diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 952643c..3883427 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -118,6 +118,14 @@
     }
 }
 
+Scheduler::Scheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync> primaryDispSync,
+                     std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> eventControlThread,
+                     const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs)
+      : mHasSyncFramework(false),
+        mPrimaryDispSync(std::move(primaryDispSync)),
+        mEventControlThread(std::move(eventControlThread)),
+        mRefreshRateConfigs(configs) {}
+
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
     // Ensure the OneShotTimer threads are joined before we start destroying state.
     mDisplayPowerTimer.reset();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 0d9d7aa..5905ff6 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@
     enum class TimerState { Reset, Expired };
     enum class TouchState { Inactive, Active };
 
+    // Used by tests to inject mocks.
+    Scheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync>, std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread>,
+              const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs&);
+
     // Creates a connection on the given EventThread and forwards the given callbacks.
     sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(EventThread*, ResyncCallback&&,
                                                        ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 47243a9..82dd3c7 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #include "ColorLayer.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 
-#include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
 #include "mock/MockDispSync.h"
@@ -95,10 +94,6 @@
         mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
         setupScheduler();
 
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mPrimaryDispSync, computeNextRefresh(0)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mPrimaryDispSync, getPeriod())
-                .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE));
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mPrimaryDispSync, expectedPresentTime()).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
         EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_WIDTH, _))
                 .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(SetArgPointee<1>(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH), Return(0)));
         EXPECT_CALL(*mNativeWindow, query(NATIVE_WINDOW_HEIGHT, _))
@@ -125,15 +120,22 @@
     }
 
     void setupScheduler() {
-        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
-        mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
-        mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
-        EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread.get(), registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
-        sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> connectionHandle =
-                mScheduler->addConnection(std::move(mEventThread));
-        mFlinger.mutableSfConnectionHandle() = std::move(connectionHandle);
+        auto eventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
+        auto sfEventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
 
-        mFlinger.mutableScheduler().reset(mScheduler);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*eventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*sfEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
+
+        auto primaryDispSync = std::make_unique<mock::DispSync>();
+
+        EXPECT_CALL(*primaryDispSync, computeNextRefresh(0)).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*primaryDispSync, getPeriod())
+                .WillRepeatedly(Return(FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_REFRESH_RATE));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*primaryDispSync, expectedPresentTime()).WillRepeatedly(Return(0));
+
+        mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::move(primaryDispSync),
+                                std::make_unique<mock::EventControlThread>(),
+                                std::move(eventThread), std::move(sfEventThread));
     }
 
     void setupForceGeometryDirty() {
@@ -157,7 +159,6 @@
 
     std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability> mDefaultCapabilities = {HWC2::Capability::SidebandStream};
 
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
     sp<DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
     sp<DisplayDevice> mExternalDisplay;
@@ -168,13 +169,9 @@
     sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
     ANativeWindowBuffer* mNativeWindowBuffer = mBuffer->getNativeBuffer();
 
-    std::unique_ptr<mock::EventThread> mEventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
-    mock::EventControlThread* mEventControlThread = new mock::EventControlThread();
-
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
     renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
     mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
-    mock::DispSync* mPrimaryDispSync = new mock::DispSync();
 
     sp<Fence> mClientTargetAcquireFence = Fence::NO_FENCE;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 5f58e7d..8f6f3ec 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -95,11 +95,10 @@
     DisplayTransactionTest();
     ~DisplayTransactionTest() override;
 
-    void setupScheduler();
-
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Mock/Fake injection
 
+    void injectMockScheduler();
     void injectMockComposer(int virtualDisplayCount);
     void injectFakeBufferQueueFactory();
     void injectFakeNativeWindowSurfaceFactory();
@@ -119,11 +118,7 @@
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Test instances
 
-    TestableScheduler* mScheduler;
     TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
-    mock::EventThread* mEventThread = new mock::EventThread();
-    mock::EventThread* mSFEventThread = new mock::EventThread();
-    mock::EventControlThread* mEventControlThread = new mock::EventControlThread();
     sp<mock::NativeWindow> mNativeWindow = new mock::NativeWindow();
     sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer = new GraphicBuffer();
 
@@ -134,7 +129,11 @@
     Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
     mock::MessageQueue* mMessageQueue = new mock::MessageQueue();
     mock::SurfaceInterceptor* mSurfaceInterceptor = new mock::SurfaceInterceptor();
-    mock::DispSync* mPrimaryDispSync = new mock::DispSync();
+
+    mock::DispSync* mPrimaryDispSync = new mock::DispSync;
+    mock::EventControlThread* mEventControlThread = new mock::EventControlThread;
+    mock::EventThread* mEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
+    mock::EventThread* mSFEventThread = new mock::EventThread;
 
     // These mocks are created only when expected to be created via a factory.
     sp<mock::GraphicBufferConsumer> mConsumer;
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
         return nullptr;
     });
 
-    setupScheduler();
+    injectMockScheduler();
     mFlinger.mutableEventQueue().reset(mMessageQueue);
     mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
     mFlinger.mutableInterceptor().reset(mSurfaceInterceptor);
@@ -178,20 +177,14 @@
     ALOGD("**** Tearing down after %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 }
 
-void DisplayTransactionTest::setupScheduler() {
-    mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
-    mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
-    mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
+void DisplayTransactionTest::injectMockScheduler() {
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mSFEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
 
-    sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> sfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->addConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mSFEventThread));
-    mFlinger.mutableSfConnectionHandle() = std::move(sfConnectionHandle);
-    sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> appConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->addConnection(std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mEventThread));
-    mFlinger.mutableAppConnectionHandle() = std::move(appConnectionHandle);
-    mFlinger.mutableScheduler().reset(mScheduler);
+    mFlinger.setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync>(mPrimaryDispSync),
+                            std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread>(mEventControlThread),
+                            std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mEventThread),
+                            std::unique_ptr<EventThread>(mSFEventThread));
 }
 
 void DisplayTransactionTest::injectMockComposer(int virtualDisplayCount) {
@@ -1131,8 +1124,8 @@
     // Preconditions
 
     // vsync is enabled and available
-    mScheduler->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() = true;
-    mScheduler->mutableHWVsyncAvailable() = true;
+    mFlinger.scheduler()->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() = true;
+    mFlinger.scheduler()->mutableHWVsyncAvailable() = true;
 
     // A display exists
     auto existing = Case::Display::makeFakeExistingDisplayInjector(this);
@@ -1156,8 +1149,8 @@
     // Postconditions
 
     // vsyncs should be off and not available.
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mScheduler->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(mScheduler->mutableHWVsyncAvailable());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mFlinger.scheduler()->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(mFlinger.scheduler()->mutableHWVsyncAvailable());
 
     // The display should have been removed from the display map.
     EXPECT_FALSE(hasDisplayDevice(existing.token()));
@@ -3008,7 +3001,7 @@
     }
 
     static void setInitialPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled(DisplayTransactionTest* test, bool enabled) {
-        test->mScheduler->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() = enabled;
+        test->mFlinger.scheduler()->mutablePrimaryHWVsyncEnabled() = enabled;
     }
 
     static void setupRepaintEverythingCallExpectations(DisplayTransactionTest* test) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
index cb6980e..5157cc4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableScheduler.h
@@ -20,15 +20,16 @@
 #include <gui/ISurfaceComposer.h>
 
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
-#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 
 namespace android {
 
 class TestableScheduler : public Scheduler {
 public:
-    TestableScheduler(const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfig)
-          : Scheduler([](bool) {}, refreshRateConfig) {}
+    TestableScheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync> primaryDispSync,
+                      std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> eventControlThread,
+                      const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& configs)
+          : Scheduler(std::move(primaryDispSync), std::move(eventControlThread), configs) {}
 
     // Creates EventThreadConnection with the given eventThread. Creates Scheduler::Connection
     // and adds it to the list of connectins. Returns the ConnectionHandle for the
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
         mutableEventControlThread().reset();
         mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset();
         mConnections.clear();
-    };
+    }
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 64d34ee..97fafcb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerFactory.h"
 #include "SurfaceInterceptor.h"
-
+#include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@
 
 class TestableSurfaceFlinger {
 public:
+    TestableScheduler* scheduler() { return mScheduler; }
+
     // Extend this as needed for accessing SurfaceFlinger private (and public)
     // functions.
 
@@ -188,6 +190,23 @@
                 std::make_unique<impl::HWComposer>(std::move(composer)));
     }
 
+    void setupScheduler(std::unique_ptr<DispSync> primaryDispSync,
+                        std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> eventControlThread,
+                        std::unique_ptr<EventThread> appEventThread,
+                        std::unique_ptr<EventThread> sfEventThread) {
+        mScheduler =
+                new TestableScheduler(std::move(primaryDispSync), std::move(eventControlThread),
+                                      mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs);
+
+        mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle = mScheduler->addConnection(std::move(appEventThread));
+        mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle = mScheduler->addConnection(std::move(sfEventThread));
+
+        mFlinger->mScheduler.reset(mScheduler);
+        mFlinger->mVSyncModulator.emplace(*mScheduler, mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle,
+                                          mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle,
+                                          mFlinger->mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentOffsets());
+    }
+
     using CreateBufferQueueFunction = surfaceflinger::test::Factory::CreateBufferQueueFunction;
     void setCreateBufferQueueFunction(CreateBufferQueueFunction f) {
         mFactory.mCreateBufferQueue = f;
@@ -338,10 +357,6 @@
     auto& mutableHwcPhysicalDisplayIdMap() { return getHwComposer().mPhysicalDisplayIdMap; }
     auto& mutableInternalHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mInternalHwcDisplayId; }
     auto& mutableExternalHwcDisplayId() { return getHwComposer().mExternalHwcDisplayId; }
-    auto& mutableScheduler() { return mFlinger->mScheduler; }
-    auto& mutableAppConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle; }
-    auto& mutableSfConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle; }
-    auto& mutableRefreshRateConfigs() { return mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs; }
 
     ~TestableSurfaceFlinger() {
         // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does
@@ -353,7 +368,6 @@
         mutableDrawingState().displays.clear();
         mutableEventQueue().reset();
         mutableInterceptor().reset();
-        mutableScheduler().reset();
         mFlinger->mCompositionEngine->setHwComposer(std::unique_ptr<HWComposer>());
         mFlinger->mCompositionEngine->setRenderEngine(
                 std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>());
@@ -573,6 +587,7 @@
 
     surfaceflinger::test::Factory mFactory;
     sp<SurfaceFlinger> mFlinger = new SurfaceFlinger(mFactory, SurfaceFlinger::SkipInitialization);
+    TestableScheduler* mScheduler = nullptr;
 
     // We need to keep a reference to these so they are properly destroyed.
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HWC2Display>> mFakeHwcDisplays;