diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 0ce43cc..54291a1 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 {
   "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests"
+    },
     // Run in addition to mainline-presubmit as mainline-presubmit is not
     // supported in every branch.
     // CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk uses stable API shims, so does not exercise
@@ -19,11 +22,6 @@
       "name": "TetheringIntegrationTests"
     }
   ],
-  "postsubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests"
-    }
-  ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
     {
       "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
@@ -32,6 +30,9 @@
           "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
         }
       ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-postsubmit": [
@@ -42,9 +43,6 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ConnectivityCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index bd7ebda..88c885a 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -67,6 +67,20 @@
     name: "com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment",
     contents: ["framework-tethering"],
     apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+
+    // The bootclasspath_fragments that provide APIs on which this depends.
+    fragments: [
+        {
+            apex: "com.android.art",
+            module: "art-bootclasspath-fragment",
+        },
+    ],
+
+    // Additional stubs libraries that this fragment's contents use which are
+    // not provided by another bootclasspath_fragment.
+    additional_stubs: [
+        "android-non-updatable",
+    ],
 }
 
 override_apex {
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/manifest.json b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
index 8836c4e..88f13b2 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
+++ b/Tethering/apex/manifest.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "name": "com.android.tethering",
-  "version": 300900700
+  "version": 319999900
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/bpf_progs/offload.c b/Tethering/bpf_progs/offload.c
index 6ff370c..336d27a 100644
--- a/Tethering/bpf_progs/offload.c
+++ b/Tethering/bpf_progs/offload.c
@@ -569,6 +569,16 @@
     // For a rawip tx interface it will simply be a bunch of zeroes and later stripped.
     *eth = v->macHeader;
 
+    // Decrement the IPv4 TTL, we already know it's greater than 1.
+    // u8 TTL field is followed by u8 protocol to make a u16 for ipv4 header checksum update.
+    // Since we're keeping the ipv4 checksum valid (which means the checksum of the entire
+    // ipv4 header remains 0), the overall checksum of the entire packet does not change.
+    const int sz2 = sizeof(__be16);
+    const __be16 old_ttl_proto = *(__be16 *)&ip->ttl;
+    const __be16 new_ttl_proto = old_ttl_proto - htons(0x0100);
+    bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(check), old_ttl_proto, new_ttl_proto, sz2);
+    bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(ttl), &new_ttl_proto, sz2, 0);
+
     const int l4_offs_csum = is_tcp ? ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(check) : ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(check);
     const int sz4 = sizeof(__be32);
     // UDP 0 is special and stored as FFFF (this flag also causes a csum of 0 to be unmodified)
@@ -586,7 +596,6 @@
     bpf_l3_csum_replace(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(check), old_saddr, new_saddr, sz4);
     bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, ETH_IP4_OFFSET(saddr), &new_saddr, sz4, 0);
 
-    const int sz2 = sizeof(__be16);
     // The offsets for TCP and UDP ports: source (u16 @ L4 offset 0) & dest (u16 @ L4 offset 2) are
     // actually the same, so the compiler should just optimize them both down to a constant.
     bpf_l4_csum_replace(skb, l4_offs_csum, k.srcPort, v->srcPort, sz2 | l4_flags);
@@ -597,8 +606,6 @@
     bpf_skb_store_bytes(skb, is_tcp ? ETH_IP4_TCP_OFFSET(dest) : ETH_IP4_UDP_OFFSET(dest),
                         &v->dstPort, sz2, 0);
 
-    // TEMP HACK: lack of TTL decrement
-
     // This requires the bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns() helper which was added in 5.8,
     // and backported to all Android Common Kernel 4.14+ trees.
     if (updatetime) v->last_used = bpf_ktime_get_boot_ns();
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 822bdf6..859f23a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
 
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkStackStatusCallback;
@@ -755,6 +756,9 @@
         // deprecation of any existing RA data.
 
         setRaParams(params);
+        // Be aware that updateIpv6ForwardingRules use mLastIPv6LinkProperties, so this line should
+        // be eariler than updateIpv6ForwardingRules.
+        // TODO: avoid this dependencies and move this logic into BpfCoordinator.
         mLastIPv6LinkProperties = v6only;
 
         updateIpv6ForwardingRules(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, upstreamIfIndex, null);
@@ -892,12 +896,20 @@
         mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadRuleUpdate(this, newIfindex);
     }
 
+    private boolean isIpv6VcnNetworkInterface() {
+        if (mLastIPv6LinkProperties == null) return false;
+
+        return isVcnInterface(mLastIPv6LinkProperties.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
     // Handles all updates to IPv6 forwarding rules. These can currently change only if the upstream
     // changes or if a neighbor event is received.
     private void updateIpv6ForwardingRules(int prevUpstreamIfindex, int upstreamIfindex,
             NeighborEvent e) {
-        // If we no longer have an upstream, clear forwarding rules and do nothing else.
-        if (upstreamIfindex == 0) {
+        // If no longer have an upstream or it is virtual network, clear forwarding rules and do
+        // nothing else.
+        // TODO: Rather than always clear rules, ensure whether ipv6 ever enable first.
+        if (upstreamIfindex == 0 || isIpv6VcnNetworkInterface()) {
             clearIpv6ForwardingRules();
             return;
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 8952da9..01be97a 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.DOWNSTREAM;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfUtils.UPSTREAM;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS;
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
 
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.net.INetd;
@@ -666,6 +667,8 @@
 
         if (upstreamIfindex == 0 || TextUtils.isEmpty(upstreamIface)) return;
 
+        if (isVcnInterface(upstreamIface)) return;
+
         // The same interface index to name mapping may be added by different IpServer objects or
         // re-added by reconnection on the same upstream interface. Ignore the duplicate one.
         final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex);
@@ -833,9 +836,10 @@
         // TODO: need to consider 464xlat.
         if (ns != null && ns.linkProperties != null && ns.linkProperties.hasIpv4Address()) {
             // TODO: support ether ip upstream interface.
-            final InterfaceParams params = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(
-                    ns.linkProperties.getInterfaceName());
-            if (params != null && !params.hasMacAddress /* raw ip upstream only */) {
+            final String ifaceName = ns.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            final InterfaceParams params = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifaceName);
+            final boolean isVcn = isVcnInterface(ifaceName);
+            if (!isVcn && params != null && !params.hasMacAddress /* raw ip upstream only */) {
                 upstreamIndex = params.index;
             }
         }
@@ -879,6 +883,8 @@
      * TODO: consider error handling if the attach program failed.
      */
     public void maybeAttachProgram(@NonNull String intIface, @NonNull String extIface) {
+        if (isVcnInterface(extIface)) return;
+
         if (forwardingPairExists(intIface, extIface)) return;
 
         boolean firstDownstreamForThisUpstream = !isAnyForwardingPairOnUpstream(extIface);
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 079bf9c..08170f9 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -181,12 +181,16 @@
         public final IpServer ipServer;
         public int lastState;
         public int lastError;
+        // This field only valid for TETHERING_USB and TETHERING_NCM.
+        // TODO: Change this from boolean to int for extension.
+        public final boolean isNcm;
 
-        TetherState(IpServer ipServer) {
+        TetherState(IpServer ipServer, boolean isNcm) {
             this.ipServer = ipServer;
             // Assume all state machines start out available and with no errors.
             lastState = IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE;
             lastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+            this.isNcm = isNcm;
         }
 
         public boolean isCurrentlyServing() {
@@ -522,9 +526,11 @@
 
     // This method needs to exist because TETHERING_BLUETOOTH and TETHERING_WIGIG can't use
     // enableIpServing.
-    private void startOrStopIpServer(final String iface, boolean enabled) {
-        // TODO: do not listen to USB interface state changes. USB tethering is driven only by
-        // USB_ACTION broadcasts.
+    private void processInterfaceStateChange(final String iface, boolean enabled) {
+        // Do not listen to USB interface state changes or USB interface add/removes. USB tethering
+        // is driven only by USB_ACTION broadcasts.
+        final int type = ifaceNameToType(iface);
+        if (type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_NCM) return;
 
         if (enabled) {
             ensureIpServerStarted(iface);
@@ -548,7 +554,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        startOrStopIpServer(iface, up);
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, up);
     }
 
     void interfaceLinkStateChanged(String iface, boolean up) {
@@ -576,12 +582,12 @@
 
     void interfaceAdded(String iface) {
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceAdded " + iface);
-        startOrStopIpServer(iface, true /* enabled */);
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, true /* enabled */);
     }
 
     void interfaceRemoved(String iface) {
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceRemoved " + iface);
-        startOrStopIpServer(iface, false /* enabled */);
+        processInterfaceStateChange(iface, false /* enabled */);
     }
 
     void startTethering(final TetheringRequestParcel request, final IIntResultListener listener) {
@@ -894,7 +900,7 @@
                 : IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
     }
 
-    private int getRequestedUsbType(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+    private int getServedUsbType(boolean forNcmFunction) {
         // TETHERING_NCM is only used if the device does not use NCM for regular USB tethering.
         if (forNcmFunction && !mConfig.isUsingNcm()) return TETHERING_NCM;
 
@@ -1036,11 +1042,11 @@
         private void handleUsbAction(Intent intent) {
             final boolean usbConnected = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_CONNECTED, false);
             final boolean usbConfigured = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_CONFIGURED, false);
-            final boolean rndisEnabled = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS, false);
-            final boolean ncmEnabled = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_NCM, false);
+            final boolean usbRndis = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS, false);
+            final boolean usbNcm = intent.getBooleanExtra(USB_FUNCTION_NCM, false);
 
             mLog.i(String.format("USB bcast connected:%s configured:%s rndis:%s ncm:%s",
-                    usbConnected, usbConfigured, rndisEnabled, ncmEnabled));
+                    usbConnected, usbConfigured, usbRndis, usbNcm));
 
             // There are three types of ACTION_USB_STATE:
             //
@@ -1057,18 +1063,45 @@
             //       functions are ready to use.
             //
             // For more explanation, see b/62552150 .
-            if (!usbConnected && (mRndisEnabled || mNcmEnabled)) {
-                // Turn off tethering if it was enabled and there is a disconnect.
-                disableUsbIpServing(TETHERING_USB);
-                mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB);
-            } else if (usbConfigured && rndisEnabled) {
-                // Tether if rndis is enabled and usb is configured.
-                enableUsbIpServing(false /* isNcm */);
-            } else if (usbConfigured && ncmEnabled) {
-                enableUsbIpServing(true /* isNcm */);
+            boolean rndisEnabled = usbConfigured && usbRndis;
+            boolean ncmEnabled = usbConfigured && usbNcm;
+            if (!usbConnected) {
+                // Don't stop provisioning if function is disabled but usb is still connected. The
+                // function may be disable/enable to handle ip conflict condition (disabling the
+                // function is necessary to ensure the connected device sees a disconnect).
+                // Normally the provisioning should be stopped by stopTethering(int)
+                maybeStopUsbProvisioning();
+                rndisEnabled = false;
+                ncmEnabled = false;
             }
-            mRndisEnabled = usbConfigured && rndisEnabled;
-            mNcmEnabled = usbConfigured && ncmEnabled;
+
+            if (mRndisEnabled != rndisEnabled) {
+                changeUsbIpServing(rndisEnabled, false /* forNcmFunction */);
+                mRndisEnabled = rndisEnabled;
+            }
+
+            if (mNcmEnabled != ncmEnabled) {
+                changeUsbIpServing(ncmEnabled, true /* forNcmFunction */);
+                mNcmEnabled = ncmEnabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void changeUsbIpServing(boolean enable, boolean forNcmFunction) {
+            if (enable) {
+                // enable ip serving if function is enabled and usb is configured.
+                enableUsbIpServing(forNcmFunction);
+            } else {
+                disableUsbIpServing(forNcmFunction);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void maybeStopUsbProvisioning() {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+                final int type = mTetherStates.valueAt(i).ipServer.interfaceType();
+                if (type == TETHERING_USB || type == TETHERING_NCM) {
+                    mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         private void handleWifiApAction(Intent intent) {
@@ -1216,7 +1249,12 @@
     }
 
     private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode) {
-        ensureIpServerStarted(ifname, tetheringType);
+        enableIpServing(tetheringType, ifname, ipServingMode, false /* isNcm */);
+    }
+
+    private void enableIpServing(int tetheringType, String ifname, int ipServingMode,
+            boolean isNcm) {
+        ensureIpServerStarted(ifname, tetheringType, isNcm);
         changeInterfaceState(ifname, ipServingMode);
     }
 
@@ -1289,15 +1327,22 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: Consider renaming to something more accurate in its description.
+    // TODO: Pass TetheringRequest into this method. The code can look at the existing requests
+    // to see which one matches the function that was enabled. That will tell the code what
+    // tethering type was requested, without having to guess it from the configuration.
     // This method:
     //     - allows requesting either tethering or local hotspot serving states
-    //     - handles both enabling and disabling serving states
     //     - only tethers the first matching interface in listInterfaces()
     //       order of a given type
-    private void enableUsbIpServing(boolean isNcm) {
-        final int interfaceType = getRequestedUsbType(isNcm);
-        final int requestedState = getRequestedState(interfaceType);
+    private void enableUsbIpServing(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+        // Note: TetheringConfiguration#isUsingNcm can change between the call to
+        // startTethering(TETHERING_USB) and the ACTION_USB_STATE broadcast. If the USB tethering
+        // function changes from NCM to RNDIS, this can lead to Tethering starting NCM tethering
+        // as local-only. But if this happens, the SettingsObserver will call stopTetheringInternal
+        // for both TETHERING_USB and TETHERING_NCM, so the local-only NCM interface will be
+        // stopped immediately.
+        final int tetheringType = getServedUsbType(forNcmFunction);
+        final int requestedState = getRequestedState(tetheringType);
         String[] ifaces = null;
         try {
             ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
@@ -1306,49 +1351,28 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        String chosenIface = null;
         if (ifaces != null) {
             for (String iface : ifaces) {
-                if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == interfaceType) {
-                    chosenIface = iface;
-                    break;
+                if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == tetheringType) {
+                    enableIpServing(tetheringType, iface, requestedState, forNcmFunction);
+                    return;
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        if (chosenIface == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "could not find iface of type " + interfaceType);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        changeInterfaceState(chosenIface, requestedState);
+        mLog.e("could not enable IpServer for function " + (forNcmFunction ? "NCM" : "RNDIS"));
     }
 
-    private void disableUsbIpServing(int interfaceType) {
-        String[] ifaces = null;
-        try {
-            ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
-        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
-            mLog.e("Cannot disableUsbIpServing due to error listing Interfaces" + e);
-            return;
-        }
+    private void disableUsbIpServing(boolean forNcmFunction) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetherStates.size(); i++) {
+            final TetherState state = mTetherStates.valueAt(i);
+            final int type = state.ipServer.interfaceType();
+            if (type != TETHERING_USB && type != TETHERING_NCM) continue;
 
-        String chosenIface = null;
-        if (ifaces != null) {
-            for (String iface : ifaces) {
-                if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == interfaceType) {
-                    chosenIface = iface;
-                    break;
-                }
+            if (state.isNcm == forNcmFunction) {
+                ensureIpServerStopped(state.ipServer.interfaceName());
             }
         }
-
-        if (chosenIface == null) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "could not find iface of type " + interfaceType);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        changeInterfaceState(chosenIface, IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE);
     }
 
     private void changeInterfaceState(String ifname, int requestedState) {
@@ -2545,10 +2569,10 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        ensureIpServerStarted(iface, interfaceType);
+        ensureIpServerStarted(iface, interfaceType, false /* isNcm */);
     }
 
-    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface, int interfaceType) {
+    private void ensureIpServerStarted(final String iface, int interfaceType, boolean isNcm) {
         // If we have already started a TISM for this interface, skip.
         if (mTetherStates.containsKey(iface)) {
             mLog.log("active iface (" + iface + ") reported as added, ignoring");
@@ -2560,7 +2584,7 @@
                 new IpServer(iface, mLooper, interfaceType, mLog, mNetd, mBpfCoordinator,
                              makeControlCallback(), mConfig.enableLegacyDhcpServer,
                              mConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled(), mPrivateAddressCoordinator,
-                             mDeps.getIpServerDependencies()));
+                             mDeps.getIpServerDependencies()), isNcm);
         mTetherStates.put(iface, tetherState);
         tetherState.ipServer.start();
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index d2f44d3..b6240c4 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -170,8 +170,16 @@
 
         mUsbTetheringFunction = getUsbTetheringFunction(res);
 
-        tetherableUsbRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs);
-        tetherableNcmRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs);
+        final String[] ncmRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs);
+        // If usb tethering use NCM and config_tether_ncm_regexs is not empty, use
+        // config_tether_ncm_regexs for tetherableUsbRegexs.
+        if (isUsingNcm() && (ncmRegexs.length != 0)) {
+            tetherableUsbRegexs = ncmRegexs;
+            tetherableNcmRegexs = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+            tetherableUsbRegexs = getResourceStringArray(res, R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs);
+            tetherableNcmRegexs = ncmRegexs;
+        }
         // TODO: Evaluate deleting this altogether now that Wi-Fi always passes
         // us an interface name. Careful consideration needs to be given to
         // implications for Settings and for provisioning checks.
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index 69471a1..5584db2 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.ConnectivityManagerShim;
-import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -162,12 +161,7 @@
         }
         ConnectivityManagerShim mCmShim = ConnectivityManagerShimImpl.newInstance(mContext);
         mDefaultNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET);
-        try {
-            mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mHandler);
-        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
-            Log.wtf(TAG, "registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback is not supported");
-            return;
-        }
+        mCmShim.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mHandler);
         if (mEntitlementMgr == null) {
             mEntitlementMgr = entitle;
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java
index bab9f84..986c3f7 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkState.java
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
  */
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
 
+import static android.net.INetd.IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX;
+
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
@@ -48,4 +50,9 @@
                 networkCapabilities == null ? "null" : networkCapabilities,
                 linkProperties == null ? "null" : linkProperties);
     }
+
+    /** Check whether the interface is VCN. */
+    public static boolean isVcnInterface(@NonNull String iface) {
+        return iface.startsWith(IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
index 8f31c57..72ca666 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     name: "TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
     srcs: ["jarjar-rules.txt"],
     visibility: [
-        "//frameworks/base/packages/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
     ]
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index e807613..b93a969 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -78,9 +78,27 @@
     compile_multilib: "both",
 }
 
+android_library {
+    name: "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
+        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
+        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__"
+    ],
+}
+
 // Special version of the tethering tests that includes all tests necessary for code coverage
 // purposes. This is currently the union of TetheringTests, TetheringIntegrationTests and
 // NetworkStackTests.
+// TODO: remove in favor of ConnectivityCoverageTests, which includes below tests and more
 android_test {
     name: "TetheringCoverageTests",
     platform_apis: true,
@@ -91,11 +109,7 @@
     defaults: ["libnetworkstackutilsjni_deps"],
     static_libs: [
         "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
-        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
-        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
-        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
         // For mockito extended
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 192a540..f6e29cd 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@
         "libstaticjvmtiagent",
         "libtetherutilsjni",
     ],
-    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
 }
 
 // Library containing the unit tests. This is used by the coverage test target to pull in the
@@ -100,4 +99,5 @@
     ],
     defaults: ["TetheringTestsDefaults"],
     compile_multilib: "both",
+    jarjar_rules: ":TetheringTestsJarJarRules",
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index 378a21c..6bf6a9f 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -146,8 +146,10 @@
     private static final String IFACE_NAME = "testnet1";
     private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE = "upstream0";
     private static final String UPSTREAM_IFACE2 = "upstream1";
+    private static final String IPSEC_IFACE = "ipsec0";
     private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX = 101;
     private static final int UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2 = 102;
+    private static final int IPSEC_IFINDEX = 103;
     private static final String BLUETOOTH_IFACE_ADDR = "192.168.44.1";
     private static final int BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH = 24;
     private static final int DHCP_LEASE_TIME_SECS = 3600;
@@ -160,6 +162,8 @@
     private static final InterfaceParams UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2 = new InterfaceParams(
             UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS,
             1500 /* defaultMtu */);
+    private static final InterfaceParams IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS = new InterfaceParams(
+            IPSEC_IFACE, IPSEC_IFINDEX, MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS, 1500 /* defaultMtu */);
 
     private static final int MAKE_DHCPSERVER_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
 
@@ -208,6 +212,7 @@
         when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(IFACE_NAME)).thenReturn(TEST_IFACE_PARAMS);
         when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
         when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE2)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
+        when(mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(IPSEC_IFACE)).thenReturn(IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS);
 
         mInterfaceConfiguration = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
         mInterfaceConfiguration.flags = new String[0];
@@ -1453,4 +1458,23 @@
     public void testDadProxyUpdates_EnabledAfterR() throws Exception {
         checkDadProxyEnabled(true);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipVirtualNetworkInBpf() throws Exception {
+        initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, null);
+        final LinkProperties v6Only = new LinkProperties();
+        v6Only.setInterfaceName(IPSEC_IFACE);
+        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IPSEC_IFACE, v6Only, 0);
+
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeAttachProgram(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, IPSEC_IFACE);
+
+        final int myIfindex = TEST_IFACE_PARAMS.index;
+        final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
+        final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
+        recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, mac);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).tetherOffloadRuleAdd(
+                mIpServer, makeForwardingRule(IPSEC_IFINDEX, neigh, mac));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 8332854..7e9e34f 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -1128,6 +1128,7 @@
             final String intIface1 = "wlan1";
             final String intIface2 = "rndis0";
             final String extIface = "rmnet_data0";
+            final String virtualIface = "ipsec0";
             final BpfUtils mockMarkerBpfUtils = staticMockMarker(BpfUtils.class);
             final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
 
@@ -1163,6 +1164,14 @@
             ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.detachProgram(intIface1));
             ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
             ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
+            // [6] Skip attaching if upstream is virtual interface.
+            coordinator.maybeAttachProgram(intIface1, virtualIface);
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(extIface, DOWNSTREAM), never());
+            ExtendedMockito.verify(() -> BpfUtils.attachProgram(intIface1, UPSTREAM), never());
+            ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+            ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(mockMarkerBpfUtils);
+
         } finally {
             mockSession.finishMocking();
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
index 0f940d8..c0c2ab9 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringConfigurationTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -600,4 +601,48 @@
     private void setTetherForceUsbFunctions(final int value) {
         setTetherForceUsbFunctions(Integer.toString(value));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNcmRegexs() throws Exception {
+        final String[] rndisRegexs = {"test_rndis\\d"};
+        final String[] ncmRegexs   = {"test_ncm\\d"};
+        final String[] rndisNcmRegexs   = {"test_rndis\\d", "test_ncm\\d"};
+
+        // cfg.isUsingNcm = false.
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        // cfg.isUsingNcm = true.
+        when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_tether_usb_functions)).thenReturn(
+                TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(ncmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisNcmRegexs, new String[0]);
+
+        // Check USB regex is not overwritten by the NCM regex after force to use rndis from
+        // Settings.
+        setUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+        setTetherForceUsbFunctions(TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
+        assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(rndisRegexs, ncmRegexs);
+    }
+
+    private void setUsbAndNcmRegexs(final String[] usbRegexs, final String[] ncmRegexs) {
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs)).thenReturn(usbRegexs);
+        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs)).thenReturn(ncmRegexs);
+    }
+
+    private void assertUsbAndNcmRegexs(final String[] usbRegexs, final String[] ncmRegexs) {
+        final TetheringConfiguration cfg =
+                new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID);
+        assertArrayEquals(usbRegexs, cfg.tetherableUsbRegexs);
+        assertArrayEquals(ncmRegexs, cfg.tetherableNcmRegexs);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 9e0c880..f999dfa 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -234,6 +234,8 @@
     private static final int WIFI_NETID = 101;
     private static final int DUN_NETID = 102;
 
+    private static final int TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS = 2;
+
     private static final int DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
 
     @Mock private ApplicationInfo mApplicationInfo;
@@ -648,17 +650,17 @@
                 TetheringConfiguration.TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION);
         // Setup tetherable configuration.
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] { TEST_RNDIS_REGEX});
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_RNDIS_REGEX});
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] { TEST_WIFI_REGEX });
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_WIFI_REGEX});
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] { TEST_P2P_REGEX });
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_P2P_REGEX});
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_bluetooth_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] { TEST_BT_REGEX });
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_BT_REGEX});
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_ncm_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] { TEST_NCM_REGEX });
+                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_NCM_REGEX});
         when(mResources.getIntArray(R.array.config_tether_upstream_types)).thenReturn(
-                new int[] { TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN });
+                new int[] {TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN});
         when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic)).thenReturn(true);
     }
 
@@ -738,7 +740,16 @@
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
+    // enableType:
+    // No function enabled            = -1
+    // TETHER_USB_RNDIS_FUNCTION      = 0
+    // TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTIONS       = 1
+    // TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS = 2
     private boolean tetherUsbFunctionMatches(int function, int enabledType) {
+        if (enabledType < 0) return false;
+
+        if (enabledType == TETHER_USB_RNDIS_NCM_FUNCTIONS) return function < enabledType;
+
         return function == enabledType;
     }
 
@@ -822,8 +833,6 @@
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequestParcel(TETHERING_NCM), null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
-
-        mTethering.interfaceStatusChanged(TEST_NCM_IFNAME, true);
     }
 
     private void prepareUsbTethering() {
@@ -1903,7 +1912,6 @@
     private void runStopUSBTethering() {
         mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_USB);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
         sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
@@ -2087,7 +2095,7 @@
         setDataSaverEnabled(true);
         // Verify that tethering should be disabled.
         verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
-        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         assertEquals(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces(), new String[0]);
         reset(mUsbManager, mIPv6TetheringCoordinator);
@@ -2350,14 +2358,14 @@
         final String ipv4Address = ifaceConfigCaptor.getValue().ipv4Addr;
         verify(mDhcpServer, timeout(DHCPSERVER_START_TIMEOUT_MS).times(1)).startWithCallbacks(
                 any(), any());
-        reset(mNetd, mUsbManager);
+        reset(mUsbManager);
 
         // Cause a prefix conflict by assigning a /30 out of the downstream's /24 to the upstream.
         updateV4Upstream(new LinkAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(ipv4Address), 30),
                 wifiNetwork, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         // verify turn off usb tethering
         verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
-        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // verify restart usb tethering
         verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_RNDIS);
@@ -2398,7 +2406,7 @@
         verify(mUsbManager).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NONE);
         // verify turn off ethernet tethering
         verify(mockRequest).release();
-        mTethering.interfaceRemoved(TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME);
+        sendUsbBroadcast(true, true, -1 /* function */);
         ethCallback.onUnavailable();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         // verify restart usb tethering
@@ -2657,12 +2665,6 @@
         forceUsbTetheringUse(TETHER_USB_NCM_FUNCTION);
         verifyUsbTetheringStopDueToSettingChange(TEST_NCM_IFNAME);
 
-        // TODO: move this into setup after allowing configure TEST_NCM_REGEX into
-        // config_tether_usb_regexs and config_tether_ncm_regexs at the same time.
-        when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs))
-                .thenReturn(new String[] {TEST_RNDIS_REGEX, TEST_NCM_REGEX});
-        sendConfigurationChanged();
-
         // If TETHERING_USB is forced to use ncm function, TETHERING_NCM would no longer be
         // available.
         final ResultListener ncmResult = new ResultListener(TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL);
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 93ef3bf..ee3a5d5 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -97,8 +97,6 @@
         ],
     },
     impl_only_libs: [
-        // TODO (b/183097033) remove once module_current includes core_platform
-        "stable.core.platform.api.stubs",
         "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
         "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
         "net-utils-device-common",
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 7692e30..13ecb12 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
     method public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
     method @NonNull public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
     method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork();
-    method @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public android.net.Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int);
     method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
     method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.Network[] getAllNetworks();
@@ -310,6 +309,7 @@
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE = 29; // 0x1d
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND = 19; // 0x13
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32; // 0x20
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IA = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_IMS = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET = 12; // 0xc
@@ -333,6 +333,7 @@
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_CELLULAR = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_ETHERNET = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_LOWPAN = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_VPN = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE = 5; // 0x5
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 7e2f688..eecd12c 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -1187,7 +1187,8 @@
      *
      * @return a {@link Network} object for the current default network for the
      *         given UID or {@code null} if no default network is currently active
-     * TODO: b/183465229 Cleanup getActiveNetworkForUid once b/165835257 is fixed
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
     @Nullable
@@ -4939,7 +4940,7 @@
                 Log.e(TAG, "Can't set proxy properties", e);
             }
             // Must flush DNS cache as new network may have different DNS resolutions.
-            InetAddressCompat.clearDnsCache();
+            InetAddress.clearDnsCache();
             // Must flush socket pool as idle sockets will be bound to previous network and may
             // cause subsequent fetches to be performed on old network.
             NetworkEventDispatcher.getInstance().dispatchNetworkConfigurationChange();
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
index 085de6b..8fc0065 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.MultipathPreference;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -1039,6 +1041,15 @@
         return getUidSetFromString(uidList);
     }
 
+    private static boolean isCallingFromSystem() {
+        final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        if (uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID && pid == Process.myPid()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set the list of uids(from {@link Settings}) that is allowed to use restricted networks.
      *
@@ -1047,6 +1058,15 @@
      */
     public static void setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context,
             @NonNull Set<Integer> uidList) {
+        final boolean calledFromSystem = isCallingFromSystem();
+        if (!calledFromSystem) {
+            // Enforce NETWORK_SETTINGS check if it's debug build. This is for MTS test only.
+            if (!Build.isDebuggable()) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Only system can set this setting.");
+            }
+            context.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                    "Requires NETWORK_SETTINGS permission");
+        }
         final String uids = getUidStringFromSet(uidList);
         Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
                 uids);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/InetAddressCompat.java b/framework/src/android/net/InetAddressCompat.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b7e75c..0000000
--- a/framework/src/android/net/InetAddressCompat.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-
-/**
- * Compatibility utility for InetAddress core platform APIs.
- *
- * Connectivity has access to such APIs, but they are not part of the module_current stubs yet
- * (only core_current). Most stable core platform APIs are included manually in the connectivity
- * build rules, but because InetAddress is also part of the base java SDK that is earlier on the
- * classpath, the extra core platform APIs are not seen.
- *
- * TODO (b/183097033): remove this utility as soon as core_current is part of module_current
- * @hide
- */
-public class InetAddressCompat {
-
-    /**
-     * @see InetAddress#clearDnsCache()
-     */
-    public static void clearDnsCache() {
-        try {
-            InetAddress.class.getMethod("clearDnsCache").invoke(null);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-            if (e.getCause() instanceof RuntimeException) {
-                throw (RuntimeException) e.getCause();
-            }
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown InvocationTargetException", e.getCause());
-        } catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
-            Log.wtf(InetAddressCompat.class.getSimpleName(), "Error clearing DNS cache", e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @see InetAddress#getAllByNameOnNet(String, int)
-     */
-    public static InetAddress[] getAllByNameOnNet(String host, int netId) throws
-            UnknownHostException {
-        return (InetAddress[]) callGetByNameMethod("getAllByNameOnNet", host, netId);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @see InetAddress#getByNameOnNet(String, int)
-     */
-    public static InetAddress getByNameOnNet(String host, int netId) throws
-            UnknownHostException {
-        return (InetAddress) callGetByNameMethod("getByNameOnNet", host, netId);
-    }
-
-    private static Object callGetByNameMethod(String method, String host, int netId)
-            throws UnknownHostException {
-        try {
-            return InetAddress.class.getMethod(method, String.class, int.class)
-                    .invoke(null, host, netId);
-        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-            if (e.getCause() instanceof UnknownHostException) {
-                throw (UnknownHostException) e.getCause();
-            }
-            if (e.getCause() instanceof RuntimeException) {
-                throw (RuntimeException) e.getCause();
-            }
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown InvocationTargetException", e.getCause());
-        } catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
-            Log.wtf(InetAddressCompat.class.getSimpleName(), "Error calling " + method, e);
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Error querying via " + method, e);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/Network.java b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
index 1f49033..b3770ea 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/Network.java
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
      * @throws UnknownHostException if the address lookup fails.
      */
     public InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException {
-        return InetAddressCompat.getAllByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
+        return InetAddress.getAllByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
      *             if the address lookup fails.
      */
     public InetAddress getByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException {
-        return InetAddressCompat.getByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
+        return InetAddress.getByNameOnNet(host, getNetIdForResolv());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 3a07db3..ec71d3d 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE,
             NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
             NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -495,8 +496,13 @@
     @SystemApi
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_BIP = 31;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network is connected to an automotive head unit.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_BIP;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -514,7 +520,10 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+            // The value of NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT is 32, which cannot use int to do bit shift,
+            // otherwise there will be an overflow. Use long to do bit shift instead.
+            | (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT);
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are not allowed in NetworkRequests. This exists because the
@@ -868,6 +877,7 @@
             TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE,
             TRANSPORT_LOWPAN,
             TRANSPORT_TEST,
+            TRANSPORT_USB,
     })
     public @interface Transport { }
 
@@ -914,10 +924,15 @@
     @SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final int TRANSPORT_TEST = 7;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates this network uses a USB transport.
+     */
+    public static final int TRANSPORT_USB = 8;
+
     /** @hide */
     public static final int MIN_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
     /** @hide */
-    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_TEST;
+    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_USB;
 
     /** @hide */
     public static boolean isValidTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
@@ -932,7 +947,8 @@
         "VPN",
         "WIFI_AWARE",
         "LOWPAN",
-        "TEST"
+        "TEST",
+        "USB"
     };
 
     /**
@@ -2121,6 +2137,7 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE:           return "ENTERPRISE";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM:                 return "VSIM";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_BIP:                  return "BIP";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT:            return "HEAD_UNIT";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java b/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java
index 7e62d28..3e7cb80 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@
      * The value works when the time set is more than {@link System.currentTimeMillis()}.
      */
     public void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs) {
-        Log.d(TAG, "setTestAllowBadWifiUntil: " + mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs);
+        Log.d(TAG, "setTestAllowBadWifiUntil: " + timeMs);
         mTestAllowBadWifiUntilMs = timeMs;
-        updateAvoidBadWifi();
+        reevaluateInternal();
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 841e189..abaeeb3 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -53,13 +53,10 @@
         "src/**/*.java",
         ":framework-connectivity-shared-srcs",
         ":services-connectivity-shared-srcs",
-        // TODO: move to net-utils-device-common, enable shrink optimization to avoid extra classes
-        ":net-module-utils-srcs",
+        // TODO: move to net-utils-device-common
+        ":connectivity-module-utils-srcs",
     ],
     libs: [
-        // TODO (b/183097033) remove once system_server_current includes core_current
-        "stable.core.platform.api.stubs",
-        "android_system_server_stubs_current",
         "framework-annotations-lib",
         "framework-connectivity.impl",
         "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
@@ -68,7 +65,8 @@
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V7-java",
+        "dnsresolver_aidl_interface-V8-java",
+        "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-os",
         "net-utils-device-common",
         "net-utils-framework-common",
@@ -112,3 +110,9 @@
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    srcs: ["jarjar-rules.txt"],
+    visibility: ["//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__"],
+}
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
index 078a9eb..bf32ad5 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config.xml
@@ -107,4 +107,11 @@
     <string-array translatable="false" name="config_networkNotifySwitches">
     </string-array>
 
+    <!-- Whether to use an ongoing notification for signing in to captive portals, instead of a
+         notification that can be dismissed. -->
+    <bool name="config_ongoingSignInNotification">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether to cancel network notifications automatically when tapped -->
+    <bool name="config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications">true</bool>
+
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
index f0f4ae8..6ac6a0e 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/overlayable.xml
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkWakeupPacketMask"/>
             <item type="integer" name="config_networkNotifySwitchType"/>
             <item type="array" name="config_networkNotifySwitches"/>
-
+            <item type="bool" name="config_ongoingSignInNotification"/>
+            <item type="bool" name="config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications"/>
+            <item type="drawable" name="stat_notify_wifi_in_range"/>
+            <item type="drawable" name="stat_notify_rssi_in_range"/>
         </policy>
     </overlayable>
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/jarjar-rules.txt b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
index 5caa11b..4ba6837 100644
--- a/service/jarjar-rules.txt
+++ b/service/jarjar-rules.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,97 @@
-rule android.sysprop.** com.android.connectivity.sysprop.@1
-rule com.android.net.module.util.** com.android.connectivity.net-utils.@1
-rule com.android.modules.utils.** com.android.connectivity.modules-utils.@1
+rule android.sysprop.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.net.module.util.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.modules.utils.** com.android.connectivity.@0
 
-# internal util classes
-# Exclude AsyncChannel. TODO: remove AsyncChannel usage in ConnectivityService
-rule com.android.internal.util.AsyncChannel* @0
-# Exclude LocationPermissionChecker. This is going to be moved to libs/net
-rule com.android.internal.util.LocationPermissionChecker* @0
-rule android.util.LocalLog* com.android.connectivity.util.LocalLog@1
+# internal util classes from framework-connectivity-shared-srcs
+rule android.util.LocalLog* com.android.connectivity.@0
 # android.util.IndentingPrintWriter* should use a different package name from
 # the one in com.android.internal.util
-rule android.util.IndentingPrintWriter* android.connectivity.util.IndentingPrintWriter@1
-rule com.android.internal.util.** com.android.connectivity.util.@1
+rule android.util.IndentingPrintWriter* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.IState* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.State* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.StateMachine* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage* com.android.connectivity.@0
 
-rule com.android.internal.messages.** com.android.connectivity.messages.@1
-rule com.google.protobuf.** com.android.connectivity.protobuf.@1
+rule com.android.internal.messages.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule com.google.protobuf.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From dnsresolver_aidl_interface (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.resolv.aidl)
+rule android.net.resolv.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IDnsResolver* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverHostsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverOptionsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ResolverParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+# Also includes netd event listener AIDL, but this is handled by netd-client rules
+
+# From net-utils-device-common
+rule android.net.NetworkFactory* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From netd-client (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.netd.aidl)
+rule android.net.netd.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+# Avoid including android.net.INetdEventCallback, used in tests but not part of the module
+rule android.net.INetd com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetd$* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetdUnsolicitedEventListener* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.MarkMaskParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeNetworkConfig* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeNetworkType* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NativeVpnType* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.RouteInfoParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherConfigParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TetherStatsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.UidRangeParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From netlink-client
+rule android.net.netlink.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From networkstack-client (newer AIDLs should go to android.net.[networkstack|ipmemorystore].aidl)
+rule android.net.networkstack.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.aidl.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.DataStallReportParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.DhcpResultsParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IIpMemoryStore* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkMonitor* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkStackConnector* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.INetworkStackStatusCallback* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InformationElementParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.InitialConfigurationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.IpMemoryStore* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.Layer2InformationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.Layer2PacketParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NattKeepalivePacketDataParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NetworkMonitorManager* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.NetworkTestResultParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.PrivateDnsConfigParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ProvisioningConfigurationParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ScanResultInfoParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.DhcpLeaseParcelable* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.DhcpServingParamsParcel* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.IDhcpEventCallbacks* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.dhcp.IDhcpServer* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IIpClient* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientManager* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ip.IpClientUtil* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.ipmemorystore.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.networkstack.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.shared.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.util.KeepalivePacketDataUtil* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From connectivity-module-utils
+rule android.net.util.InterfaceParams* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.util.SharedLog* com.android.connectivity.@0
+rule android.net.shared.** com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# From services-connectivity-shared-srcs
+rule android.net.util.NetworkConstants* com.android.connectivity.@0
+
+# Remaining are connectivity sources in com.android.server and com.android.server.connectivity:
+# TODO: move to a subpackage of com.android.connectivity (such as com.android.connectivity.server)
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 352d266..770aa8a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
 import android.net.metrics.NetworkEvent;
+import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
 import android.net.netlink.InetDiagMessage;
 import android.net.networkstack.ModuleNetworkStackClient;
 import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase;
@@ -400,30 +402,45 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * The priority value is used when issue uid ranges rules to netd. Netd will use the priority
-     * value and uid ranges to generate corresponding ip rules specific to the given preference.
-     * Thus, any device originated data traffic of the applied uids can be routed to the altered
-     * default network which has highest priority.
+     * For per-app preferences, requests contain an int to signify which request
+     * should have priority. The priority is passed to netd which will use it
+     * together with UID ranges to generate the corresponding IP rule. This serves
+     * to direct device-originated data traffic of the specific UIDs to the correct
+     * default network for each app.
+     * Priorities passed to netd must be in the 0~999 range. Larger values code for
+     * a lower priority, {@see NativeUidRangeConfig}
      *
-     * Note: The priority value should be in 0~1000. Larger value means lower priority, see
-     *       {@link NativeUidRangeConfig}.
+     * Requests that don't code for a per-app preference use PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID.
+     * The default request uses PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT.
      */
-    // This is default priority value for those NetworkRequests which doesn't have preference to
-    // alter default network and use the global one.
+    // Bound for the lowest valid priority.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_LOWEST = 999;
+    // Used when sending to netd to code for "no priority".
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_NONE = 0;
+    // Priority for requests that don't code for a per-app preference. As it is
+    // out of the valid range, the corresponding priority should be
+    // PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_NONE when sending to netd.
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE = 0;
-    // Used by automotive devices to set the network preferences used to direct traffic at an
-    // application level. See {@link #setOemNetworkPreference}.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    // Priority for the default internet request. Since this must always have the
+    // lowest priority, its value is larger than the largest acceptable value. As
+    // it is out of the valid range, the corresponding priority should be
+    // PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_NONE when sending to netd.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 1000;
+    // As a security feature, VPNs have the top priority.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN = 0; // Netd supports only 0 for VPN.
+    // Priority of per-app OEM preference. See {@link #setOemNetworkPreference}.
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM = 10;
-    // Request that a user profile is put by default on a network matching a given preference.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM = 10;
+    // Priority of per-profile preference, such as used by enterprise networks.
     // See {@link #setProfileNetworkPreference}.
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_PROFILE = 20;
-    // Set by MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting. Use mobile data in preference even when
-    // higher-priority networks are connected.
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE = 20;
+    // Priority of user setting to prefer mobile data even when networks with
+    // better scores are connected.
+    // See {@link ConnectivitySettingsManager#setMobileDataPreferredUids}
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED = 30;
+    static final int PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED = 30;
 
     /**
      * used internally to clear a wakelock when transitioning
@@ -541,9 +558,9 @@
     private static final int EVENT_SET_AVOID_UNVALIDATED = 35;
 
     /**
-     * used to trigger revalidation of a network.
+     * used to handle reported network connectivity. May trigger revalidation of a network.
      */
-    private static final int EVENT_REVALIDATE_NETWORK = 36;
+    private static final int EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY = 36;
 
     // Handle changes in Private DNS settings.
     private static final int EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED = 37;
@@ -3260,11 +3277,6 @@
                 }
                 case NetworkAgent.EVENT_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS_CHANGED: {
                     // TODO: prevent loops, e.g., if a network declares itself as underlying.
-                    if (!nai.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()) {
-                        Log.wtf(TAG, "Non-virtual networks cannot have underlying networks");
-                        break;
-                    }
-
                     final List<Network> underlying = (List<Network>) arg.second;
 
                     if (isLegacyLockdownNai(nai)
@@ -3541,8 +3553,14 @@
             final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(mNetId);
             if (nai == null) return;
 
+            // NetworkMonitor reports the network validation result as a bitmask while
+            // ConnectivityDiagnostics treats this value as an int. Convert the result to a single
+            // logical value for ConnectivityDiagnostics.
+            final int validationResult = networkMonitorValidationResultToConnDiagsValidationResult(
+                    p.result);
+
             final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
-            extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT, p.result);
+            extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT, validationResult);
             extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK, p.probesSucceeded);
             extras.putInt(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK, p.probesAttempted);
 
@@ -3618,6 +3636,22 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Converts the given NetworkMonitor-specific validation result bitmask to a
+     * ConnectivityDiagnostics-specific validation result int.
+     */
+    private int networkMonitorValidationResultToConnDiagsValidationResult(int validationResult) {
+        if ((validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED) != 0) {
+            return ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
+        }
+        if ((validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) == 0) {
+            return ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
+        }
+        return (validationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0
+                ? ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIALLY_VALID
+                : ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+    }
+
     private void notifyDataStallSuspected(DataStallReportParcelable p, int netId) {
         log("Data stall detected with methods: " + p.detectionMethod);
 
@@ -4187,13 +4221,16 @@
 
     private void handleRemoveNetworkRequest(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo nri) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
-        nri.unlinkDeathRecipient();
         for (final NetworkRequest req : nri.mRequests) {
-            mNetworkRequests.remove(req);
+            if (null == mNetworkRequests.remove(req)) {
+                logw("Attempted removal of untracked request " + req + " for nri " + nri);
+                continue;
+            }
             if (req.isListen()) {
                 removeListenRequestFromNetworks(req);
             }
         }
+        nri.unlinkDeathRecipient();
         if (mDefaultNetworkRequests.remove(nri)) {
             // If this request was one of the defaults, then the UID rules need to be updated
             // WARNING : if the app(s) for which this network request is the default are doing
@@ -4205,10 +4242,10 @@
             final NetworkAgentInfo satisfier = nri.getSatisfier();
             if (null != satisfier) {
                 try {
-                    // TODO: Passing default network priority to netd.
-                    mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges(satisfier.network.getNetId(),
-                            toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids())
-                            /* nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority() */);
+                    mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                            satisfier.network.getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                            nri.getPriorityForNetd()));
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     loge("Exception setting network preference default network", e);
                 }
@@ -4867,8 +4904,9 @@
                     mKeepaliveTracker.handleStopKeepalive(nai, slot, reason);
                     break;
                 }
-                case EVENT_REVALIDATE_NETWORK: {
-                    handleReportNetworkConnectivity((Network) msg.obj, msg.arg1, toBool(msg.arg2));
+                case EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY: {
+                    handleReportNetworkConnectivity((NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj, msg.arg1,
+                            toBool(msg.arg2));
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_SETTINGS_CHANGED:
@@ -5031,41 +5069,34 @@
         final int uid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         final int connectivityInfo = encodeBool(hasConnectivity);
 
-        // Handle ConnectivityDiagnostics event before attempting to revalidate the network. This
-        // forces an ordering of ConnectivityDiagnostics events in the case where hasConnectivity
-        // does not match the known connectivity of the network - this causes NetworkMonitor to
-        // revalidate the network and generate a ConnectivityDiagnostics ConnectivityReport event.
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
         if (network == null) {
             nai = getDefaultNetwork();
         } else {
             nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
         }
-        if (nai != null) {
-            mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
-                    mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
-                            ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
-                            connectivityInfo, 0, nai));
-        }
 
         mHandler.sendMessage(
-                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REVALIDATE_NETWORK, uid, connectivityInfo, network));
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        EVENT_REPORT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY, uid, connectivityInfo, nai));
     }
 
     private void handleReportNetworkConnectivity(
-            Network network, int uid, boolean hasConnectivity) {
-        final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
-        if (network == null) {
-            nai = getDefaultNetwork();
-        } else {
-            nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
-        }
-        if (nai == null || nai.networkInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTING ||
-            nai.networkInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED) {
+            @Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai, int uid, boolean hasConnectivity) {
+        // TODO(b/192611346): remove NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTING as it's not used
+        if (nai == null
+                || nai != getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(nai.network)
+                || nai.networkInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTING
+                || nai.networkInfo.getState() == NetworkInfo.State.DISCONNECTED) {
             return;
         }
         // Revalidate if the app report does not match our current validated state.
         if (hasConnectivity == nai.lastValidated) {
+            mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                    mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                            ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
+                            new ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                                    hasConnectivity, false /* isNetworkRevalidating */, uid, nai)));
             return;
         }
         if (DBG) {
@@ -5081,6 +5112,16 @@
         if (isNetworkWithCapabilitiesBlocked(nc, uid, false)) {
             return;
         }
+
+        // Send CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED event before re-validating the Network to force an ordering of
+        // ConnDiags events. This ensures that #onNetworkConnectivityReported() will be called
+        // before #onConnectivityReportAvailable(), which is called once Network evaluation is
+        // completed.
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(
+                mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                        ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
+                        new ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                                hasConnectivity, true /* isNetworkRevalidating */, uid, nai)));
         nai.networkMonitor().forceReevaluation(uid);
     }
 
@@ -5277,12 +5318,12 @@
      *         information, e.g underlying ifaces.
      */
     private UnderlyingNetworkInfo createVpnInfo(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
-        if (!nai.isVPN()) return null;
-
         Network[] underlyingNetworks = nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks;
         // see VpnService.setUnderlyingNetworks()'s javadoc about how to interpret
         // the underlyingNetworks list.
-        if (underlyingNetworks == null) {
+        // TODO: stop using propagateUnderlyingCapabilities here, for example, by always
+        // initializing NetworkAgentInfo#declaredUnderlyingNetworks to an empty array.
+        if (underlyingNetworks == null && nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
             final NetworkAgentInfo defaultNai = getDefaultNetworkForUid(
                     nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid());
             if (defaultNai != null) {
@@ -5331,7 +5372,7 @@
     private boolean hasUnderlyingNetwork(NetworkAgentInfo nai, Network network) {
         // TODO: support more than one level of underlying networks, either via a fixed-depth search
         // (e.g., 2 levels of underlying networks), or via loop detection, or....
-        if (!nai.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()) return false;
+        if (!nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) return false;
         final Network[] underlying = underlyingNetworksOrDefault(
                 nai.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid(), nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks);
         return CollectionUtils.contains(underlying, network);
@@ -5674,11 +5715,7 @@
         final int mAsUid;
 
         // Default network priority of this request.
-        private final int mDefaultNetworkPriority;
-
-        int getDefaultNetworkPriority() {
-            return mDefaultNetworkPriority;
-        }
+        final int mPreferencePriority;
 
         // In order to preserve the mapping of NetworkRequest-to-callback when apps register
         // callbacks using a returned NetworkRequest, the original NetworkRequest needs to be
@@ -5710,12 +5747,12 @@
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r,
                 @Nullable final PendingIntent pi, @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
             this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), r, pi, callingAttributionTag,
-                    DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE);
+                    PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID);
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
                 @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final PendingIntent pi,
-                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, final int defaultNetworkPriority) {
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, final int preferencePriority) {
             ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
             mNetworkRequestForCallback = requestForCallback;
@@ -5733,7 +5770,7 @@
              */
             mCallbackFlags = NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
-            mDefaultNetworkPriority = defaultNetworkPriority;
+            mPreferencePriority = preferencePriority;
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r, @Nullable final Messenger m,
@@ -5763,7 +5800,7 @@
             mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
-            mDefaultNetworkPriority = DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE;
+            mPreferencePriority = PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
@@ -5803,18 +5840,18 @@
             mPerUidCounter.incrementCountOrThrow(mUid);
             mCallbackFlags = nri.mCallbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
-            mDefaultNetworkPriority = DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE;
+            mPreferencePriority = PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r) {
-            this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE);
+            this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_INVALID);
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
-                final int defaultNetworkPriority) {
+                final int preferencePriority) {
             this(asUid, r, r.get(0), null /* pi */, null /* callingAttributionTag */,
-                    defaultNetworkPriority);
+                    preferencePriority);
         }
 
         // True if this NRI is being satisfied. It also accounts for if the nri has its satisifer
@@ -5855,11 +5892,24 @@
             }
         }
 
+        boolean hasHigherPriorityThan(@NonNull final NetworkRequestInfo target) {
+            // Compare two priorities, larger value means lower priority.
+            return mPreferencePriority < target.mPreferencePriority;
+        }
+
+        int getPriorityForNetd() {
+            if (mPreferencePriority >= PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_NONE
+                    && mPreferencePriority <= PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_LOWEST) {
+                return mPreferencePriority;
+            }
+            return PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_NONE;
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void binderDied() {
             log("ConnectivityService NetworkRequestInfo binderDied(" +
-                    mRequests + ", " + mBinder + ")");
-            releaseNetworkRequests(mRequests);
+                    "uid/pid:" + mUid + "/" + mPid + ", " + mBinder + ")");
+            mHandler.post(() -> handleRemoveNetworkRequest(this));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -5871,7 +5921,8 @@
                     + mNetworkRequestForCallback.requestId
                     + " " + mRequests
                     + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent)
-                    + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags;
+                    + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags
+                    + " priority: " + mPreferencePriority;
         }
     }
 
@@ -6280,7 +6331,8 @@
                 callingAttributionTag);
         if (VDBG) log("pendingListenForNetwork for " + nri);
 
-        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri));
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                    EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER_WITH_INTENT, nri));
     }
 
     /** Returns the next Network provider ID. */
@@ -6288,12 +6340,6 @@
         return mNextNetworkProviderId.getAndIncrement();
     }
 
-    private void releaseNetworkRequests(List<NetworkRequest> networkRequests) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < networkRequests.size(); i++) {
-            releaseNetworkRequest(networkRequests.get(i));
-        }
-    }
-
     @Override
     public void releaseNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest networkRequest) {
         ensureNetworkRequestHasType(networkRequest);
@@ -6462,17 +6508,18 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     private NetworkRequestInfo getDefaultRequestTrackingUid(final int uid) {
+        NetworkRequestInfo highestPriorityNri = mDefaultRequest;
         for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
-            if (nri == mDefaultRequest) {
-                continue;
-            }
             // Checking the first request is sufficient as only multilayer requests will have more
             // than one request and for multilayer, all requests will track the same uids.
             if (nri.mRequests.get(0).networkCapabilities.appliesToUid(uid)) {
-                return nri;
+                // Find out the highest priority request.
+                if (nri.hasHigherPriorityThan(highestPriorityNri)) {
+                    highestPriorityNri = nri;
+                }
             }
         }
-        return mDefaultRequest;
+        return highestPriorityNri;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -6602,6 +6649,7 @@
     }
 
     private NetworkAgentInfo getDefaultNetworkForUid(final int uid) {
+        NetworkRequestInfo highestPriorityNri = mDefaultRequest;
         for (final NetworkRequestInfo nri : mDefaultNetworkRequests) {
             // Currently, all network requests will have the same uids therefore checking the first
             // one is sufficient. If/when uids are tracked at the nri level, this can change.
@@ -6611,11 +6659,13 @@
             }
             for (final UidRange range : uids) {
                 if (range.contains(uid)) {
-                    return nri.getSatisfier();
+                    if (nri.hasHigherPriorityThan(highestPriorityNri)) {
+                        highestPriorityNri = nri;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
-        return getDefaultNetwork();
+        return highestPriorityNri.getSatisfier();
     }
 
     @Nullable
@@ -7303,7 +7353,7 @@
             newNc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
         }
 
-        if (nai.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()) {
+        if (nai.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
             applyUnderlyingCapabilities(nai.declaredUnderlyingNetworks, nai.declaredCapabilities,
                     newNc);
         }
@@ -7461,7 +7511,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void updateUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges) {
+    private void updateVpnUidRanges(boolean add, NetworkAgentInfo nai, Set<UidRange> uidRanges) {
         int[] exemptUids = new int[2];
         // TODO: Excluding VPN_UID is necessary in order to not to kill the TCP connection used
         // by PPTP. Fix this by making Vpn set the owner UID to VPN_UID instead of system when
@@ -7473,13 +7523,11 @@
         maybeCloseSockets(nai, ranges, exemptUids);
         try {
             if (add) {
-                // TODO: Passing default network priority to netd.
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRanges(nai.network.netId, ranges
-                        /* DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE */);
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN));
             } else {
-                // TODO: Passing default network priority to netd.
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges(nai.network.netId, ranges
-                        /* DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_NONE */);
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                        nai.network.netId, ranges, PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN));
             }
         } catch (Exception e) {
             loge("Exception while " + (add ? "adding" : "removing") + " uid ranges " + uidRanges +
@@ -7541,10 +7589,10 @@
             // This can prevent the sockets of uid 1-2, 4-5 from being closed. It also reduce the
             // number of binder calls from 6 to 4.
             if (!newRanges.isEmpty()) {
-                updateUidRanges(true, nai, newRanges);
+                updateVpnUidRanges(true, nai, newRanges);
             }
             if (!prevRanges.isEmpty()) {
-                updateUidRanges(false, nai, prevRanges);
+                updateVpnUidRanges(false, nai, prevRanges);
             }
             final boolean wasFiltering = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, prevNc, nai.linkProperties);
             final boolean shouldFilter = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, newNc, nai.linkProperties);
@@ -7821,18 +7869,16 @@
                         + " any applications to set as the default." + nri);
             }
             if (null != newDefaultNetwork) {
-                // TODO: Passing default network priority to netd.
-                mNetd.networkAddUidRanges(
+                mNetd.networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
                         newDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
-                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids())
-                        /* nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority() */);
+                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                        nri.getPriorityForNetd()));
             }
             if (null != oldDefaultNetwork) {
-                // TODO: Passing default network priority to netd.
-                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRanges(
+                mNetd.networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
                         oldDefaultNetwork.network.getNetId(),
-                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids())
-                        /* nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority() */);
+                        toUidRangeStableParcels(nri.getUids()),
+                        nri.getPriorityForNetd()));
             }
         } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             loge("Exception setting app default network", e);
@@ -8329,13 +8375,13 @@
         // Second phase : deal with the active request (if any)
         if (null != activeRequest && activeRequest.isRequest()) {
             final boolean oldNeeded = offer.neededFor(activeRequest);
-            // An offer is needed if it is currently served by this provider or if this offer
-            // can beat the current satisfier.
+            // If an offer can satisfy the request, it is considered needed if it is currently
+            // served by this provider or if this offer can beat the current satisfier.
             final boolean currentlyServing = satisfier != null
-                    && satisfier.factorySerialNumber == offer.providerId;
-            final boolean newNeeded = (currentlyServing
-                    || (activeRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps)
-                            && networkRanker.mightBeat(activeRequest, satisfier, offer)));
+                    && satisfier.factorySerialNumber == offer.providerId
+                    && activeRequest.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps);
+            final boolean newNeeded = currentlyServing
+                    || networkRanker.mightBeat(activeRequest, satisfier, offer);
             if (newNeeded != oldNeeded) {
                 if (newNeeded) {
                     offer.onNetworkNeeded(activeRequest);
@@ -8445,7 +8491,7 @@
             networkAgent.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
 
             if (!createNativeNetwork(networkAgent)) return;
-            if (networkAgent.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()) {
+            if (networkAgent.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()) {
                 // Initialize the network's capabilities to their starting values according to the
                 // underlying networks. This ensures that the capabilities are correct before
                 // anything happens to the network.
@@ -9039,8 +9085,7 @@
          * the platform. This event will invoke {@link
          * IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback#onNetworkConnectivityReported} for permissioned
          * callbacks.
-         * obj = Network that was reported on
-         * arg1 = boolint for the quality reported
+         * obj = ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo with info on reported Network connectivity.
          */
         private static final int EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED = 5;
 
@@ -9078,7 +9123,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED: {
-                    handleNetworkConnectivityReported((NetworkAgentInfo) msg.obj, toBool(msg.arg1));
+                    handleNetworkConnectivityReported((ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
                 default: {
@@ -9148,6 +9193,28 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Class used for sending info for a call to {@link #reportNetworkConnectivity()} to {@link
+     * ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler}.
+     */
+    private static class ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo {
+        public final boolean hasConnectivity;
+        public final boolean isNetworkRevalidating;
+        public final int reporterUid;
+        @NonNull public final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
+
+        private ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo(
+                boolean hasConnectivity,
+                boolean isNetworkRevalidating,
+                int reporterUid,
+                @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            this.hasConnectivity = hasConnectivity;
+            this.isNetworkRevalidating = isNetworkRevalidating;
+            this.reporterUid = reporterUid;
+            this.nai = nai;
+        }
+    }
+
     private void handleRegisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
             @NonNull ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
@@ -9255,13 +9322,14 @@
                         networkCapabilities,
                         extras);
         nai.setConnectivityReport(report);
+
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
-                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai);
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai, Process.INVALID_UID);
         for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
             try {
                 cb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(report);
             } catch (RemoteException ex) {
-                loge("Error invoking onConnectivityReport", ex);
+                loge("Error invoking onConnectivityReportAvailable", ex);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -9280,7 +9348,7 @@
                         networkCapabilities,
                         extras);
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
-                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai);
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai, Process.INVALID_UID);
         for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
             try {
                 cb.onDataStallSuspected(report);
@@ -9291,15 +9359,39 @@
     }
 
     private void handleNetworkConnectivityReported(
-            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, boolean connectivity) {
+            @NonNull ReportedNetworkConnectivityInfo reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo) {
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.nai;
+        final ConnectivityReport cachedReport = nai.getConnectivityReport();
+
+        // If the Network is being re-validated as a result of this call to
+        // reportNetworkConnectivity(), notify all permissioned callbacks. Otherwise, only notify
+        // permissioned callbacks registered by the reporter.
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results =
-                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(nai);
+                getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(
+                        nai,
+                        reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.isNetworkRevalidating
+                                ? Process.INVALID_UID
+                                : reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.reporterUid);
+
         for (final IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback cb : results) {
             try {
-                cb.onNetworkConnectivityReported(nai.network, connectivity);
+                cb.onNetworkConnectivityReported(
+                        nai.network, reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.hasConnectivity);
             } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                 loge("Error invoking onNetworkConnectivityReported", ex);
             }
+
+            // If the Network isn't re-validating, also provide the cached report. If there is no
+            // cached report, the Network is still being validated and a report will be sent once
+            // validation is complete. Note that networks which never undergo validation will still
+            // have a cached ConnectivityReport with RESULT_SKIPPED.
+            if (!reportedNetworkConnectivityInfo.isNetworkRevalidating && cachedReport != null) {
+                try {
+                    cb.onConnectivityReportAvailable(cachedReport);
+                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+                    loge("Error invoking onConnectivityReportAvailable", ex);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -9312,20 +9404,38 @@
         return sanitized;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets a list of ConnectivityDiagnostics callbacks that match the specified Network and uid.
+     *
+     * <p>If Process.INVALID_UID is specified, all matching callbacks will be returned.
+     */
     private List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> getMatchingPermissionedCallbacks(
-            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
+            @NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai, int uid) {
         final List<IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> results = new ArrayList<>();
         for (Entry<IBinder, ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo> entry :
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.entrySet()) {
             final ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo cbInfo = entry.getValue();
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = cbInfo.mRequestInfo;
+
             // Connectivity Diagnostics rejects multilayer requests at registration hence get(0).
-            if (nai.satisfies(nri.mRequests.get(0))) {
-                if (checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
-                        nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
-                    results.add(entry.getValue().mCb);
-                }
+            if (!nai.satisfies(nri.mRequests.get(0))) {
+                continue;
             }
+
+            // UID for this callback must either be:
+            //  - INVALID_UID (which sends callbacks to all UIDs), or
+            //  - The callback's owner (the owner called reportNetworkConnectivity() and is being
+            //    notified as a result)
+            if (uid != Process.INVALID_UID && uid != nri.mUid) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
+                    nri.mPid, nri.mUid, nai, cbInfo.mCallingPackageName)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            results.add(entry.getValue().mCb);
         }
         return results;
     }
@@ -9354,7 +9464,7 @@
 
     private boolean ownsVpnRunningOverNetwork(int uid, Network network) {
         for (NetworkAgentInfo virtual : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
-            if (virtual.supportsUnderlyingNetworks()
+            if (virtual.propagateUnderlyingCapabilities()
                     && virtual.networkCapabilities.getOwnerUid() == uid
                     && CollectionUtils.contains(virtual.declaredUnderlyingNetworks, network)) {
                 return true;
@@ -9797,21 +9907,6 @@
         mQosCallbackTracker.unregisterCallback(callback);
     }
 
-    // Network preference per-profile and OEM network preferences can't be set at the same
-    // time, because it is unclear what should happen if both preferences are active for
-    // one given UID. To make it possible, the stack would have to clarify what would happen
-    // in case both are active at the same time. The implementation may have to be adjusted
-    // to implement the resulting rules. For example, a priority could be defined between them,
-    // where the OEM preference would be considered less or more important than the enterprise
-    // preference ; this would entail implementing the priorities somehow, e.g. by doing
-    // UID arithmetic with UID ranges or passing a priority to netd so that the routing rules
-    // are set at the right level. Other solutions are possible, e.g. merging of the
-    // preferences for the relevant UIDs.
-    private static void throwConcurrentPreferenceException() {
-        throw new IllegalStateException("Can't set NetworkPreferenceForUser and "
-                + "set OemNetworkPreference at the same time");
-    }
-
     /**
      * Request that a user profile is put by default on a network matching a given preference.
      *
@@ -9840,15 +9935,7 @@
         if (!um.isManagedProfile(profile.getIdentifier())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile must be a managed profile");
         }
-        // Strictly speaking, mOemNetworkPreferences should only be touched on the
-        // handler thread. However it is an immutable object, so reading the reference is
-        // safe - it's just possible the value is slightly outdated. For the final check,
-        // see #handleSetProfileNetworkPreference. But if this can be caught here it is a
-        // lot easier to understand, so opportunistically check it.
-        // TODO: Have a priority for each preference.
-        if (!mOemNetworkPreferences.isEmpty() || !mMobileDataPreferredUids.isEmpty()) {
-            throwConcurrentPreferenceException();
-        }
+
         final NetworkCapabilities nc;
         switch (preference) {
             case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT:
@@ -9891,7 +9978,7 @@
                     TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
             setNetworkRequestUids(nrs, UidRange.fromIntRanges(pref.capabilities.getUids()));
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), nrs,
-                    DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_PROFILE);
+                    PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE);
             result.add(nri);
         }
         return result;
@@ -9900,20 +9987,6 @@
     private void handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(
             @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference preference,
             @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
-        // setProfileNetworkPreference and setOemNetworkPreference are mutually exclusive, in
-        // particular because it's not clear what preference should win in case both apply
-        // to the same app.
-        // The binder call has already checked this, but as mOemNetworkPreferences is only
-        // touched on the handler thread, it's theoretically not impossible that it has changed
-        // since.
-        // TODO: Have a priority for each preference.
-        if (!mOemNetworkPreferences.isEmpty() || !mMobileDataPreferredUids.isEmpty()) {
-            // This may happen on a device with an OEM preference set when a user is removed.
-            // In this case, it's safe to ignore. In particular this happens in the tests.
-            loge("handleSetProfileNetworkPreference, but OEM network preferences not empty");
-            return;
-        }
-
         validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(preference.capabilities);
 
         mProfileNetworkPreferences = mProfileNetworkPreferences.plus(preference);
@@ -9922,7 +9995,7 @@
                 () -> {
                     final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
                             createNrisFromProfileNetworkPreferences(mProfileNetworkPreferences);
-                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris);
+                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris, PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE);
                 });
         // Finally, rematch.
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
@@ -9953,7 +10026,7 @@
         // - The request for the mobile network preferred.
         // - The request for the default network, for fallback.
         requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
-                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN));
+                TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST));
         requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
                 TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
         final Set<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
@@ -9962,26 +10035,19 @@
         }
         setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
         nris.add(new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests,
-                DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED));
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED));
         return nris;
     }
 
     private void handleMobileDataPreferredUidsChanged() {
-        // Ignore update preference because it's not clear what preference should win in case both
-        // apply to the same app.
-        // TODO: Have a priority for each preference.
-        if (!mOemNetworkPreferences.isEmpty() || !mProfileNetworkPreferences.isEmpty()) {
-            loge("Ignore mobile data preference change because other preferences are not empty");
-            return;
-        }
-
         mMobileDataPreferredUids = ConnectivitySettingsManager.getMobileDataPreferredUids(mContext);
         mSystemNetworkRequestCounter.transact(
                 mDeps.getCallingUid(), 1 /* numOfNewRequests */,
                 () -> {
                     final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
                             createNrisFromMobileDataPreferredUids(mMobileDataPreferredUids);
-                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris);
+                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris,
+                            PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
                 });
         // Finally, rematch.
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
@@ -10023,16 +10089,6 @@
             validateOemNetworkPreferences(preference);
         }
 
-        // TODO: Have a priority for each preference.
-        if (!mProfileNetworkPreferences.isEmpty() || !mMobileDataPreferredUids.isEmpty()) {
-            // Strictly speaking, mProfileNetworkPreferences should only be touched on the
-            // handler thread. However it is an immutable object, so reading the reference is
-            // safe - it's just possible the value is slightly outdated. For the final check,
-            // see #handleSetOemPreference. But if this can be caught here it is a
-            // lot easier to understand, so opportunistically check it.
-            throwConcurrentPreferenceException();
-        }
-
         mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE,
                 new Pair<>(preference, listener)));
     }
@@ -10079,17 +10135,6 @@
         if (DBG) {
             log("set OEM network preferences :" + preference.toString());
         }
-        // setProfileNetworkPreference and setOemNetworkPreference are mutually exclusive, in
-        // particular because it's not clear what preference should win in case both apply
-        // to the same app.
-        // The binder call has already checked this, but as mOemNetworkPreferences is only
-        // touched on the handler thread, it's theoretically not impossible that it has changed
-        // since.
-        // TODO: Have a priority for each preference.
-        if (!mProfileNetworkPreferences.isEmpty() || !mMobileDataPreferredUids.isEmpty()) {
-            logwtf("handleSetOemPreference, but per-profile network preferences not empty");
-            return;
-        }
 
         mOemNetworkPreferencesLogs.log("UPDATE INITIATED: " + preference);
         final int uniquePreferenceCount = new ArraySet<>(
@@ -10100,7 +10145,7 @@
                     final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> nris =
                             new OemNetworkRequestFactory()
                                     .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(preference);
-                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris);
+                    replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(nris, PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM);
                 });
         mOemNetworkPreferences = preference;
 
@@ -10114,9 +10159,12 @@
     }
 
     private void replaceDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(
-            @NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris) {
-        // Pass in a defensive copy as this collection will be updated on remove.
-        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(new ArraySet<>(mDefaultNetworkRequests));
+            @NonNull final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> nris, final int preferencePriority) {
+        // Skip the requests which are set by other network preference. Because the uid range rules
+        // should stay in netd.
+        final Set<NetworkRequestInfo> requests = new ArraySet<>(mDefaultNetworkRequests);
+        requests.removeIf(request -> request.mPreferencePriority != preferencePriority);
+        handleRemoveNetworkRequests(requests);
         addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(nris);
     }
 
@@ -10310,8 +10358,7 @@
                 ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
             }
             setNetworkRequestUids(requests, ranges);
-            return new NetworkRequestInfo(
-                    Process.myUid(), requests, DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM);
+            return new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), requests, PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM);
         }
 
         private NetworkRequest createUnmeteredNetworkRequest() {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
index acf39f0..ee1538a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -373,12 +373,10 @@
                     Log.e(TAG, "Cannot stop unowned keepalive " + mSlot + " on " + mNai.network);
                 }
             }
-            // Ignore the case when the network disconnects immediately after stop() has been
-            // called and the keepalive code is waiting for the response from the modem. This
-            // might happen when the caller listens for a lower-layer network disconnect
-            // callback and stop the keepalive at that time. But the stop() races with the
-            // stop() generated in ConnectivityService network disconnection code path.
-            if (mStartedState == STOPPING && reason == ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK) return;
+            // To prevent races from re-entrance of stop(), return if the state is already stopping.
+            // This might happen if multiple event sources stop keepalive in a short time. Such as
+            // network disconnect after user calls stop(), or tear down socket after binder died.
+            if (mStartedState == STOPPING) return;
 
             // Store the reason of stopping, and report it after the keepalive is fully stopped.
             if (mStopReason != ERROR_STOP_REASON_UNINITIALIZED) {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 18becd4..bbf523a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@
     @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
     @NonNull public final NetworkAgentConfig networkAgentConfig;
 
-    // Underlying networks declared by the agent. Only set if supportsUnderlyingNetworks is true.
-    // The networks in this list might be declared by a VPN app using setUnderlyingNetworks and are
+    // Underlying networks declared by the agent.
+    // The networks in this list might be declared by a VPN using setUnderlyingNetworks and are
     // not guaranteed to be current or correct, or even to exist.
     //
     // This array is read and iterated on multiple threads with no locking so its contents must
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 
     // The capabilities originally announced by the NetworkAgent, regardless of any capabilities
     // that were added or removed due to this network's underlying networks.
-    // Only set if #supportsUnderlyingNetworks is true.
+    // Only set if #propagateUnderlyingCapabilities is true.
     public @Nullable NetworkCapabilities declaredCapabilities;
 
     // Indicates if netd has been told to create this Network. From this point on the appropriate
@@ -898,8 +898,11 @@
         return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
     }
 
-    /** Whether this network might have underlying networks. Currently only true for VPNs. */
-    public boolean supportsUnderlyingNetworks() {
+    /**
+     * Whether this network should propagate the capabilities from its underlying networks.
+     * Currently only true for VPNs.
+     */
+    public boolean propagateUnderlyingCapabilities() {
         return isVPN();
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index b57ad5d..ae98d92 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -274,13 +274,17 @@
                 .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
                 .setShowWhen(notifyType == NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH)
                 .setSmallIcon(icon)
-                .setAutoCancel(true)
+                .setAutoCancel(r.getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications))
                 .setTicker(title)
                 .setColor(mContext.getColor(android.R.color.system_notification_accent_color))
                 .setContentTitle(title)
                 .setContentIntent(intent)
                 .setLocalOnly(true)
-                .setOnlyAlertOnce(true);
+                .setOnlyAlertOnce(true)
+                // TODO: consider having action buttons to disconnect on the sign-in notification
+                // especially if it is ongoing
+                .setOngoing(notifyType == NotificationType.SIGN_IN
+                        && r.getBoolean(R.bool.config_ongoingSignInNotification));
 
         if (notifyType == NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH) {
             builder.setStyle(new Notification.BigTextStyle().bigText(details));
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
index 8285e7a..1e975dd 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
@@ -143,6 +143,6 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return "NetworkOffer [ Score " + score + " ]";
+        return "NetworkOffer [ Score " + score + " Caps " + caps + "]";
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/OsCompat.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/OsCompat.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 57e3dcd..0000000
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/OsCompat.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.connectivity;
-
-import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
-
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-
-/**
- * Compatibility utility for android.system.Os core platform APIs.
- *
- * Connectivity has access to such APIs, but they are not part of the module_current stubs yet
- * (only core_current). Most stable core platform APIs are included manually in the connectivity
- * build rules, but because Os is also part of the base java SDK that is earlier on the
- * classpath, the extra core platform APIs are not seen.
- *
- * TODO (b/157639992, b/183097033): remove as soon as core_current is part of system_server_current
- * @hide
- */
-public class OsCompat {
-    // This value should be correct on all architectures supported by Android, but hardcoding ioctl
-    // numbers should be avoided.
-    /**
-     * @see android.system.OsConstants#TIOCOUTQ
-     */
-    public static final int TIOCOUTQ = 0x5411;
-
-    /**
-     * @see android.system.Os#getsockoptInt(FileDescriptor, int, int)
-     */
-    public static int getsockoptInt(FileDescriptor fd, int level, int option) throws
-            ErrnoException {
-        try {
-            return (int) Os.class.getMethod(
-                    "getsockoptInt", FileDescriptor.class, int.class, int.class)
-                    .invoke(null, fd, level, option);
-        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
-            if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
-                throw (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
-            }
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Error calling getsockoptInt", e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @see android.system.Os#ioctlInt(FileDescriptor, int)
-     */
-    public static int ioctlInt(FileDescriptor fd, int cmd) throws
-            ErrnoException {
-        try {
-            return (int) Os.class.getMethod(
-                    "ioctlInt", FileDescriptor.class, int.class).invoke(null, fd, cmd);
-        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
-            if (e.getCause() instanceof ErrnoException) {
-                throw (ErrnoException) e.getCause();
-            }
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Error calling ioctlInt", e);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 99118ac..3b5a706 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -121,15 +121,23 @@
         @Override
         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
             final String action = intent.getAction();
-            final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, -1);
-            final Uri packageData = intent.getData();
-            final String packageName =
-                    packageData != null ? packageData.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
 
             if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.equals(action)) {
+                final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, -1);
+                final Uri packageData = intent.getData();
+                final String packageName =
+                        packageData != null ? packageData.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
                 onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
             } else if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
+                final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, -1);
+                final Uri packageData = intent.getData();
+                final String packageName =
+                        packageData != null ? packageData.getSchemeSpecificPart() : null;
                 onPackageRemoved(packageName, uid);
+            } else if (Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE.equals(action)) {
+                final String[] pkgList =
+                        intent.getStringArrayExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST);
+                onExternalApplicationsAvailable(pkgList);
             } else {
                 Log.wtf(TAG, "received unexpected intent: " + action);
             }
@@ -145,7 +153,7 @@
          * Get device first sdk version.
          */
         public int getDeviceFirstSdkInt() {
-            return Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT;
+            return Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -194,6 +202,12 @@
                 mIntentReceiver, intentFilter, null /* broadcastPermission */,
                 null /* scheduler */);
 
+        final IntentFilter externalIntentFilter =
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        userAllContext.registerReceiver(
+                mIntentReceiver, externalIntentFilter, null /* broadcastPermission */,
+                null /* scheduler */);
+
         // Register UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting observer
         mDeps.registerContentObserver(
                 userAllContext,
@@ -267,7 +281,14 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     synchronized void updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(final Set<Integer> uids) {
         mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.clear();
-        mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.addAll(uids);
+        // This is necessary for the app id to match in isUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks, and will
+        // grant the permission to all uids associated with the app ID. This is safe even if the app
+        // is only installed on some users because the uid cannot match some other app – this uid is
+        // in effect not installed and can't be run.
+        // TODO (b/192431153): Change appIds back to uids.
+        for (int uid : uids) {
+            mUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.add(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+        }
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -812,6 +833,21 @@
         update(mUsers, removedUids, false /* add */);
     }
 
+    private synchronized void onExternalApplicationsAvailable(String[] pkgList) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pkgList)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "No available external application.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (String app : pkgList) {
+            final PackageInfo info = getPackageInfo(app);
+            if (info == null || info.applicationInfo == null) continue;
+
+            final int appId = info.applicationInfo.uid;
+            onPackageAdded(app, appId); // Use onPackageAdded to add package one by one.
+        }
+    }
+
     /** Dump info to dumpsys */
     public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("Interface filtering rules:");
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java
index 73f3475..c480594 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/TcpKeepaliveController.java
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IP_TOS;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IP_TTL;
-
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.OsCompat.TIOCOUTQ;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.TIOCOUTQ;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.net.InvalidPacketException;
@@ -176,10 +175,10 @@
             }
             // Query write sequence number from SEND_QUEUE.
             Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_SEND_QUEUE);
-            tcpDetails.seq = OsCompat.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
+            tcpDetails.seq = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
             // Query read sequence number from RECV_QUEUE.
             Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_RECV_QUEUE);
-            tcpDetails.ack = OsCompat.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
+            tcpDetails.ack = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_QUEUE_SEQ);
             // Switch to NO_QUEUE to prevent illegal socket read/write in repair mode.
             Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_REPAIR_QUEUE, TCP_NO_QUEUE);
             // Finally, check if socket is still idle. TODO : this check needs to move to
@@ -199,9 +198,9 @@
             tcpDetails.rcvWndScale = trw.rcvWndScale;
             if (tcpDetails.srcAddress.length == 4 /* V4 address length */) {
                 // Query TOS.
-                tcpDetails.tos = OsCompat.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS);
+                tcpDetails.tos = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS);
                 // Query TTL.
-                tcpDetails.ttl = OsCompat.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL);
+                tcpDetails.ttl = Os.getsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL);
             }
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Exception reading TCP state from socket", e);
@@ -306,7 +305,7 @@
 
     private static boolean isReceiveQueueEmpty(FileDescriptor fd)
             throws ErrnoException {
-        final int result = OsCompat.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCINQ);
+        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCINQ);
         if (result != 0) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Read queue has data");
             return false;
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@
 
     private static boolean isSendQueueEmpty(FileDescriptor fd)
             throws ErrnoException {
-        final int result = OsCompat.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCOUTQ);
+        final int result = Os.ioctlInt(fd, SIOCOUTQ);
         if (result != 0) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Write queue has data");
             return false;
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index 8be8ea1..e1fab09 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,23 @@
     ],
 }
 
+// Connectivity coverage tests combines Tethering and Connectivity tests, each with their
+// respective jarjar rules applied.
+// Some tests may be duplicated (in particular static lib tests), as they need to be run under both
+// jarjared packages to cover both usages.
+android_library {
+    name: "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    static_libs: [
+        "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
+        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
+        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
+    manifest: "AndroidManifest_coverage.xml",
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
 android_test {
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
     // Tethering started on SDK 30
@@ -62,13 +79,9 @@
         // (some tests would fail).
         // TODO: consider removing extended mockito usage in tests that use it, for performance
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
-        "FrameworksNetTestsLib",
         "modules-utils-native-coverage-listener",
-        "NetdStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStaticLibTestsLib",
-        "NetworkStackTestsLib",
-        "TetheringTestsLatestSdkLib",
-        "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
+        "ConnectivityCoverageTestsLib",
+        "TetheringCoverageTestsLib",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
         // For mockito extended
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index a30d4f1..493a201 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_USB;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
@@ -973,6 +974,11 @@
         assertNotEquals(512, nc.getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps());
     }
 
+    private int getMaxTransport() {
+        if (!isAtLeastS() && MAX_TRANSPORT == TRANSPORT_USB) return MAX_TRANSPORT - 1;
+        return MAX_TRANSPORT;
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testSignalStrength() {
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
@@ -984,7 +990,7 @@
     }
 
     private void assertNoTransport(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
             assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
         }
     }
@@ -1001,7 +1007,7 @@
                 assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
             }
         }
-        for (int i = MAX_TRANSPORT; i > maxTransportType; i--) {
+        for (int i = getMaxTransport(); i > maxTransportType; i--) {
             if (positiveSequence) {
                 assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(i));
             } else {
@@ -1015,12 +1021,12 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities();
         assertNoTransport(nc);
         // Test adding multiple transport types.
-        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
             nc.addTransportType(i);
             checkCurrentTransportTypes(nc, i, true /* positiveSequence */);
         }
         // Test removing multiple transport types.
-        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= MAX_TRANSPORT; i++) {
+        for (int i = MIN_TRANSPORT; i <= getMaxTransport(); i++) {
             nc.removeTransportType(i);
             checkCurrentTransportTypes(nc, i, false /* positiveSequence */);
         }
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
index 8cea12e..ff5de1d 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
@@ -315,9 +315,7 @@
                 LinkProperties(), scoreWeaker, config, provider) {}
         agent.register()
         agent.markConnected()
-        // TODO: The request is satisying by offer 2 instead of offer 1, thus it should not be
-        //  considered as needed.
-        offerCallback1.expectOnNetworkNeeded(ncFilter2)
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
         offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         offerCallback4.expectOnNetworkUnneeded(ncFilter4)
@@ -326,7 +324,7 @@
         // if a request is currently satisfied by the network provided by the same provider.
         // TODO: Consider offers with weaker score are unneeded.
         agent.sendNetworkScore(scoreStronger)
-        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
         offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
@@ -334,7 +332,7 @@
         // Verify that offer callbacks cannot receive any event if offer is unregistered.
         provider2.unregisterNetworkOffer(offerCallback4)
         agent.unregister()
-        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Still unneeded.
         offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Still needed.
         // Since the agent is unregistered, and the offer has chance to satisfy the request,
@@ -344,7 +342,7 @@
         // Verify that offer callbacks cannot receive any event if provider is unregistered.
         mCm.unregisterNetworkProvider(provider)
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb2)
-        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // Should be unneeded if not unregistered.
+        offerCallback1.assertNoCallback()  // No callback since it is still unneeded.
         offerCallback2.assertNoCallback()  // Should be unneeded if not unregistered.
         offerCallback3.assertNoCallback()  // Should be unneeded if not unregistered.
         offerCallback4.assertNoCallback()  // Already unregistered.
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
index d4780d3..ab97f2d 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
@@ -31,8 +33,6 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
-
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 @SmallTest
 public class IpConnectivityLogTest {
     private static final int FAKE_NET_ID = 100;
-    private static final int[] FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES = BitUtils.unpackBits(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+    private static final int[] FAKE_TRANSPORT_TYPES = unpackBits(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
     private static final long FAKE_TIME_STAMP = System.currentTimeMillis();
     private static final String FAKE_INTERFACE_NAME = "test";
     private static final IpReachabilityEvent FAKE_EV =
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index ddc5fd4..ad7ec9e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@
         assertFalse(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED)); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_NON_METERED
     }
 
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE, BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withSystemUid() throws Exception {
         // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withDataSaverMode() throws Exception {
         // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
@@ -182,6 +186,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiredProperties({BATTERY_SAVER_MODE})
     @Test
     public void testIsUidNetworkingBlocked_withPowerSaverMode() throws Exception {
         // Refer to NetworkPolicyManagerService#isUidNetworkingBlockedInternal(), this test is to
@@ -209,6 +214,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @RequiredProperties({DATA_SAVER_MODE})
     @Test
     public void testIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() throws Exception {
         try {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
index cdb66e3..8d68c5f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/api23Test/src/android/net/cts/api23test/ConnectivityManagerApi23Test.java
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@
     /**
      * Tests reporting of connectivity changed.
      */
-    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent() {
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent()
+            throws Exception {
         if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnly_shouldNotReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
             return;
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@
     }
 
     public void testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent()
-            throws InterruptedException {
+            throws Exception {
         if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_manifestRequestOnlyPreN_shouldReceiveIntent cannot"
                     + "execute unless device supports WiFi");
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
                 getConnectivityCount, SEND_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT));
     }
 
-    public void testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent() {
+    public void testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent() throws Exception {
         if (!mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testConnectivityChanged_whenRegistered_shouldReceiveIntent cannot execute unless device supports WiFi");
             return;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
similarity index 92%
rename from tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp
rename to tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
index 68bb14d..1d1c18e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/Android.bp
@@ -31,16 +31,18 @@
         },
     },
 
-    srcs: ["src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp"],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/BpfCompatTest.cpp",
+    ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libutils",
+        "libbase",
         "liblog",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "libbpf_android",
         "libgtest",
-        "libqtaguid",
     ],
 
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml b/tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml
similarity index 94%
rename from tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml
rename to tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml
index fa4b2cf..70d788a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
 -->
-<configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network xt_qtaguid test cases">
+<configuration description="Config for CTS Native Network test cases">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="cts" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="networking" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="instant_app" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7dc6240..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/qtaguid/src/NativeQtaguidTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <error.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <qtaguid/qtaguid.h>
-
-int canAccessQtaguidFile() {
-    int fd = open("/proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-    close(fd);
-    return fd != -1;
-}
-
-#define SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED()                                                       \
-  do {                                                                                        \
-    int res = canAccessQtaguidFile();                                                      \
-    ASSERT_LE(0, res);                                                                        \
-    if (!res) {                                                                               \
-          GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped since kernel may not have the module\n";  \
-          return;                                                                             \
-    }                                                                                         \
-  } while (0)
-
-int getCtrlSkInfo(int tag, uid_t uid, uint64_t* sk_addr, int* ref_cnt) {
-    FILE *fp;
-    fp = fopen("/proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl", "r");
-    if (!fp)
-        return -ENOENT;
-    uint64_t full_tag = (uint64_t)tag << 32 | uid;
-    char pattern[40];
-    snprintf(pattern, sizeof(pattern), " tag=0x%" PRIx64 " (uid=%" PRIu32 ")", full_tag, uid);
-
-    size_t len;
-    char *line_buffer = NULL;
-    while(getline(&line_buffer, &len, fp) != -1) {
-        if (strstr(line_buffer, pattern) == NULL)
-            continue;
-        int res;
-        pid_t dummy_pid;
-        uint64_t k_tag;
-        uint32_t k_uid;
-        const int TOTAL_PARAM = 5;
-        res = sscanf(line_buffer, "sock=%" PRIx64 " tag=0x%" PRIx64 " (uid=%" PRIu32 ") "
-                     "pid=%u f_count=%u", sk_addr, &k_tag, &k_uid,
-                     &dummy_pid, ref_cnt);
-        if (!(res == TOTAL_PARAM && k_tag == full_tag && k_uid == uid))
-            return -EINVAL;
-        free(line_buffer);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    free(line_buffer);
-    return -ENOENT;
-}
-
-void checkNoSocketPointerLeaks(int family) {
-    int sockfd = socket(family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
-    int tag = arc4random();
-    int ref_cnt;
-    uint64_t sk_addr;
-    uint64_t expect_addr = 0;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, legacy_tagSocket(sockfd, tag, uid));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &sk_addr, &ref_cnt));
-    EXPECT_EQ(expect_addr, sk_addr);
-    close(sockfd);
-    EXPECT_EQ(-ENOENT, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &sk_addr, &ref_cnt));
-}
-
-TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, close_socket_without_untag) {
-    SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
-
-    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
-    int tag = arc4random();
-    int ref_cnt;
-    uint64_t dummy_sk;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, legacy_tagSocket(sockfd, tag, uid));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &dummy_sk, &ref_cnt));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, ref_cnt);
-    close(sockfd);
-    EXPECT_EQ(-ENOENT, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &dummy_sk, &ref_cnt));
-}
-
-TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, close_socket_without_untag_ipv6) {
-    SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
-
-    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-    uid_t uid = getuid();
-    int tag = arc4random();
-    int ref_cnt;
-    uint64_t dummy_sk;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, legacy_tagSocket(sockfd, tag, uid));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &dummy_sk, &ref_cnt));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, ref_cnt);
-    close(sockfd);
-    EXPECT_EQ(-ENOENT, getCtrlSkInfo(tag, uid, &dummy_sk, &ref_cnt));
-}
-
-TEST (NativeQtaguidTest, no_socket_addr_leak) {
-  SKIP_IF_QTAGUID_NOT_SUPPORTED();
-
-  checkNoSocketPointerLeaks(AF_INET);
-  checkNoSocketPointerLeaks(AF_INET6);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-      testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-      return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..874bad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/src/BpfCompatTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless requied by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "BpfCompatTest"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "libbpf_android.h"
+
+using namespace android::bpf;
+
+void doBpfStructSizeTest(const char *elfPath) {
+  std::ifstream elfFile(elfPath, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elfFile.is_open());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(48, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_map_def", elfFile, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(28, readSectionUint("size_of_bpf_prog_def", elfFile, 0));
+}
+
+TEST(BpfTest, bpfStructSizeTest) {
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/netd.o");
+  doBpfStructSizeTest("/system/etc/bpf/clatd.o");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
index a54fd64..f9427f8 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/BatteryStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.connectivity.CellularBatteryStats;
 import android.os.connectivity.WifiBatteryStats;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import androidx.test.filters.SdkSuppress;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@
  * Test for BatteryStatsManager.
  */
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = Build.VERSION_CODES.R) // BatteryStatsManager did not exist on Q
 public class BatteryStatsManagerTest{
     @Rule
     public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE to request wifi/cell in instant mode")
     @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Virtual hardware does not support wifi battery stats")
     public void testReportNetworkInterfaceForTransports() throws Exception {
         try {
@@ -132,6 +136,7 @@
     }
 
     @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     @Test
     public void testReportNetworkInterfaceForTransports_throwsSecurityException()
             throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index ccbdbd3..a40c92d 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_ATTEMPTED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport.DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS;
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.telephony.uicc.IccUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@
         final String interfaceName =
                 mConnectivityManager.getLinkProperties(network).getInterfaceName();
         connDiagsCallback.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
-                network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+                network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID);
         connDiagsCallback.assertNoCallback();
     }
 
@@ -423,9 +425,10 @@
 
         cb.expectOnNetworkConnectivityReported(mTestNetwork, hasConnectivity);
 
-        // if hasConnectivity does not match the network's known connectivity, it will be
-        // revalidated which will trigger another onConnectivityReportAvailable callback.
-        if (!hasConnectivity) {
+        // All calls to #onNetworkConnectivityReported are expected to be accompanied by a call to
+        // #onConnectivityReportAvailable for S+ (for R, ConnectivityReports were only sent when the
+        // Network was re-validated - when reported connectivity != known connectivity).
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() || !hasConnectivity) {
             cb.expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(mTestNetwork, interfaceName);
         }
 
@@ -479,11 +482,19 @@
 
         public void expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
                 @NonNull Network network, @NonNull String interfaceName) {
-            expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_TEST);
+            // Test Networks both do not require validation and are not tested for validation. This
+            // results in the validation result being reported as SKIPPED for S+ (for R, the
+            // platform marked these Networks as VALID).
+            final int expectedNetworkValidationResult =
+                    SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()
+                            ? NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_SKIPPED
+                            : NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+            expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                    network, interfaceName, TRANSPORT_TEST, expectedNetworkValidationResult);
         }
 
-        public void expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
-                @NonNull Network network, @NonNull String interfaceName, int transportType) {
+        public void expectOnConnectivityReportAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull String interfaceName, int transportType, int expectedValidationResult) {
             final ConnectivityReport result =
                     (ConnectivityReport) mHistory.poll(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, x -> true);
             assertEquals(network, result.getNetwork());
@@ -496,9 +507,9 @@
 
             final PersistableBundle extras = result.getAdditionalInfo();
             assertTrue(extras.containsKey(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT));
-            final int validationResult = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT);
-            assertEquals("Network validation result is not 'valid'",
-                    NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID, validationResult);
+            final int actualValidationResult = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT);
+            assertEquals("Network validation result is incorrect",
+                    expectedValidationResult, actualValidationResult);
 
             assertTrue(extras.containsKey(KEY_NETWORK_PROBES_SUCCEEDED_BITMASK));
             final int probesSucceeded = extras.getInt(KEY_NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index a19c7a6..8e5b700 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.callWithShellPermissionIdentity;
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runShellCommand;
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConnectivityManagerShimImpl;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim;
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkInformationShimImpl;
@@ -499,6 +501,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testGetAllNetworkStateSnapshots()
             throws InterruptedException {
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
         // Make sure cell is active to retrieve IMSI for verification in later step.
         final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
         final String subscriberId = getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(cellNetwork);
@@ -936,8 +939,8 @@
             // noticeably flaky.
             Thread.sleep(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
 
-            // TODO: BUG (b/189868426): this should also apply to listens
-            if (!useListen) {
+            // For R- frameworks, listens will receive duplicated callbacks. See b/189868426.
+            if (isAtLeastS() || !useListen) {
                 assertEquals("PendingIntent should only be received once", 1, receivedCount.get());
             }
         } finally {
@@ -952,8 +955,8 @@
             boolean useListen) {
         assertArrayEquals(filed.networkCapabilities.getCapabilities(),
                 broadcasted.networkCapabilities.getCapabilities());
-        // TODO: BUG (b/189868426): this should also apply to listens
-        if (useListen) return;
+        // For R- frameworks, listens will receive duplicated callbacks. See b/189868426.
+        if (!isAtLeastS() && useListen) return;
         assertArrayEquals(filed.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes(),
                 broadcasted.networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes());
     }
@@ -1040,7 +1043,7 @@
      */
     @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
     @Test
-    public void testToggleWifiConnectivityAction() {
+    public void testToggleWifiConnectivityAction() throws Exception {
         // toggleWifi calls connectToWifi and disconnectFromWifi, which both wait for
         // CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts.
         mCtsNetUtils.toggleWifi();
@@ -1077,7 +1080,7 @@
         final Matcher m = Pattern.compile("^" + ssid + ";(true|false|none)$",
                 Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.UNIX_LINES).matcher(policyString);
         if (!m.find()) {
-            fail("Unexpected format from cmd netpolicy");
+            fail("Unexpected format from cmd netpolicy, policyString = " + policyString);
         }
         return m.group(1);
     }
@@ -1099,10 +1102,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void waitForActiveNetworkMetered(final int targetTransportType,
+    private Network waitForActiveNetworkMetered(final int targetTransportType,
             final boolean requestedMeteredness, final boolean useSystemDefault)
             throws Exception {
-        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
         final NetworkCallback networkCallback = new NetworkCallback() {
             @Override
             public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities nc) {
@@ -1110,7 +1113,7 @@
 
                 final boolean metered = !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
                 if (metered == requestedMeteredness) {
-                    latch.countDown();
+                    networkFuture.complete(network);
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -1130,18 +1133,20 @@
 
             // Changing meteredness on wifi involves reconnecting, which can take several seconds
             // (involves re-associating, DHCP...).
-            if (!latch.await(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
-                fail("Timed out waiting for active network metered status to change to "
-                        + requestedMeteredness + " ; network = " + mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-            }
+            return networkFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for active network metered status to "
+                    + "change to " + requestedMeteredness + " ; network = "
+                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
         } finally {
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
         }
     }
 
-    private void setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(String ssid, boolean isMetered) throws Exception {
+    private Network setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(String ssid, boolean isMetered) throws Exception {
         setWifiMeteredStatus(ssid, Boolean.toString(isMetered) /* metered */);
-        waitForActiveNetworkMetered(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
+        mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+        return waitForActiveNetworkMetered(TRANSPORT_WIFI,
                 isMetered /* requestedMeteredness */,
                 true /* useSystemDefault */);
     }
@@ -1207,8 +1212,7 @@
                     Integer.toString(newMeteredPreference));
             // Wifi meterness changes from unmetered to metered will disconnect and reconnect since
             // R.
-            setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, true);
-            final Network network = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            final Network network = setWifiMeteredStatusAndWait(ssid, true);
             assertEquals(ssid, unquoteSSID(mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo().getSSID()));
             assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network).hasCapability(
                     NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED), false);
@@ -1695,7 +1699,10 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final int firstSdk = Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT;
+        final int firstSdk = SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()
+                ? Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT
+                // FIRST_SDK_INT was a @TestApi field renamed to DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT in S
+                : Build.VERSION.class.getField("FIRST_SDK_INT").getInt(null);
         if (firstSdk < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
             Log.i(TAG, "testSocketKeepaliveLimitTelephony: skip test for devices launching"
                     + " before Q: " + firstSdk);
@@ -2096,6 +2103,10 @@
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(Network network, int blockedReasons) {
             getHistory().add(new CallbackEntry.BlockedStatusInt(network, blockedReasons));
         }
+        private void assertNoBlockedStatusCallback() {
+            super.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    c -> c instanceof CallbackEntry.BlockedStatus);
+        }
     }
 
     private void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean requireVpn, Collection<Range<Integer>> ranges)
@@ -2132,24 +2143,24 @@
 
         setRequireVpnForUids(true, List.of(myUidRange));
         myUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN);
-        otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
 
         setRequireVpnForUids(true, List.of(myUidRange, otherUidRange));
-        myUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
         otherUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN);
 
         // setRequireVpnForUids does no deduplication or refcounting. Removing myUidRange does not
         // unblock myUid because it was added to the blocked ranges twice.
         setRequireVpnForUids(false, List.of(myUidRange));
-        myUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
 
         setRequireVpnForUids(false, List.of(myUidRange, otherUidRange));
         myUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
         otherUidCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallback(defaultNetwork, BLOCKED_REASON_NONE);
 
-        myUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        otherUidCallback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        myUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
+        otherUidCallback.assertNoBlockedStatusCallback();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2634,8 +2645,9 @@
             // Default network should be updated to validated cellular network.
             defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> cellNetwork.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
-            // No update on wifi callback.
-            wifiCb.assertNoCallback();
+            // No callback except LinkPropertiesChanged which may be triggered randomly from network
+            wifiCb.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    c -> !(c instanceof CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged));
         } finally {
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCb);
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(defaultCb);
@@ -2874,6 +2886,10 @@
     public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(TestUtils.shouldTestSApis());
 
+        // TODO (b/175199465): figure out a reasonable permission check for
+        //  setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks that allows tests but not system-external callers.
+        assumeTrue(Build.isDebuggable());
+
         final int uid = mPackageManager.getPackageUid(mContext.getPackageName(), 0 /* flag */);
         final Set<Integer> originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks =
                 ConnectivitySettingsManager.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext);
@@ -2881,8 +2897,9 @@
         // because it has been just installed to device. In case the uid is existed in setting
         // mistakenly, try to remove the uid and set correct uids to setting.
         originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.remove(uid);
-        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext,
-                originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                        mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
 
         final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         final TestableNetworkCallback testNetworkCb = new TestableNetworkCallback();
@@ -2929,8 +2946,9 @@
             final Set<Integer> newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks =
                     new ArraySet<>(originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
             newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks.add(uid);
-            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext,
-                    newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                            mContext, newUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
             // Wait a while for sending allowed uids on the restricted network to netd.
             // TODD: Have a significant signal to know the uids has been send to netd.
             assertBindSocketToNetworkSuccess(network);
@@ -2939,8 +2957,9 @@
             agent.unregister();
 
             // Restore setting.
-            ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(mContext,
-                    originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks);
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() ->
+                    ConnectivitySettingsManager.setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
+                            mContext, originalUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index ccc9416..7c380e3 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -1034,6 +1035,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackRegisterWithUnregister() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
 
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
@@ -1060,6 +1064,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackOnQosSession() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
@@ -1104,6 +1111,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackOnError() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
@@ -1142,6 +1152,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackIdsAreMappedCorrectly() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback1 = TestableQosCallback()
         val qosCallback2 = TestableQosCallback()
@@ -1182,6 +1195,9 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackWhenNetworkReleased() {
+        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
+        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
             try {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java
index 7d5e9ff..a20f1cc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacProxyManagerTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Range;
 
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost for a test proxy server")
     @Test
     public void testSetCurrentProxyScriptUrl() throws Exception {
         // Register a PacProxyInstalledListener
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index bce9880..fd0cd18 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
@@ -55,7 +54,9 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -73,11 +74,13 @@
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 public final class CtsNetUtils {
     private static final String TAG = CtsNetUtils.class.getSimpleName();
@@ -86,6 +89,13 @@
 
     private static final int PRIVATE_DNS_SETTING_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
     private static final int CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS = 30;
+    private static final int MAX_WIFI_CONNECT_RETRIES = 10;
+    private static final int WIFI_CONNECT_INTERVAL_MS = 500;
+
+    // Constants used by WifiManager.ActionListener#onFailure. Although onFailure is SystemApi,
+    // the error code constants are not (they probably should be ?)
+    private static final int WIFI_ERROR_IN_PROGRESS = 1;
+    private static final int WIFI_ERROR_BUSY = 2;
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_STRICT = "hostname";
     public static final int HTTP_PORT = 80;
@@ -159,18 +169,44 @@
     }
 
     // Toggle WiFi twice, leaving it in the state it started in
-    public void toggleWifi() {
+    public void toggleWifi() throws Exception {
         if (mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled()) {
             Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
+            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
             disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
             connectToWifi();
         } else {
             connectToWifi();
             Network wifiNetwork = getWifiNetwork();
+            // Ensure system default network is WIFI because it's expected in disconnectFromWifi()
+            expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(wifiNetwork);
             disconnectFromWifi(wifiNetwork);
         }
     }
 
+    private Network expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(Network network)
+            throws Exception {
+        final CompletableFuture<Network> future = new CompletableFuture();
+        final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(Network n) {
+                if (n.equals(network)) future.complete(network);
+            }
+        };
+
+        try {
+            mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(cb);
+            return future.get(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Timed out waiting for system default network to switch"
+                    + " to network " + network + ". Current default network is network "
+                    + mCm.getActiveNetwork(), e);
+        } finally {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cb);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Enable WiFi and wait for it to become connected to a network.
      *
@@ -211,32 +247,21 @@
         filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
         mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
 
-        boolean connected = false;
-        final String err = "Wifi must be configured to connect to an access point for this test";
         try {
-            clearWifiBlacklist();
+            // Clear the wifi config blocklist (not the BSSID blocklist)
+            clearWifiBlocklist();
             SystemUtil.runShellCommand("svc wifi enable");
-            final WifiConfiguration config = maybeAddVirtualWifiConfiguration();
-            if (config == null) {
-                // TODO: this may not clear the BSSID blacklist, as opposed to
-                // mWifiManager.connect(config)
-                assertTrue("Error reconnecting wifi", runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
-                        mWifiManager::reconnect));
-            } else {
-                // When running CTS, devices are expected to have wifi networks pre-configured.
-                // This condition is only hit on virtual devices.
-                final Integer error = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-                    final ConnectWifiListener listener = new ConnectWifiListener();
-                    mWifiManager.connect(config, listener);
-                    return listener.connectFuture.get(
-                            CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-                });
-                assertNull("Error connecting to wifi: " + error, error);
-            }
+            final WifiConfiguration config = getOrCreateWifiConfiguration();
+            connectToWifiConfig(config);
+
             // Ensure we get an onAvailable callback and possibly a CONNECTIVITY_ACTION.
             wifiNetwork = callback.waitForAvailable();
-            assertNotNull(err + ": onAvailable callback not received", wifiNetwork);
-            connected = !expectLegacyBroadcast || receiver.waitForState();
+            assertNotNull("onAvailable callback not received after connecting to " + config.SSID,
+                    wifiNetwork);
+            if (expectLegacyBroadcast) {
+                assertTrue("CONNECTIVITY_ACTION not received after connecting to " + config.SSID,
+                        receiver.waitForState());
+            }
         } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
             fail("connectToWifi was interrupted");
         } finally {
@@ -244,10 +269,33 @@
             mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
         }
 
-        assertTrue(err + ": CONNECTIVITY_ACTION not received", connected);
         return wifiNetwork;
     }
 
+    private void connectToWifiConfig(WifiConfiguration config) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_WIFI_CONNECT_RETRIES; i++) {
+            final Integer error = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
+                final ConnectWifiListener listener = new ConnectWifiListener();
+                mWifiManager.connect(config, listener);
+                return listener.connectFuture.get(
+                        CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            });
+
+            if (error == null) return;
+
+            // Only retry for IN_PROGRESS and BUSY
+            if (error != WIFI_ERROR_IN_PROGRESS && error != WIFI_ERROR_BUSY) {
+                fail("Failed to connect to " + config.SSID + ": " + error);
+            }
+
+            Log.w(TAG, "connect failed with " + error + "; waiting before retry");
+            SystemClock.sleep(WIFI_CONNECT_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+
+        fail("Failed to connect to " + config.SSID
+                + " after " + MAX_WIFI_CONNECT_RETRIES + "retries");
+    }
+
     private static class ConnectWifiListener implements WifiManager.ActionListener {
         /**
          * Future completed when the connect process ends. Provides the error code or null if none.
@@ -264,7 +312,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private WifiConfiguration maybeAddVirtualWifiConfiguration() {
+    private WifiConfiguration getOrCreateWifiConfiguration() {
         final List<WifiConfiguration> configs = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS,
                 mWifiManager::getConfiguredNetworks);
         // If no network is configured, add a config for virtual access points if applicable
@@ -275,8 +323,24 @@
 
             return virtualConfig;
         }
-        // No need to add a configuration: there is already one
-        return null;
+        // No need to add a configuration: there is already one.
+        if (configs.size() > 1) {
+            // For convenience in case of local testing on devices with multiple saved configs,
+            // prefer the first configuration that is in range.
+            // In actual tests, there should only be one configuration, and it should be usable as
+            // assumed by WifiManagerTest.testConnect.
+            Log.w(TAG, "Multiple wifi configurations found: "
+                    + configs.stream().map(c -> c.SSID).collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
+            final List<ScanResult> scanResultsList = getWifiScanResults();
+            Log.i(TAG, "Scan results: " + scanResultsList.stream().map(c ->
+                    c.SSID + " (" + c.level + ")").collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
+            final Set<String> scanResults = scanResultsList.stream().map(
+                    s -> "\"" + s.SSID + "\"").collect(Collectors.toSet());
+
+            return configs.stream().filter(c -> scanResults.contains(c.SSID))
+                    .findFirst().orElse(configs.get(0));
+        }
+        return configs.get(0);
     }
 
     private List<ScanResult> getWifiScanResults() {
@@ -327,11 +391,11 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Re-enable wifi networks that were blacklisted, typically because no internet connection was
+     * Re-enable wifi networks that were blocklisted, typically because no internet connection was
      * detected the last time they were connected. This is necessary to make sure wifi can reconnect
      * to them.
      */
-    private void clearWifiBlacklist() {
+    private void clearWifiBlocklist() {
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, ACCESS_WIFI_STATE, () -> {
             for (WifiConfiguration cfg : mWifiManager.getConfiguredNetworks()) {
                 assertTrue(mWifiManager.enableNetwork(cfg.networkId, false /* attemptConnect */));
@@ -662,16 +726,28 @@
      * {@code onAvailable}.
      */
     public static class TestNetworkCallback extends ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
-        private final CountDownLatch mAvailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final ConditionVariable mAvailableCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
         private final CountDownLatch mLostLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final CountDownLatch mUnavailableLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
 
         public Network currentNetwork;
         public Network lastLostNetwork;
 
+        /**
+         * Wait for a network to be available.
+         *
+         * If onAvailable was previously called but was followed by onLost, this will wait for the
+         * next available network.
+         */
         public Network waitForAvailable() throws InterruptedException {
-            return mAvailableLatch.await(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-                    ? currentNetwork : null;
+            final long timeoutMs = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE_TIMEOUT_SECS);
+            while (mAvailableCv.block(timeoutMs)) {
+                final Network n = currentNetwork;
+                if (n != null) return n;
+                Log.w(TAG, "onAvailable called but network was lost before it could be returned."
+                        + " Waiting for the next call to onAvailable.");
+            }
+            return null;
         }
 
         public Network waitForLost() throws InterruptedException {
@@ -683,17 +759,17 @@
             return mUnavailableLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
         }
 
-
         @Override
         public void onAvailable(Network network) {
             currentNetwork = network;
-            mAvailableLatch.countDown();
+            mAvailableCv.open();
         }
 
         @Override
         public void onLost(Network network) {
             lastLostNetwork = network;
             if (network.equals(currentNetwork)) {
+                mAvailableCv.close();
                 currentNetwork = null;
             }
             mLostLatch.countDown();
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index 0a5e506..bd1b74a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -361,6 +361,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRequestLatestEntitlementResult() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mTM.isTetheringSupported());
+        assumeTrue(mPm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
         // Verify that requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult() can get entitlement
         // result(TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN due to invalid downstream type) via listener.
         assertEntitlementResult(listener -> mTM.requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(
diff --git a/tests/integration/Android.bp b/tests/integration/Android.bp
index 5fe478f..7c42811 100644
--- a/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
         "kotlin-reflect",
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
-        "service-connectivity",
+        "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "services.core",
         "services.net",
         "testables",
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
         "libnativehelper_compat_libc++",
         "libnetworkstackutilsjni",
     ],
+    jarjar_rules: ":connectivity-jarjar-rules",
 }
 
 // Utilities for testing framework code both in integration and unit tests.
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 17db179..95ea401 100644
--- a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -255,6 +256,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void setUnderlyingNetworks(List<Network> underlyingNetworks) {
+        mNetworkAgent.setUnderlyingNetworks(underlyingNetworks);
+    }
+
+    public void setOwnerUid(int uid) {
+        mNetworkCapabilities.setOwnerUid(uid);
+        mNetworkAgent.sendNetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
     public void connect() {
         if (!mConnected.compareAndSet(false /* expect */, true /* update */)) {
             // compareAndSet returns false when the value couldn't be updated because it did not
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index 6bd2bd5..08a3007 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -36,11 +36,14 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -49,8 +52,9 @@
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsManagerTest {
     private static final String TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID = "subid";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index b8cd3f6..e7873af 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@
 import android.os.Process;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -77,8 +79,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class ConnectivityManagerTest {
 
     @Mock Context mCtx;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
index 0707ef3..56e5c62 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -23,14 +23,16 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
 import com.android.internal.org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -51,7 +53,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class Ikev2VpnProfileTest {
     private static final String SERVER_ADDR_STRING = "1.2.3.4";
     private static final String IDENTITY_STRING = "Identity";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
index 0b13800..0b82759 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
@@ -36,10 +36,13 @@
 import android.net.ipmemorystore.NetworkAttributesParcelable;
 import android.net.ipmemorystore.Status;
 import android.net.networkstack.ModuleNetworkStackClient;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -53,8 +56,9 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpMemoryStoreTest {
     private static final String TAG = IpMemoryStoreTest.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final String TEST_CLIENT_ID = "testClientId";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java
index 3a8d600..c2a759b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecAlgorithmTest.java
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -45,7 +46,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecAlgorithm}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecAlgorithmTest {
     private static final byte[] KEY_MATERIAL;
 
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testValidationForAlgosAddedInS() throws Exception {
-        if (Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -194,13 +196,13 @@
     private static Set<String> getMandatoryAlgos() {
         return CollectionUtils.filter(
                 ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet(),
-                i -> Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT >= ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
+                i -> Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT >= ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
     }
 
     private static Set<String> getOptionalAlgos() {
         return CollectionUtils.filter(
                 ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.keySet(),
-                i -> Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT < ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
+                i -> Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT < ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.get(i));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
index 25e225e..b87cb48 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
@@ -23,15 +23,20 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecConfig}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecConfigTest {
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java
index 730e2d5..cda8eb7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.IpSecService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -49,7 +51,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecManager}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecManagerTest {
 
     private static final int TEST_UDP_ENCAP_PORT = 34567;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java
index 424f23d..81375f1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/IpSecTransformTest.java
@@ -19,15 +19,20 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecTransform}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecTransformTest {
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
index bc6dbf2..8498b6f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest.java
@@ -24,18 +24,22 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.net.util.KeepalivePacketDataUtil;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public final class KeepalivePacketDataUtilTest {
     private static final byte[] IPV4_KEEPALIVE_SRC_ADDR = {10, 0, 0, 1};
     private static final byte[] IPV4_KEEPALIVE_DST_ADDR = {10, 0, 0, 5};
@@ -164,8 +168,8 @@
         assertEquals(resultData.tos, tos);
         assertEquals(resultData.ttl, ttl);
 
-        final String expected = ""
-                + "android.net.TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable{srcAddress: [10, 0, 0, 1],"
+        final String expected = TcpKeepalivePacketDataParcelable.class.getName()
+                + "{srcAddress: [10, 0, 0, 1],"
                 + " srcPort: 1234, dstAddress: [10, 0, 0, 5], dstPort: 4321, seq: 286331153,"
                 + " ack: 572662306, rcvWnd: 48000, rcvWndScale: 2, tos: 4, ttl: 64}";
         assertEquals(expected, resultData.toString());
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
index 6de31f6..ae7deaa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/MacAddressTest.java
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.MacAddressUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -35,7 +38,8 @@
 import java.util.Random;
 
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class MacAddressTest {
 
     static class AddrTypeTestCase {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt
index eb2b85c..f963593 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkIdentityTest.kt
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.getOemBitfield
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
-@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class NetworkIdentityTest {
     @Test
     fun testGetOemBitfield() {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java
index 13558cd..c5f8c00 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsHistoryTest.java
@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -56,8 +58,9 @@
 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
 import java.util.Random;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsHistoryTest {
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsHistoryTest";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
index 23d5a7e..c971da1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -39,11 +39,14 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import com.google.android.collect.Sets;
 
@@ -53,8 +56,9 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsTest {
 
     private static final String TEST_IFACE = "test0";
@@ -730,6 +734,56 @@
                 ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 50500L, 27L, 100200L, 55, 0);
     }
 
+    // Tests a case where an PlatformVpn is used, where the entire datapath is in the kernel,
+    // including all encapsulation/decapsulation.
+    @Test
+    public void testMigrateTun_platformVpn() {
+        final int ownerUid = Process.SYSTEM_UID;
+        final String tunIface = "ipsec1";
+        final String underlyingIface = "wlan0";
+        NetworkStats delta = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 9)
+                // 2 different apps sent/receive data via ipsec1.
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L)
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L)
+                // Owner (system) sends data through the tunnel
+                .insertEntry(tunIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L)
+                // 1 app already has some traffic on the underlying interface, the other doesn't yet
+                .insertEntry(underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 1000L, 10L, 2000L, 20L, 0L);
+
+        delta.migrateTun(ownerUid, tunIface, Arrays.asList(underlyingIface));
+        assertEquals(9, delta.size()); // 3 DBG entries + 1 entry per app per interface
+
+        // tunIface entries should not be changed.
+        assertValues(delta, 0, tunIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 1, tunIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertValues(delta, 2, tunIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+
+        // Existing underlying Iface entries are updated to include usage over ipsec1
+        assertValues(delta, 3, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 51000L, 35L, 102000L, 70L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added on underlying Iface traffic
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, ownerUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500L, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+
+        // New entries are added for debug purpose
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 10100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, 20100, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 500, 2L, 200L, 5L, 0L);
+        assertContains(delta, underlyingIface, ownerUid, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO,
+                ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 2000L, 20L, 3000L, 30L, 0L);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testFilter_NoFilter() {
         NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
index cb39a0c..49c7271 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI
-import android.net.NetworkIdentity.SUBTYPE_COMBINED
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity.SUBTYPE_COMBINED
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity
 import android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL
@@ -31,23 +31,25 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD
-import android.net.NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT
-import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi
-import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateCarrierMetered
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWithRatType
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard
+import android.os.Build
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -60,7 +62,8 @@
 private const val TEST_SSID1 = "ssid1"
 private const val TEST_SSID2 = "ssid2"
 
-@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class NetworkTemplateTest {
     private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
index 7748288..a28245d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -26,8 +31,9 @@
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-@androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkUtilsTest {
     @Test
     public void testRoutedIPv4AddressCount() {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java
index 40f8f1b..91f2cdd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/QosSocketFilterTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -27,8 +32,9 @@
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-@androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class QosSocketFilterTest {
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
index 6714bb1..ead964e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -23,16 +23,20 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import android.net.wifi.WifiNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}.
  */
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest {
     private static final int TEST_SUBID = 5;
     private static final String TEST_SSID = "Test123";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
index 3135062..532081a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnManagerTest.java
@@ -27,14 +27,16 @@
 
 import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
 import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -42,7 +44,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link VpnManager}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class VpnManagerTest {
     private static final String PKG_NAME = "fooPackage";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java
index ccaa5cf..b4c7ac4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/VpnTransportInfoTest.java
@@ -24,14 +24,19 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 
+import android.os.Build;
+
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class VpnTransportInfoTest {
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
index 603c875..5d0b783 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 
 import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk;
 import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirkParcelable;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -36,8 +39,9 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class ParcelableTests {
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAttributesParceling() throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index 370179c..31c8927 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Looper;
@@ -35,9 +36,10 @@
 import android.os.Messenger;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.AsyncChannel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -47,8 +49,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NsdManagerTest {
 
     static final int PROTOCOL = NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
index 94dfc75..ca8cf07 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfoTest.java
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.StrictMode;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -36,8 +39,9 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NsdServiceInfoTest {
 
     public final static InetAddress LOCALHOST;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
index b626db8..660d516 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.os.Build;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -37,8 +40,9 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class DnsUtilsTest {
     private InetAddress stringToAddress(@NonNull String addr) {
         return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
index b62bdbc..9203f8f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/KeepaliveUtilsTest.kt
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_ETHERNET
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI
+import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.internal.R
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.fail
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
 import org.mockito.Mockito.any
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
@@ -45,8 +47,9 @@
  * Build, install and run with:
  * atest android.net.util.KeepaliveUtilsTest
  */
-@RunWith(JUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class KeepaliveUtilsTest {
 
     // Prepare mocked context with given resource strings.
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@
 
         // Check valid customization generates expected array.
         val validRes = arrayOf("0,3", "1,0", "4,4")
-        val expectedValidRes = intArrayOf(3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0)
+        val expectedValidRes = intArrayOf(3, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0)
 
         val mockContext = getMockedContextWithStringArrayRes(
                 R.array.config_networkSupportedKeepaliveCount,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
index 78c8fa4..576b8d3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_AVOID_BAD_WIFI
 import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE
 import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker.ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener
+import android.os.Build
 import android.provider.Settings
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
@@ -57,8 +59,9 @@
  * Build, install and run with:
  * atest android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest {
     private val resources = mock(Resources::class.java).also {
         doReturn(R.integer.config_networkAvoidBadWifi).`when`(it).getIdentifier(
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java
index 3cfecd5..51388d4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java
@@ -27,18 +27,23 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-@androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkUtilsInternalTest {
 
     private static void expectSocketSuccess(String msg, int domain, int type) {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
index cb0f071..a945a1f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -25,12 +25,15 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.os.Build;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -38,7 +41,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link VpnProfile}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class VpnProfileTest {
     private static final String DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY = "Test";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/BitUtilsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/BitUtilsTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d2fbdce..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/BitUtilsTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.internal.util;
-
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.bytesToBEInt;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.bytesToLEInt;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.getUint16;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.getUint32;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.getUint8;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.packBits;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.uint16;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.uint32;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.uint8;
-import static com.android.internal.util.BitUtils.unpackBits;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Random;
-
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-public class BitUtilsTest {
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUnsignedByteWideningConversions() {
-        byte b0 = 0;
-        byte b1 = 1;
-        byte bm1 = -1;
-        assertEquals(0, uint8(b0));
-        assertEquals(1, uint8(b1));
-        assertEquals(127, uint8(Byte.MAX_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(128, uint8(Byte.MIN_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(255, uint8(bm1));
-        assertEquals(255, uint8((byte)255));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUnsignedShortWideningConversions() {
-        short s0 = 0;
-        short s1 = 1;
-        short sm1 = -1;
-        assertEquals(0, uint16(s0));
-        assertEquals(1, uint16(s1));
-        assertEquals(32767, uint16(Short.MAX_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(32768, uint16(Short.MIN_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(65535, uint16(sm1));
-        assertEquals(65535, uint16((short)65535));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUnsignedShortComposition() {
-        byte b0 = 0;
-        byte b1 = 1;
-        byte b2 = 2;
-        byte b10 = 10;
-        byte b16 = 16;
-        byte b128 = -128;
-        byte b224 = -32;
-        byte b255 = -1;
-        assertEquals(0x0000, uint16(b0, b0));
-        assertEquals(0xffff, uint16(b255, b255));
-        assertEquals(0x0a01, uint16(b10, b1));
-        assertEquals(0x8002, uint16(b128, b2));
-        assertEquals(0x01ff, uint16(b1, b255));
-        assertEquals(0x80ff, uint16(b128, b255));
-        assertEquals(0xe010, uint16(b224, b16));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUnsignedIntWideningConversions() {
-        assertEquals(0, uint32(0));
-        assertEquals(1, uint32(1));
-        assertEquals(2147483647L, uint32(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(2147483648L, uint32(Integer.MIN_VALUE));
-        assertEquals(4294967295L, uint32(-1));
-        assertEquals(4294967295L, uint32((int)4294967295L));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBytesToInt() {
-        assertEquals(0x00000000, bytesToBEInt(bytes(0, 0, 0, 0)));
-        assertEquals(0xffffffff, bytesToBEInt(bytes(255, 255, 255, 255)));
-        assertEquals(0x0a000001, bytesToBEInt(bytes(10, 0, 0, 1)));
-        assertEquals(0x0a000002, bytesToBEInt(bytes(10, 0, 0, 2)));
-        assertEquals(0x0a001fff, bytesToBEInt(bytes(10, 0, 31, 255)));
-        assertEquals(0xe0000001, bytesToBEInt(bytes(224, 0, 0, 1)));
-
-        assertEquals(0x00000000, bytesToLEInt(bytes(0, 0, 0, 0)));
-        assertEquals(0x01020304, bytesToLEInt(bytes(4, 3, 2, 1)));
-        assertEquals(0xffff0000, bytesToLEInt(bytes(0, 0, 255, 255)));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUnsignedGetters() {
-        ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
-        b.putInt(0xffff);
-
-        assertEquals(0x0, getUint8(b, 0));
-        assertEquals(0x0, getUint8(b, 1));
-        assertEquals(0xff, getUint8(b, 2));
-        assertEquals(0xff, getUint8(b, 3));
-
-        assertEquals(0x0, getUint16(b, 0));
-        assertEquals(0xffff, getUint16(b, 2));
-
-        b.rewind();
-        b.putInt(0xffffffff);
-        assertEquals(0xffffffffL, getUint32(b, 0));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testBitsPacking() {
-        BitPackingTestCase[] testCases = {
-            new BitPackingTestCase(0, ints()),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(1, ints(0)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(2, ints(1)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(3, ints(0, 1)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(4, ints(2)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(6, ints(1, 2)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(9, ints(0, 3)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(~Long.MAX_VALUE, ints(63)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(~Long.MAX_VALUE + 1, ints(0, 63)),
-            new BitPackingTestCase(~Long.MAX_VALUE + 2, ints(1, 63)),
-        };
-        for (BitPackingTestCase tc : testCases) {
-            int[] got = unpackBits(tc.packedBits);
-            assertTrue(
-                    "unpackBits("
-                            + tc.packedBits
-                            + "): expected "
-                            + Arrays.toString(tc.bits)
-                            + " but got "
-                            + Arrays.toString(got),
-                    Arrays.equals(tc.bits, got));
-        }
-        for (BitPackingTestCase tc : testCases) {
-            long got = packBits(tc.bits);
-            assertEquals(
-                    "packBits("
-                            + Arrays.toString(tc.bits)
-                            + "): expected "
-                            + tc.packedBits
-                            + " but got "
-                            + got,
-                    tc.packedBits,
-                    got);
-        }
-
-        long[] moreTestCases = {
-            0, 1, -1, 23895, -908235, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE, new Random().nextLong(),
-        };
-        for (long l : moreTestCases) {
-            assertEquals(l, packBits(unpackBits(l)));
-        }
-    }
-
-    static byte[] bytes(int b1, int b2, int b3, int b4) {
-        return new byte[] {b(b1), b(b2), b(b3), b(b4)};
-    }
-
-    static byte b(int i) {
-        return (byte) i;
-    }
-
-    static int[] ints(int... array) {
-        return array;
-    }
-
-    static class BitPackingTestCase {
-        final int[] bits;
-        final long packedBits;
-
-        BitPackingTestCase(long packedBits, int[] bits) {
-            this.bits = bits;
-            this.packedBits = packedBits;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/RingBufferTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/RingBufferTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d06095a..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/util/RingBufferTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.internal.util;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
-@SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-public class RingBufferTest {
-
-    @Test
-    public void testEmptyRingBuffer() {
-        RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, 100);
-
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[0], buffer.toArray());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIncorrectConstructorArguments() {
-        try {
-            RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, -10);
-            fail("Should not be able to create a negative capacity RingBuffer");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-
-        try {
-            RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, 0);
-            fail("Should not be able to create a 0 capacity RingBuffer");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRingBufferWithNoWrapping() {
-        RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, 100);
-
-        buffer.append("a");
-        buffer.append("b");
-        buffer.append("c");
-        buffer.append("d");
-        buffer.append("e");
-
-        String[] expected = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
-        assertArrayEquals(expected, buffer.toArray());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRingBufferWithCapacity1() {
-        RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, 1);
-
-        buffer.append("a");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a"}, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("b");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"b"}, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("c");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"c"}, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("d");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"d"}, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("e");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"e"}, buffer.toArray());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRingBufferWithWrapping() {
-        int capacity = 100;
-        RingBuffer<String> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(String.class, capacity);
-
-        buffer.append("a");
-        buffer.append("b");
-        buffer.append("c");
-        buffer.append("d");
-        buffer.append("e");
-
-        String[] expected1 = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
-        assertArrayEquals(expected1, buffer.toArray());
-
-        String[] expected2 = new String[capacity];
-        int firstIndex = 0;
-        int lastIndex = capacity - 1;
-
-        expected2[firstIndex] = "e";
-        for (int i = 1; i < capacity; i++) {
-            buffer.append("x");
-            expected2[i] = "x";
-        }
-        assertArrayEquals(expected2, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("x");
-        expected2[firstIndex] = "x";
-        assertArrayEquals(expected2, buffer.toArray());
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-            for (String s : expected2) {
-                buffer.append(s);
-            }
-        }
-        assertArrayEquals(expected2, buffer.toArray());
-
-        buffer.append("a");
-        expected2[lastIndex] = "a";
-        assertArrayEquals(expected2, buffer.toArray());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetNextSlot() {
-        int capacity = 100;
-        RingBuffer<DummyClass1> buffer = new RingBuffer<>(DummyClass1.class, capacity);
-
-        final DummyClass1[] actual = new DummyClass1[capacity];
-        final DummyClass1[] expected = new DummyClass1[capacity];
-        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; ++i) {
-            final DummyClass1 obj = buffer.getNextSlot();
-            obj.x = capacity * i;
-            actual[i] = obj;
-            expected[i] = new DummyClass1();
-            expected[i].x = capacity * i;
-        }
-        assertArrayEquals(expected, buffer.toArray());
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; ++i) {
-            if (actual[i] != buffer.getNextSlot()) {
-                fail("getNextSlot() should re-use objects if available");
-            }
-        }
-
-        RingBuffer<DummyClass2> buffer2 = new RingBuffer<>(DummyClass2.class, capacity);
-        assertNull("getNextSlot() should return null if the object can't be initiated "
-                + "(No nullary constructor)", buffer2.getNextSlot());
-
-        RingBuffer<DummyClass3> buffer3 = new RingBuffer<>(DummyClass3.class, capacity);
-        assertNull("getNextSlot() should return null if the object can't be initiated "
-                + "(Inaccessible class)", buffer3.getNextSlot());
-    }
-
-    public static final class DummyClass1 {
-        int x;
-
-        public boolean equals(Object o) {
-            if (o instanceof DummyClass1) {
-                final DummyClass1 other = (DummyClass1) o;
-                return other.x == this.x;
-            }
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public static final class DummyClass2 {
-        public DummyClass2(int x) {}
-    }
-
-    private static final class DummyClass3 {}
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 6c484cc..4961024 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 
-import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED;
-import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN;
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
 import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.await;
 import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.durationOf;
@@ -174,6 +176,8 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -258,6 +262,7 @@
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
+import android.net.netd.aidl.NativeUidRangeConfig;
 import android.net.networkstack.NetworkStackClientBase;
 import android.net.resolv.aidl.Nat64PrefixEventParcel;
 import android.net.resolv.aidl.PrivateDnsValidationEventParcel;
@@ -301,13 +306,11 @@
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.WakeupMessage;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
@@ -325,6 +328,8 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPinner;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
@@ -388,8 +393,9 @@
  * Build, install and run with:
  *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTest
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class ConnectivityServiceTest {
     private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityServiceTest";
 
@@ -432,6 +438,7 @@
     private static final String TEST_PACKAGE_NAME = "com.android.test.package";
     private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID = 123;
     private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID2 = 321;
+    private static final int TEST_PACKAGE_UID3 = 456;
     private static final String ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE = "com.android.test.alwaysonvpn";
 
     private static final String INTERFACE_NAME = "interface";
@@ -1165,20 +1172,14 @@
             assertEquals(count, getMyRequestCount());
         }
 
-        @Override
-        public void terminate() {
-            super.terminate();
-            // Make sure there are no remaining requests unaccounted for.
-            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerSendingRequests, TIMEOUT_MS);
-            assertNull(mRequestHistory.poll(0, r -> true));
-        }
-
         // Trigger releasing the request as unfulfillable
         public void triggerUnfulfillable(NetworkRequest r) {
             super.releaseRequestAsUnfulfillableByAnyFactory(r);
         }
 
         public void assertNoRequestChanged() {
+            // Make sure there are no remaining requests unaccounted for.
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerSendingRequests, TIMEOUT_MS);
             assertNull(mRequestHistory.poll(0, r -> true));
         }
     }
@@ -1294,10 +1295,12 @@
                     mNetworkCapabilities);
             mMockNetworkAgent.waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS);
 
-            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId()),
-                    eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(uids)));
-            verify(mMockNetd, never())
-                    .networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId()), any());
+            verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(uids), PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN));
+            verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(argThat(config ->
+                    mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId() == config.netId
+                            && PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN == config.subPriority));
             mAgentRegistered = true;
             verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigVpn(getNetwork().netId,
                     !mMockNetworkAgent.isBypassableVpn(), mVpnType));
@@ -1526,7 +1529,7 @@
     }
 
     private <T> T doAsUid(final int uid, @NonNull final Supplier<T> what) {
-        when(mDeps.getCallingUid()).thenReturn(uid);
+        doReturn(uid).when(mDeps).getCallingUid();
         try {
             return what.get();
         } finally {
@@ -1601,9 +1604,8 @@
 
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
-        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO));
-        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
+        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO));
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
         when(mUserManager.getUserInfo(PRIMARY_USER)).thenReturn(PRIMARY_USER_INFO);
         // canHaveRestrictedProfile does not take a userId. It applies to the userId of the context
         // it was started from, i.e., PRIMARY_USER.
@@ -1811,7 +1813,7 @@
                 eq(UserHandle.getCallingUserId()))).thenReturn(myPackageInfo);
 
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(new PackageInfo[] {
+                asList(new PackageInfo[] {
                         buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, APP1_UID),
                         buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, APP2_UID),
                         buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, VPN_UID)
@@ -1828,7 +1830,7 @@
         ResolveInfo rInfo = new ResolveInfo();
         rInfo.serviceInfo = new ServiceInfo();
         rInfo.serviceInfo.metaData = new Bundle();
-        final List<ResolveInfo> services = Arrays.asList(new ResolveInfo[]{rInfo});
+        final List<ResolveInfo> services = asList(new ResolveInfo[]{rInfo});
         when(mPackageManager.queryIntentServicesAsUser(any(), eq(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA),
                 eq(userId))).thenReturn(services);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, userId))
@@ -3232,6 +3234,7 @@
         assertTrue(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
 
         testFactory.terminate();
+        testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
         if (networkCallback != null) mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
         handlerThread.quit();
     }
@@ -3316,6 +3319,7 @@
 
             testFactory.setScoreFilter(42);
             testFactory.terminate();
+            testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
 
             if (i % 2 == 0) {
                 try {
@@ -4617,6 +4621,9 @@
             // and the test factory should see it now that it isn't hopelessly outscored.
             mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
             cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+            // Wait for the network to be removed from internal structures before
+            // calling synchronous getter
+            waitForIdle();
             assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
             testFactory.expectRequestAdd();
             testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
@@ -4627,6 +4634,7 @@
             mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
             mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
             cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+            waitForIdle();
             assertLength(2, mCm.getAllNetworks());
             testFactory.expectRequestRemove();
             testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
@@ -4638,8 +4646,9 @@
             cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
             waitForIdle();
             assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
-        } finally {
             testFactory.terminate();
+            testFactory.assertNoRequestChanged();
+        } finally {
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
             handlerThread.quit();
         }
@@ -4838,8 +4847,8 @@
         final ContentResolver cr = mServiceContext.getContentResolver();
         final String settingName = ConnectivitySettingsManager.NETWORK_METERED_MULTIPATH_PREFERENCE;
 
-        for (int config : Arrays.asList(0, 3, 2)) {
-            for (String setting: Arrays.asList(null, "0", "2", "1")) {
+        for (int config : asList(0, 3, 2)) {
+            for (String setting: asList(null, "0", "2", "1")) {
                 mPolicyTracker.mConfigMeteredMultipathPreference = config;
                 Settings.Global.putString(cr, settingName, setting);
                 mPolicyTracker.reevaluate();
@@ -5448,6 +5457,8 @@
             // the follow-up network disconnection will be processed first.
             mWiFiNetworkAgent.setKeepaliveResponseDelay(3 * TIMEOUT_MS);
             ka.stop();
+            // Call stop() twice shouldn't result in crash, b/182586681.
+            ka.stop();
 
             // Make sure the stop has been processed. Wait for executor idle is needed to prevent
             // flaky since the actual stop call to the service is delegated to executor thread.
@@ -5745,37 +5756,59 @@
     @Test
     public void testNetworkCallbackMaximum() throws Exception {
         final int MAX_REQUESTS = 100;
-        final int CALLBACKS = 89;
-        final int INTENTS = 11;
+        final int CALLBACKS = 87;
+        final int DIFF_INTENTS = 10;
+        final int SAME_INTENTS = 10;
         final int SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS = 250;
-        assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS, CALLBACKS + INTENTS);
+        // Assert 1 (Default request filed before testing) + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS +
+        // 1 (same intent) = MAX_REQUESTS - 1, since the capacity is MAX_REQUEST - 1.
+        assertEquals(MAX_REQUESTS - 1, 1 + CALLBACKS + DIFF_INTENTS + 1);
 
         NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         ArrayList<Object> registered = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        int j = 0;
-        while (j++ < CALLBACKS / 2) {
-            NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
-            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, cb);
+        for (int j = 0; j < CALLBACKS; j++) {
+            final NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
+            if (j < CALLBACKS / 2) {
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, cb);
+            } else {
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
+            }
             registered.add(cb);
         }
-        while (j++ < CALLBACKS) {
-            NetworkCallback cb = new NetworkCallback();
-            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, cb);
-            registered.add(cb);
+
+        // Since ConnectivityService will de-duplicate the request with the same intent,
+        // register multiple times does not really increase multiple requests.
+        final PendingIntent same_pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                new Intent("same"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        for (int j = 0; j < SAME_INTENTS; j++) {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, same_pi);
+            // Wait for the requests with the same intent to be de-duplicated. Because
+            // ConnectivityService side incrementCountOrThrow in binder, decrementCount in handler
+            // thread, waitForIdle is needed to ensure decrementCount being invoked for same intent
+            // requests before doing further tests.
+            waitForIdle();
         }
-        j = 0;
-        while (j++ < INTENTS / 2) {
-            final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                    new Intent("a" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
-            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pi);
-            registered.add(pi);
+        for (int j = 0; j < SAME_INTENTS; j++) {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, same_pi);
+            // Wait for the requests with the same intent to be de-duplicated.
+            // Refer to the reason above.
+            waitForIdle();
         }
-        while (j++ < INTENTS) {
-            final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                    new Intent("b" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
-            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pi);
-            registered.add(pi);
+        registered.add(same_pi);
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < DIFF_INTENTS; j++) {
+            if (j < DIFF_INTENTS / 2) {
+                final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                        new Intent("a" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+                mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pi);
+                registered.add(pi);
+            } else {
+                final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                        new Intent("b" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pi);
+                registered.add(pi);
+            }
         }
 
         // Test that the limit is enforced when MAX_REQUESTS simultaneous requests are added.
@@ -5825,10 +5858,10 @@
 
         for (Object o : registered) {
             if (o instanceof NetworkCallback) {
-                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((NetworkCallback)o);
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((NetworkCallback) o);
             }
             if (o instanceof PendingIntent) {
-                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((PendingIntent)o);
+                mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback((PendingIntent) o);
             }
         }
         waitForIdle();
@@ -5974,10 +6007,10 @@
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, networkAgent);
         networkCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, networkAgent);
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
-        checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(cbi.getLp(), Arrays.asList(myIpv4Address),
-                Arrays.asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+        checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(cbi.getLp(), asList(myIpv4Address),
+                asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
         checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(mCm.getLinkProperties(networkAgent.getNetwork()),
-                Arrays.asList(myIpv4Address), Arrays.asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+                asList(myIpv4Address), asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
 
         // Verify direct routes are added during subsequent link properties updates.
         LinkProperties newLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
@@ -5989,8 +6022,8 @@
         cbi = networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, networkAgent);
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
         checkDirectlyConnectedRoutes(cbi.getLp(),
-                Arrays.asList(myIpv4Address, myIpv6Address1, myIpv6Address2),
-                Arrays.asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
+                asList(myIpv4Address, myIpv6Address1, myIpv6Address2),
+                asList(myIpv4DefaultRoute));
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
     }
 
@@ -6003,7 +6036,7 @@
         verify(mStatsManager, atLeastOnce()).notifyNetworkStatus(networksCaptor.capture(),
                 any(List.class), eq(defaultIface), vpnInfosCaptor.capture());
 
-        assertSameElements(networksCaptor.getValue(), networks);
+        assertSameElements(networks, networksCaptor.getValue());
 
         List<UnderlyingNetworkInfo> infos = vpnInfosCaptor.getValue();
         if (vpnUid != null) {
@@ -6208,6 +6241,77 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testNonVpnUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        // Ensure wifi and cellular are not torn down.
+        for (int transport : new int[]{TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, TRANSPORT_WIFI}) {
+            final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                    .addTransportType(transport)
+                    .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                    .build();
+            mCm.requestNetwork(request, new NetworkCallback());
+        }
+
+        // Connect a VCN-managed wifi network.
+        final LinkProperties wifiLp = new LinkProperties();
+        wifiLp.setInterfaceName(WIFI_IFNAME);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI, wifiLp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */);
+
+        final List<Network> none = List.of();
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(none, null);  // Wifi is not the default network
+
+        // Create a virtual network based on the wifi network.
+        final int ownerUid = 10042;
+        NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .setOwnerUid(ownerUid)
+                .setAdministratorUids(new int[]{ownerUid})
+                .build();
+        final String vcnIface = "ipsec42";
+        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName(vcnIface);
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper vcn = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, lp, nc);
+        vcn.setUnderlyingNetworks(List.of(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+        vcn.connect(false /* validated */);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(vcn);
+
+        // The underlying wifi network's capabilities are not propagated to the virtual network,
+        // but NetworkStatsService is informed of the underlying interface.
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        final List<Network> onlyVcn = List.of(vcn.getNetwork());
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyVcn, vcnIface, ownerUid, vcnIface, List.of(WIFI_IFNAME));
+
+        // Add NOT_METERED to the underlying network, check that it is not propagated.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+
+        // Switch underlying networks.
+        final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
+        cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        vcn.setUnderlyingNetworks(List.of(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork()));
+
+        // The underlying capability changes do not propagate to the virtual network, but
+        // NetworkStatsService is informed of the new underlying interface.
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vcn.getNetwork());
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+        expectNotifyNetworkStatus(onlyVcn, vcnIface, ownerUid, vcnIface, List.of(MOBILE_IFNAME));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testBasicDnsConfigurationPushed() throws Exception {
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
 
@@ -6247,9 +6351,9 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(1, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "2001:db8::1"));
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "2001:db8::1"));
         // Opportunistic mode.
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(resolvrParams.tlsServers, "2001:db8::1"));
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.tlsServers, "2001:db8::1"));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.1"));
@@ -6259,12 +6363,12 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.servers,
-                new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         // Opportunistic mode.
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.tlsServers,
-                new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         final String TLS_SPECIFIER = "tls.example.com";
@@ -6279,8 +6383,8 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.servers,
-                new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
     }
 
@@ -6387,12 +6491,12 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.tlsServers,
-                new String[] { "2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1" }));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         // Opportunistic mode.
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.tlsServers,
-                new String[] { "2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1" }));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
@@ -6409,8 +6513,8 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.servers,
-                new String[] { "2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1" }));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
@@ -6419,11 +6523,11 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.servers,
-                new String[] { "2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1" }));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.servers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         assertEquals(2, resolvrParams.tlsServers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(resolvrParams.tlsServers,
-                new String[] { "2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1" }));
+        assertTrue(new ArraySet<>(resolvrParams.tlsServers).containsAll(
+                asList("2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1")));
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
@@ -7459,7 +7563,7 @@
         // Start the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it loses network access.
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(ALWAYS_ON_PACKAGE, RESTRICTED_USER))
                 .thenReturn(UserHandle.getUid(RESTRICTED_USER, VPN_UID));
-        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO,
+        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO,
                 RESTRICTED_USER_INFO));
         // TODO: check that VPN app within restricted profile still has access, etc.
         final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
@@ -7470,7 +7574,7 @@
         assertNull(mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(restrictedUid));
 
         // Stop the restricted profile, and check that the UID within it has network access again.
-        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO));
+        when(mUserManager.getAliveUsers()).thenReturn(asList(PRIMARY_USER_INFO));
 
         // Send a USER_REMOVED broadcast and expect to lose the UID range for the restricted user.
         final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
@@ -7895,7 +7999,7 @@
     // networks, ConnectivityService does not guarantee the order in which callbacks are fired.
     private void assertBlockedCallbackInAnyOrder(TestNetworkCallback callback, boolean blocked,
             TestNetworkAgentWrapper... agents) {
-        final List<Network> expectedNetworks = Arrays.asList(agents).stream()
+        final List<Network> expectedNetworks = asList(agents).stream()
                 .map((agent) -> agent.getNetwork())
                 .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
@@ -8591,7 +8695,7 @@
                 mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.capture());
         ResolverParamsParcel resolvrParams = mResolverParamsParcelCaptor.getValue();
         assertEquals(1, resolvrParams.servers.length);
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "8.8.8.8"));
+        assertTrue(CollectionUtils.contains(resolvrParams.servers, "8.8.8.8"));
 
         for (final LinkProperties stackedLp : stackedLpsAfterChange) {
             verify(mDeps).reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(
@@ -9264,7 +9368,7 @@
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
 
         // Update to new range which is old range minus APP1, i.e. only APP2
-        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
+        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(asList(
                 new UidRange(vpnRange.start, APP1_UID - 1),
                 new UidRange(APP1_UID + 1, vpnRange.stop)));
         mMockVpn.setUids(newRanges);
@@ -9756,9 +9860,9 @@
         assertVpnUidRangesUpdated(true, vpnRange, vpnOwnerUid);
 
         final UnderlyingNetworkInfo underlyingNetworkInfo =
-                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(vpnOwnerUid, VPN_IFNAME, new ArrayList<String>());
+                new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(vpnOwnerUid, VPN_IFNAME, new ArrayList<>());
         mMockVpn.setUnderlyingNetworkInfo(underlyingNetworkInfo);
-        when(mDeps.getConnectionOwnerUid(anyInt(), any(), any())).thenReturn(42);
+        doReturn(42).when(mDeps).getConnectionOwnerUid(anyInt(), any(), any());
     }
 
     private void setupConnectionOwnerUidAsVpnApp(int vpnOwnerUid, @VpnManager.VpnType int vpnType)
@@ -10116,10 +10220,7 @@
         mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
 
-        // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onConnectivityReportAvailable(argThat(report -> {
                     return INTERFACE_NAME.equals(report.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName())
                             && report.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
@@ -10153,13 +10254,13 @@
     }
 
     private boolean areConnDiagCapsRedacted(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
-        TestTransportInfo ti = (TestTransportInfo) nc.getTransportInfo();
+        TestTransportInfo ti = getTestTransportInfo(nc);
         return nc.getUids() == null
                 && nc.getAdministratorUids().length == 0
                 && nc.getOwnerUid() == Process.INVALID_UID
-                && getTestTransportInfo(nc).locationRedacted
-                && getTestTransportInfo(nc).localMacAddressRedacted
-                && getTestTransportInfo(nc).settingsRedacted;
+                && ti.locationRedacted
+                && ti.localMacAddressRedacted
+                && ti.settingsRedacted;
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -10167,12 +10268,10 @@
             throws Exception {
         setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
 
-        // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-
         // Verify onConnectivityReport fired
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onConnectivityReportAvailable(
-                argThat(report -> areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(argThat(report ->
+                        areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -10183,11 +10282,8 @@
         // cellular network agent
         mCellNetworkAgent.notifyDataStallSuspected();
 
-        // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-
         // Verify onDataStallSuspected fired
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onDataStallSuspected(
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS)).onDataStallSuspected(
                 argThat(report -> areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
     }
 
@@ -10195,26 +10291,72 @@
     public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnConnectivityReported() throws Exception {
         setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
 
+        // reset to ignore callbacks from setup
+        reset(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+
         final Network n = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
         final boolean hasConnectivity = true;
         mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, hasConnectivity);
 
-        // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-
         // Verify onNetworkConnectivityReported fired
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(hasConnectivity));
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
 
         final boolean noConnectivity = false;
         mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, noConnectivity);
 
+        // Wait for onNetworkConnectivityReported to fire
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(noConnectivity));
+
+        // Also expect a ConnectivityReport after NetworkMonitor asynchronously re-validates
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(2))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackOnConnectivityReportedSeparateUid()
+            throws Exception {
+        setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
+
+        // reset to ignore callbacks from setup
+        reset(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback);
+
+        // report known Connectivity from a different uid. Verify that network is not re-validated
+        // and this callback is not notified.
+        final Network n = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        final boolean hasConnectivity = true;
+        doAsUid(Process.myUid() + 1, () -> mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, hasConnectivity));
+
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
+        // Verify onNetworkConnectivityReported did not fire
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, never())
+                .onNetworkConnectivityReported(any(), anyBoolean());
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, never())
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(any());
+
+        // report different Connectivity from a different uid. Verify that network is re-validated
+        // and that this callback is notified.
+        final boolean noConnectivity = false;
+        doAsUid(Process.myUid() + 1, () -> mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, noConnectivity));
+
         // Wait for onNetworkConnectivityReported to fire
-        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
                 .onNetworkConnectivityReported(eq(n), eq(noConnectivity));
+
+        // Also expect a ConnectivityReport after NetworkMonitor asynchronously re-validates
+        verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS))
+                .onConnectivityReportAvailable(
+                        argThat(report ->
+                                areConnDiagCapsRedacted(report.getNetworkCapabilities())));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -10334,13 +10476,13 @@
         assertContainsExactly(exemptUidCaptor.getValue(), Process.VPN_UID, exemptUid);
 
         if (add) {
-            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
-                    .networkAddUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId()),
-                    eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges), PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN));
         } else {
-            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
-                    .networkRemoveUidRanges(eq(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId()),
-                    eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)));
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(
+                    new NativeUidRangeConfig(mMockVpn.getNetwork().getNetId(),
+                            toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges), PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_VPN));
         }
 
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).socketDestroy(eq(toUidRangeStableParcels(vpnRanges)),
@@ -10368,7 +10510,7 @@
         verify(mProxyTracker, never()).sendProxyBroadcast();
 
         // Update to new range which is old range minus APP1, i.e. only APP2
-        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
+        final Set<UidRange> newRanges = new HashSet<>(asList(
                 new UidRange(vpnRange.start, APP1_UID - 1),
                 new UidRange(APP1_UID + 1, vpnRange.stop)));
         mMockVpn.setUids(newRanges);
@@ -10814,7 +10956,7 @@
                         .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
                                 createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
-        assertEquals(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority());
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.mPreferencePriority);
         final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
@@ -10844,7 +10986,7 @@
                         .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
                                 createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
-        assertEquals(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority());
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.mPreferencePriority);
         final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
@@ -10871,7 +11013,7 @@
                         .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
                                 createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
-        assertEquals(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority());
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.mPreferencePriority);
         final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
@@ -10895,7 +11037,7 @@
                         .createNrisFromOemNetworkPreferences(
                                 createDefaultOemNetworkPreferences(prefToTest));
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = nris.iterator().next();
-        assertEquals(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority());
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM, nri.mPreferencePriority);
         final List<NetworkRequest> mRequests = nri.mRequests;
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfNris, nris.size());
         assertEquals(expectedNumOfRequests, mRequests.size());
@@ -10969,7 +11111,7 @@
         final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(SECONDARY_USER, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
         final int thirdUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(TERTIARY_USER, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
         when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE, TERTIARY_USER_HANDLE));
+                asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE, TERTIARY_USER_HANDLE));
 
         // Arrange PackageManager mocks testing for users who have and don't have a package.
         mockGetApplicationInfoThrowsNameNotFound(TEST_PACKAGE_NAME, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE);
@@ -11273,19 +11415,29 @@
             @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
             @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
             @NonNull final String testPackageName) throws Exception {
-        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
-                networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges, testPackageName, true);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges,
+                testPackageName, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, true /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
     }
 
     private void setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
             @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
             @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
             @NonNull final String testPackageName,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user) throws Exception {
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPrefToSetup, uidRanges,
+                testPackageName, user, true /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
+    }
+
+    private void setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+            @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPrefToSetup,
+            @NonNull final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges,
+            @NonNull final String testPackageName,
+            @NonNull final UserHandle user,
             final boolean hasAutomotiveFeature) throws Exception {
         mockHasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE, hasAutomotiveFeature);
 
         // These tests work off a single UID therefore using 'start' is valid.
-        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName, uidRanges[0].start);
+        mockGetApplicationInfo(testPackageName, uidRanges[0].start, user);
 
         setOemNetworkPreference(networkPrefToSetup, testPackageName);
     }
@@ -11572,14 +11724,15 @@
         final boolean useAnyIdForAdd = OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID == addUidRangesNetId;
         final boolean useAnyIdForRemove = OEM_PREF_ANY_NET_ID == removeUidRangesNetId;
 
-        // Validate netd.
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(addUidRangesTimes))
-                .networkAddUidRanges(
-                        (useAnyIdForAdd ? anyInt() : eq(addUidRangesNetId)), eq(addedUidRanges));
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(removeUidRangesTimes))
-                .networkRemoveUidRanges(
-                        (useAnyIdForRemove ? anyInt() : eq(removeUidRangesNetId)),
-                        eq(removedUidRanges));
+        // Validate that add/remove uid range (with oem priority) to/from netd.
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(addUidRangesTimes)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(argThat(config ->
+                (useAnyIdForAdd ? true : addUidRangesNetId == config.netId)
+                        && Arrays.equals(addedUidRanges, config.uidRanges)
+                        && PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM == config.subPriority));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(removeUidRangesTimes)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(
+                argThat(config -> (useAnyIdForRemove ? true : removeUidRangesNetId == config.netId)
+                        && Arrays.equals(removedUidRanges, config.uidRanges)
+                        && PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM == config.subPriority));
         if (shouldDestroyNetwork) {
             verify(mMockNetd, times(1))
                     .networkDestroy((useAnyIdForRemove ? anyInt() : eq(removeUidRangesNetId)));
@@ -11629,7 +11782,7 @@
 
         // Add an OEM default network request to track.
         setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
-                networkPref, uidRanges, validTestPackageName,
+                networkPref, uidRanges, validTestPackageName, PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE,
                 false /* hasAutomotiveFeature */);
 
         // Two requests should now exist; the system default and the test request.
@@ -11905,7 +12058,7 @@
         final int secondUser = 10;
         final UserHandle secondUserHandle = new UserHandle(secondUser);
         when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle));
+                asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle));
 
         // Arrange PackageManager mocks
         final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
@@ -11946,7 +12099,7 @@
         final int secondUser = 10;
         final UserHandle secondUserHandle = new UserHandle(secondUser);
         when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
+                asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
 
         // Arrange PackageManager mocks
         final int secondUserTestPackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(secondUser, TEST_PACKAGE_UID);
@@ -11974,7 +12127,7 @@
 
         // Send a broadcast indicating a user was added.
         when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle));
+                asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE, secondUserHandle));
         final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_ADDED);
         addedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(secondUser));
         processBroadcast(addedIntent);
@@ -11987,7 +12140,7 @@
 
         // Send a broadcast indicating a user was removed.
         when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
+                asList(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE));
         final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
         removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, UserHandle.of(secondUser));
         processBroadcast(removedIntent);
@@ -12732,8 +12885,9 @@
         // rules to the correct network – in this case the system default network. The case where
         // the default network for the profile happens to be the same as the system default
         // is not handled specially, the rules are always active as long as a preference is set.
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         // The enterprise network is not ready yet.
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
@@ -12747,10 +12901,12 @@
         mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(
                 nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRanges(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         // Make sure changes to the work agent send callbacks to the app in the work profile, but
         // not to the other apps.
@@ -12798,8 +12954,9 @@
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, workAgent);
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(workAgent.getNetwork().netId);
 
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
@@ -12822,8 +12979,9 @@
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 workAgent2.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(workAgent2.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent2.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         workAgent2.setNetworkValid(true /* isStrictMode */);
         workAgent2.mNetworkMonitor.forceReevaluation(Process.myUid());
@@ -12831,7 +12989,7 @@
                 nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
                         && !nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
 
         // When the agent disconnects, test that the app on the work profile falls back to the
         // default network.
@@ -12868,8 +13026,9 @@
         listener.expectOnComplete();
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
 
@@ -12883,8 +13042,9 @@
 
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         workAgent.disconnect();
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
@@ -12928,8 +13088,9 @@
         mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle2, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
                 r -> r.run(), listener);
         listener.expectOnComplete();
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle2));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle2),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
@@ -12938,8 +13099,9 @@
         mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle4, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
                 r -> r.run(), listener);
         listener.expectOnComplete();
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle4));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle4),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         app4Cb.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
@@ -12948,8 +13110,9 @@
         mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle2, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
                 r -> r.run(), listener);
         listener.expectOnComplete();
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRanges(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle2));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle2),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
@@ -12976,47 +13139,17 @@
         listener.expectOnComplete();
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRanges(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
 
         final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
         removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER, testHandle);
         processBroadcast(removedIntent);
 
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRanges(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId,
-                uidRangeFor(testHandle));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Make sure that OEM preference and per-profile preference can't be used at the same
-     * time and throw ISE if tried
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testOemPreferenceAndProfilePreferenceExclusive() throws Exception {
-        final UserHandle testHandle = UserHandle.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID);
-        mServiceContext.setWorkProfile(testHandle, true);
-        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
-
-        setupMultipleDefaultNetworksForOemNetworkPreferenceNotCurrentUidTest(
-                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID_ONLY);
-        assertThrows("Should not be able to set per-profile pref while OEM prefs present",
-                IllegalStateException.class, () ->
-                        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
-                                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
-                                r -> r.run(), listener));
-
-        // Empty the OEM prefs
-        final TestOemListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
-        final OemNetworkPreferences emptyOemPref = new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder().build();
-        mService.setOemNetworkPreference(emptyOemPref, oemPrefListener);
-        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
-
-        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
-                r -> r.run(), listener);
-        listener.expectOnComplete();
-        assertThrows("Should not be able to set OEM prefs while per-profile pref is on",
-                IllegalStateException.class , () ->
-                        mService.setOemNetworkPreference(emptyOemPref, oemPrefListener));
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -13187,8 +13320,7 @@
         assertEquals(1, nris.size());
         assertTrue(nri.isMultilayerRequest());
         assertEquals(nri.getUids(), uidRangesForUids(uids));
-        assertEquals(DEFAULT_NETWORK_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED,
-                nri.getDefaultNetworkPriority());
+        assertEquals(PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED, nri.mPreferencePriority);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -13233,15 +13365,17 @@
 
         // Initial mobile data preferred uids status.
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
 
         // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting and verify that net id and uid ranges send to netd
         final Set<Integer> uids1 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
         final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config1 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges1,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids1);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(cellNetId, uidRanges1);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
 
         // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed and
         // new rules are added.
@@ -13249,17 +13383,17 @@
                 PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2),
                 SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
         final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges2,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids2);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(cellNetId, uidRanges1);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(cellNetId, uidRanges2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2);
 
         // Clear MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed and
         // new rules are not added.
-        final Set<Integer> uids3 = Set.of();
-        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges3 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids3));
-        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids3);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(cellNetId, uidRanges2);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -13290,16 +13424,18 @@
 
         // Initial mobile data preferred uids status.
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of());
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
 
         // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting and verify that wifi net id and uid ranges send to
         // netd.
         final Set<Integer> uids = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
         final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig wifiConfig = new NativeUidRangeConfig(wifiNetId, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(wifiNetId, uidRanges);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
 
         // Cellular network connected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
         // callback with cellular network and net id and uid ranges should be updated to netd.
@@ -13311,10 +13447,12 @@
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
 
         final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig cellConfig = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
         inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 cellNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(cellNetId, uidRanges);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(wifiNetId, uidRanges);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(cellConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
 
         // Cellular network disconnected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
         // callback with wifi network from fallback request.
@@ -13324,8 +13462,8 @@
         mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
         mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(wifiNetId, uidRanges);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
         inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
 
         // Cellular network comes back. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
@@ -13338,10 +13476,12 @@
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
 
         final int cellNetId2 = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig cellConfig2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId2, uidRanges,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
         inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 cellNetId2, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRanges(cellNetId2, uidRanges);
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRanges(wifiNetId, uidRanges);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(cellConfig2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(wifiConfig);
 
         // Wifi network disconnected. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should not receive
         // any callback.
@@ -13351,51 +13491,51 @@
         mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
         waitForIdle();
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
-        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRanges(anyInt(), any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
         inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(wifiNetId);
 
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(cellNetworkCallback);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testSetMobileDataPreferredUids_noIssueToFactory() throws Exception {
-        // First set mobile data preferred uid to create a multi-layer requests: 1. listen for
+    public void testMultilayerRequestsOfSetMobileDataPreferredUids() throws Exception {
+        // First set mobile data preferred uid to create a multi-layer requests: 1. request for
         // cellular, 2. track the default network for fallback.
         setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(
                 Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)));
 
         final HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("MockFactory");
         handlerThread.start();
-        NetworkCapabilities internetFilter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellFilter = new NetworkCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
-        final MockNetworkFactory internetFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
-                mServiceContext, "internetFactory", internetFilter, mCsHandlerThread);
-        internetFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
+        final MockNetworkFactory cellFactory = new MockNetworkFactory(handlerThread.getLooper(),
+                mServiceContext, "cellFactory", cellFilter, mCsHandlerThread);
+        cellFactory.setScoreFilter(40);
 
         try {
-            internetFactory.register();
-            // Default internet request only. The first request is listen for cellular network,
-            // which is never sent to factories (it's a LISTEN, not requestable). The second
-            // fallback request is TRACK_DEFAULT which is also not sent to factories.
-            internetFactory.expectRequestAdds(1);
-            internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+            cellFactory.register();
+            // Default internet request and the mobile data preferred request.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestAdds(2);
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(2);
 
-            mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
-            mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
 
-            // The internet factory however is outscored, and should lose its requests.
-            internetFactory.expectRequestRemove();
-            internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
+            // The cellFactory however is outscored, and should lose default internet request.
+            // But it should still see mobile data preferred request.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestRemove();
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
 
-            mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+            mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
             // The network satisfying the default internet request has disconnected, so the
-            // internetFactory sees the default request again.
-            internetFactory.expectRequestAdds(1);
-            internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(1);
+            // cellFactory sees the default internet requests again.
+            cellFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+            cellFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(2);
         } finally {
-            internetFactory.terminate();
+            cellFactory.terminate();
             handlerThread.quitSafely();
         }
     }
@@ -13418,4 +13558,181 @@
             waitForIdle();
         });
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllNetworkPreferencesCanCoexist()
+            throws Exception {
+        final InOrder inorder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+
+        setOemNetworkPreferenceAgentConnected(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, true);
+        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                cellNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+
+        // Set oem network preference
+        final int[] uids1 = new int[] { PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID) };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config1 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges1,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set user profile network preference
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config2 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(workAgent.getNetwork().netId,
+                uidRangeFor(testHandle), PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_PROFILE);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
+                workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2);
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting
+        final Set<Integer> uids2 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config3 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges2,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any());
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config3);
+
+        // Set oem network preference again with different uid.
+        final Set<Integer> uids3 = Set.of(PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID3));
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges3 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids3));
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config4 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges3,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_OEM);
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges3, "com.android.test");
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config4);
+
+        // Remove user profile network preference
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config2);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting again with same uid as oem network preference.
+        final NativeUidRangeConfig config6 = new NativeUidRangeConfig(cellNetId, uidRanges3,
+                PREFERENCE_PRIORITY_MOBILE_DATA_PREFERERRED);
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(uids3);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config3);
+        inorder.verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config6);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkCallbackAndActiveNetworkForUid_AllNetworkPreferencesEnabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        // File a request for cell to ensure it doesn't go down.
+        final TestNetworkCallback cellNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest cellRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR).build();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(cellRequest, cellNetworkCallback);
+        cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Register callbacks and have wifi network as default network.
+        registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set MOBILE_DATA_PREFERRED_UIDS setting with TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID and
+        // TEST_PACKAGE_UID. Both mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback and
+        // mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive callback with cell network.
+        setAndUpdateMobileDataPreferredUids(Set.of(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID, TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+        cellNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set user profile network preference with test profile. mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback
+        // should receive callback with higher priority network preference (enterprise network).
+        // The others should have no callbacks.
+        final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        workAgent.connect(true);
+        final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Set oem network preference with TEST_PACKAGE_UID. mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback
+        // should receive callback with higher priority network preference (current default network)
+        // and the others should have no callbacks.
+        @OemNetworkPreferences.OemNetworkPreference final int networkPref =
+                OEM_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_OEM_PAID;
+        final int[] uids1 = new int[] { TEST_PACKAGE_UID };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids1));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(networkPref, uidRanges1, TEST_PACKAGE_NAME);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+
+        // Set oem network preference with TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID. Both
+        // mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback and mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback should receive
+        // callback.
+        final int[] uids2 = new int[] { TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID };
+        final UidRangeParcel[] uidRanges2 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids2));
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(testHandle));
+        setupSetOemNetworkPreferenceForPreferenceTest(
+                networkPref, uidRanges2, "com.android.test", testHandle);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Remove oem network preference, mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback should receive callback
+        // with current highest priority network preference (enterprise network) and the others
+        // should have no callbacks.
+        final TestOemListenerCallback oemPrefListener = new TestOemListenerCallback();
+        mService.setOemNetworkPreference(
+                new OemNetworkPreferences.Builder().build(), oemPrefListener);
+        oemPrefListener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(workAgent);
+        assertEquals(workAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Remove user profile network preference.
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
+                r -> r.run(), listener);
+        listener.expectOnComplete();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_APP_UID));
+        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetworkForUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID));
+
+        // Disconnect wifi
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        assertNoCallbacks(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback, mTestPackageDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
index cf2c9c7..5bbbe40 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceParameterizedTest.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.test.mock.MockContext;
@@ -66,9 +67,11 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.server.IpSecService.TunnelInterfaceRecord;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
@@ -83,6 +86,9 @@
 @SmallTest
 @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
 public class IpSecServiceParameterizedTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule(
+            Build.VERSION_CODES.R /* ignoreClassUpTo */);
 
     private static final int TEST_SPI = 0xD1201D;
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java
index 22a2c94..6957d51 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest.java
@@ -30,14 +30,16 @@
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.IpSecService.IResource;
 import com.android.server.IpSecService.RefcountedResource;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -51,7 +53,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecService.RefcountedResource}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecServiceRefcountedResourceTest {
     Context mMockContext;
     IpSecService.IpSecServiceConfiguration mMockIpSecSrvConfig;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java
index 6232423..fabd6f1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/IpSecServiceTest.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
 import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
@@ -51,7 +52,9 @@
 import android.util.Range;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import dalvik.system.SocketTagger;
 
@@ -70,7 +73,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link IpSecService}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpSecServiceTest {
 
     private static final int DROID_SPI = 0xD1201D;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
index 5ec1119..64736f2 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
@@ -43,11 +43,13 @@
 import android.net.EthernetManager
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState.DISCONNECTED
+import android.os.Build
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.LegacyTypeTracker
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.Assert.assertFalse
 import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
 import org.junit.Assert.assertSame
@@ -64,8 +66,9 @@
 
 const val UNSUPPORTED_TYPE = TYPE_WIMAX
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class LegacyTypeTrackerTest {
     private val supportedTypes = arrayOf(TYPE_WIFI, TYPE_WIFI_P2P, TYPE_ETHERNET, TYPE_MOBILE,
             TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, TYPE_MOBILE_MMS, TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL, TYPE_MOBILE_DUN, TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt
index 6f5e740..811134e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetIdManagerTest.kt
@@ -16,17 +16,20 @@
 
 package com.android.server
 
+import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.server.NetIdManager.MIN_NET_ID
-import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils.ThrowingRunnable
+import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class NetIdManagerTest {
     @Test
     fun testReserveReleaseNetId() {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
index 13516d7..ea29da0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NetworkManagementServiceTest.java
@@ -38,17 +38,18 @@
 import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
 import android.os.BatteryStats;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
 import com.android.internal.app.IBatteryStats;
 import com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.Dependencies;
 import com.android.server.net.BaseNetworkObserver;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -64,8 +65,9 @@
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkManagementService}.
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkManagementServiceTest {
     private NetworkManagementService mNMService;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
index 1eac4ea..e80a938 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NsdServiceTest.java
@@ -31,17 +31,19 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
 import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnection;
 import com.android.server.NsdService.DaemonConnectionSupplier;
 import com.android.server.NsdService.NativeCallbackReceiver;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -56,8 +58,9 @@
 // TODOs:
 //  - test client can send requests and receive replies
 //  - test NSD_ON ENABLE/DISABLED listening
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NsdServiceTest {
 
     static final int PROTOCOL = NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
index 0ffeec9..9ef558f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -55,15 +55,17 @@
 import android.net.ResolverParamsParcel;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
 
@@ -83,8 +85,9 @@
  * Build, install and run with:
  *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.DnsManagerTest
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class DnsManagerTest {
     static final String TEST_IFACENAME = "test_wlan0";
     static final int TEST_NETID = 100;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index 45b575a..785153a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -19,27 +19,28 @@
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
+import android.os.Build
 import android.text.TextUtils
 import android.util.ArraySet
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
-import kotlin.collections.minOfOrNull
-import kotlin.collections.maxOfOrNull
 import kotlin.reflect.full.staticProperties
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class FullScoreTest {
     // Convenience methods
     fun FullScore.withPolicies(
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
index 70495cc..52b05aa 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java
@@ -42,11 +42,12 @@
 import android.net.metrics.RaEvent;
 import android.net.metrics.ValidationProbeEvent;
 import android.net.metrics.WakeupStats;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -55,8 +56,9 @@
 import java.util.List;
 
 // TODO: instead of comparing textpb to textpb, parse textpb and compare proto to proto.
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest {
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
index 8b072c4..063ccd3 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java
@@ -45,15 +45,16 @@
 import android.net.metrics.IpReachabilityEvent;
 import android.net.metrics.RaEvent;
 import android.net.metrics.ValidationProbeEvent;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.Base64;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
 import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -65,8 +66,9 @@
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class IpConnectivityMetricsTest {
     static final IpReachabilityEvent FAKE_EV =
             new IpReachabilityEvent(IpReachabilityEvent.NUD_FAILED);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 36e229d..58a7c89 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -43,14 +43,16 @@
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
 import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -59,8 +61,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class LingerMonitorTest {
     static final String CELLULAR = "CELLULAR";
     static final String WIFI     = "WIFI";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
index 4c80f6a..e2ad00d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.QUOTA_TYPE_MULTIPATH;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerService.OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN;
 
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertNotNull;
-
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -63,13 +63,14 @@
 import android.util.RecurrenceRule;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.R;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsManagerInternal;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -87,8 +88,9 @@
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class MultipathPolicyTrackerTest {
     private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(123);
     private static final int POLICY_SNOOZED = -100;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
index 9b2a638..f358726 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
@@ -40,13 +40,15 @@
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -56,8 +58,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class Nat464XlatTest {
 
     static final String BASE_IFACE = "test0";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
index 50aaaee..7d6c3ae 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
@@ -31,14 +31,15 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
 import android.util.Base64;
 
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
-
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityEvent;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.metrics.nano.IpConnectivityLogClass.IpConnectivityLog;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -52,8 +53,9 @@
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetdEventListenerServiceTest {
     private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV4 = "192.0.2.1";
     private static final String EXAMPLE_IPV6 = "2001:db8:1200::2:1";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
index 3adf08c..07deeef 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,17 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.*;
+import static android.app.Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
+import static android.app.Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
 
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.NETWORK_SWITCH;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.NO_INTERNET;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType.SIGN_IN;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
@@ -39,19 +48,19 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityResources;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkNotificationManager.NotificationType;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.AfterClass;
 import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
 import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -65,12 +74,15 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkNotificationManagerTest {
 
     private static final String TEST_SSID = "Test SSID";
     private static final String TEST_EXTRA_INFO = "extra";
+    private static final int TEST_NOTIF_ID = 101;
+    private static final String TEST_NOTIF_TAG = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
     static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     static final NetworkCapabilities VPN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
@@ -132,6 +144,7 @@
         }
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.network_switch_type_name))
             .thenReturn(transportNames);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications)).thenReturn(true);
 
         mManager = new NetworkNotificationManager(mCtx, mTelephonyManager);
     }
@@ -228,29 +241,65 @@
         verify(mNotificationManager, never()).notify(any(), anyInt(), any());
     }
 
+    private void assertNotification(NotificationType type, boolean ongoing, boolean autoCancel) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Notification> noteCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
+        mManager.showNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID, type, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(type.eventId),
+                noteCaptor.capture());
+
+        assertEquals("Notification ongoing flag should be " + (ongoing ? "set" : "unset"),
+                ongoing, (noteCaptor.getValue().flags & FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT) != 0);
+        assertEquals("Notification autocancel flag should be " + (autoCancel ? "set" : "unset"),
+                autoCancel, (noteCaptor.getValue().flags & FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL) != 0);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testDuplicatedNotificationsNoInternetThenSignIn() {
-        final int id = 101;
-        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
-
         // Show first NO_INTERNET
-        mManager.showNotification(id, NO_INTERNET, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId), any());
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
 
         // Captive portal detection triggers SIGN_IN a bit later, clearing the previous NO_INTERNET
-        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), any());
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
 
         // Network disconnects
-        mManager.clearNotification(id);
-        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOngoingSignInNotification() {
+        doReturn(true).when(mResources).getBoolean(R.bool.config_ongoingSignInNotification);
+
+        // Show first NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+
+        // Captive portal detection triggers SIGN_IN a bit later, clearing the previous NO_INTERNET
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, true /* ongoing */, true /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        // Network disconnects
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoAutoCancelNotification() {
+        doReturn(false).when(mResources).getBoolean(R.bool.config_autoCancelNetworkNotifications);
+
+        // Show NO_INTERNET, then SIGN_IN
+        assertNotification(NO_INTERNET, false /* ongoing */, false /* autoCancel */);
+        assertNotification(SIGN_IN, false /* ongoing */, false /* autoCancel */);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(NO_INTERNET.eventId));
+
+        mManager.clearNotification(TEST_NOTIF_ID);
+        verify(mNotificationManager, times(1)).cancel(eq(TEST_NOTIF_TAG), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDuplicatedNotificationsSignInThenNoInternet() {
-        final int id = 101;
-        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
+        final int id = TEST_NOTIF_ID;
+        final String tag = TEST_NOTIF_TAG;
 
         // Show first SIGN_IN
         mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mWifiNai, mCellNai, null, false);
@@ -269,8 +318,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testClearNotificationByType() {
-        final int id = 101;
-        final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
+        final int id = TEST_NOTIF_ID;
+        final String tag = TEST_NOTIF_TAG;
 
         // clearNotification(int id, NotificationType notifyType) will check if given type is equal
         // to previous type or not. If they are equal then clear the notification; if they are not
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt
index 409f8c3..d03c567 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOfferTest.kt
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
+import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
@@ -32,8 +34,9 @@
 
 const val POLICY_NONE = 0L
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class NetworkOfferTest {
     val mockCallback = mock(INetworkOfferCallback::class.java)
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index 6bf6cc5..8f46508 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -96,10 +98,12 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class PermissionMonitorTest {
     private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER1 = UserHandle.of(0);
     private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER2 = UserHandle.of(1);
@@ -208,16 +212,12 @@
         return packageInfo;
     }
 
-    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(boolean hasSystemPermission, int uid,
-            UserHandle user) {
+    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(String packageName, int uid,
+            String... permissions) {
         final PackageInfo pkgInfo;
-        if (hasSystemPermission) {
-            pkgInfo = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(
-                    CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
-        } else {
-            pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, new String[] {}, "");
-        }
-        pkgInfo.applicationInfo.uid = user.getUid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+        pkgInfo = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(permissions);
+        pkgInfo.packageName = packageName;
+        pkgInfo.applicationInfo.uid = uid;
         return pkgInfo;
     }
 
@@ -603,15 +603,12 @@
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(new PackageInfo[] {
-                        buildPackageInfo(true /* hasSystemPermission */, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, MOCK_UID2, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
-                }));
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1),
-                eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                        buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2),
+                        buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)));
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
         // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID2 are under VPN.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
@@ -655,13 +652,10 @@
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringPackageInstallAndUninstall() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(new PackageInfo[] {
-                        buildPackageInfo(true /* hasSystemPermission */, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
-                }));
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1),
-                eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                buildPackageInfo(false /* hasSystemPermission */, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                                NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                        buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)));
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
 
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1));
@@ -898,13 +892,26 @@
                 new int[]{ MOCK_UID2 });
     }
 
+    private BroadcastReceiver expectBroadcastReceiver(String... actions) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> receiverCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
+        verify(mContext, times(1)).registerReceiver(receiverCaptor.capture(),
+                argThat(filter -> {
+                    for (String action : actions) {
+                        if (!filter.hasAction(action)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }), any(), any());
+        return receiverCaptor.getValue();
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testIntentReceiver() throws Exception {
         final NetdServiceMonitor netdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> receiverCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
-        verify(mContext, times(1)).registerReceiver(receiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
-        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = receiverCaptor.getValue();
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
 
         // Verify receiving PACKAGE_ADDED intent.
         final Intent addedIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED,
@@ -1058,4 +1065,136 @@
         netdMonitor.expectNoPermission(
                 new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, new int[]{ MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2 });
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailable() throws Exception {
+        final NetdServiceMonitor netdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // and have different uids. There has no permission for both uids.
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(eq(true))).thenReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1));
+        when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2)));
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        netdMonitor.expectNoPermission(
+                new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(
+                INetd.PERMISSION_NONE, new int[]{MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2});
+
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST,
+                new String[] { MOCK_PACKAGE1 , MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, INTERNET);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID2});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[] { MOCK_UID1 });
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(
+                INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID2});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailable_AppsNotRegisteredOnStartMonitoring()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetdServiceMonitor netdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+        // One user MOCK_USER1
+        mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
+
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // and have different uids. There has no permission for both uids.
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, INTERNET);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST,
+                new String[] { MOCK_PACKAGE1 , MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID2});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[] { MOCK_UID1 });
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(
+                INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID2});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailableWithSharedUid()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetdServiceMonitor netdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2 are installed on external
+        // storage and shared on MOCK_UID1. There has no permission for MOCK_UID1.
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(eq(true))).thenReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1));
+        when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1)));
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        netdMonitor.expectNoPermission(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_NONE, new int[] {MOCK_UID1});
+
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST, new String[] {MOCK_PACKAGE1});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(
+                INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[] {MOCK_UID1});
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnExternalApplicationsAvailableWithSharedUid_DifferentStorage()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetdServiceMonitor netdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
+        final BroadcastReceiver receiver = expectBroadcastReceiver(
+                Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+        // Initial the permission state. MOCK_PACKAGE1 is installed on external storage and
+        // MOCK_PACKAGE2 is installed on device. These two packages are shared on MOCK_UID1.
+        // MOCK_UID1 has NETWORK and INTERNET permissions.
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(eq(true))).thenReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1));
+        when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                                INTERNET)));
+        mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[] {MOCK_UID1});
+
+        // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
+        final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
+        externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST, new String[] {MOCK_PACKAGE1});
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1,
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                INTERNET);
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_PACKAGE2});
+        receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
+        netdMonitor.expectPermission(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
+        netdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(
+                INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                new int[] {MOCK_UID1});
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 6ff47ae..b706090 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -97,13 +97,14 @@
 import android.util.Range;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.R;
 import com.android.internal.net.LegacyVpnInfo;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
 import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
 import com.android.server.IpSecService;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -138,8 +139,9 @@
  * Build, install and run with:
  *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.VpnTest
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class VpnTest {
     private static final String TAG = "VpnTest";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
index 8b730af..03d9404 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@
 import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManagerInternal;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -39,8 +41,9 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsAccessTest {
     private static final String TEST_PKG = "com.example.test";
     private static final int TEST_UID = 12345;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
index 505ff9b..e771558 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
@@ -51,9 +52,10 @@
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 import libcore.io.Streams;
@@ -79,8 +81,9 @@
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsCollectionTest {
 
     private static final String TEST_FILE = "test.bin";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
index 40d4446..8d7aa4e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
@@ -37,12 +37,14 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.frameworks.tests.net.R;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 import libcore.io.Streams;
@@ -60,8 +62,9 @@
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 
 /** Tests for {@link NetworkStatsFactory}. */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsFactoryTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
     private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
index 9fa1c50..e35104e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkIdentity;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -51,9 +52,10 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsServiceTest.LatchedHandler;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -68,8 +70,9 @@
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsObservers}.
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsObserversTest {
     private static final String TEST_IFACE = "test0";
     private static final String TEST_IFACE2 = "test1";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index ee94ae9..ab76460 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -114,12 +115,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings.Config;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
 
@@ -146,8 +148,9 @@
  * TODO: This test used to be really brittle because it used Easymock - it uses Mockito now, but
  * still uses the Easymock structure, which could be simplified.
  */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
index 6d2c7dc..2bc385c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 import android.telephony.NetworkRegistrationInfo;
 import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
@@ -43,11 +44,12 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.RatTypeListener;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
@@ -57,7 +59,8 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public final class NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest {
     private static final int TEST_SUBID1 = 3;
     private static final int TEST_SUBID2 = 5;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
index ebbc0ef..5f3efed 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@
 
 import android.net.ipmemorystore.NetworkAttributes;
 import android.net.networkstack.aidl.quirks.IPv6ProvisioningLossQuirk;
+import android.os.Build;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -34,7 +37,8 @@
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link NetworkAttributes}. */
 @SmallTest
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class NetworkAttributesTest {
     private static final String WEIGHT_FIELD_NAME_PREFIX = "WEIGHT_";
     private static final float EPSILON = 0.0001f;