diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 302c0b3..b1e6a9f 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
     }
   ],
   "postsubmit": [
@@ -55,6 +58,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
@@ -88,6 +94,38 @@
       "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
       "keywords": ["sim"]
     },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with APK modules only, in cases where APEX is not supported, or the other modules were simply not updated
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with connectivity/tethering module only, to catch integration issues with older versions of other modules.
+    // "new tethering + old NetworkStack" is not a configuration that should really exist in the field, but
+    // there is no strong guarantee, and it is required by MTS testing for module qualification, where modules
+    // are tested independently.
+    {
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
     {
       "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     },
@@ -96,6 +134,23 @@
       "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
+  "auto-postsubmit": [
+    // Test tag for automotive targets. These are only running in postsubmit so as to harden the
+    // automotive targets to avoid introducing additional test flake and build time. The plan for
+    // presubmit testing for auto is to augment the existing tests to cover auto use cases as well.
+    // Additionally, this tag is used in targeted test suites to limit resource usage on the test
+    // infra during the hardening phase.
+    // TODO: this tag to be removed once the above is no longer an issue.
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
+    }
+  ],
   "imports": [
     {
       "path": "frameworks/base/core/java/android/net"
@@ -108,12 +163,6 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin"
-    },
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity"
-    },
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 26040a2..22d2c5d 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -27,14 +27,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
 
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
-
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
  */
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
         /* no op */
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index e3b1539..5afb862 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
         if (!isInitialized()) return;
 
         try {
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
index d663968..915e210 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
 
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
-
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
  */
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     public abstract void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action);
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action);
 
     /**
      * Whether there is currently any IPv4 rule on the specified upstream.
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index d2188d1..6eaf68b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "testables",
     ],
     libs: [
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 8bf1a2b..705d187 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
@@ -53,11 +54,15 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Base64;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -67,17 +72,24 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -88,9 +100,12 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@@ -101,10 +116,17 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @MediumTest
 public class EthernetTetheringTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
     private static final String TAG = EthernetTetheringTest.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
     private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY = 100;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+    // Kernel treats a confirmed UDP connection which active after two seconds as stream mode.
+    // See upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5.
+    private static final int UDP_STREAM_TS_MS = 2000;
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP6_ADDR = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::101/64");
     private static final InetAddress TEST_IP4_DNS = parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
@@ -112,6 +134,10 @@
     private static final ByteBuffer TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0xaa });
 
+    private static final String DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG = "bpfRawMap";
+    private static final String BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
+    private static final String LINE_DELIMITER = "\\n";
+
     private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
     private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
     private final TetheringManager mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
@@ -136,10 +162,11 @@
         // Needed to create a TestNetworkInterface, to call requestTetheredInterface, and to receive
         // tethered client callbacks. The restricted networks permission is needed to ensure that
         // EthernetManager#isAvailable will correctly return true on devices where Ethernet is
-        // marked restricted, like cuttlefish.
+        // marked restricted, like cuttlefish. The dump permission is needed to verify bpf related
+        // functions via dumpsys output.
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
                 MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, DUMP);
         mRunTests = mTm.isTetheringSupported() && mEm != null;
         assumeTrue(mRunTests);
 
@@ -747,12 +774,15 @@
     private static final byte TYPE_OF_SERVICE = 0;
     private static final short ID = 27149;
     private static final short ID2 = 27150;
+    private static final short ID3 = 27151;
     private static final short FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
     private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = (byte) 0x40;
     private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34 });
     private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD2 =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x78 });
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD3 =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x9a, (byte) 0xbc });
 
     private boolean isExpectedUdpPacket(@NonNull final byte[] rawPacket, boolean hasEther,
             @NonNull final ByteBuffer payload) {
@@ -830,7 +860,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote) throws Exception {
+    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote, boolean usingBpf)
+            throws Exception {
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(MacAddress.fromString(
                 "1:2:3:4:5:6"));
 
@@ -861,10 +892,51 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Packet in downstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
             return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, true/* hasEther */, PAYLOAD2);
         });
+
+        if (usingBpf) {
+            // Send second UDP packet in original direction.
+            // The BPF coordinator only offloads the ASSURED conntrack entry. The "request + reply"
+            // packets can make status IPS_SEEN_REPLY to be set. Need one more packet to make
+            // conntrack status IPS_ASSURED_BIT to be set. Note the third packet needs to delay
+            // 2 seconds because kernel monitors a UDP connection which still alive after 2 seconds
+            // and apply ASSURED flag.
+            // See kernel upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5 and
+            // nf_conntrack_udp_packet in net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_udp.c
+            Thread.sleep(UDP_STREAM_TS_MS);
+            final ByteBuffer originalPacket2 = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                    tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                    REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */,
+                    REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */, PAYLOAD3 /* payload */);
+            tester.verifyUpload(remote, originalPacket2, p -> {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+                return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, PAYLOAD3);
+            });
+
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump();
+            assertNotNull(upstreamMap);
+            assertEquals(1, upstreamMap.size());
+
+            final Map.Entry<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule =
+                    upstreamMap.entrySet().iterator().next();
+
+            final Tether4Key key = rule.getKey();
+            assertEquals(IPPROTO_UDP, key.l4proto);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(tethered.ipv4Addr.getAddress(), key.src4));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, key.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(), key.dst4));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, key.dstPort);
+
+            final Tether4Value value = rule.getValue();
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(publicIp4Addr.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.src46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, value.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.dst46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, value.dstPort);
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testUdpV4() throws Exception {
+    void initializeTethering() throws Exception {
         assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
 
         // MyTetheringEventCallback currently only support await first available upstream. Tethering
@@ -885,8 +957,75 @@
 
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
         mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
+    }
 
-        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader));
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithoutBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                false /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                true /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> parseTether4KeyValue(@NonNull String dumpStr) {
+        Log.w(TAG, "Parsing string: " + dumpStr);
+
+        String[] keyValueStrs = dumpStr.split(BASE64_DELIMITER);
+        if (keyValueStrs.length != 2 /* key + value */) {
+            fail("The length is " + keyValueStrs.length + " but expect 2. "
+                    + "Split string(s): " + TextUtils.join(",", keyValueStrs));
+        }
+
+        final byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[0], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "keyBytes: " + dumpHexString(keyBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer keyByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(keyBytes);
+        keyByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Key tether4Key = Struct.parse(Tether4Key.class, keyByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Key: " + tether4Key);
+
+        final byte[] valueBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[1], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "valueBytes: " + dumpHexString(valueBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer valueByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(valueBytes);
+        valueByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Value tether4Value = Struct.parse(Tether4Value.class, valueByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Value: " + tether4Value);
+
+        return new Pair<>(tether4Key, tether4Value);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> dumpIpv4UpstreamMap() throws Exception {
+        final String rawMapStr = DumpTestUtils.dumpService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE,
+                DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG);
+        final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (final String line : rawMapStr.split(LINE_DELIMITER)) {
+            final Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule = parseTether4KeyValue(line.trim());
+            map.put(rule.first, rule.second);
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump() throws Exception {
+        for (int retryCount = 0; retryCount < DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY; retryCount++) {
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = dumpIpv4UpstreamMap();
+            if (!map.isEmpty()) return map;
+
+            Thread.sleep(DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+
+        fail("Cannot get rules after " + DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY * DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS + "ms");
+        return null;
     }
 
     private <T> List<T> toList(T... array) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
index 5877f1f..f47cc5c 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -116,4 +116,13 @@
         return mPacket.clone();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "KeepalivePacketData[srcAddress=" + mSrcAddress
+                + ", dstAddress=" + mDstAddress
+                + ", srcPort=" + mSrcPort
+                + ", dstPort=" + mDstPort
+                + ", packet.length=" + mPacket.length
+                + ']';
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
index c29eb2b..85cfc09 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
@@ -116,27 +116,11 @@
     return (jint)res;
 }
 
-static FirewallType getFirewallType(ChildChain chain) {
-    switch (chain) {
-        case DOZABLE:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case STANDBY:
-            return DENYLIST;
-        case POWERSAVE:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case RESTRICTED:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case NONE:
-        default:
-            return DENYLIST;
-    }
-}
-
 static jint native_setUidRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jint uid,
                           jint firewallRule) {
     auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
     auto rule = static_cast<FirewallRule>(firewallRule);
-    FirewallType fType = getFirewallType(chain);
+    FirewallType fType = mTc.getFirewallType(chain);
 
     int res = mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, rule, fType);
     if (res) {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 6024a2a..df3ecbe 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -645,8 +645,9 @@
      * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that the probe status has changed.
      * Both of the arguments are bitmasks, and the value of bits come from
      * INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_*.
-     * arg1 = A bitmask to describe which probes are completed.
-     * arg2 = A bitmask to describe which probes are successful.
+     * arg1 = unused
+     * arg2 = netId
+     * obj = A Pair of integers: the bitmasks of, respectively, completed and successful probes.
      */
     public static final int EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED = 45;
 
@@ -1409,6 +1410,8 @@
                 // converting rateInBytesPerSecond from long to int is safe here because the
                 // setting's range is limited to INT_MAX.
                 // TODO: add long/uint64 support to tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice.
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "enableIngressRateLimit on " + iface + ": " + rateInBytesPerSecond + "B/s");
                 TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice(params.index, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
                         (int) rateInBytesPerSecond, TC_POLICE_BPF_PROG_PATH);
             } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -1430,6 +1433,8 @@
                 return;
             }
             try {
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "disableIngressRateLimit on " + iface);
                 TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, true, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL);
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 loge("TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(ifaceIndex=" + params.index
@@ -1752,7 +1757,7 @@
 
         // Watch for ingress rate limit changes.
         mSettingsObserver.observe(
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(
                         ConnectivitySettingsManager.INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND),
                 EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED);
     }
@@ -3602,19 +3607,21 @@
         }
 
         private boolean maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage(Message msg) {
+            final int netId = msg.arg2;
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
             switch (msg.what) {
                 default:
                     return false;
                 case EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED: {
-                    final Integer netId = (Integer) msg.obj;
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
                     if (nai == null) {
                         break;
                     }
+                    final int probesCompleted = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).first;
+                    final int probesSucceeded = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).second;
                     final boolean probePrivateDnsCompleted =
-                            ((msg.arg1 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) != 0);
+                            ((probesCompleted & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) != 0);
                     final boolean privateDnsBroken =
-                            ((msg.arg2 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) == 0);
+                            ((probesSucceeded & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) == 0);
                     if (probePrivateDnsCompleted) {
                         if (nai.networkCapabilities.isPrivateDnsBroken() != privateDnsBroken) {
                             nai.networkCapabilities.setPrivateDnsBroken(privateDnsBroken);
@@ -3641,7 +3648,6 @@
                 case EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED: {
                     final NetworkTestedResults results = (NetworkTestedResults) msg.obj;
 
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(results.mNetId);
                     if (nai == null) break;
 
                     handleNetworkTested(nai, results.mTestResult,
@@ -3649,9 +3655,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION: {
-                    final int netId = msg.arg2;
                     final boolean visible = toBool(msg.arg1);
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
                     // If captive portal status has changed, update capabilities or disconnect.
                     if (nai != null && (visible != nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected)) {
                         nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected = visible;
@@ -3685,14 +3689,12 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED: {
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
 
                     updatePrivateDns(nai, (PrivateDnsConfig) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED: {
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
                     handleCapportApiDataUpdate(nai, (CaptivePortalData) msg.obj);
                     break;
@@ -3832,6 +3834,7 @@
             // the same looper so messages will be processed in sequence.
             final Message msg = mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
                     EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED,
+                    0, mNetId,
                     new NetworkTestedResults(
                             mNetId, p.result, p.timestampMillis, p.redirectUrl));
             mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(msg);
@@ -3869,7 +3872,7 @@
         public void notifyProbeStatusChanged(int probesCompleted, int probesSucceeded) {
             mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
                     EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED,
-                    probesCompleted, probesSucceeded, new Integer(mNetId)));
+                    0, mNetId, new Pair<>(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded)));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -10684,8 +10687,11 @@
     }
 
     private boolean canNetworkBeRateLimited(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
-        if (!networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
-            // rate limits only apply to networks that provide internet connectivity.
+        final NetworkCapabilities agentCaps = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
+        // Only test networks (they cannot hold NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) and networks that provide
+        // internet connectivity can be rate limited.
+        if (!agentCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) && !agentCaps.hasTransport(
+                TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
             return false;
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/TEST_MAPPING b/tests/TEST_MAPPING
deleted file mode 100644
index 502f885..0000000
--- a/tests/TEST_MAPPING
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "presubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
-    }
-  ],
-  "postsubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
-    }
-  ],
-  "auto-postsubmit": [
-    // Test tag for automotive targets. These are only running in postsubmit so as to harden the
-    // automotive targets to avoid introducing additional test flake and build time. The plan for
-    // presubmit testing for auto is to augment the existing tests to cover auto use cases as well.
-    // Additionally, this tag is used in targeted test suites to limit resource usage on the test
-    // infra during the hardening phase.
-    // TODO: this tag to be removed once the above is no longer an issue.
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
-    }
-  ],
-  "imports": [
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity"
-    }
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
index 8d8958d..d14d127 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsModeAsString
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@
                 testIntValues = intArrayOf(0))
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // get/setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond was added via module update
     @Test
     fun testInternetNetworkRateLimitInBytesPerSecond() {
         val defaultRate = getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context)
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
index d761c27..d605799 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
 
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
     <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
index 886b078..ea98289 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.BeforeClass
 import org.junit.Rule
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.nio.ByteOrder
 import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.regex.Pattern
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -125,8 +127,25 @@
     private lateinit var tunNetworkCallback: TestNetworkCallback
     private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
 
+    private fun getKernelVersion(): IntArray {
+        // Example:
+        // 4.9.29-g958411d --> 4.9
+        val release = Os.uname().release
+        val m = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)\\.(\\d+)").matcher(release)
+        assertTrue(m.find(), "No pattern in release string: " + release)
+        return intArrayOf(Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)), Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)))
+    }
+
+    private fun kernelIsAtLeast(major: Int, minor: Int): Boolean {
+        val version = getKernelVersion()
+        return (version.get(0) > major || (version.get(0) == major && version.get(1) >= minor))
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
+        // For BPF support kernel needs to be at least 5.4.
+        assumeTrue(kernelIsAtLeast(5, 4))
+
         runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
             val tnm = realContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bde8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2) // TODO: Use to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when available
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public class EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier ns = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(iface, ns.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithNullValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with null value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithEmptyValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with empty value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final String ifaceTwo = "testIfaceTwo";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceTwo);
+        assertNotEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
index d221694..1d19d26 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
@@ -106,6 +107,10 @@
         assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // The builder was added in an S+ module update.
+    // This whole class is not skipped (marked @ConnectivityModuleTest) in MTS for non-connectivity
+    // modules like NetworkStack, as NetworkStack uses IpConfiguration a lot on Q+, so tests that
+    // cover older APIs are still useful to provide used API coverage for NetworkStack.
     @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     @Test
     public void testBuilder() {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index 344482b..810d1c6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
@@ -153,6 +154,10 @@
 // NetworkAgent is not updatable in R-, so this test does not need to be compatible with older
 // versions. NetworkAgent was also based on AsyncChannel before S so cannot be tested the same way.
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+// NetworkAgent is updated as part of the connectivity module, and running NetworkAgent tests in MTS
+// for modules other than Connectivity does not provide much value. Only run them in connectivity
+// module MTS, so the tests only need to cover the case of an updated NetworkAgent.
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
 class NetworkAgentTest {
     private val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
     private val REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2")
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
index 9b2756c..e2d3346 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.Rule;
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@
         assertEquals(DNS1, s.getDnsServers().get(0));
     }
 
-    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     @Test
     public void testIllegalBuilders() {
         assertThrows("Can't set IP Address to IPv6!", IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 2c44010..74fee3d 100644
--- a/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
         "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-cc-defaults",
     ],
     require_root: true,
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_headers",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libmodules-utils-build",
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 142e013..2bba282 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <android/api-level.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+#include <bpf/BpfUtils.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BpfExistenceTest, TestPrograms) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
     // Pre-flight check to ensure test has been updated.
     uint64_t buildVersionSdk = android_get_device_api_level();
     ASSERT_NE(0, buildVersionSdk) << "Unable to determine device SDK version";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 76c0c38..34bcf3f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -198,7 +198,10 @@
     @Mock
     private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
     private @Mock IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
-    private @Mock NetworkStatsService.TagStatsDeleter mTagStatsDeleter;
+    private @Mock IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap;
+    private @Mock IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA;
+    private @Mock IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB;
+    private @Mock IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mAppUidStatsMap;
 
     private NetworkStatsService mService;
     private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
@@ -361,8 +364,23 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public NetworkStatsService.TagStatsDeleter getTagStatsDeleter() {
-                return mTagStatsDeleter;
+            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
+                return mCookieTagMap;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
+                return mStatsMapA;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
+                return mStatsMapB;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
+                return mAppUidStatsMap;
             }
         };
     }
@@ -702,10 +720,8 @@
         final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_BLUE);
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
-        verify(mTagStatsDeleter).deleteTagData(UID_BLUE);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_RED);
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
-        verify(mTagStatsDeleter).deleteTagData(UID_RED);
 
         // existing uid and total should remain unchanged; but removed UID
         // should be gone completely.