diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
index 3684260..7fa33f5 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <compositionengine/Display.h>
+#include <compositionengine/impl/OutputCompositionState.h>
 #include "DisplayDevice.h"
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
@@ -264,7 +266,22 @@
 }
 } // anonymous namespace
 
-float sampleArea(const uint32_t* data, int32_t stride, const Rect& area) {
+float sampleArea(const uint32_t* data, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t stride,
+                 uint32_t orientation, const Rect& sample_area) {
+    if (!sample_area.isValid() || (sample_area.getWidth() > width) ||
+        (sample_area.getHeight() > height)) {
+        ALOGE("invalid sampling region requested");
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+
+    // (b/133849373) ROT_90 screencap images produced upside down
+    auto area = sample_area;
+    if (orientation & ui::Transform::ROT_90) {
+        area.top = height - area.top;
+        area.bottom = height - area.bottom;
+        std::swap(area.top, area.bottom);
+    }
+
     std::array<int32_t, 256> brightnessBuckets = {};
     const int32_t majoritySampleNum = area.getWidth() * area.getHeight() / 2;
 
@@ -293,18 +310,21 @@
 
 std::vector<float> RegionSamplingThread::sampleBuffer(
         const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const Point& leftTop,
-        const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors) {
+        const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors, uint32_t orientation) {
     void* data_raw = nullptr;
     buffer->lock(GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN, &data_raw);
     std::shared_ptr<uint32_t> data(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(data_raw),
                                    [&buffer](auto) { buffer->unlock(); });
     if (!data) return {};
 
+    const int32_t width = buffer->getWidth();
+    const int32_t height = buffer->getHeight();
     const int32_t stride = buffer->getStride();
     std::vector<float> lumas(descriptors.size());
     std::transform(descriptors.begin(), descriptors.end(), lumas.begin(),
                    [&](auto const& descriptor) {
-                       return sampleArea(data.get(), stride, descriptor.area - leftTop);
+                       return sampleArea(data.get(), width, height, stride, orientation,
+                                         descriptor.area - leftTop);
                    });
     return lumas;
 }
@@ -317,6 +337,11 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    const auto device = mFlinger.getDefaultDisplayDevice();
+    const auto display = device->getCompositionDisplay();
+    const auto state = display->getState();
+    const auto orientation = static_cast<ui::Transform::orientation_flags>(state.orientation);
+
     std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor> descriptors;
     Region sampleRegion;
     for (const auto& [listener, descriptor] : mDescriptors) {
@@ -326,10 +351,28 @@
 
     const Rect sampledArea = sampleRegion.bounds();
 
-    sp<const DisplayDevice> device = mFlinger.getDefaultDisplayDevice();
-    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(device, sampledArea, sampledArea.getWidth(),
-                                 sampledArea.getHeight(), ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB,
-                                 ui::Transform::ROT_0);
+    auto dx = 0;
+    auto dy = 0;
+    switch (orientation) {
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_90:
+            dx = device->getWidth();
+            break;
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_180:
+            dx = device->getWidth();
+            dy = device->getHeight();
+            break;
+        case ui::Transform::ROT_270:
+            dy = device->getHeight();
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    ui::Transform t(orientation);
+    auto screencapRegion = t.transform(sampleRegion);
+    screencapRegion = screencapRegion.translate(dx, dy);
+    DisplayRenderArea renderArea(device, screencapRegion.bounds(), sampledArea.getWidth(),
+                                 sampledArea.getHeight(), ui::Dataspace::V0_SRGB, orientation);
 
     std::unordered_set<sp<IRegionSamplingListener>, SpHash<IRegionSamplingListener>> listeners;
 
@@ -395,8 +438,8 @@
     }
 
     ALOGV("Sampling %zu descriptors", activeDescriptors.size());
-    std::vector<float> lumas = sampleBuffer(buffer, sampledArea.leftTop(), activeDescriptors);
-
+    std::vector<float> lumas =
+            sampleBuffer(buffer, sampledArea.leftTop(), activeDescriptors, orientation);
     if (lumas.size() != activeDescriptors.size()) {
         ALOGW("collected %zu median luma values for %zu descriptors", lumas.size(),
               activeDescriptors.size());
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
index 08134e6..3c6fcf3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RegionSamplingThread.h
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
 class SurfaceFlinger;
 struct SamplingOffsetCallback;
 
-float sampleArea(const uint32_t* data, int32_t stride, const Rect& area);
+float sampleArea(const uint32_t* data, int32_t width, int32_t height, int32_t stride,
+                 uint32_t orientation, const Rect& area);
 
 class RegionSamplingThread : public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
 public:
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
     };
     std::vector<float> sampleBuffer(
             const sp<GraphicBuffer>& buffer, const Point& leftTop,
-            const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors);
+            const std::vector<RegionSamplingThread::Descriptor>& descriptors, uint32_t orientation);
 
     void doSample();
     void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) override;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RegionSamplingTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RegionSamplingTest.cpp
index 51d6d7e..160f041 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RegionSamplingTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RegionSamplingTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "RegionSamplingTest"
 
+#include <ui/Transform.h>
+
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <array>
@@ -33,18 +35,21 @@
     static int constexpr kWidth = 98;
     static int constexpr kStride = 100;
     static int constexpr kHeight = 29;
+    static int constexpr kOrientation = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
     std::array<uint32_t, kHeight * kStride> buffer;
     Rect const whole_area{0, 0, kWidth, kHeight};
 };
 
 TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, calculate_mean_white) {
     std::fill(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), kWhite);
-    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kStride, whole_area), testing::FloatEq(1.0f));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, whole_area),
+                testing::FloatEq(1.0f));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, calculate_mean_black) {
     std::fill(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), kBlack);
-    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kStride, whole_area), testing::FloatEq(0.0f));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, whole_area),
+                testing::FloatEq(0.0f));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, calculate_mean_partial_region) {
@@ -54,7 +59,8 @@
                                  whole_area.top + halfway_down};
     std::fill(buffer.begin(), buffer.begin() + half, 0);
     std::fill(buffer.begin() + half, buffer.end(), kWhite);
-    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kStride, partial_region), testing::FloatEq(0.0f));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, partial_region),
+                testing::FloatEq(0.0f));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, calculate_mean_mixed_values) {
@@ -63,15 +69,71 @@
         n++;
         return pixel;
     });
-    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kStride, whole_area), testing::FloatNear(0.083f, 0.01f));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, whole_area),
+                testing::FloatNear(0.083f, 0.01f));
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, bimodal_tiebreaker) {
     std::generate(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(),
                   [n = 0]() mutable { return (n++ % 2) ? kBlack : kWhite; });
     // presently there's no tiebreaking strategy in place, accept either of the means
-    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kStride, whole_area),
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, whole_area),
                 testing::AnyOf(testing::FloatEq(1.0), testing::FloatEq(0.0f)));
 }
 
+TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, bounds_checking) {
+    std::generate(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(),
+                  [n = 0]() mutable { return (n++ > (kStride * kHeight >> 1)) ? kBlack : kWhite; });
+
+    Rect invalid_region{0, 0, 4, kHeight + 1};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, invalid_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+
+    invalid_region = Rect{0, 0, -4, kHeight};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, invalid_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+
+    invalid_region = Rect{3, 0, 2, 0};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, invalid_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+
+    invalid_region = Rect{0, 3, 0, 2};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, kOrientation, invalid_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+}
+
+// workaround for b/133849373
+TEST_F(RegionSamplingTest, orientation_90) {
+    std::generate(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(),
+                  [n = 0]() mutable { return (n++ > (kStride * kHeight >> 1)) ? kBlack : kWhite; });
+
+    Rect tl_region{0, 0, 4, 4};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
+                           tl_region),
+                testing::Eq(1.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_180,
+                           tl_region),
+                testing::Eq(1.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_90,
+                           tl_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_270,
+                           tl_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+
+    Rect br_region{kWidth - 4, kHeight - 4, kWidth, kHeight};
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_0,
+                           br_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_180,
+                           br_region),
+                testing::Eq(0.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_90,
+                           br_region),
+                testing::Eq(1.0));
+    EXPECT_THAT(sampleArea(buffer.data(), kWidth, kHeight, kStride, ui::Transform::ROT_270,
+                           br_region),
+                testing::Eq(1.0));
+}
+
 } // namespace android