diff --git a/boot/1.0/Android.bp b/boot/1.0/Android.bp
index d67972f..4eb728d 100644
--- a/boot/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/boot/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.boot@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/boot/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/boot/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IBootControl.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/BootControl.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.boot@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/boot/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/boot/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IBootControl.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/BootControl.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 9b30ef1..d3a3851 100644
--- a/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Boot Control v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_boot@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  BootControl.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.boot@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for boot.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/light/2.0/Android.bp b/light/2.0/Android.bp
index 60e8f8e..a98801c 100644
--- a/light/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/light/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.light@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/light/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/light/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "ILight.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/Light.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.light@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/light/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/light/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "ILight.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/Light.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.light@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk b/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
index 0df4772..089503b 100644
--- a/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,34 +16,4 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Light v2.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_light@2.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-    Light.vts \
-    types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-    android.hardware.light@2.0 \
-    libbase \
-    libutils \
-    libcutils \
-    liblog \
-    libhidlbase \
-    libhidltransport \
-    libhwbinder \
-    libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-    libvts_common \
-    libvts_datatype \
-    libvts_measurement \
-    libvts_multidevice_proto
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp b/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
index b56ffeb..c80ebf8 100644
--- a/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IMemtrack.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/Memtrack.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IMemtrack.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/Memtrack.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.memtrack@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8a5ceb1..4a5ca4f 100644
--- a/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for memtrack v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_memtrack@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Memtrack.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for memtrack.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/nfc/1.0/Android.bp b/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
index 0c70f10..930fb14 100644
--- a/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 genrule {
     name: "android.hardware.nfc.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
     tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -L vts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
     srcs: [
         "types.hal",
         "INfc.hal",
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 genrule {
     name: "android.hardware.nfc.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
     tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -L vts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
     srcs: [
         "types.hal",
         "INfc.hal",
diff --git a/power/1.0/Android.bp b/power/1.0/Android.bp
index 3503f0e..2eb9e34 100644
--- a/power/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/power/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.power@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/power/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/power/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IPower.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/Power.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.power@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/power/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/power/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IPower.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/Power.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 4164baf..db7e98e 100644
--- a/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Power v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_power@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Power.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.power@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for power.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/thermal/1.0/Android.bp b/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
index b887f16..c73ab42 100644
--- a/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.thermal@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/thermal/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/thermal/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IThermal.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/Thermal.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.thermal@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/thermal/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/thermal/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IThermal.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/Thermal.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.thermal@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp b/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
index 53b1ce8..b6dc3b1 100644
--- a/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -62,3 +62,65 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IHdmiCec.hal",
+        "IHdmiCecCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCec.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCecCallback.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IHdmiCec.hal",
+        "IHdmiCecCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCec.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCecCallback.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index d25fb31..a7eeb33 100644
--- a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,38 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for TvCec v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_tv_cec@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  HdmiCec.vts \
-  HdmiCecCallback.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-
 # build VTS profiler for HdmiCec
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
@@ -117,4 +85,4 @@
 
 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
 
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
\ No newline at end of file
+include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp b/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
index 6c96d3f..571ef2b 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -62,3 +62,65 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVehicle.hal",
+        "IVehicleCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/Vehicle.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/VehicleCallback.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVehicle.hal",
+        "IVehicleCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/Vehicle.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/VehicleCallback.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vehicle@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk b/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8370067..b7f185d 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,38 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vehicle v2.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vehicle@2.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vehicle.vts \
-  VehicleCallback.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-
 # build profiler for Vehicle.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp b/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
index 75a3bfa..ec97cfb 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVibrator.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/Vibrator.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVibrator.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/Vibrator.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 080eb88..084dcf7 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vibrator v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vibrator@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vibrator.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for vibrator.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/vr/1.0/Android.bp b/vr/1.0/Android.bp
index 57c9257..240b7ad 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vr/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -50,3 +50,57 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vr@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vr/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vr/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "IVr.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vr/1.0/Vr.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vr@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vr/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vr/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "IVr.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vr/1.0/Vr.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vr@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8a1312d..ac1cad5 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,35 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vr v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vr@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vr.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vr@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for Vr.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)