diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
index 8ecdd95..f0b0200 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.cpp
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
     return hasReadyFrame();
 }
 
-bool BufferLayer::onPostComposition(sp<const DisplayDevice> displayDevice,
+bool BufferLayer::onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice* display,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
                                     const CompositorTiming& compositorTiming) {
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@
     const int32_t layerId = getSequence();
     mFlinger->mTimeStats->setDesiredTime(layerId, mCurrentFrameNumber, desiredPresentTime);
 
-    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(displayDevice);
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
     if (outputLayer && outputLayer->requiresClientComposition()) {
         nsecs_t clientCompositionTimestamp = outputLayer->getState().clientCompositionTimestamp;
         mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceTimestamp(layerId, getCurrentBufferId(), mCurrentFrameNumber,
@@ -359,13 +359,15 @@
         mFrameTracker.setFrameReadyTime(desiredPresentTime);
     }
 
-    const auto displayId = displayDevice->getId();
     if (presentFence->isValid()) {
         mFlinger->mTimeStats->setPresentFence(layerId, mCurrentFrameNumber, presentFence);
         mFlinger->mFrameTracer->traceFence(layerId, getCurrentBufferId(), mCurrentFrameNumber,
                                            presentFence, FrameTracer::FrameEvent::PRESENT_FENCE);
         mFrameTracker.setActualPresentFence(std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>(presentFence));
-    } else if (displayId && mFlinger->getHwComposer().isConnected(*displayId)) {
+    } else if (!display) {
+        // Do nothing.
+    } else if (const auto displayId = display->getId();
+               displayId && mFlinger->getHwComposer().isConnected(*displayId)) {
         // The HWC doesn't support present fences, so use the refresh
         // timestamp instead.
         const nsecs_t actualPresentTime = mFlinger->getHwComposer().getRefreshTimestamp(*displayId);
@@ -600,14 +602,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool BufferLayer::needsFiltering(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& displayDevice) const {
-    // If we are not capturing based on the state of a known display device,
-    // just return false.
-    if (displayDevice == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(displayDevice);
+bool BufferLayer::needsFiltering(const DisplayDevice* display) const {
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
     if (outputLayer == nullptr) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -621,15 +617,9 @@
             sourceCrop.getWidth() != displayFrame.getWidth();
 }
 
-bool BufferLayer::needsFilteringForScreenshots(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& displayDevice,
+bool BufferLayer::needsFilteringForScreenshots(const DisplayDevice* display,
                                                const ui::Transform& inverseParentTransform) const {
-    // If we are not capturing based on the state of a known display device,
-    // just return false.
-    if (displayDevice == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(displayDevice);
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
     if (outputLayer == nullptr) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -637,7 +627,7 @@
     // We need filtering if the sourceCrop rectangle size does not match the
     // viewport rectangle size (not a 1:1 render)
     const auto& compositionState = outputLayer->getState();
-    const ui::Transform& displayTransform = displayDevice->getTransform();
+    const ui::Transform& displayTransform = display->getTransform();
     const ui::Transform inverseTransform = inverseParentTransform * displayTransform.inverse();
     // Undo the transformation of the displayFrame so that we're back into
     // layer-stack space.
@@ -843,7 +833,7 @@
     mDrawingState.inputInfo = tmpInputInfo;
 }
 
-void BufferLayer::setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) const {
+void BufferLayer::setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) {
     mTransformHint = getFixedTransformHint();
     if (mTransformHint == ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID) {
         mTransformHint = displayTransformHint;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
index cfccc8a..97ffe6f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferLayer.h
@@ -79,10 +79,9 @@
 
     bool isHdrY410() const override;
 
-    bool onPostComposition(sp<const DisplayDevice> displayDevice,
-                           const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
+    bool onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*, const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& glDoneFence,
                            const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& presentFence,
-                           const CompositorTiming& compositorTiming) override;
+                           const CompositorTiming&) override;
 
     // latchBuffer - called each time the screen is redrawn and returns whether
     // the visible regions need to be recomputed (this is a fairly heavy
@@ -119,10 +118,6 @@
 
     ui::Transform::RotationFlags getTransformHint() const override { return mTransformHint; }
 
-    void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) const override;
-
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Functions that must be implemented by derived classes
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -209,14 +204,16 @@
 
     virtual uint64_t getHeadFrameNumber(nsecs_t expectedPresentTime) const;
 
+    void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) override;
+
     // Transform hint provided to the producer. This must be accessed holding
     /// the mStateLock.
-    mutable ui::Transform::RotationFlags mTransformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags mTransformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
 
 private:
     // Returns true if this layer requires filtering
-    bool needsFiltering(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& displayDevice) const override;
-    bool needsFilteringForScreenshots(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& displayDevice,
+    bool needsFiltering(const DisplayDevice*) const override;
+    bool needsFilteringForScreenshots(const DisplayDevice*,
                                       const ui::Transform& inverseParentTransform) const override;
 
     // BufferStateLayers can return Rect::INVALID_RECT if the layer does not have a display frame
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
index 5d80768..e5b94e4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void BufferQueueLayer::setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) const {
+void BufferQueueLayer::setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) {
     BufferLayer::setTransformHint(displayTransformHint);
     mConsumer->setTransformHint(mTransformHint);
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
index 9bcb63a..5ebc22d 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/BufferQueueLayer.h
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@
 
     void onLayerDisplayed(const sp<Fence>& releaseFence) override;
 
-    void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) const override;
-
     std::vector<OccupancyTracker::Segment> getOccupancyHistory(bool forceFlush) override;
 
     // If a buffer was replaced this frame, release the former buffer
@@ -72,6 +70,7 @@
     bool getSidebandStreamChanged() const override;
 
     bool latchSidebandStream(bool& recomputeVisibleRegions) override;
+    void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags displayTransformHint) override;
 
     bool hasFrameUpdate() const override;
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
index 8c86153..cb467ea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayDevice.h
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@
 
     static ui::Transform::RotationFlags getPrimaryDisplayRotationFlags();
 
+    ui::Transform::RotationFlags getTransformHint() const {
+        return static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(getTransform().getOrientation());
+    }
+
     const ui::Transform& getTransform() const;
     const Rect& getViewport() const;
     const Rect& getFrame() const;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 25929ed1..17458e3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -145,11 +145,10 @@
     mFlinger->onLayerDestroyed(this);
 }
 
-LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, const sp<Client> client,
-                                     std::string name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags,
-                                     LayerMetadata metadata)
+LayerCreationArgs::LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, sp<Client> client, std::string name,
+                                     uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata)
       : flinger(flinger),
-        client(client),
+        client(std::move(client)),
         name(std::move(name)),
         w(w),
         h(h),
@@ -718,9 +717,8 @@
     return {*shadowSettings};
 }
 
-Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition Layer::getCompositionType(
-        const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const {
-    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
+Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition Layer::getCompositionType(const DisplayDevice& display) const {
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(&display);
     if (outputLayer == nullptr) {
         return Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition::INVALID;
     }
@@ -731,12 +729,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool Layer::getClearClientTarget(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const {
-    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
-    LOG_FATAL_IF(!outputLayer);
-    return outputLayer->getState().clearClientTarget;
-}
-
 bool Layer::addSyncPoint(const std::shared_ptr<SyncPoint>& point) {
     if (point->getFrameNumber() <= mCurrentFrameNumber) {
         // Don't bother with a SyncPoint, since we've already latched the
@@ -1472,19 +1464,11 @@
     return usage;
 }
 
-void Layer::updateTransformHint(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const {
-    ui::Transform::RotationFlags transformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-    // Disable setting transform hint if the debug flag is set.
-    if (!mFlinger->mDebugDisableTransformHint) {
-        // The transform hint is used to improve performance, but we can
-        // only have a single transform hint, it cannot
-        // apply to all displays.
-        const ui::Transform& planeTransform = display->getTransform();
-        transformHint = static_cast<ui::Transform::RotationFlags>(planeTransform.getOrientation());
-        if (transformHint & ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID) {
-            transformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
-        }
+void Layer::updateTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags transformHint) {
+    if (mFlinger->mDebugDisableTransformHint || transformHint & ui::Transform::ROT_INVALID) {
+        transformHint = ui::Transform::ROT_0;
     }
+
     setTransformHint(transformHint);
 }
 
@@ -1493,7 +1477,7 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // TODO(marissaw): add new layer state info to layer debugging
-LayerDebugInfo Layer::getLayerDebugInfo() const {
+LayerDebugInfo Layer::getLayerDebugInfo(const DisplayDevice* display) const {
     using namespace std::string_literals;
 
     LayerDebugInfo info;
@@ -1504,7 +1488,7 @@
     info.mType = getType();
     info.mTransparentRegion = ds.activeTransparentRegion_legacy;
 
-    info.mVisibleRegion = debugGetVisibleRegionOnDefaultDisplay();
+    info.mVisibleRegion = getVisibleRegion(display);
     info.mSurfaceDamageRegion = surfaceDamageRegion;
     info.mLayerStack = getLayerStack();
     info.mX = ds.active_legacy.transform.tx();
@@ -1574,8 +1558,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-void Layer::miniDump(std::string& result, const sp<DisplayDevice>& displayDevice) const {
-    auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(displayDevice);
+void Layer::miniDump(std::string& result, const DisplayDevice& display) const {
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(&display);
     if (!outputLayer) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1602,7 +1586,7 @@
         StringAppendF(&result, "  %10d | ", layerState.z);
     }
     StringAppendF(&result, "  %10d | ", mWindowType);
-    StringAppendF(&result, "%10s | ", toString(getCompositionType(displayDevice)).c_str());
+    StringAppendF(&result, "%10s | ", toString(getCompositionType(display)).c_str());
     StringAppendF(&result, "%10s | ", toString(outputLayerState.bufferTransform).c_str());
     const Rect& frame = outputLayerState.displayFrame;
     StringAppendF(&result, "%4d %4d %4d %4d | ", frame.left, frame.top, frame.right, frame.bottom);
@@ -2175,27 +2159,28 @@
 }
 
 LayerProto* Layer::writeToProto(LayersProto& layersProto, uint32_t traceFlags,
-                                const sp<const DisplayDevice>& device) const {
+                                const DisplayDevice* display) const {
     LayerProto* layerProto = layersProto.add_layers();
-    writeToProtoDrawingState(layerProto, traceFlags);
+    writeToProtoDrawingState(layerProto, traceFlags, display);
     writeToProtoCommonState(layerProto, LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing, traceFlags);
 
     if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
         // Only populate for the primary display.
-        if (device) {
-            const Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition compositionType = getCompositionType(device);
+        if (display) {
+            const Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition compositionType = getCompositionType(*display);
             layerProto->set_hwc_composition_type(static_cast<HwcCompositionType>(compositionType));
         }
     }
 
     for (const sp<Layer>& layer : mDrawingChildren) {
-        layer->writeToProto(layersProto, traceFlags, device);
+        layer->writeToProto(layersProto, traceFlags, display);
     }
 
     return layerProto;
 }
 
-void Layer::writeToProtoDrawingState(LayerProto* layerInfo, uint32_t traceFlags) const {
+void Layer::writeToProtoDrawingState(LayerProto* layerInfo, uint32_t traceFlags,
+                                     const DisplayDevice* display) const {
     ui::Transform transform = getTransform();
 
     if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_CRITICAL) {
@@ -2229,7 +2214,7 @@
                                                [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_position(); });
         LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(mBounds, [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_bounds(); });
         if (traceFlags & SurfaceTracing::TRACE_COMPOSITION) {
-            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(debugGetVisibleRegionOnDefaultDisplay(),
+            LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(getVisibleRegion(display),
                                            [&]() { return layerInfo->mutable_visible_region(); });
         }
         LayerProtoHelper::writeToProto(surfaceDamageRegion,
@@ -2428,22 +2413,14 @@
 }
 
 compositionengine::OutputLayer* Layer::findOutputLayerForDisplay(
-        const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const {
+        const DisplayDevice* display) const {
+    if (!display) return nullptr;
     return display->getCompositionDisplay()->getOutputLayerForLayer(getCompositionEngineLayerFE());
 }
 
-Region Layer::debugGetVisibleRegionOnDefaultDisplay() const {
-    sp<DisplayDevice> displayDevice = mFlinger->getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-    if (displayDevice == nullptr) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(displayDevice);
-    if (outputLayer == nullptr) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    return outputLayer->getState().visibleRegion;
+Region Layer::getVisibleRegion(const DisplayDevice* display) const {
+    const auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(display);
+    return outputLayer ? outputLayer->getState().visibleRegion : Region();
 }
 
 void Layer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index 224ea19..3fa935f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_LAYER_H
-#define ANDROID_LAYER_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <compositionengine/LayerFE.h>
 #include <gui/BufferQueue.h>
@@ -77,8 +76,8 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 struct LayerCreationArgs {
-    LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger* flinger, const sp<Client> client, std::string name,
-                      uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata metadata);
+    LayerCreationArgs(SurfaceFlinger*, sp<Client>, std::string name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h,
+                      uint32_t flags, LayerMetadata);
 
     SurfaceFlinger* flinger;
     const sp<Client> client;
@@ -87,9 +86,9 @@
     uint32_t h;
     uint32_t flags;
     LayerMetadata metadata;
+
     pid_t callingPid;
     uid_t callingUid;
-    sp<const DisplayDevice> displayDevice;
     uint32_t textureName;
 };
 
@@ -519,15 +518,14 @@
 
     bool isRemovedFromCurrentState() const;
 
-    LayerProto* writeToProto(LayersProto& layersProto,
-                             uint32_t traceFlags = SurfaceTracing::TRACE_ALL,
-                             const sp<const DisplayDevice>& device = nullptr) const;
+    LayerProto* writeToProto(LayersProto& layersProto, uint32_t traceFlags,
+                             const DisplayDevice*) const;
 
     // Write states that are modified by the main thread. This includes drawing
     // state as well as buffer data. This should be called in the main or tracing
     // thread.
-    void writeToProtoDrawingState(LayerProto* layerInfo,
-                                  uint32_t traceFlags = SurfaceTracing::TRACE_ALL) const;
+    void writeToProtoDrawingState(LayerProto* layerInfo, uint32_t traceFlags,
+                                  const DisplayDevice*) const;
     // Write drawing or current state. If writing current state, the caller should hold the
     // external mStateLock. If writing drawing state, this function should be called on the
     // main or tracing thread.
@@ -544,7 +542,7 @@
         return s.activeTransparentRegion_legacy;
     }
     virtual Rect getCrop(const Layer::State& s) const { return s.crop_legacy; }
-    virtual bool needsFiltering(const sp<const DisplayDevice>&) const { return false; }
+    virtual bool needsFiltering(const DisplayDevice*) const { return false; }
     // True if this layer requires filtering
     // This method is distinct from needsFiltering() in how the filter
     // requirement is computed. needsFiltering() compares displayFrame and crop,
@@ -554,8 +552,7 @@
     // different.
     // If the parent transform needs to be undone when capturing the layer, then
     // the inverse parent transform is also required.
-    virtual bool needsFilteringForScreenshots(const sp<const DisplayDevice>&,
-                                              const ui::Transform&) const {
+    virtual bool needsFilteringForScreenshots(const DisplayDevice*, const ui::Transform&) const {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -616,21 +613,16 @@
 
     virtual bool isHdrY410() const { return false; }
 
-    Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition getCompositionType(
-            const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const;
-    bool getClearClientTarget(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const;
-
     virtual bool shouldPresentNow(nsecs_t /*expectedPresentTime*/) const { return false; }
-    virtual void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags /*transformHint*/) const {}
 
     /*
      * called after composition.
      * returns true if the layer latched a new buffer this frame.
      */
-    virtual bool onPostComposition(sp<const DisplayDevice> /*displayDevice*/,
+    virtual bool onPostComposition(const DisplayDevice*,
                                    const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& /*glDoneFence*/,
                                    const std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>& /*presentFence*/,
-                                   const CompositorTiming& /*compositorTiming*/) {
+                                   const CompositorTiming&) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -682,9 +674,10 @@
      */
     void addToCurrentState();
 
-    // Updates the transform hint in our SurfaceFlingerConsumer to match
-    // the current orientation of the display device.
-    void updateTransformHint(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const;
+    /*
+     * Sets display transform hint on BufferLayerConsumer.
+     */
+    void updateTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags);
 
     /*
      * returns the rectangle that crops the content of the layer and scales it
@@ -713,11 +706,10 @@
     inline const State& getCurrentState() const { return mCurrentState; }
     inline State& getCurrentState() { return mCurrentState; }
 
-    LayerDebugInfo getLayerDebugInfo() const;
+    LayerDebugInfo getLayerDebugInfo(const DisplayDevice*) const;
 
-    /* always call base class first */
     static void miniDumpHeader(std::string& result);
-    void miniDump(std::string& result, const sp<DisplayDevice>& display) const;
+    void miniDump(std::string& result, const DisplayDevice&) const;
     void dumpFrameStats(std::string& result) const;
     void dumpFrameEvents(std::string& result);
     void dumpCallingUidPid(std::string& result) const;
@@ -822,11 +814,6 @@
         return parentBounds;
     }
 
-    compositionengine::OutputLayer* findOutputLayerForDisplay(
-            const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) const;
-
-    Region debugGetVisibleRegionOnDefaultDisplay() const;
-
     /**
      * Returns the cropped buffer size or the layer crop if the layer has no buffer. Return
      * INVALID_RECT if the layer has no buffer and no crop.
@@ -963,7 +950,8 @@
     bool hasInput() const;
 
 protected:
-    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    compositionengine::OutputLayer* findOutputLayerForDisplay(const DisplayDevice*) const;
+
     bool usingRelativeZ(LayerVector::StateSet stateSet) const;
 
     bool mPremultipliedAlpha{true};
@@ -1035,6 +1023,11 @@
     const int mWindowType;
 
 private:
+    virtual void setTransformHint(ui::Transform::RotationFlags) {}
+
+    Hwc2::IComposerClient::Composition getCompositionType(const DisplayDevice&) const;
+    Region getVisibleRegion(const DisplayDevice*) const;
+
     /**
      * Returns an unsorted vector of all layers that are part of this tree.
      * That includes the current layer and all its descendants.
@@ -1098,14 +1091,3 @@
 };
 
 } // namespace android
-
-#define RETURN_IF_NO_HWC_LAYER(displayDevice, ...)                                     \
-    do {                                                                               \
-        if (!hasHwcLayer(displayDevice)) {                                             \
-            ALOGE("[%s] %s failed: no HWC layer found for display %s", mName.string(), \
-                  __FUNCTION__, displayDevice->getDebugName().c_str());                \
-            return __VA_ARGS__;                                                        \
-        }                                                                              \
-    } while (false)
-
-#endif // ANDROID_LAYER_H
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 3b66fa9..4cd1c9b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1422,10 +1422,10 @@
         return TIMED_OUT;
     }
 
+    const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
     outLayers->clear();
-    mCurrentState.traverseInZOrder([&](Layer* layer) {
-        outLayers->push_back(layer->getLayerDebugInfo());
-    });
+    mCurrentState.traverseInZOrder(
+            [&](Layer* layer) { outLayers->push_back(layer->getLayerDebugInfo(display.get())); });
 
     mStateLock.unlock();
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -2232,8 +2232,9 @@
     }
 
     mDrawingState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) {
-        bool frameLatched = layer->onPostComposition(displayDevice, glCompositionDoneFenceTime,
-                                                     presentFenceTime, compositorTiming);
+        const bool frameLatched =
+                layer->onPostComposition(displayDevice.get(), glCompositionDoneFenceTime,
+                                         presentFenceTime, compositorTiming);
         if (frameLatched) {
             recordBufferingStats(layer->getName(), layer->getOccupancyHistory(false));
         }
@@ -2826,7 +2827,7 @@
             // could be null if there is no display available at all to get
             // the transform hint from.
             if (hintDisplay) {
-                layer->updateTransformHint(hintDisplay);
+                layer->updateTransformHint(hintDisplay->getTransformHint());
             }
 
             first = false;
@@ -3181,7 +3182,7 @@
         }
 
         if (const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked()) {
-            lbc->updateTransformHint(display);
+            lbc->updateTransformHint(display->getTransformHint());
         }
         if (outTransformHint) {
             *outTransformHint = lbc->getTransformHint();
@@ -4040,7 +4041,6 @@
                                                 LayerMetadata metadata, sp<IBinder>* handle,
                                                 sp<Layer>* outLayer) {
     LayerCreationArgs args(this, client, std::move(name), w, h, flags, std::move(metadata));
-    args.displayDevice = getDefaultDisplayDevice();
     args.textureName = getNewTexture();
     sp<BufferStateLayer> layer = getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
     *handle = layer->getHandle();
@@ -4572,7 +4572,7 @@
 
     LayersProto layersProto;
     for (const sp<Layer>& layer : mDrawingState.layersSortedByZ) {
-        layer->writeToProto(layersProto, traceFlags, display);
+        layer->writeToProto(layersProto, traceFlags, display.get());
     }
 
     return layersProto;
@@ -4761,9 +4761,9 @@
 
         StringAppendF(&result, "Display %s HWC layers:\n", to_string(*displayId).c_str());
         Layer::miniDumpHeader(result);
-        const sp<DisplayDevice> displayDevice = display;
-        mCurrentState.traverseInZOrder(
-                [&](Layer* layer) { layer->miniDump(result, displayDevice); });
+
+        const DisplayDevice& ref = *display;
+        mCurrentState.traverseInZOrder([&](Layer* layer) { layer->miniDump(result, ref); });
         result.append("\n");
     }
 
@@ -5752,6 +5752,7 @@
     fillLayer.alpha = half(alpha);
     clientCompositionLayers.push_back(fillLayer);
 
+    const auto display = renderArea.getDisplayDevice();
     std::vector<Layer*> renderedLayers;
     Region clearRegion = Region::INVALID_REGION;
     traverseLayers([&](Layer* layer) {
@@ -5760,7 +5761,7 @@
         compositionengine::LayerFE::ClientCompositionTargetSettings targetSettings{
                 clip,
                 useIdentityTransform,
-                layer->needsFilteringForScreenshots(renderArea.getDisplayDevice(), transform) ||
+                layer->needsFilteringForScreenshots(display.get(), transform) ||
                         renderArea.needsFiltering(),
                 renderArea.isSecure(),
                 supportProtectedContent,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 8713b2b..32d722e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -1073,7 +1073,8 @@
 
 struct ForcedClientCompositionResultVariant : public CompositionResultBaseVariant {
     static void setupLayerState(CompositionTest* test, sp<Layer> layer) {
-        const auto outputLayer = layer->findOutputLayerForDisplay(test->mDisplay);
+        const auto outputLayer =
+                TestableSurfaceFlinger::findOutputLayerForDisplay(layer, test->mDisplay);
         LOG_FATAL_IF(!outputLayer);
         outputLayer->editState().forceClientComposition = true;
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index add3327..1c067cb 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@
 
 class TestableSurfaceFlinger {
 public:
+    using HotplugEvent = SurfaceFlinger::HotplugEvent;
+
     SurfaceFlinger* flinger() { return mFlinger.get(); }
     TestableScheduler* scheduler() { return mScheduler; }
 
@@ -246,28 +248,32 @@
         memcpy(&mFlinger->mInternalDisplayPrimaries, &primaries, sizeof(ui::DisplayPrimaries));
     }
 
-    using HotplugEvent = SurfaceFlinger::HotplugEvent;
-
-    auto& mutableLayerCurrentState(sp<Layer> layer) { return layer->mCurrentState; }
-    auto& mutableLayerDrawingState(sp<Layer> layer) { return layer->mDrawingState; }
+    static auto& mutableLayerCurrentState(const sp<Layer>& layer) { return layer->mCurrentState; }
+    static auto& mutableLayerDrawingState(const sp<Layer>& layer) { return layer->mDrawingState; }
 
     auto& mutableStateLock() { return mFlinger->mStateLock; }
 
-    void setLayerSidebandStream(sp<Layer> layer, sp<NativeHandle> sidebandStream) {
+    static auto findOutputLayerForDisplay(const sp<Layer>& layer,
+                                          const sp<const DisplayDevice>& display) {
+        return layer->findOutputLayerForDisplay(display.get());
+    }
+
+    static void setLayerSidebandStream(const sp<Layer>& layer,
+                                       const sp<NativeHandle>& sidebandStream) {
         layer->mDrawingState.sidebandStream = sidebandStream;
         layer->mSidebandStream = sidebandStream;
         layer->editCompositionState()->sidebandStream = sidebandStream;
     }
 
-    void setLayerCompositionType(sp<Layer> layer, hal::Composition type) {
-        auto outputLayer = layer->findOutputLayerForDisplay(mFlinger->getDefaultDisplayDevice());
+    void setLayerCompositionType(const sp<Layer>& layer, hal::Composition type) {
+        auto outputLayer = findOutputLayerForDisplay(layer, mFlinger->getDefaultDisplayDevice());
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!outputLayer);
         auto& state = outputLayer->editState();
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!outputLayer->getState().hwc);
         (*state.hwc).hwcCompositionType = type;
-    };
+    }
 
-    void setLayerPotentialCursor(sp<Layer> layer, bool potentialCursor) {
+    static void setLayerPotentialCursor(const sp<Layer>& layer, bool potentialCursor) {
         layer->mPotentialCursor = potentialCursor;
     }