libbinder: Add binder::Status type

This object implements equivalent functionality to the Java logic which
serializes and re-throws exceptions from services.

Bug: 25615695
Test: Integration test for generated AIDL code reveals this to work
      correctly.

Change-Id: Ic80c9def0dd232582ea9c49717ec50894af6bfc2
diff --git a/include/binder/Status.h b/include/binder/Status.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04738f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/binder/Status.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_BINDER_STATUS_H
+#define ANDROID_BINDER_STATUS_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <utils/String8.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace binder {
+
+// An object similar in function to a status_t except that it understands
+// how exceptions are encoded in the prefix of a Parcel. Used like:
+//
+//     Parcel data;
+//     Parcel reply;
+//     status_t status;
+//     binder::Status remote_exception;
+//     if ((status = data.writeInterfaceToken(interface_descriptor)) != OK ||
+//         (status = data.writeInt32(function_input)) != OK) {
+//         // We failed to write into the memory of our local parcel?
+//     }
+//     if ((status = remote()->transact(transaction, data, &reply)) != OK) {
+//        // Something has gone wrong in the binder driver or libbinder.
+//     }
+//     if ((status = remote_exception.readFromParcel(reply)) != OK) {
+//         // The remote didn't correctly write the exception header to the
+//         // reply.
+//     }
+//     if (!remote_exception.isOk()) {
+//         // The transaction went through correctly, but the remote reported an
+//         // exception during handling.
+//     }
+//
+class Status final {
+public:
+    // Keep the exception codes in sync with android/os/Parcel.java.
+    enum Exception {
+        EX_NONE = 0,
+        EX_SECURITY = -1,
+        EX_BAD_PARCELABLE = -2,
+        EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT = -3,
+        EX_NULL_POINTER = -4,
+        EX_ILLEGAL_STATE = -5,
+        EX_NETWORK_MAIN_THREAD = -6,
+        EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = -7,
+        EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED = -8,
+
+        // This is special and Java specific; see Parcel.java.
+        EX_HAS_REPLY_HEADER = -128,
+    };
+
+    // Allow authors to explicitly pick whether their integer is a status_t or
+    // exception code.
+    static Status fromExceptionCode(int32_t exception_code);
+    static Status fromStatusT(status_t status);
+    // A more readable alias for the default constructor.
+    static Status ok();
+
+    Status() = default;
+    Status(int32_t exception_code, const String8& message);
+    Status(int32_t exception_code, const char* message);
+
+
+    // Status objects are copyable and contain just simple data.
+    Status(const Status& status) = default;
+    Status(Status&& status) = default;
+    Status& operator=(const Status& status) = default;
+
+    ~Status() = default;
+
+    // Bear in mind that if the client or service is a Java endpoint, this
+    // is not the logic which will provide/interpret the data here.
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel& parcel);
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const;
+
+    // Set one of the pre-defined exception types defined above.
+    void setException(int32_t ex, const String8& message);
+    // A few of the status_t values map to exception codes, but most of them
+    // simply map to "transaction failed."
+    void setFromStatusT(status_t status);
+
+    // Get information about an exception.
+    // Any argument may be given as nullptr.
+    void getException(int32_t* returned_exception,
+                      String8* returned_message) const;
+    int32_t exceptionCode() const  { return mException; }
+    const String8& exceptionMessage() const { return mMessage; }
+
+    bool isOk() const { return mException == EX_NONE; }
+
+    // For logging.
+    String8 toString8() const;
+
+private:
+    // We always write |mException| to the parcel.
+    // If |mException| !=  EX_NONE, we write message as well.
+    int32_t mException = EX_NONE;
+    String8 mMessage;
+};  // class Status
+
+}  // namespace binder
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_BINDER_STATUS_H