diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
index d70b069..fe39768 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Android.mk
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     SurfaceFlingerConsumer.cpp \
     Transform.cpp \
     DisplayHardware/FramebufferSurface.cpp \
+    DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.cpp \
     DisplayHardware/HWComposer.cpp \
     DisplayHardware/PowerHAL.cpp \
     DisplayHardware/VirtualDisplaySurface.cpp \
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cbd718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2323 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "HWC2On1Adapter"
+#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS
+
+#include "HWC2On1Adapter.h"
+
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+static bool operator==(const hwc_color_t& lhs, const hwc_color_t& rhs) {
+    return lhs.r == rhs.r &&
+            lhs.g == rhs.g &&
+            lhs.b == rhs.b &&
+            lhs.a == rhs.a;
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const hwc_rect_t& lhs, const hwc_rect_t& rhs) {
+    return lhs.left == rhs.left &&
+            lhs.top == rhs.top &&
+            lhs.right == rhs.right &&
+            lhs.bottom == rhs.bottom;
+}
+
+static bool operator==(const hwc_frect_t& lhs, const hwc_frect_t& rhs) {
+    return lhs.left == rhs.left &&
+            lhs.top == rhs.top &&
+            lhs.right == rhs.right &&
+            lhs.bottom == rhs.bottom;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static inline bool operator!=(const T& lhs, const T& rhs)
+{
+    return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+static uint8_t getMinorVersion(struct hwc_composer_device_1* device)
+{
+    auto version = device->common.version & HARDWARE_API_VERSION_2_MAJ_MIN_MASK;
+    return (version >> 16) & 0xF;
+}
+
+template <typename PFN, typename T>
+static hwc2_function_pointer_t asFP(T function)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_same<PFN, T>::value, "Incompatible function pointer");
+    return reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(function);
+}
+
+using namespace HWC2;
+
+namespace android {
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::DisplayContentsDeleter::operator()(
+        hwc_display_contents_1_t* contents)
+{
+    if (contents != nullptr) {
+        for (size_t l = 0; l < contents->numHwLayers; ++l) {
+            auto& layer = contents->hwLayers[l];
+            std::free(const_cast<hwc_rect_t*>(layer.visibleRegionScreen.rects));
+        }
+    }
+    std::free(contents);
+}
+
+class HWC2On1Adapter::Callbacks : public hwc_procs_t {
+    public:
+        Callbacks(HWC2On1Adapter& adapter) : mAdapter(adapter) {
+            invalidate = &invalidateHook;
+            vsync = &vsyncHook;
+            hotplug = &hotplugHook;
+        }
+
+        static void invalidateHook(const hwc_procs_t* procs) {
+            auto callbacks = static_cast<const Callbacks*>(procs);
+            callbacks->mAdapter.hwc1Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        static void vsyncHook(const hwc_procs_t* procs, int display,
+                int64_t timestamp) {
+            auto callbacks = static_cast<const Callbacks*>(procs);
+            callbacks->mAdapter.hwc1Vsync(display, timestamp);
+        }
+
+        static void hotplugHook(const hwc_procs_t* procs, int display,
+                int connected) {
+            auto callbacks = static_cast<const Callbacks*>(procs);
+            callbacks->mAdapter.hwc1Hotplug(display, connected);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        HWC2On1Adapter& mAdapter;
+};
+
+static int closeHook(hw_device_t* /*device*/)
+{
+    // Do nothing, since the real work is done in the class destructor, but we
+    // need to provide a valid function pointer for hwc2_close to call
+    return 0;
+}
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::HWC2On1Adapter(hwc_composer_device_1_t* hwc1Device)
+  : mDumpString(),
+    mHwc1Device(hwc1Device),
+    mHwc1MinorVersion(getMinorVersion(hwc1Device)),
+    mHwc1SupportsVirtualDisplays(false),
+    mHwc1Callbacks(std::make_unique<Callbacks>(*this)),
+    mCapabilities(),
+    mLayers(),
+    mHwc1VirtualDisplay(),
+    mStateMutex(),
+    mCallbacks(),
+    mHasPendingInvalidate(false),
+    mPendingVsyncs(),
+    mPendingHotplugs(),
+    mDisplays(),
+    mHwc1DisplayMap()
+{
+    common.close = closeHook;
+    getCapabilities = getCapabilitiesHook;
+    getFunction = getFunctionHook;
+    populateCapabilities();
+    populatePrimary();
+    mHwc1Device->registerProcs(mHwc1Device,
+            static_cast<const hwc_procs_t*>(mHwc1Callbacks.get()));
+}
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::~HWC2On1Adapter() {
+    hwc_close_1(mHwc1Device);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::doGetCapabilities(uint32_t* outCount,
+        int32_t* outCapabilities)
+{
+    if (outCapabilities == nullptr) {
+        *outCount = mCapabilities.size();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto capabilityIter = mCapabilities.cbegin();
+    for (size_t written = 0; written < *outCount; ++written) {
+        if (capabilityIter == mCapabilities.cend()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        outCapabilities[written] = static_cast<int32_t>(*capabilityIter);
+        ++capabilityIter;
+    }
+}
+
+hwc2_function_pointer_t HWC2On1Adapter::doGetFunction(
+        FunctionDescriptor descriptor)
+{
+    switch (descriptor) {
+        // Device functions
+        case FunctionDescriptor::CreateVirtualDisplay:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>(
+                    createVirtualDisplayHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::DestroyVirtualDisplay:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY>(
+                    destroyVirtualDisplayHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::Dump:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_DUMP>(dumpHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetMaxVirtualDisplayCount:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT>(
+                    getMaxVirtualDisplayCountHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::RegisterCallback:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_REGISTER_CALLBACK>(registerCallbackHook);
+
+        // Display functions
+        case FunctionDescriptor::AcceptDisplayChanges:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::acceptChanges),
+                    &Display::acceptChanges>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::CreateLayer:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_CREATE_LAYER>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::createLayer),
+                    &Display::createLayer, hwc2_layer_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::DestroyLayer:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_LAYER>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::destroyLayer),
+                    &Display::destroyLayer, hwc2_layer_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetActiveConfig:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getActiveConfig),
+                    &Display::getActiveConfig, hwc2_config_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetChangedCompositionTypes:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getChangedCompositionTypes),
+                    &Display::getChangedCompositionTypes, uint32_t*,
+                    hwc2_layer_t*, int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDisplayAttribute:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE>(
+                    getDisplayAttributeHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDisplayConfigs:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getConfigs),
+                    &Display::getConfigs, uint32_t*, hwc2_config_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDisplayName:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_NAME>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getName),
+                    &Display::getName, uint32_t*, char*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDisplayRequests:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getRequests),
+                    &Display::getRequests, int32_t*, uint32_t*, hwc2_layer_t*,
+                    int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDisplayType:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getType),
+                    &Display::getType, int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetDozeSupport:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getDozeSupport),
+                    &Display::getDozeSupport, int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::GetReleaseFences:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_GET_RELEASE_FENCES>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::getReleaseFences),
+                    &Display::getReleaseFences, uint32_t*, hwc2_layer_t*,
+                    int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::PresentDisplay:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_PRESENT_DISPLAY>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::present),
+                    &Display::present, int32_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetActiveConfig:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::setActiveConfig),
+                    &Display::setActiveConfig, hwc2_config_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetClientTarget:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_CLIENT_TARGET>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::setClientTarget),
+                    &Display::setClientTarget, buffer_handle_t, int32_t,
+                    int32_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetOutputBuffer:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::setOutputBuffer),
+                    &Display::setOutputBuffer, buffer_handle_t, int32_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetPowerMode:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_POWER_MODE>(setPowerModeHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetVsyncEnabled:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED>(setVsyncEnabledHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::ValidateDisplay:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_VALIDATE_DISPLAY>(
+                    displayHook<decltype(&Display::validate),
+                    &Display::validate, uint32_t*, uint32_t*>);
+
+        // Layer functions
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetCursorPosition:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_CURSOR_POSITION>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setCursorPosition),
+                    &Layer::setCursorPosition, int32_t, int32_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerBuffer:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BUFFER>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setBuffer), &Layer::setBuffer,
+                    buffer_handle_t, int32_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerSurfaceDamage:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setSurfaceDamage),
+                    &Layer::setSurfaceDamage, hwc_region_t>);
+
+        // Layer state functions
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerBlendMode:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE>(
+                    setLayerBlendModeHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerColor:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COLOR>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setColor), &Layer::setColor,
+                    hwc_color_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerCompositionType:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE>(
+                    setLayerCompositionTypeHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerDisplayFrame:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setDisplayFrame),
+                    &Layer::setDisplayFrame, hwc_rect_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerPlaneAlpha:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setPlaneAlpha),
+                    &Layer::setPlaneAlpha, float>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerSidebandStream:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setSidebandStream),
+                    &Layer::setSidebandStream, const native_handle_t*>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerSourceCrop:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setSourceCrop),
+                    &Layer::setSourceCrop, hwc_frect_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerTransform:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM>(setLayerTransformHook);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerVisibleRegion:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION>(
+                    layerHook<decltype(&Layer::setVisibleRegion),
+                    &Layer::setVisibleRegion, hwc_region_t>);
+        case FunctionDescriptor::SetLayerZOrder:
+            return asFP<HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER>(setLayerZOrderHook);
+
+        default:
+            ALOGE("doGetFunction: Unknown function descriptor: %d (%s)",
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(descriptor),
+                    to_string(descriptor).c_str());
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Device functions
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width,
+        uint32_t height, hwc2_display_t* outDisplay)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (mHwc1VirtualDisplay) {
+        // We have already allocated our only HWC1 virtual display
+        ALOGE("createVirtualDisplay: HWC1 virtual display already allocated");
+        return Error::NoResources;
+    }
+
+    if (MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_DIMENSION != 0 &&
+            (width > MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_DIMENSION ||
+            height > MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_DIMENSION)) {
+        ALOGE("createVirtualDisplay: Can't create a virtual display with"
+                " a dimension > %u (tried %u x %u)",
+                MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_DIMENSION, width, height);
+        return Error::NoResources;
+    }
+
+    mHwc1VirtualDisplay = std::make_shared<HWC2On1Adapter::Display>(*this,
+            HWC2::DisplayType::Virtual);
+    mHwc1VirtualDisplay->populateConfigs(width, height);
+    const auto displayId = mHwc1VirtualDisplay->getId();
+    mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL] = displayId;
+    mHwc1VirtualDisplay->setHwc1Id(HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL);
+    mDisplays.emplace(displayId, mHwc1VirtualDisplay);
+    *outDisplay = displayId;
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::destroyVirtualDisplay(hwc2_display_t displayId)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mHwc1VirtualDisplay || (mHwc1VirtualDisplay->getId() != displayId)) {
+        return Error::BadDisplay;
+    }
+
+    mHwc1VirtualDisplay.reset();
+    mHwc1DisplayMap.erase(HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL);
+    mDisplays.erase(displayId);
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::dump(uint32_t* outSize, char* outBuffer)
+{
+    if (outBuffer != nullptr) {
+        auto copiedBytes = mDumpString.copy(outBuffer, *outSize);
+        *outSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(copiedBytes);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::stringstream output;
+
+    output << "-- HWC2On1Adapter --\n";
+
+    output << "Adapting to a HWC 1." << static_cast<int>(mHwc1MinorVersion) <<
+            " device\n";
+
+    // Attempt to acquire the lock for 1 second, but proceed without the lock
+    // after that, so we can still get some information if we're deadlocked
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex, std::defer_lock);
+    lock.try_lock_for(1s);
+
+    if (mCapabilities.empty()) {
+        output << "Capabilities: None\n";
+    } else {
+        output << "Capabilities:\n";
+        for (auto capability : mCapabilities) {
+            output << "  " << to_string(capability) << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+
+    output << "Displays:\n";
+    for (const auto& element : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& display = element.second;
+        output << display->dump();
+    }
+    output << '\n';
+
+    if (mHwc1Device->dump) {
+        output << "HWC1 dump:\n";
+        std::vector<char> hwc1Dump(4096);
+        // Call with size - 1 to preserve a null character at the end
+        mHwc1Device->dump(mHwc1Device, hwc1Dump.data(),
+                static_cast<int>(hwc1Dump.size() - 1));
+        output << hwc1Dump.data();
+    }
+
+    mDumpString = output.str();
+    *outSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(mDumpString.size());
+}
+
+uint32_t HWC2On1Adapter::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
+{
+    return mHwc1SupportsVirtualDisplays ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static bool isValid(Callback descriptor) {
+    switch (descriptor) {
+        case Callback::Hotplug: // Fall-through
+        case Callback::Refresh: // Fall-through
+        case Callback::Vsync: return true;
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::registerCallback(Callback descriptor,
+        hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData, hwc2_function_pointer_t pointer)
+{
+    if (!isValid(descriptor)) {
+        return Error::BadParameter;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("registerCallback(%s, %p, %p)", to_string(descriptor).c_str(),
+            callbackData, pointer);
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    mCallbacks[descriptor] = {callbackData, pointer};
+
+    bool hasPendingInvalidate = false;
+    std::vector<hwc2_display_t> displayIds;
+    std::vector<std::pair<hwc2_display_t, int64_t>> pendingVsyncs;
+    std::vector<std::pair<hwc2_display_t, int>> pendingHotplugs;
+
+    if (descriptor == Callback::Refresh) {
+        hasPendingInvalidate = mHasPendingInvalidate;
+        if (hasPendingInvalidate) {
+            for (auto& displayPair : mDisplays) {
+                displayIds.emplace_back(displayPair.first);
+            }
+        }
+        mHasPendingInvalidate = false;
+    } else if (descriptor == Callback::Vsync) {
+        for (auto pending : mPendingVsyncs) {
+            auto hwc1DisplayId = pending.first;
+            if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(hwc1DisplayId) == 0) {
+                ALOGE("hwc1Vsync: Couldn't find display for HWC1 id %d",
+                        hwc1DisplayId);
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1DisplayId];
+            auto timestamp = pending.second;
+            pendingVsyncs.emplace_back(displayId, timestamp);
+        }
+        mPendingVsyncs.clear();
+    } else if (descriptor == Callback::Hotplug) {
+        // Hotplug the primary display
+        pendingHotplugs.emplace_back(mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY],
+                static_cast<int32_t>(Connection::Connected));
+
+        for (auto pending : mPendingHotplugs) {
+            auto hwc1DisplayId = pending.first;
+            if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(hwc1DisplayId) == 0) {
+                ALOGE("hwc1Hotplug: Couldn't find display for HWC1 id %d",
+                        hwc1DisplayId);
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1DisplayId];
+            auto connected = pending.second;
+            pendingHotplugs.emplace_back(displayId, connected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Call pending callbacks without the state lock held
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    if (hasPendingInvalidate) {
+        auto refresh = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_REFRESH>(pointer);
+        for (auto displayId : displayIds) {
+            refresh(callbackData, displayId);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!pendingVsyncs.empty()) {
+        auto vsync = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_VSYNC>(pointer);
+        for (auto& pendingVsync : pendingVsyncs) {
+            vsync(callbackData, pendingVsync.first, pendingVsync.second);
+        }
+    }
+    if (!pendingHotplugs.empty()) {
+        auto hotplug = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_HOTPLUG>(pointer);
+        for (auto& pendingHotplug : pendingHotplugs) {
+            hotplug(callbackData, pendingHotplug.first, pendingHotplug.second);
+        }
+    }
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+// Display functions
+
+std::atomic<hwc2_display_t> HWC2On1Adapter::Display::sNextId(1);
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::Display::Display(HWC2On1Adapter& device, HWC2::DisplayType type)
+  : mId(sNextId++),
+    mDevice(device),
+    mDirtyCount(0),
+    mStateMutex(),
+    mZIsDirty(false),
+    mHwc1RequestedContents(nullptr),
+    mHwc1ReceivedContents(nullptr),
+    mRetireFence(),
+    mChanges(),
+    mHwc1Id(-1),
+    mConfigs(),
+    mActiveConfig(nullptr),
+    mName(),
+    mType(type),
+    mPowerMode(PowerMode::Off),
+    mVsyncEnabled(Vsync::Invalid),
+    mClientTarget(),
+    mOutputBuffer(),
+    mLayers() {}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::acceptChanges()
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mChanges) {
+        ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] acceptChanges failed, not validated", mId);
+        return Error::NotValidated;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] acceptChanges", mId);
+
+    for (auto& change : mChanges->getTypeChanges()) {
+        auto layerId = change.first;
+        auto type = change.second;
+        auto layer = mDevice.mLayers[layerId];
+        layer->setCompositionType(type);
+    }
+
+    mChanges->clearTypeChanges();
+
+    mHwc1RequestedContents = std::move(mHwc1ReceivedContents);
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::createLayer(hwc2_layer_t* outLayerId)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    auto layer = *mLayers.emplace(std::make_shared<Layer>(*this));
+    mDevice.mLayers.emplace(std::make_pair(layer->getId(), layer));
+    *outLayerId = layer->getId();
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] created layer %" PRIu64, mId, *outLayerId);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::destroyLayer(hwc2_layer_t layerId)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    const auto mapLayer = mDevice.mLayers.find(layerId);
+    if (mapLayer == mDevice.mLayers.end()) {
+        ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] destroyLayer(%" PRIu64 ") failed: no such layer",
+                mId, layerId);
+        return Error::BadLayer;
+    }
+    const auto layer = mapLayer->second;
+    mDevice.mLayers.erase(mapLayer);
+    const auto zRange = mLayers.equal_range(layer);
+    for (auto current = zRange.first; current != zRange.second; ++current) {
+        if (**current == *layer) {
+            current = mLayers.erase(current);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] destroyed layer %" PRIu64, mId, layerId);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getActiveConfig(hwc2_config_t* outConfig)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mActiveConfig) {
+        ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] getActiveConfig --> %s", mId,
+                to_string(Error::BadConfig).c_str());
+        return Error::BadConfig;
+    }
+    auto configId = mActiveConfig->getId();
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] getActiveConfig --> %u", mId, configId);
+    *outConfig = configId;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getAttribute(hwc2_config_t configId,
+        Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (configId > mConfigs.size() || !mConfigs[configId]->isOnDisplay(*this)) {
+        ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] getAttribute failed: bad config (%u)", mId,
+                configId);
+        return Error::BadConfig;
+    }
+    *outValue = mConfigs[configId]->getAttribute(attribute);
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] getAttribute(%u, %s) --> %d", mId, configId,
+            to_string(attribute).c_str(), *outValue);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getChangedCompositionTypes(
+        uint32_t* outNumElements, hwc2_layer_t* outLayers, int32_t* outTypes)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mChanges) {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] getChangedCompositionTypes failed: not validated",
+                mId);
+        return Error::NotValidated;
+    }
+
+    if ((outLayers == nullptr) || (outTypes == nullptr)) {
+        *outNumElements = mChanges->getTypeChanges().size();
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t numWritten = 0;
+    for (const auto& element : mChanges->getTypeChanges()) {
+        if (numWritten == *outNumElements) {
+            break;
+        }
+        auto layerId = element.first;
+        auto intType = static_cast<int32_t>(element.second);
+        ALOGV("Adding %" PRIu64 " %s", layerId,
+                to_string(element.second).c_str());
+        outLayers[numWritten] = layerId;
+        outTypes[numWritten] = intType;
+        ++numWritten;
+    }
+    *outNumElements = numWritten;
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getConfigs(uint32_t* outNumConfigs,
+        hwc2_config_t* outConfigs)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!outConfigs) {
+        *outNumConfigs = mConfigs.size();
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+    uint32_t numWritten = 0;
+    for (const auto& config : mConfigs) {
+        if (numWritten == *outNumConfigs) {
+            break;
+        }
+        outConfigs[numWritten] = config->getId();
+        ++numWritten;
+    }
+    *outNumConfigs = numWritten;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getDozeSupport(int32_t* outSupport)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (mDevice.mHwc1MinorVersion < 4 || mHwc1Id != 0) {
+        *outSupport = 0;
+    } else {
+        *outSupport = 1;
+    }
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getName(uint32_t* outSize, char* outName)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!outName) {
+        *outSize = mName.size();
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+    auto numCopied = mName.copy(outName, *outSize);
+    *outSize = numCopied;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getReleaseFences(uint32_t* outNumElements,
+        hwc2_layer_t* outLayers, int32_t* outFences)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    uint32_t numWritten = 0;
+    bool outputsNonNull = (outLayers != nullptr) && (outFences != nullptr);
+    for (const auto& layer : mLayers) {
+        if (outputsNonNull && (numWritten == *outNumElements)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto releaseFence = layer->getReleaseFence();
+        if (releaseFence != Fence::NO_FENCE) {
+            if (outputsNonNull) {
+                outLayers[numWritten] = layer->getId();
+                outFences[numWritten] = releaseFence->dup();
+            }
+            ++numWritten;
+        }
+    }
+    *outNumElements = numWritten;
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getRequests(int32_t* outDisplayRequests,
+        uint32_t* outNumElements, hwc2_layer_t* outLayers,
+        int32_t* outLayerRequests)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mChanges) {
+        return Error::NotValidated;
+    }
+
+    if (outLayers == nullptr || outLayerRequests == nullptr) {
+        *outNumElements = mChanges->getNumLayerRequests();
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+
+    *outDisplayRequests = mChanges->getDisplayRequests();
+    uint32_t numWritten = 0;
+    for (const auto& request : mChanges->getLayerRequests()) {
+        if (numWritten == *outNumElements) {
+            break;
+        }
+        outLayers[numWritten] = request.first;
+        outLayerRequests[numWritten] = static_cast<int32_t>(request.second);
+        ++numWritten;
+    }
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getType(int32_t* outType)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    *outType = static_cast<int32_t>(mType);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::present(int32_t* outRetireFence)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (mChanges) {
+        Error error = mDevice.setAllDisplays();
+        if (error != Error::None) {
+            ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] present: setAllDisplaysFailed (%s)", mId,
+                    to_string(error).c_str());
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *outRetireFence = mRetireFence.get()->dup();
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] present returning retire fence %d", mId,
+            *outRetireFence);
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setActiveConfig(hwc2_config_t configId)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    auto config = getConfig(configId);
+    if (!config) {
+        return Error::BadConfig;
+    }
+    mActiveConfig = config;
+    if (mDevice.mHwc1MinorVersion >= 4) {
+        int error = mDevice.mHwc1Device->setActiveConfig(mDevice.mHwc1Device,
+                mHwc1Id, static_cast<int>(configId));
+        ALOGE_IF(error != 0,
+                "setActiveConfig: Failed to set active config on HWC1 (%d)",
+                error);
+    }
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setClientTarget(buffer_handle_t target,
+        int32_t acquireFence, int32_t /*dataspace*/)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] setClientTarget(%p, %d)", mId, target, acquireFence);
+    mClientTarget.setBuffer(target);
+    mClientTarget.setFence(acquireFence);
+    // dataspace can't be used by HWC1, so ignore it
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setOutputBuffer(buffer_handle_t buffer,
+        int32_t releaseFence)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] setOutputBuffer(%p, %d)", mId, buffer, releaseFence);
+    mOutputBuffer.setBuffer(buffer);
+    mOutputBuffer.setFence(releaseFence);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+static bool isValid(PowerMode mode)
+{
+    switch (mode) {
+        case PowerMode::Off: // Fall-through
+        case PowerMode::DozeSuspend: // Fall-through
+        case PowerMode::Doze: // Fall-through
+        case PowerMode::On: return true;
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+
+static int getHwc1PowerMode(PowerMode mode)
+{
+    switch (mode) {
+        case PowerMode::Off: return HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
+        case PowerMode::DozeSuspend: return HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND;
+        case PowerMode::Doze: return HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE;
+        case PowerMode::On: return HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL;
+        default: return HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
+    }
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setPowerMode(PowerMode mode)
+{
+    if (!isValid(mode)) {
+        return Error::BadParameter;
+    }
+    if (mode == mPowerMode) {
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    int error = 0;
+    if (mDevice.mHwc1MinorVersion < 4) {
+        error = mDevice.mHwc1Device->blank(mDevice.mHwc1Device, mHwc1Id,
+                mode == PowerMode::Off);
+    } else {
+        error = mDevice.mHwc1Device->setPowerMode(mDevice.mHwc1Device,
+                mHwc1Id, getHwc1PowerMode(mode));
+    }
+    ALOGE_IF(error != 0, "setPowerMode: Failed to set power mode on HWC1 (%d)",
+            error);
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] setPowerMode(%s)", mId, to_string(mode).c_str());
+    mPowerMode = mode;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+static bool isValid(Vsync enable) {
+    switch (enable) {
+        case Vsync::Enable: // Fall-through
+        case Vsync::Disable: return true;
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setVsyncEnabled(Vsync enable)
+{
+    if (!isValid(enable)) {
+        return Error::BadParameter;
+    }
+    if (enable == mVsyncEnabled) {
+        return Error::None;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    int error = mDevice.mHwc1Device->eventControl(mDevice.mHwc1Device,
+            mHwc1Id, HWC_EVENT_VSYNC, enable == Vsync::Enable);
+    ALOGE_IF(error != 0, "setVsyncEnabled: Failed to set vsync on HWC1 (%d)",
+            error);
+
+    mVsyncEnabled = enable;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::validate(uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+        uint32_t* outNumRequests)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] Entering validate", mId);
+
+    if (!mChanges) {
+        if (!mDevice.prepareAllDisplays()) {
+            return Error::BadDisplay;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *outNumTypes = mChanges->getNumTypes();
+    *outNumRequests = mChanges->getNumLayerRequests();
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] validate --> %u types, %u requests", mId, *outNumTypes,
+            *outNumRequests);
+    for (auto request : mChanges->getTypeChanges()) {
+        ALOGV("Layer %" PRIu64 " --> %s", request.first,
+                to_string(request.second).c_str());
+    }
+    return *outNumTypes > 0 ? Error::HasChanges : Error::None;
+}
+
+// Display helpers
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::updateLayerZ(hwc2_layer_t layerId, uint32_t z)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    const auto mapLayer = mDevice.mLayers.find(layerId);
+    if (mapLayer == mDevice.mLayers.end()) {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] updateLayerZ failed to find layer", mId);
+        return Error::BadLayer;
+    }
+
+    const auto layer = mapLayer->second;
+    const auto zRange = mLayers.equal_range(layer);
+    bool layerOnDisplay = false;
+    for (auto current = zRange.first; current != zRange.second; ++current) {
+        if (**current == *layer) {
+            if ((*current)->getZ() == z) {
+                // Don't change anything if the Z hasn't changed
+                return Error::None;
+            }
+            current = mLayers.erase(current);
+            layerOnDisplay = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!layerOnDisplay) {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] updateLayerZ failed to find layer on display",
+                mId);
+        return Error::BadLayer;
+    }
+
+    layer->setZ(z);
+    mLayers.emplace(std::move(layer));
+    mZIsDirty = true;
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ATTRIBUTES[] = {
+    HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD,
+    HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH,
+    HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT,
+    HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X,
+    HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y,
+    HWC_DISPLAY_NO_ATTRIBUTE,
+};
+static constexpr size_t NUM_ATTRIBUTES = sizeof(ATTRIBUTES) / sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ATTRIBUTE_MAP[] = {
+    5, // HWC_DISPLAY_NO_ATTRIBUTE = 0
+    0, // HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD = 1,
+    1, // HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 2,
+    2, // HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 3,
+    3, // HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X = 4,
+    4, // HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y = 5,
+};
+
+template <uint32_t attribute>
+static constexpr bool attributesMatch()
+{
+    return ATTRIBUTES[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[attribute]] == attribute;
+}
+static_assert(attributesMatch<HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD>(),
+        "Tables out of sync");
+static_assert(attributesMatch<HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH>(), "Tables out of sync");
+static_assert(attributesMatch<HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT>(), "Tables out of sync");
+static_assert(attributesMatch<HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X>(), "Tables out of sync");
+static_assert(attributesMatch<HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y>(), "Tables out of sync");
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::populateConfigs()
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] populateConfigs", mId);
+
+    if (mHwc1Id == -1) {
+        ALOGE("populateConfigs: HWC1 ID not set");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t MAX_NUM_CONFIGS = 128;
+    uint32_t configs[MAX_NUM_CONFIGS] = {};
+    size_t numConfigs = MAX_NUM_CONFIGS;
+    mDevice.mHwc1Device->getDisplayConfigs(mDevice.mHwc1Device, mHwc1Id,
+            configs, &numConfigs);
+
+    for (size_t c = 0; c < numConfigs; ++c) {
+        uint32_t hwc1ConfigId = configs[c];
+        hwc2_config_t id = static_cast<hwc2_config_t>(mConfigs.size());
+        mConfigs.emplace_back(
+                std::make_shared<Config>(*this, id, hwc1ConfigId));
+        auto& config = mConfigs[id];
+
+        int32_t values[NUM_ATTRIBUTES] = {};
+        mDevice.mHwc1Device->getDisplayAttributes(mDevice.mHwc1Device, mHwc1Id,
+                hwc1ConfigId, ATTRIBUTES, values);
+
+        config->setAttribute(Attribute::VsyncPeriod,
+                values[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD]]);
+        config->setAttribute(Attribute::Width,
+                values[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH]]);
+        config->setAttribute(Attribute::Height,
+                values[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT]]);
+        config->setAttribute(Attribute::DpiX,
+                values[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X]]);
+        config->setAttribute(Attribute::DpiY,
+                values[ATTRIBUTE_MAP[HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y]]);
+
+        ALOGV("Found config: %s", config->toString().c_str());
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Getting active config");
+    if (mDevice.mHwc1Device->getActiveConfig != nullptr) {
+        auto activeConfig = mDevice.mHwc1Device->getActiveConfig(
+                mDevice.mHwc1Device, mHwc1Id);
+        if (activeConfig >= 0) {
+            ALOGV("Setting active config to %d", activeConfig);
+            mActiveConfig = mConfigs[activeConfig];
+        }
+    } else {
+        ALOGV("getActiveConfig is null, choosing config 0");
+        mActiveConfig = mConfigs[0];
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::populateConfigs(uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    mConfigs.emplace_back(std::make_shared<Config>(*this, 0, 0));
+    auto& config = mConfigs[0];
+
+    config->setAttribute(Attribute::Width, static_cast<int32_t>(width));
+    config->setAttribute(Attribute::Height, static_cast<int32_t>(height));
+    mActiveConfig = config;
+}
+
+bool HWC2On1Adapter::Display::prepare()
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    // Only prepare display contents for displays HWC1 knows about
+    if (mHwc1Id == -1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // It doesn't make sense to prepare a display for which there is no active
+    // config, so return early
+    if (!mActiveConfig) {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] Attempted to prepare, but no config active", mId);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] Entering prepare", mId);
+
+    auto currentCount = mHwc1RequestedContents ?
+            mHwc1RequestedContents->numHwLayers : 0;
+    auto requiredCount = mLayers.size() + 1;
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "]   Requires %zd layers, %zd allocated in %p", mId,
+            requiredCount, currentCount, mHwc1RequestedContents.get());
+
+    bool layerCountChanged = (currentCount != requiredCount);
+    if (layerCountChanged) {
+        reallocateHwc1Contents();
+    }
+
+    bool applyAllState = false;
+    if (layerCountChanged || mZIsDirty) {
+        assignHwc1LayerIds();
+        mZIsDirty = false;
+        applyAllState = true;
+    }
+
+    mHwc1RequestedContents->retireFenceFd = -1;
+    mHwc1RequestedContents->flags = 0;
+    if (isDirty() || applyAllState) {
+        mHwc1RequestedContents->flags |= HWC_GEOMETRY_CHANGED;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& layer : mLayers) {
+        auto& hwc1Layer = mHwc1RequestedContents->hwLayers[layer->getHwc1Id()];
+        hwc1Layer.releaseFenceFd = -1;
+        layer->applyState(hwc1Layer, applyAllState);
+    }
+
+    mHwc1RequestedContents->outbuf = mOutputBuffer.getBuffer();
+    mHwc1RequestedContents->outbufAcquireFenceFd = mOutputBuffer.getFence();
+
+    prepareFramebufferTarget();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void cloneHWCRegion(hwc_region_t& region)
+{
+    auto size = sizeof(hwc_rect_t) * region.numRects;
+    auto newRects = static_cast<hwc_rect_t*>(std::malloc(size));
+    std::copy_n(region.rects, region.numRects, newRects);
+    region.rects = newRects;
+}
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::Display::HWC1Contents
+        HWC2On1Adapter::Display::cloneRequestedContents() const
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    size_t size = sizeof(hwc_display_contents_1_t) +
+            sizeof(hwc_layer_1_t) * (mHwc1RequestedContents->numHwLayers);
+    auto contents = static_cast<hwc_display_contents_1_t*>(std::malloc(size));
+    std::memcpy(contents, mHwc1RequestedContents.get(), size);
+    for (size_t layerId = 0; layerId < contents->numHwLayers; ++layerId) {
+        auto& layer = contents->hwLayers[layerId];
+        // Deep copy the regions to avoid double-frees
+        cloneHWCRegion(layer.visibleRegionScreen);
+        cloneHWCRegion(layer.surfaceDamage);
+    }
+    return HWC1Contents(contents);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::setReceivedContents(HWC1Contents contents)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    mHwc1ReceivedContents = std::move(contents);
+
+    mChanges.reset(new Changes);
+
+    size_t numLayers = mHwc1ReceivedContents->numHwLayers;
+    for (size_t hwc1Id = 0; hwc1Id < numLayers; ++hwc1Id) {
+        const auto& receivedLayer = mHwc1ReceivedContents->hwLayers[hwc1Id];
+        if (mHwc1LayerMap.count(hwc1Id) == 0) {
+            ALOGE_IF(receivedLayer.compositionType != HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET,
+                    "setReceivedContents: HWC1 layer %zd doesn't have a"
+                    " matching HWC2 layer, and isn't the framebuffer target",
+                    hwc1Id);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        Layer& layer = *mHwc1LayerMap[hwc1Id];
+        updateTypeChanges(receivedLayer, layer);
+        updateLayerRequests(receivedLayer, layer);
+    }
+}
+
+bool HWC2On1Adapter::Display::hasChanges() const
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+    return mChanges != nullptr;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Display::set(hwc_display_contents_1& hwcContents)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    if (!mChanges || (mChanges->getNumTypes() > 0)) {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] set failed: not validated", mId);
+        return Error::NotValidated;
+    }
+
+    // Set up the client/framebuffer target
+    auto numLayers = hwcContents.numHwLayers;
+
+    // Close acquire fences on FRAMEBUFFER layers, since they will not be used
+    // by HWC
+    for (size_t l = 0; l < numLayers - 1; ++l) {
+        auto& layer = hwcContents.hwLayers[l];
+        if (layer.compositionType == HWC_FRAMEBUFFER) {
+            ALOGV("Closing fence %d for layer %zd", layer.acquireFenceFd, l);
+            close(layer.acquireFenceFd);
+            layer.acquireFenceFd = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto& clientTargetLayer = hwcContents.hwLayers[numLayers - 1];
+    if (clientTargetLayer.compositionType == HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET) {
+        clientTargetLayer.handle = mClientTarget.getBuffer();
+        clientTargetLayer.acquireFenceFd = mClientTarget.getFence();
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("[%" PRIu64 "] set: last HWC layer wasn't FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET",
+                mId);
+    }
+
+    mChanges.reset();
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::addRetireFence(int fenceFd)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+    mRetireFence.add(fenceFd);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::addReleaseFences(
+        const hwc_display_contents_1_t& hwcContents)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    size_t numLayers = hwcContents.numHwLayers;
+    for (size_t hwc1Id = 0; hwc1Id < numLayers; ++hwc1Id) {
+        const auto& receivedLayer = hwcContents.hwLayers[hwc1Id];
+        if (mHwc1LayerMap.count(hwc1Id) == 0) {
+            if (receivedLayer.compositionType != HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET) {
+                ALOGE("addReleaseFences: HWC1 layer %zd doesn't have a"
+                        " matching HWC2 layer, and isn't the framebuffer"
+                        " target", hwc1Id);
+            }
+            // Close the framebuffer target release fence since we will use the
+            // display retire fence instead
+            if (receivedLayer.releaseFenceFd != -1) {
+                close(receivedLayer.releaseFenceFd);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        Layer& layer = *mHwc1LayerMap[hwc1Id];
+        ALOGV("Adding release fence %d to layer %" PRIu64,
+                receivedLayer.releaseFenceFd, layer.getId());
+        layer.addReleaseFence(receivedLayer.releaseFenceFd);
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string hwc1CompositionString(int32_t type)
+{
+    switch (type) {
+        case HWC_FRAMEBUFFER: return "Framebuffer";
+        case HWC_OVERLAY: return "Overlay";
+        case HWC_BACKGROUND: return "Background";
+        case HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET: return "FramebufferTarget";
+        case HWC_SIDEBAND: return "Sideband";
+        case HWC_CURSOR_OVERLAY: return "CursorOverlay";
+        default:
+            return std::string("Unknown (") + std::to_string(type) + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string hwc1TransformString(int32_t transform)
+{
+    switch (transform) {
+        case 0: return "None";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H: return "FlipH";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V: return "FlipV";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_90: return "Rotate90";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_180: return "Rotate180";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_ROT_270: return "Rotate270";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H_ROT_90: return "FlipHRotate90";
+        case HWC_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V_ROT_90: return "FlipVRotate90";
+        default:
+            return std::string("Unknown (") + std::to_string(transform) + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string hwc1BlendModeString(int32_t mode)
+{
+    switch (mode) {
+        case HWC_BLENDING_NONE: return "None";
+        case HWC_BLENDING_PREMULT: return "Premultiplied";
+        case HWC_BLENDING_COVERAGE: return "Coverage";
+        default:
+            return std::string("Unknown (") + std::to_string(mode) + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string rectString(hwc_rect_t rect)
+{
+    std::stringstream output;
+    output << "[" << rect.left << ", " << rect.top << ", ";
+    output << rect.right << ", " << rect.bottom << "]";
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+static std::string approximateFloatString(float f)
+{
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(f) == f) {
+        return std::to_string(static_cast<int32_t>(f));
+    }
+    int32_t truncated = static_cast<int32_t>(f * 10);
+    bool approximate = (static_cast<float>(truncated) != f * 10);
+    const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
+    auto bytesWritten = snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
+            "%s%.1f", approximate ? "~" : "", f);
+    return std::string(buffer, bytesWritten);
+}
+
+static std::string frectString(hwc_frect_t frect)
+{
+    std::stringstream output;
+    output << "[" << approximateFloatString(frect.left) << ", ";
+    output << approximateFloatString(frect.top) << ", ";
+    output << approximateFloatString(frect.right) << ", ";
+    output << approximateFloatString(frect.bottom) << "]";
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+static std::string colorString(hwc_color_t color)
+{
+    std::stringstream output;
+    output << "RGBA [";
+    output << static_cast<int32_t>(color.r) << ", ";
+    output << static_cast<int32_t>(color.g) << ", ";
+    output << static_cast<int32_t>(color.b) << ", ";
+    output << static_cast<int32_t>(color.a) << "]";
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+static std::string alphaString(float f)
+{
+    const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 8;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
+    auto bytesWritten = snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, "%.3f", f);
+    return std::string(buffer, bytesWritten);
+}
+
+static std::string to_string(const hwc_layer_1_t& hwcLayer,
+        int32_t hwc1MinorVersion)
+{
+    const char* fill = "          ";
+
+    std::stringstream output;
+
+    output << "  Composition: " <<
+            hwc1CompositionString(hwcLayer.compositionType);
+
+    if (hwcLayer.compositionType == HWC_BACKGROUND) {
+        output << "  Color: " << colorString(hwcLayer.backgroundColor) << '\n';
+    } else if (hwcLayer.compositionType == HWC_SIDEBAND) {
+        output << "  Stream: " << hwcLayer.sidebandStream << '\n';
+    } else {
+        output << "  Buffer: " << hwcLayer.handle << "/" <<
+                hwcLayer.acquireFenceFd << '\n';
+    }
+
+    output << fill << "Display frame: " << rectString(hwcLayer.displayFrame) <<
+            '\n';
+
+    output << fill << "Source crop: ";
+    if (hwc1MinorVersion >= 3) {
+        output << frectString(hwcLayer.sourceCropf) << '\n';
+    } else {
+        output << rectString(hwcLayer.sourceCropi) << '\n';
+    }
+
+    output << fill << "Transform: " << hwc1TransformString(hwcLayer.transform);
+    output << "  Blend mode: " << hwc1BlendModeString(hwcLayer.blending);
+    if (hwcLayer.planeAlpha != 0xFF) {
+        output << "  Alpha: " << alphaString(hwcLayer.planeAlpha / 255.0f);
+    }
+    output << '\n';
+
+    if (hwcLayer.hints != 0) {
+        output << fill << "Hints:";
+        if ((hwcLayer.hints & HWC_HINT_TRIPLE_BUFFER) != 0) {
+            output << " TripleBuffer";
+        }
+        if ((hwcLayer.hints & HWC_HINT_CLEAR_FB) != 0) {
+            output << " ClearFB";
+        }
+        output << '\n';
+    }
+
+    if (hwcLayer.flags != 0) {
+        output << fill << "Flags:";
+        if ((hwcLayer.flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER) != 0) {
+            output << " SkipLayer";
+        }
+        if ((hwcLayer.flags & HWC_IS_CURSOR_LAYER) != 0) {
+            output << " IsCursorLayer";
+        }
+        output << '\n';
+    }
+
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+static std::string to_string(const hwc_display_contents_1_t& hwcContents,
+        int32_t hwc1MinorVersion)
+{
+    const char* fill = "      ";
+
+    std::stringstream output;
+    output << fill << "Geometry changed: " <<
+            ((hwcContents.flags & HWC_GEOMETRY_CHANGED) != 0 ? "Y\n" : "N\n");
+
+    output << fill << hwcContents.numHwLayers << " Layer" <<
+            ((hwcContents.numHwLayers == 1) ? "\n" : "s\n");
+    for (size_t layer = 0; layer < hwcContents.numHwLayers; ++layer) {
+        output << fill << "  Layer " << layer;
+        output << to_string(hwcContents.hwLayers[layer], hwc1MinorVersion);
+    }
+
+    if (hwcContents.outbuf != nullptr) {
+        output << fill << "Output buffer: " << hwcContents.outbuf << "/" <<
+                hwcContents.outbufAcquireFenceFd << '\n';
+    }
+
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+std::string HWC2On1Adapter::Display::dump() const
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    std::stringstream output;
+
+    output << "  Display " << mId << ": ";
+    output << to_string(mType) << "  ";
+    output << "HWC1 ID: " << mHwc1Id << "  ";
+    output << "Power mode: " << to_string(mPowerMode) << "  ";
+    output << "Vsync: " << to_string(mVsyncEnabled) << '\n';
+
+    output << "    " << mConfigs.size() << " Config" <<
+            (mConfigs.size() == 1 ? "" : "s") << " (* Active)\n";
+    for (const auto& config : mConfigs) {
+        if (config == mActiveConfig) {
+            output << "    * " << config->toString();
+        } else {
+            output << "      " << config->toString();
+        }
+    }
+    output << '\n';
+
+    output << "    " << mLayers.size() << " Layer" <<
+            (mLayers.size() == 1 ? "" : "s") << '\n';
+    for (const auto& layer : mLayers) {
+        output << layer->dump();
+    }
+
+    output << "    Client target: " << mClientTarget.getBuffer() << '\n';
+
+    if (mOutputBuffer.getBuffer() != nullptr) {
+        output << "    Output buffer: " << mOutputBuffer.getBuffer() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    if (mHwc1ReceivedContents) {
+        output << "    Last received HWC1 state\n";
+        output << to_string(*mHwc1ReceivedContents, mDevice.mHwc1MinorVersion);
+    } else if (mHwc1RequestedContents) {
+        output << "    Last requested HWC1 state\n";
+        output << to_string(*mHwc1RequestedContents, mDevice.mHwc1MinorVersion);
+    }
+
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::Config::setAttribute(HWC2::Attribute attribute,
+        int32_t value)
+{
+    mAttributes[attribute] = value;
+}
+
+int32_t HWC2On1Adapter::Display::Config::getAttribute(Attribute attribute) const
+{
+    if (mAttributes.count(attribute) == 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return mAttributes.at(attribute);
+}
+
+std::string HWC2On1Adapter::Display::Config::toString() const
+{
+    std::string output;
+
+    const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 100;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {};
+    auto writtenBytes = snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
+            "[%u] %u x %u", mHwcId,
+            mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::Width),
+            mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::Height));
+    output.append(buffer, writtenBytes);
+
+    if (mAttributes.count(HWC2::Attribute::VsyncPeriod) != 0) {
+        std::memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
+        writtenBytes = snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, " @ %.1f Hz",
+                1e9 / mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::VsyncPeriod));
+        output.append(buffer, writtenBytes);
+    }
+
+    if (mAttributes.count(HWC2::Attribute::DpiX) != 0 &&
+            mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::DpiX) != -1) {
+        std::memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
+        writtenBytes = snprintf(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
+                ", DPI: %.1f x %.1f",
+                mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::DpiX) / 1000.0f,
+                mAttributes.at(HWC2::Attribute::DpiY) / 1000.0f);
+        output.append(buffer, writtenBytes);
+    }
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<const HWC2On1Adapter::Display::Config>
+        HWC2On1Adapter::Display::getConfig(hwc2_config_t configId) const
+{
+    if (configId > mConfigs.size() || !mConfigs[configId]->isOnDisplay(*this)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return mConfigs[configId];
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::reallocateHwc1Contents()
+{
+    // Allocate an additional layer for the framebuffer target
+    auto numLayers = mLayers.size() + 1;
+    size_t size = sizeof(hwc_display_contents_1_t) +
+            sizeof(hwc_layer_1_t) * numLayers;
+    ALOGV("[%" PRIu64 "] reallocateHwc1Contents creating %zd layer%s", mId,
+            numLayers, numLayers != 1 ? "s" : "");
+    auto contents =
+            static_cast<hwc_display_contents_1_t*>(std::calloc(size, 1));
+    contents->numHwLayers = numLayers;
+    mHwc1RequestedContents.reset(contents);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::assignHwc1LayerIds()
+{
+    mHwc1LayerMap.clear();
+    size_t nextHwc1Id = 0;
+    for (auto& layer : mLayers) {
+        mHwc1LayerMap[nextHwc1Id] = layer;
+        layer->setHwc1Id(nextHwc1Id++);
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::updateTypeChanges(const hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        const Layer& layer)
+{
+    auto layerId = layer.getId();
+    switch (hwc1Layer.compositionType) {
+        case HWC_FRAMEBUFFER:
+            if (layer.getCompositionType() != Composition::Client) {
+                mChanges->addTypeChange(layerId, Composition::Client);
+            }
+            break;
+        case HWC_OVERLAY:
+            if (layer.getCompositionType() != Composition::Device) {
+                mChanges->addTypeChange(layerId, Composition::Device);
+            }
+            break;
+        case HWC_BACKGROUND:
+            ALOGE_IF(layer.getCompositionType() != Composition::SolidColor,
+                    "updateTypeChanges: HWC1 requested BACKGROUND, but HWC2"
+                    " wasn't expecting SolidColor");
+            break;
+        case HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET:
+            // Do nothing, since it shouldn't be modified by HWC1
+            break;
+        case HWC_SIDEBAND:
+            ALOGE_IF(layer.getCompositionType() != Composition::Sideband,
+                    "updateTypeChanges: HWC1 requested SIDEBAND, but HWC2"
+                    " wasn't expecting Sideband");
+            break;
+        case HWC_CURSOR_OVERLAY:
+            ALOGE_IF(layer.getCompositionType() != Composition::Cursor,
+                    "updateTypeChanges: HWC1 requested CURSOR_OVERLAY, but"
+                    " HWC2 wasn't expecting Cursor");
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::updateLayerRequests(
+        const hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer, const Layer& layer)
+{
+    if ((hwc1Layer.hints & HWC_HINT_CLEAR_FB) != 0) {
+        mChanges->addLayerRequest(layer.getId(),
+                LayerRequest::ClearClientTarget);
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Display::prepareFramebufferTarget()
+{
+    // We check that mActiveConfig is valid in Display::prepare
+    int32_t width = mActiveConfig->getAttribute(Attribute::Width);
+    int32_t height = mActiveConfig->getAttribute(Attribute::Height);
+
+    auto& hwc1Target = mHwc1RequestedContents->hwLayers[mLayers.size()];
+    hwc1Target.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET;
+    hwc1Target.releaseFenceFd = -1;
+    hwc1Target.hints = 0;
+    hwc1Target.flags = 0;
+    hwc1Target.transform = 0;
+    hwc1Target.blending = HWC_BLENDING_PREMULT;
+    if (mDevice.getHwc1MinorVersion() < 3) {
+        hwc1Target.sourceCropi = {0, 0, width, height};
+    } else {
+        hwc1Target.sourceCropf = {0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<float>(width),
+                static_cast<float>(height)};
+    }
+    hwc1Target.displayFrame = {0, 0, width, height};
+    hwc1Target.planeAlpha = 255;
+    hwc1Target.visibleRegionScreen.numRects = 1;
+    auto rects = static_cast<hwc_rect_t*>(std::malloc(sizeof(hwc_rect_t)));
+    rects[0].left = 0;
+    rects[0].top = 0;
+    rects[0].right = width;
+    rects[0].bottom = height;
+    hwc1Target.visibleRegionScreen.rects = rects;
+
+    // We will set this to the correct value in set
+    hwc1Target.acquireFenceFd = -1;
+}
+
+// Layer functions
+
+std::atomic<hwc2_layer_t> HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::sNextId(1);
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::Layer(Display& display)
+  : mId(sNextId++),
+    mDisplay(display),
+    mBlendMode(*this, BlendMode::None),
+    mColor(*this, {0, 0, 0, 0}),
+    mCompositionType(*this, Composition::Invalid),
+    mDisplayFrame(*this, {0, 0, -1, -1}),
+    mPlaneAlpha(*this, 0.0f),
+    mSidebandStream(*this, nullptr),
+    mSourceCrop(*this, {0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f}),
+    mTransform(*this, Transform::None),
+    mVisibleRegion(*this, std::vector<hwc_rect_t>()),
+    mZ(0),
+    mHwc1Id(0),
+    mHasUnsupportedPlaneAlpha(false) {}
+
+bool HWC2On1Adapter::SortLayersByZ::operator()(
+        const std::shared_ptr<Layer>& lhs, const std::shared_ptr<Layer>& rhs)
+{
+    return lhs->getZ() < rhs->getZ();
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setBuffer(buffer_handle_t buffer,
+        int32_t acquireFence)
+{
+    ALOGV("Setting acquireFence to %d for layer %" PRIu64, acquireFence, mId);
+    mBuffer.setBuffer(buffer);
+    mBuffer.setFence(acquireFence);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y)
+{
+    if (mCompositionType.getValue() != Composition::Cursor) {
+        return Error::BadLayer;
+    }
+
+    if (mDisplay.hasChanges()) {
+        return Error::NotValidated;
+    }
+
+    auto displayId = mDisplay.getHwc1Id();
+    auto hwc1Device = mDisplay.getDevice().getHwc1Device();
+    hwc1Device->setCursorPositionAsync(hwc1Device, displayId, x, y);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setSurfaceDamage(hwc_region_t damage)
+{
+    mSurfaceDamage.resize(damage.numRects);
+    std::copy_n(damage.rects, damage.numRects, mSurfaceDamage.begin());
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+// Layer state functions
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setBlendMode(BlendMode mode)
+{
+    mBlendMode.setPending(mode);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setColor(hwc_color_t color)
+{
+    mColor.setPending(color);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setCompositionType(Composition type)
+{
+    mCompositionType.setPending(type);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setDisplayFrame(hwc_rect_t frame)
+{
+    mDisplayFrame.setPending(frame);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setPlaneAlpha(float alpha)
+{
+    mPlaneAlpha.setPending(alpha);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setSidebandStream(const native_handle_t* stream)
+{
+    mSidebandStream.setPending(stream);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setSourceCrop(hwc_frect_t crop)
+{
+    mSourceCrop.setPending(crop);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setTransform(Transform transform)
+{
+    mTransform.setPending(transform);
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setVisibleRegion(hwc_region_t rawVisible)
+{
+    std::vector<hwc_rect_t> visible(rawVisible.rects,
+            rawVisible.rects + rawVisible.numRects);
+    mVisibleRegion.setPending(std::move(visible));
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::setZ(uint32_t z)
+{
+    mZ = z;
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::addReleaseFence(int fenceFd)
+{
+    ALOGV("addReleaseFence %d to layer %" PRIu64, fenceFd, mId);
+    mReleaseFence.add(fenceFd);
+}
+
+const sp<Fence>& HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::getReleaseFence() const
+{
+    return mReleaseFence.get();
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applyState(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        bool applyAllState)
+{
+    applyCommonState(hwc1Layer, applyAllState);
+    auto compositionType = mCompositionType.getPendingValue();
+    if (compositionType == Composition::SolidColor) {
+        applySolidColorState(hwc1Layer, applyAllState);
+    } else if (compositionType == Composition::Sideband) {
+        applySidebandState(hwc1Layer, applyAllState);
+    } else {
+        applyBufferState(hwc1Layer);
+    }
+    applyCompositionType(hwc1Layer, applyAllState);
+}
+
+// Layer dump helpers
+
+static std::string regionStrings(const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& visibleRegion,
+        const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& surfaceDamage)
+{
+    std::string regions;
+    regions += "        Visible Region";
+    regions.resize(40, ' ');
+    regions += "Surface Damage\n";
+
+    size_t numPrinted = 0;
+    size_t maxSize = std::max(visibleRegion.size(), surfaceDamage.size());
+    while (numPrinted < maxSize) {
+        std::string line("        ");
+        if (visibleRegion.empty() && numPrinted == 0) {
+            line += "None";
+        } else if (numPrinted < visibleRegion.size()) {
+            line += rectString(visibleRegion[numPrinted]);
+        }
+        line.resize(40, ' ');
+        if (surfaceDamage.empty() && numPrinted == 0) {
+            line += "None";
+        } else if (numPrinted < surfaceDamage.size()) {
+            line += rectString(surfaceDamage[numPrinted]);
+        }
+        line += '\n';
+        regions += line;
+        ++numPrinted;
+    }
+    return regions;
+}
+
+std::string HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::dump() const
+{
+    std::stringstream output;
+    const char* fill = "      ";
+
+    output << fill << to_string(mCompositionType.getPendingValue());
+    output << " Layer  HWC2/1: " << mId << "/" << mHwc1Id << "  ";
+    output << "Z: " << mZ;
+    if (mCompositionType.getValue() == HWC2::Composition::SolidColor) {
+        output << "  " << colorString(mColor.getValue());
+    } else if (mCompositionType.getValue() == HWC2::Composition::Sideband) {
+        output << "  Handle: " << mSidebandStream.getValue() << '\n';
+    } else {
+        output << "  Buffer: " << mBuffer.getBuffer() << "/" <<
+                mBuffer.getFence() << '\n';
+        output << fill << "  Display frame [LTRB]: " <<
+                rectString(mDisplayFrame.getValue()) << '\n';
+        output << fill << "  Source crop: " <<
+                frectString(mSourceCrop.getValue()) << '\n';
+        output << fill << "  Transform: " << to_string(mTransform.getValue());
+        output << "  Blend mode: " << to_string(mBlendMode.getValue());
+        if (mPlaneAlpha.getValue() != 1.0f) {
+            output << "  Alpha: " <<
+                alphaString(mPlaneAlpha.getValue()) << '\n';
+        } else {
+            output << '\n';
+        }
+        output << regionStrings(mVisibleRegion.getValue(), mSurfaceDamage);
+    }
+    return output.str();
+}
+
+static int getHwc1Blending(HWC2::BlendMode blendMode)
+{
+    switch (blendMode) {
+        case BlendMode::Coverage: return HWC_BLENDING_COVERAGE;
+        case BlendMode::Premultiplied: return HWC_BLENDING_PREMULT;
+        default: return HWC_BLENDING_NONE;
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applyCommonState(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        bool applyAllState)
+{
+    auto minorVersion = mDisplay.getDevice().getHwc1MinorVersion();
+    if (applyAllState || mBlendMode.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.blending = getHwc1Blending(mBlendMode.getPendingValue());
+        mBlendMode.latch();
+    }
+    if (applyAllState || mDisplayFrame.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.displayFrame = mDisplayFrame.getPendingValue();
+        mDisplayFrame.latch();
+    }
+    if (applyAllState || mPlaneAlpha.isDirty()) {
+        auto pendingAlpha = mPlaneAlpha.getPendingValue();
+        if (minorVersion < 2) {
+            mHasUnsupportedPlaneAlpha = pendingAlpha < 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            hwc1Layer.planeAlpha =
+                    static_cast<uint8_t>(255.0f * pendingAlpha + 0.5f);
+        }
+        mPlaneAlpha.latch();
+    }
+    if (applyAllState || mSourceCrop.isDirty()) {
+        if (minorVersion < 3) {
+            auto pending = mSourceCrop.getPendingValue();
+            hwc1Layer.sourceCropi.left =
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(std::ceil(pending.left));
+            hwc1Layer.sourceCropi.top =
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(std::ceil(pending.top));
+            hwc1Layer.sourceCropi.right =
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(std::floor(pending.right));
+            hwc1Layer.sourceCropi.bottom =
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(std::floor(pending.bottom));
+        } else {
+            hwc1Layer.sourceCropf = mSourceCrop.getPendingValue();
+        }
+        mSourceCrop.latch();
+    }
+    if (applyAllState || mTransform.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.transform =
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(mTransform.getPendingValue());
+        mTransform.latch();
+    }
+    if (applyAllState || mVisibleRegion.isDirty()) {
+        auto& hwc1VisibleRegion = hwc1Layer.visibleRegionScreen;
+
+        std::free(const_cast<hwc_rect_t*>(hwc1VisibleRegion.rects));
+
+        auto pending = mVisibleRegion.getPendingValue();
+        hwc_rect_t* newRects = static_cast<hwc_rect_t*>(
+                std::malloc(sizeof(hwc_rect_t) * pending.size()));
+        std::copy(pending.begin(), pending.end(), newRects);
+        hwc1VisibleRegion.rects = const_cast<const hwc_rect_t*>(newRects);
+        hwc1VisibleRegion.numRects = pending.size();
+        mVisibleRegion.latch();
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applySolidColorState(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        bool applyAllState)
+{
+    if (applyAllState || mColor.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.backgroundColor = mColor.getPendingValue();
+        mColor.latch();
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applySidebandState(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        bool applyAllState)
+{
+    if (applyAllState || mSidebandStream.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.sidebandStream = mSidebandStream.getPendingValue();
+        mSidebandStream.latch();
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applyBufferState(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer)
+{
+    hwc1Layer.handle = mBuffer.getBuffer();
+    hwc1Layer.acquireFenceFd = mBuffer.getFence();
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::Layer::applyCompositionType(hwc_layer_1_t& hwc1Layer,
+        bool applyAllState)
+{
+    if (mHasUnsupportedPlaneAlpha) {
+        hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+        hwc1Layer.flags = HWC_SKIP_LAYER;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (applyAllState || mCompositionType.isDirty()) {
+        hwc1Layer.flags = 0;
+        switch (mCompositionType.getPendingValue()) {
+            case Composition::Client:
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+                hwc1Layer.flags |= HWC_SKIP_LAYER;
+                break;
+            case Composition::Device:
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+                break;
+            case Composition::SolidColor:
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_BACKGROUND;
+                break;
+            case Composition::Cursor:
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+                if (mDisplay.getDevice().getHwc1MinorVersion() >= 4) {
+                    hwc1Layer.hints |= HWC_IS_CURSOR_LAYER;
+                }
+                break;
+            case Composition::Sideband:
+                if (mDisplay.getDevice().getHwc1MinorVersion() < 4) {
+                    hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_SIDEBAND;
+                } else {
+                    hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+                    hwc1Layer.flags |= HWC_SKIP_LAYER;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
+                hwc1Layer.flags |= HWC_SKIP_LAYER;
+                break;
+        }
+        ALOGV("Layer %" PRIu64 " %s set to %d", mId,
+                to_string(mCompositionType.getPendingValue()).c_str(),
+                hwc1Layer.compositionType);
+        ALOGV_IF(hwc1Layer.flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER, "    and skipping");
+        mCompositionType.latch();
+    }
+}
+
+// Adapter helpers
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::populateCapabilities()
+{
+    ALOGV("populateCapabilities");
+    if (mHwc1MinorVersion >= 3U) {
+        int supportedTypes = 0;
+        auto result = mHwc1Device->query(mHwc1Device,
+                HWC_DISPLAY_TYPES_SUPPORTED, &supportedTypes);
+        if ((result == 0) && ((supportedTypes & HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) != 0)) {
+            ALOGI("Found support for HWC virtual displays");
+            mHwc1SupportsVirtualDisplays = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (mHwc1MinorVersion >= 4U) {
+        mCapabilities.insert(Capability::SidebandStream);
+    }
+}
+
+HWC2On1Adapter::Display* HWC2On1Adapter::getDisplay(hwc2_display_t id)
+{
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    auto display = mDisplays.find(id);
+    if (display == mDisplays.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return display->second.get();
+}
+
+std::tuple<HWC2On1Adapter::Layer*, Error> HWC2On1Adapter::getLayer(
+        hwc2_display_t displayId, hwc2_layer_t layerId)
+{
+    auto display = getDisplay(displayId);
+    if (!display) {
+        return std::make_tuple(static_cast<Layer*>(nullptr), Error::BadDisplay);
+    }
+
+    auto layerEntry = mLayers.find(layerId);
+    if (layerEntry == mLayers.end()) {
+        return std::make_tuple(static_cast<Layer*>(nullptr), Error::BadLayer);
+    }
+
+    auto layer = layerEntry->second;
+    if (layer->getDisplay().getId() != displayId) {
+        return std::make_tuple(static_cast<Layer*>(nullptr), Error::BadLayer);
+    }
+    return std::make_tuple(layer.get(), Error::None);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::populatePrimary()
+{
+    ALOGV("populatePrimary");
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    auto display =
+            std::make_shared<Display>(*this, HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
+    mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY] = display->getId();
+    display->setHwc1Id(HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY);
+    display->populateConfigs();
+    mDisplays.emplace(display->getId(), std::move(display));
+}
+
+bool HWC2On1Adapter::prepareAllDisplays()
+{
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    for (const auto& displayPair : mDisplays) {
+        auto& display = displayPair.second;
+        if (!display->prepare()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(0) == 0) {
+        ALOGE("prepareAllDisplays: Unable to find primary HWC1 display");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Always push the primary display
+    std::vector<HWC2On1Adapter::Display::HWC1Contents> requestedContents;
+    auto primaryDisplayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY];
+    auto& primaryDisplay = mDisplays[primaryDisplayId];
+    auto primaryDisplayContents = primaryDisplay->cloneRequestedContents();
+    requestedContents.push_back(std::move(primaryDisplayContents));
+
+    // Push the external display, if present
+    if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL) != 0) {
+        auto externalDisplayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL];
+        auto& externalDisplay = mDisplays[externalDisplayId];
+        auto externalDisplayContents =
+                externalDisplay->cloneRequestedContents();
+        requestedContents.push_back(std::move(externalDisplayContents));
+    } else {
+        // Even if an external display isn't present, we still need to send
+        // at least two displays down to HWC1
+        requestedContents.push_back(nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Push the hardware virtual display, if supported and present
+    if (mHwc1MinorVersion >= 3) {
+        if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL) != 0) {
+            auto virtualDisplayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_VIRTUAL];
+            auto& virtualDisplay = mDisplays[virtualDisplayId];
+            auto virtualDisplayContents =
+                    virtualDisplay->cloneRequestedContents();
+            requestedContents.push_back(std::move(virtualDisplayContents));
+        } else {
+            requestedContents.push_back(nullptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mHwc1Contents.clear();
+    for (auto& displayContents : requestedContents) {
+        mHwc1Contents.push_back(displayContents.get());
+        if (!displayContents) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ALOGV("Display %zd layers:", mHwc1Contents.size() - 1);
+        for (size_t l = 0; l < displayContents->numHwLayers; ++l) {
+            auto& layer = displayContents->hwLayers[l];
+            ALOGV("  %zd: %d", l, layer.compositionType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Calling HWC1 prepare");
+    {
+        ATRACE_NAME("HWC1 prepare");
+        mHwc1Device->prepare(mHwc1Device, mHwc1Contents.size(),
+                mHwc1Contents.data());
+    }
+
+    for (size_t c = 0; c < mHwc1Contents.size(); ++c) {
+        auto& contents = mHwc1Contents[c];
+        if (!contents) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        ALOGV("Display %zd layers:", c);
+        for (size_t l = 0; l < contents->numHwLayers; ++l) {
+            ALOGV("  %zd: %d", l, contents->hwLayers[l].compositionType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Return the received contents to their respective displays
+    for (size_t hwc1Id = 0; hwc1Id < mHwc1Contents.size(); ++hwc1Id) {
+        if (mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id] == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1Id];
+        auto& display = mDisplays[displayId];
+        display->setReceivedContents(std::move(requestedContents[hwc1Id]));
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+Error HWC2On1Adapter::setAllDisplays()
+{
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    // Make sure we're ready to validate
+    for (size_t hwc1Id = 0; hwc1Id < mHwc1Contents.size(); ++hwc1Id) {
+        if (mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id] == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1Id];
+        auto& display = mDisplays[displayId];
+        Error error = display->set(*mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id]);
+        if (error != Error::None) {
+            ALOGE("setAllDisplays: Failed to set display %zd: %s", hwc1Id,
+                    to_string(error).c_str());
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Calling HWC1 set");
+    {
+        ATRACE_NAME("HWC1 set");
+        mHwc1Device->set(mHwc1Device, mHwc1Contents.size(),
+                mHwc1Contents.data());
+    }
+
+    // Add retire and release fences
+    for (size_t hwc1Id = 0; hwc1Id < mHwc1Contents.size(); ++hwc1Id) {
+        if (mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id] == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1Id];
+        auto& display = mDisplays[displayId];
+        auto retireFenceFd = mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id]->retireFenceFd;
+        ALOGV("setAllDisplays: Adding retire fence %d to display %zd",
+                retireFenceFd, hwc1Id);
+        display->addRetireFence(mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id]->retireFenceFd);
+        display->addReleaseFences(*mHwc1Contents[hwc1Id]);
+    }
+
+    return Error::None;
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::hwc1Invalidate()
+{
+    ALOGV("Received hwc1Invalidate");
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    // If the HWC2-side callback hasn't been registered yet, buffer this until
+    // it is registered
+    if (mCallbacks.count(Callback::Refresh) == 0) {
+        mHasPendingInvalidate = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& callbackInfo = mCallbacks[Callback::Refresh];
+    std::vector<hwc2_display_t> displays;
+    for (const auto& displayPair : mDisplays) {
+        displays.emplace_back(displayPair.first);
+    }
+
+    // Call back without the state lock held
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    auto refresh = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_REFRESH>(callbackInfo.pointer);
+    for (auto display : displays) {
+        refresh(callbackInfo.data, display);
+    }
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::hwc1Vsync(int hwc1DisplayId, int64_t timestamp)
+{
+    ALOGV("Received hwc1Vsync(%d, %" PRId64 ")", hwc1DisplayId, timestamp);
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    // If the HWC2-side callback hasn't been registered yet, buffer this until
+    // it is registered
+    if (mCallbacks.count(Callback::Vsync) == 0) {
+        mPendingVsyncs.emplace_back(hwc1DisplayId, timestamp);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(hwc1DisplayId) == 0) {
+        ALOGE("hwc1Vsync: Couldn't find display for HWC1 id %d", hwc1DisplayId);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& callbackInfo = mCallbacks[Callback::Vsync];
+    auto displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1DisplayId];
+
+    // Call back without the state lock held
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    auto vsync = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_VSYNC>(callbackInfo.pointer);
+    vsync(callbackInfo.data, displayId, timestamp);
+}
+
+void HWC2On1Adapter::hwc1Hotplug(int hwc1DisplayId, int connected)
+{
+    ALOGV("Received hwc1Hotplug(%d, %d)", hwc1DisplayId, connected);
+
+    if (hwc1DisplayId != HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL) {
+        ALOGE("hwc1Hotplug: Received hotplug for non-external display");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::timed_mutex> lock(mStateMutex);
+
+    // If the HWC2-side callback hasn't been registered yet, buffer this until
+    // it is registered
+    if (mCallbacks.count(Callback::Hotplug) == 0) {
+        mPendingHotplugs.emplace_back(hwc1DisplayId, connected);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    hwc2_display_t displayId = UINT64_MAX;
+    if (mHwc1DisplayMap.count(hwc1DisplayId) == 0) {
+        if (connected == 0) {
+            ALOGW("hwc1Hotplug: Received disconnect for unconnected display");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Create a new display on connect
+        auto display = std::make_shared<HWC2On1Adapter::Display>(*this,
+                HWC2::DisplayType::Physical);
+        display->setHwc1Id(HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL);
+        display->populateConfigs();
+        displayId = display->getId();
+        mHwc1DisplayMap[HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL] = displayId;
+        mDisplays.emplace(displayId, std::move(display));
+    } else {
+        if (connected != 0) {
+            ALOGW("hwc1Hotplug: Received connect for previously connected "
+                    "display");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Disconnect an existing display
+        displayId = mHwc1DisplayMap[hwc1DisplayId];
+        mHwc1DisplayMap.erase(HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL);
+        mDisplays.erase(displayId);
+    }
+
+    const auto& callbackInfo = mCallbacks[Callback::Hotplug];
+
+    // Call back without the state lock held
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    auto hotplug = reinterpret_cast<HWC2_PFN_HOTPLUG>(callbackInfo.pointer);
+    auto hwc2Connected = (connected == 0) ?
+            HWC2::Connection::Disconnected : HWC2::Connection::Connected;
+    hotplug(callbackInfo.data, displayId, static_cast<int32_t>(hwc2Connected));
+}
+
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.h b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..500c48f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/DisplayHardware/HWC2On1Adapter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_SF_HWC2_ON_1_ADAPTER_H
+#define ANDROID_SF_HWC2_ON_1_ADAPTER_H
+
+#define HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#define HWC2_USE_CPP11
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
+#undef HWC2_INCLUDE_STRINGIFICATION
+#undef HWC2_USE_CPP11
+
+#include <ui/Fence.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct hwc_composer_device_1;
+struct hwc_display_contents_1;
+struct hwc_layer_1;
+
+namespace android {
+
+class HWC2On1Adapter : public hwc2_device_t
+{
+public:
+    HWC2On1Adapter(struct hwc_composer_device_1* hwc1Device);
+    ~HWC2On1Adapter();
+
+    struct hwc_composer_device_1* getHwc1Device() const { return mHwc1Device; }
+    uint8_t getHwc1MinorVersion() const { return mHwc1MinorVersion; }
+
+private:
+    static inline HWC2On1Adapter* getAdapter(hwc2_device_t* device) {
+        return static_cast<HWC2On1Adapter*>(device);
+    }
+
+    // getCapabilities
+
+    void doGetCapabilities(uint32_t* outCount,
+            int32_t* /*hwc2_capability_t*/ outCapabilities);
+    static void getCapabilitiesHook(hwc2_device_t* device, uint32_t* outCount,
+            int32_t* /*hwc2_capability_t*/ outCapabilities) {
+        getAdapter(device)->doGetCapabilities(outCount, outCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    // getFunction
+
+    hwc2_function_pointer_t doGetFunction(HWC2::FunctionDescriptor descriptor);
+    static hwc2_function_pointer_t getFunctionHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            int32_t intDesc) {
+        auto descriptor = static_cast<HWC2::FunctionDescriptor>(intDesc);
+        return getAdapter(device)->doGetFunction(descriptor);
+    }
+
+    // Device functions
+
+    HWC2::Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+            hwc2_display_t* outDisplay);
+    static int32_t createVirtualDisplayHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            uint32_t width, uint32_t height, hwc2_display_t* outDisplay) {
+        auto error = getAdapter(device)->createVirtualDisplay(width, height,
+                outDisplay);
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+    }
+
+    HWC2::Error destroyVirtualDisplay(hwc2_display_t display);
+    static int32_t destroyVirtualDisplayHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display) {
+        auto error = getAdapter(device)->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+    }
+
+    std::string mDumpString;
+    void dump(uint32_t* outSize, char* outBuffer);
+    static void dumpHook(hwc2_device_t* device, uint32_t* outSize,
+            char* outBuffer) {
+        getAdapter(device)->dump(outSize, outBuffer);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+    static uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCountHook(hwc2_device_t* device) {
+        return getAdapter(device)->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+    }
+
+    HWC2::Error registerCallback(HWC2::Callback descriptor,
+            hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData, hwc2_function_pointer_t pointer);
+    static int32_t registerCallbackHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            int32_t intDesc, hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+            hwc2_function_pointer_t pointer) {
+        auto descriptor = static_cast<HWC2::Callback>(intDesc);
+        auto error = getAdapter(device)->registerCallback(descriptor,
+                callbackData, pointer);
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+    }
+
+    // Display functions
+
+    class Layer;
+
+    class SortLayersByZ {
+        public:
+            bool operator()(const std::shared_ptr<Layer>& lhs,
+                    const std::shared_ptr<Layer>& rhs);
+    };
+
+    class DisplayContentsDeleter {
+        public:
+            void operator()(struct hwc_display_contents_1* contents);
+    };
+
+    class DeferredFence {
+        public:
+            DeferredFence()
+              : mMutex(),
+                mFences({Fence::NO_FENCE, Fence::NO_FENCE}) {}
+
+            void add(int32_t fenceFd) {
+                mFences.emplace(new Fence(fenceFd));
+                mFences.pop();
+            }
+
+            const sp<Fence>& get() const {
+                return mFences.front();
+            }
+
+        private:
+            mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+            std::queue<sp<Fence>> mFences;
+    };
+
+    class FencedBuffer {
+        public:
+            FencedBuffer() : mBuffer(nullptr), mFence(Fence::NO_FENCE) {}
+
+            void setBuffer(buffer_handle_t buffer) { mBuffer = buffer; }
+            void setFence(int fenceFd) { mFence = new Fence(fenceFd); }
+
+            buffer_handle_t getBuffer() const { return mBuffer; }
+            int getFence() const { return mFence->dup(); }
+
+        private:
+            buffer_handle_t mBuffer;
+            sp<Fence> mFence;
+    };
+
+    class Display {
+        public:
+            typedef std::unique_ptr<hwc_display_contents_1,
+                    DisplayContentsDeleter> HWC1Contents;
+
+            Display(HWC2On1Adapter& device, HWC2::DisplayType type);
+
+            hwc2_display_t getId() const { return mId; }
+            HWC2On1Adapter& getDevice() const { return mDevice; }
+
+            // Does not require locking because it is set before adding the
+            // Displays to the Adapter's list of displays
+            void setHwc1Id(int32_t id) { mHwc1Id = id; }
+            int32_t getHwc1Id() const { return mHwc1Id; }
+
+            void incDirty() { ++mDirtyCount; }
+            void decDirty() { --mDirtyCount; }
+            bool isDirty() const { return mDirtyCount > 0 || mZIsDirty; }
+
+            // HWC2 Display functions
+            HWC2::Error acceptChanges();
+            HWC2::Error createLayer(hwc2_layer_t* outLayerId);
+            HWC2::Error destroyLayer(hwc2_layer_t layerId);
+            HWC2::Error getActiveConfig(hwc2_config_t* outConfigId);
+            HWC2::Error getAttribute(hwc2_config_t configId,
+                    HWC2::Attribute attribute, int32_t* outValue);
+            HWC2::Error getChangedCompositionTypes(uint32_t* outNumElements,
+                    hwc2_layer_t* outLayers, int32_t* outTypes);
+            HWC2::Error getConfigs(uint32_t* outNumConfigs,
+                    hwc2_config_t* outConfigIds);
+            HWC2::Error getDozeSupport(int32_t* outSupport);
+            HWC2::Error getName(uint32_t* outSize, char* outName);
+            HWC2::Error getReleaseFences(uint32_t* outNumElements,
+                    hwc2_layer_t* outLayers, int32_t* outFences);
+            HWC2::Error getRequests(int32_t* outDisplayRequests,
+                    uint32_t* outNumElements, hwc2_layer_t* outLayers,
+                    int32_t* outLayerRequests);
+            HWC2::Error getType(int32_t* outType);
+            HWC2::Error present(int32_t* outRetireFence);
+            HWC2::Error setActiveConfig(hwc2_config_t configId);
+            HWC2::Error setClientTarget(buffer_handle_t target,
+                    int32_t acquireFence, int32_t dataspace);
+            HWC2::Error setOutputBuffer(buffer_handle_t buffer,
+                    int32_t releaseFence);
+            HWC2::Error setPowerMode(HWC2::PowerMode mode);
+            HWC2::Error setVsyncEnabled(HWC2::Vsync enabled);
+            HWC2::Error validate(uint32_t* outNumTypes,
+                    uint32_t* outNumRequests);
+
+            HWC2::Error updateLayerZ(hwc2_layer_t layerId, uint32_t z);
+
+            // Read configs from HWC1 device
+            void populateConfigs();
+
+            // Set configs for a virtual display
+            void populateConfigs(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+
+            bool prepare();
+            HWC1Contents cloneRequestedContents() const;
+            void setReceivedContents(HWC1Contents contents);
+            bool hasChanges() const;
+            HWC2::Error set(hwc_display_contents_1& hwcContents);
+            void addRetireFence(int fenceFd);
+            void addReleaseFences(const hwc_display_contents_1& hwcContents);
+
+            std::string dump() const;
+
+        private:
+            class Config {
+                public:
+                    Config(Display& display, hwc2_config_t id, uint32_t hwcId)
+                      : mDisplay(display),
+                        mId(id),
+                        mHwcId(hwcId) {}
+
+                    bool isOnDisplay(const Display& display) const {
+                        return display.getId() == mDisplay.getId();
+                    }
+
+                    hwc2_config_t getId() const { return mId; }
+                    uint32_t getHwcId() const { return mHwcId; }
+
+                    void setAttribute(HWC2::Attribute attribute, int32_t value);
+                    int32_t getAttribute(HWC2::Attribute attribute) const;
+
+                    std::string toString() const;
+
+                private:
+                    Display& mDisplay;
+                    const hwc2_config_t mId;
+                    const uint32_t mHwcId;
+                    std::unordered_map<HWC2::Attribute, int32_t> mAttributes;
+            };
+
+            class Changes {
+                public:
+                    uint32_t getNumTypes() const {
+                        return static_cast<uint32_t>(mTypeChanges.size());
+                    }
+
+                    uint32_t getNumLayerRequests() const {
+                        return static_cast<uint32_t>(mLayerRequests.size());
+                    }
+
+                    const std::unordered_map<hwc2_layer_t, HWC2::Composition>&
+                            getTypeChanges() const {
+                        return mTypeChanges;
+                    }
+
+                    const std::unordered_map<hwc2_layer_t, HWC2::LayerRequest>&
+                            getLayerRequests() const {
+                        return mLayerRequests;
+                    }
+
+                    int32_t getDisplayRequests() const {
+                        int32_t requests = 0;
+                        for (auto request : mDisplayRequests) {
+                            requests |= static_cast<int32_t>(request);
+                        }
+                        return requests;
+                    }
+
+                    void addTypeChange(hwc2_layer_t layerId,
+                            HWC2::Composition type) {
+                        mTypeChanges.insert({layerId, type});
+                    }
+
+                    void clearTypeChanges() { mTypeChanges.clear(); }
+
+                    void addLayerRequest(hwc2_layer_t layerId,
+                            HWC2::LayerRequest request) {
+                        mLayerRequests.insert({layerId, request});
+                    }
+
+                private:
+                    std::unordered_map<hwc2_layer_t, HWC2::Composition>
+                            mTypeChanges;
+                    std::unordered_map<hwc2_layer_t, HWC2::LayerRequest>
+                            mLayerRequests;
+                    std::unordered_set<HWC2::DisplayRequest> mDisplayRequests;
+            };
+
+            std::shared_ptr<const Config>
+                    getConfig(hwc2_config_t configId) const;
+
+            void reallocateHwc1Contents();
+            void assignHwc1LayerIds();
+
+            void updateTypeChanges(const struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    const Layer& layer);
+            void updateLayerRequests(const struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    const Layer& layer);
+
+            void prepareFramebufferTarget();
+
+            static std::atomic<hwc2_display_t> sNextId;
+            const hwc2_display_t mId;
+            HWC2On1Adapter& mDevice;
+
+            std::atomic<size_t> mDirtyCount;
+
+            // The state of this display should only be modified from
+            // SurfaceFlinger's main loop, with the exception of when dump is
+            // called. To prevent a bad state from crashing us during a dump
+            // call, all public calls into Display must acquire this mutex.
+            //
+            // It is recursive because we don't want to deadlock in validate
+            // (or present) when we call HWC2On1Adapter::prepareAllDisplays
+            // (or setAllDisplays), which calls back into Display functions
+            // which require locking.
+            mutable std::recursive_mutex mStateMutex;
+
+            bool mZIsDirty;
+            HWC1Contents mHwc1RequestedContents;
+            HWC1Contents mHwc1ReceivedContents;
+            DeferredFence mRetireFence;
+
+            // Will only be non-null after the layer has been validated but
+            // before it has been presented
+            std::unique_ptr<Changes> mChanges;
+
+            int32_t mHwc1Id;
+            std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Config>> mConfigs;
+            std::shared_ptr<const Config> mActiveConfig;
+            std::string mName;
+            HWC2::DisplayType mType;
+            HWC2::PowerMode mPowerMode;
+            HWC2::Vsync mVsyncEnabled;
+
+            FencedBuffer mClientTarget;
+            FencedBuffer mOutputBuffer;
+
+            std::multiset<std::shared_ptr<Layer>, SortLayersByZ> mLayers;
+            std::unordered_map<size_t, std::shared_ptr<Layer>> mHwc1LayerMap;
+    };
+
+    template <typename ...Args>
+    static int32_t callDisplayFunction(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t displayId, HWC2::Error (Display::*member)(Args...),
+            Args... args) {
+        auto display = getAdapter(device)->getDisplay(displayId);
+        if (!display) {
+            return static_cast<int32_t>(HWC2::Error::BadDisplay);
+        }
+        auto error = ((*display).*member)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+    }
+
+    template <typename MF, MF memFunc, typename ...Args>
+    static int32_t displayHook(hwc2_device_t* device, hwc2_display_t displayId,
+            Args... args) {
+        return HWC2On1Adapter::callDisplayFunction(device, displayId, memFunc,
+                std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t getDisplayAttributeHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_config_t config,
+            int32_t intAttribute, int32_t* outValue) {
+        auto attribute = static_cast<HWC2::Attribute>(intAttribute);
+        return callDisplayFunction(device, display, &Display::getAttribute,
+                config, attribute, outValue);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t setPowerModeHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, int32_t intMode) {
+        auto mode = static_cast<HWC2::PowerMode>(intMode);
+        return callDisplayFunction(device, display, &Display::setPowerMode,
+                mode);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t setVsyncEnabledHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, int32_t intEnabled) {
+        auto enabled = static_cast<HWC2::Vsync>(intEnabled);
+        return callDisplayFunction(device, display, &Display::setVsyncEnabled,
+                enabled);
+    }
+
+    // Layer functions
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class LatchedState {
+        public:
+            LatchedState(Layer& parent, T initialValue)
+              : mParent(parent),
+                mPendingValue(initialValue),
+                mValue(initialValue) {}
+
+            void setPending(T value) {
+                if (value == mPendingValue) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mPendingValue == mValue) {
+                    mParent.incDirty();
+                } else if (value == mValue) {
+                    mParent.decDirty();
+                }
+                mPendingValue = value;
+            }
+
+            T getValue() const { return mValue; }
+            T getPendingValue() const { return mPendingValue; }
+
+            bool isDirty() const { return mPendingValue != mValue; }
+
+            void latch() {
+                if (isDirty()) {
+                    mValue = mPendingValue;
+                    mParent.decDirty();
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            Layer& mParent;
+            T mPendingValue;
+            T mValue;
+    };
+
+    class Layer {
+        public:
+            Layer(Display& display);
+
+            bool operator==(const Layer& other) { return mId == other.mId; }
+            bool operator!=(const Layer& other) { return !(*this == other); }
+
+            hwc2_layer_t getId() const { return mId; }
+            Display& getDisplay() const { return mDisplay; }
+
+            void incDirty() { if (mDirtyCount++ == 0) mDisplay.incDirty(); }
+            void decDirty() { if (--mDirtyCount == 0) mDisplay.decDirty(); }
+            bool isDirty() const { return mDirtyCount > 0; }
+
+            // HWC2 Layer functions
+            HWC2::Error setBuffer(buffer_handle_t buffer, int32_t acquireFence);
+            HWC2::Error setCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y);
+            HWC2::Error setSurfaceDamage(hwc_region_t damage);
+
+            // HWC2 Layer state functions
+            HWC2::Error setBlendMode(HWC2::BlendMode mode);
+            HWC2::Error setColor(hwc_color_t color);
+            HWC2::Error setCompositionType(HWC2::Composition type);
+            HWC2::Error setDisplayFrame(hwc_rect_t frame);
+            HWC2::Error setPlaneAlpha(float alpha);
+            HWC2::Error setSidebandStream(const native_handle_t* stream);
+            HWC2::Error setSourceCrop(hwc_frect_t crop);
+            HWC2::Error setTransform(HWC2::Transform transform);
+            HWC2::Error setVisibleRegion(hwc_region_t visible);
+            HWC2::Error setZ(uint32_t z);
+
+            HWC2::Composition getCompositionType() const {
+                return mCompositionType.getValue();
+            }
+            uint32_t getZ() const { return mZ; }
+
+            void addReleaseFence(int fenceFd);
+            const sp<Fence>& getReleaseFence() const;
+
+            void setHwc1Id(size_t id) { mHwc1Id = id; }
+            size_t getHwc1Id() const { return mHwc1Id; }
+
+            void applyState(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer, bool applyAllState);
+
+            std::string dump() const;
+
+        private:
+            void applyCommonState(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    bool applyAllState);
+            void applySolidColorState(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    bool applyAllState);
+            void applySidebandState(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    bool applyAllState);
+            void applyBufferState(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer);
+            void applyCompositionType(struct hwc_layer_1& hwc1Layer,
+                    bool applyAllState);
+
+            static std::atomic<hwc2_layer_t> sNextId;
+            const hwc2_layer_t mId;
+            Display& mDisplay;
+            size_t mDirtyCount;
+
+            FencedBuffer mBuffer;
+            std::vector<hwc_rect_t> mSurfaceDamage;
+
+            LatchedState<HWC2::BlendMode> mBlendMode;
+            LatchedState<hwc_color_t> mColor;
+            LatchedState<HWC2::Composition> mCompositionType;
+            LatchedState<hwc_rect_t> mDisplayFrame;
+            LatchedState<float> mPlaneAlpha;
+            LatchedState<const native_handle_t*> mSidebandStream;
+            LatchedState<hwc_frect_t> mSourceCrop;
+            LatchedState<HWC2::Transform> mTransform;
+            LatchedState<std::vector<hwc_rect_t>> mVisibleRegion;
+            uint32_t mZ;
+
+            DeferredFence mReleaseFence;
+
+            size_t mHwc1Id;
+            bool mHasUnsupportedPlaneAlpha;
+    };
+
+    template <typename ...Args>
+    static int32_t callLayerFunction(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t displayId, hwc2_layer_t layerId,
+            HWC2::Error (Layer::*member)(Args...), Args... args) {
+        auto result = getAdapter(device)->getLayer(displayId, layerId);
+        auto error = std::get<HWC2::Error>(result);
+        if (error == HWC2::Error::None) {
+            auto layer = std::get<Layer*>(result);
+            error = ((*layer).*member)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(error);
+    }
+
+    template <typename MF, MF memFunc, typename ...Args>
+    static int32_t layerHook(hwc2_device_t* device, hwc2_display_t displayId,
+            hwc2_layer_t layerId, Args... args) {
+        return HWC2On1Adapter::callLayerFunction(device, displayId, layerId,
+                memFunc, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    // Layer state functions
+
+    static int32_t setLayerBlendModeHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer, int32_t intMode) {
+        auto mode = static_cast<HWC2::BlendMode>(intMode);
+        return callLayerFunction(device, display, layer,
+                &Layer::setBlendMode, mode);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t setLayerCompositionTypeHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer, int32_t intType) {
+        auto type = static_cast<HWC2::Composition>(intType);
+        return callLayerFunction(device, display, layer,
+                &Layer::setCompositionType, type);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t setLayerTransformHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer, int32_t intTransform) {
+        auto transform = static_cast<HWC2::Transform>(intTransform);
+        return callLayerFunction(device, display, layer, &Layer::setTransform,
+                transform);
+    }
+
+    static int32_t setLayerZOrderHook(hwc2_device_t* device,
+            hwc2_display_t display, hwc2_layer_t layer, uint32_t z) {
+        return callDisplayFunction(device, display, &Display::updateLayerZ,
+                layer, z);
+    }
+
+    // Adapter internals
+
+    void populateCapabilities();
+    Display* getDisplay(hwc2_display_t id);
+    std::tuple<Layer*, HWC2::Error> getLayer(hwc2_display_t displayId,
+            hwc2_layer_t layerId);
+    void populatePrimary();
+
+    bool prepareAllDisplays();
+    std::vector<struct hwc_display_contents_1*> mHwc1Contents;
+    HWC2::Error setAllDisplays();
+
+    void hwc1Invalidate();
+    void hwc1Vsync(int hwc1DisplayId, int64_t timestamp);
+    void hwc1Hotplug(int hwc1DisplayId, int connected);
+
+    // These are set in the constructor and before any asynchronous events are
+    // possible
+
+    struct hwc_composer_device_1* const mHwc1Device;
+    const uint8_t mHwc1MinorVersion;
+    bool mHwc1SupportsVirtualDisplays;
+
+    class Callbacks;
+    const std::unique_ptr<Callbacks> mHwc1Callbacks;
+
+    std::unordered_set<HWC2::Capability> mCapabilities;
+
+    // These are only accessed from the main SurfaceFlinger thread (not from
+    // callbacks or dump
+
+    std::map<hwc2_layer_t, std::shared_ptr<Layer>> mLayers;
+    std::shared_ptr<Display> mHwc1VirtualDisplay;
+
+    // These are potentially accessed from multiple threads, and are protected
+    // by this mutex
+    std::timed_mutex mStateMutex;
+
+    struct CallbackInfo {
+        hwc2_callback_data_t data;
+        hwc2_function_pointer_t pointer;
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<HWC2::Callback, CallbackInfo> mCallbacks;
+    bool mHasPendingInvalidate;
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, int64_t>> mPendingVsyncs;
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> mPendingHotplugs;
+
+    std::map<hwc2_display_t, std::shared_ptr<Display>> mDisplays;
+    std::unordered_map<int, hwc2_display_t> mHwc1DisplayMap;
+};
+
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif