diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 06d4416..6996ad9 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@
   "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "TetheringPrivilegedTests"
+    },
+    // TODO: move to presubmit when known green.
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
@@ -54,6 +58,10 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a56f76e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "bpf_existence_test",
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    require_root: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmodules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "bpf_existence_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    min_sdk_version: "29",  // Ensure test runs on Q and above.
+}
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e3df57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * bpf_existence_test.cpp - checks that the device runs expected BPF programs
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using std::find;
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastR;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT;
+
+class BpfExistenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+};
+
+static const vector<string> INTRODUCED_R = {
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const vector<string> INTRODUCED_S = {
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_rawip",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_rawip",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_rawip",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_rawip",
+};
+
+static const vector<string> REMOVED_S = {
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    "/sys/fs/bpf/prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const vector<string> INTRODUCED_T = {
+};
+
+static const vector<string> REMOVED_T = {
+};
+
+void addAll(vector<string>* a, const vector<string>& b) {
+    a->insert(a->end(), b.begin(), b.end());
+}
+
+void removeAll(vector<string>* a, const vector<string> b) {
+    for (const auto& toRemove : b) {
+        auto iter = find(a->begin(), a->end(), toRemove);
+        while (iter != a->end()) {
+            a->erase(iter);
+            iter = find(a->begin(), a->end(), toRemove);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void getFileLists(vector<string>* expected, vector<string>* unexpected) {
+    unexpected->clear();
+    expected->clear();
+
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+
+    if (IsAtLeastR()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        // Nothing removed in R.
+    }
+
+    if (IsAtLeastS()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_S);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_S);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_S);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    }
+
+    // Nothing added or removed in SCv2.
+
+    if (IsAtLeastT()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_T);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_T);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_T);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+    }
+}
+
+void checkFiles() {
+    vector<string> mustExist;
+    vector<string> mustNotExist;
+
+    getFileLists(&mustExist, &mustNotExist);
+
+    for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
+    }
+    for (const auto& file : mustNotExist) {
+        int ret = access(file.c_str(), R_OK);
+        int err = errno;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-1, ret) << file << " unexpectedly exists";
+        if (ret == -1) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, err) << " accessing " << file << " failed with errno " << err;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfExistenceTest, TestPrograms) {
+    // Pre-flight check to ensure test has been updated.
+    uint64_t buildVersionSdk = android::base::GetUintProperty<uint64_t>("ro.build.version.sdk", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(0, buildVersionSdk) << "Unable to determine device SDK version";
+    if (buildVersionSdk > 33 && buildVersionSdk != 10000) {
+            FAIL() << "Unknown OS version " << buildVersionSdk << ", please update this test";
+    }
+
+    // Only unconfined root is guaranteed to be able to access everything in /sys/fs/bpf.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, getuid()) << "This test must run as root.";
+
+    checkFiles();
+}