants.h b/cmds/installd/installd_constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..058db4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/installd_constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INSTALLD_CONSTANTS_H_
+#define INSTALLD_CONSTANTS_H_
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+/* elements combined with a valid package name to form paths */
+
+constexpr const char* PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX = "data/";
+constexpr const char* SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX = "user/";
+
+constexpr const char* PKG_DIR_POSTFIX = "";
+
+constexpr const char* PKG_LIB_POSTFIX = "/lib";
+
+constexpr const char* CACHE_DIR_POSTFIX = "/cache";
+constexpr const char* CODE_CACHE_DIR_POSTFIX = "/code_cache";
+
+constexpr const char* APP_SUBDIR = "app/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+constexpr const char* PRIV_APP_SUBDIR = "priv-app/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+constexpr const char* EPHEMERAL_APP_SUBDIR = "app-ephemeral/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+
+constexpr const char* APP_LIB_SUBDIR = "app-lib/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+
+constexpr const char* MEDIA_SUBDIR = "media/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+
+/* other handy constants */
+
+constexpr const char* PRIVATE_APP_SUBDIR = "app-private/"; // sub-directory under ANDROID_DATA
+
+// This is used as a string literal, can't be constants. TODO: std::string...
+#define DALVIK_CACHE "dalvik-cache"
+constexpr const char* DALVIK_CACHE_POSTFIX = "/classes.dex";
+
+constexpr const char* UPDATE_COMMANDS_DIR_PREFIX = "/system/etc/updatecmds/";
+
+constexpr const char* IDMAP_PREFIX = "/data/resource-cache/";
+constexpr const char* IDMAP_SUFFIX = "@idmap";
+
+constexpr size_t PKG_NAME_MAX = 128u;   /* largest allowed package name */
+constexpr size_t PKG_PATH_MAX = 256u;   /* max size of any path we use */
+
+/* dexopt needed flags matching those in dalvik.system.DexFile */
+constexpr int DEXOPT_DEX2OAT_NEEDED       = 1;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_PATCHOAT_NEEDED      = 2;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_SELF_PATCHOAT_NEEDED = 3;
+
+/****************************************************************************
+ * IMPORTANT: These values are passed from Java code. Keep them in sync with
+ * frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/Installer.java
+ ***************************************************************************/
+constexpr int DEXOPT_PUBLIC       = 1 << 1;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_SAFEMODE     = 1 << 2;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_DEBUGGABLE   = 1 << 3;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE = 1 << 4;
+constexpr int DEXOPT_USEJIT       = 1 << 5;
+
+/* all known values for dexopt flags */
+constexpr int DEXOPT_MASK =
+    DEXOPT_PUBLIC
+    | DEXOPT_SAFEMODE
+    | DEXOPT_DEBUGGABLE
+    | DEXOPT_BOOTCOMPLETE
+    | DEXOPT_USEJIT;
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // INSTALLD_CONSTANTS_H_
diff --git a/cmds/installd/installd_deps.h b/cmds/installd/installd_deps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff46e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/installd_deps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INSTALLD_DEPS_H_
+#define INSTALLD_DEPS_H_
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <installd_constants.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+// Dependencies for a full binary. These functions need to be provided to
+// figure out parts of the configuration.
+
+// Retrieve a system property. Same API as cutils, just renamed.
+extern int get_property(const char *key,
+                        char *value,
+                        const char *default_value);
+// Size constants. Should be checked to be equal to the cutils requirements.
+constexpr size_t kPropertyKeyMax = 32u;
+constexpr size_t kPropertyValueMax = 92u;
+
+// Compute the output path for dex2oat.
+extern bool calculate_oat_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                                    const char *oat_dir,
+                                    const char *apk_path,
+                                    const char *instruction_set);
+// Compute the output path for patchoat.
+//
+// Computes the odex file for the given apk_path and instruction_set, e.g.,
+// /system/framework/whatever.jar -> /system/framework/oat/<isa>/whatever.odex
+//
+// Returns false if it failed to determine the odex file path.
+//
+extern bool calculate_odex_file_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                                     const char *apk_path,
+                                     const char *instruction_set);
+
+// Compute the output path into the dalvik cache.
+extern bool create_cache_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                              const char *src,
+                              const char *instruction_set);
+
+// Initialize globals. May be implemented with the helper in globals.h.
+extern bool initialize_globals();
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // INSTALLD_DEPS_H_
diff --git a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
index 5e397f9..ff69f4b 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/tests/installd_utils_test.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "installd.h"
+#include <commands.h>
+#include <globals.h>
+#include <utils.h>
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "utils_test"
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@
         "shared_prefs_shared_prefs_shared_prefs_shared_prefs_shared_prefs_shared_prefs_"
 
 namespace android {
+namespace installd {
 
 class UtilsTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
@@ -319,8 +322,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, create_pkg_path(path, pkgname, "", 0))
             << "Should successfully be able to create package name.";
 
-    const char *prefix = TEST_DATA_DIR PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX;
-    size_t offset = strlen(prefix);
+    std::string prefix = std::string(TEST_DATA_DIR) + PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX;
+    size_t offset = prefix.length();
 
     EXPECT_STREQ(pkgname, path + offset)
              << "Package path should be a really long string of a's";
@@ -358,7 +361,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, create_pkg_path(path, "com.example.package", "", 0))
             << "Should return error because postfix is too long.";
 
-    EXPECT_STREQ(TEST_DATA_DIR PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX "com.example.package", path)
+    std::string p = std::string(TEST_DATA_DIR)
+                    + PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX
+                    + "com.example.package";
+    EXPECT_STREQ(p.c_str(), path)
             << "Package path should be in /data/data/";
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +374,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, create_pkg_path(path, "com.example.package", "", 1))
             << "Should successfully create package path.";
 
-    EXPECT_STREQ(TEST_DATA_DIR SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX "1/com.example.package", path)
+    std::string p = std::string(TEST_DATA_DIR)
+                    + SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX
+                    + "1/com.example.package";
+    EXPECT_STREQ(p.c_str(), path)
             << "Package path should be in /data/user/";
 }
 
@@ -499,4 +508,5 @@
             create_data_user_package_path("57f8f4bc-abf4-655f-bf67-946fc0f9f25b", 10, "com.example"));
 }
 
-}
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils.cpp b/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
index 750a136..92a9565 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils.cpp
@@ -14,15 +14,38 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-#include "installd.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#else
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
+#include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+#include "globals.h"  // extern variables.
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "installd"
+#endif
 #define CACHE_NOISY(x) //x
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
 /**
  * Check that given string is valid filename, and that it attempts no
  * parent or child directory traversal.
@@ -184,7 +207,7 @@
 int create_move_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
     const char* pkgname,
     const char* leaf,
-    userid_t userid __unused)
+    userid_t userid ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
     if ((android_data_dir.len + strlen(PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX) + strlen(pkgname) + strlen(leaf) + 1)
             >= PKG_PATH_MAX) {
@@ -1170,3 +1193,32 @@
 
    return 0;
 }
+
+int wait_child(pid_t pid)
+{
+    int status;
+    pid_t got_pid;
+
+    while (1) {
+        got_pid = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+        if (got_pid == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
+            printf("waitpid interrupted, retrying\n");
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (got_pid != pid) {
+        ALOGW("waitpid failed: wanted %d, got %d: %s\n",
+            (int) pid, (int) got_pid, strerror(errno));
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return status;      /* always nonzero */
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils.h b/cmds/installd/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d6b66e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2008, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef UTILS_H_
+#define UTILS_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+
+#include <cutils/multiuser.h>
+
+#include <installd_constants.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace installd {
+
+struct dir_rec_t;
+
+typedef struct cache_dir_struct {
+    struct cache_dir_struct* parent;
+    int32_t childCount;
+    int32_t hiddenCount;
+    int32_t deleted;
+    char name[];
+} cache_dir_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    cache_dir_t* dir;
+    time_t modTime;
+    char name[];
+} cache_file_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    size_t numDirs;
+    size_t availDirs;
+    cache_dir_t** dirs;
+    size_t numFiles;
+    size_t availFiles;
+    cache_file_t** files;
+    size_t numCollected;
+    void* memBlocks;
+    int8_t* curMemBlockAvail;
+    int8_t* curMemBlockEnd;
+} cache_t;
+
+int create_pkg_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                    const char *pkgname,
+                    const char *postfix,
+                    userid_t userid);
+
+std::string create_data_path(const char* volume_uuid);
+
+std::string create_data_app_path(const char* volume_uuid);
+
+std::string create_data_app_package_path(const char* volume_uuid, const char* package_name);
+
+// TODO: finish refactoring to "_ce"
+std::string create_data_user_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
+std::string create_data_user_de_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
+
+std::string create_data_user_package_path(const char* volume_uuid,
+        userid_t user, const char* package_name);
+std::string create_data_user_de_package_path(const char* volume_uuid,
+        userid_t user, const char* package_name);
+
+std::string create_data_media_path(const char* volume_uuid, userid_t userid);
+
+std::vector<userid_t> get_known_users(const char* volume_uuid);
+
+int create_user_config_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX], userid_t userid);
+
+int create_move_path(char path[PKG_PATH_MAX],
+                     const char* pkgname,
+                     const char* leaf,
+                     userid_t userid);
+
+int is_valid_package_name(const char* pkgname);
+
+int delete_dir_contents(const std::string& pathname);
+int delete_dir_contents_and_dir(const std::string& pathname);
+
+int delete_dir_contents(const char *pathname,
+                        int also_delete_dir,
+                        int (*exclusion_predicate)(const char *name, const int is_dir));
+
+int delete_dir_contents_fd(int dfd, const char *name);
+
+int copy_dir_files(const char *srcname, const char *dstname, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
+
+int lookup_media_dir(char basepath[PATH_MAX], const char *dir);
+
+int64_t data_disk_free(const std::string& data_path);
+
+cache_t* start_cache_collection();
+
+void add_cache_files(cache_t* cache, const char *basepath, const char *cachedir);
+
+void clear_cache_files(const std::string& data_path, cache_t* cache, int64_t free_size);
+
+void finish_cache_collection(cache_t* cache);
+
+int validate_system_app_path(const char* path);
+
+int get_path_from_env(dir_rec_t* rec, const char* var);
+
+int get_path_from_string(dir_rec_t* rec, const char* path);
+
+int copy_and_append(dir_rec_t* dst, const dir_rec_t* src, const char* suffix);
+
+int validate_apk_path(const char *path);
+int validate_apk_path_subdirs(const char *path);
+
+int append_and_increment(char** dst, const char* src, size_t* dst_size);
+
+char *build_string2(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+char *build_string3(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *s3);
+
+int ensure_dir(const char* path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int ensure_media_user_dirs(const char* uuid, userid_t userid);
+int ensure_config_user_dirs(userid_t userid);
+
+int wait_child(pid_t pid);
+
+}  // namespace installd
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // UTILS_H_