diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 302c0b3..a5b97a1 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
       ]
     },
     {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
+    },
+    {
       "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test"
     },
     {
@@ -32,16 +35,15 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
     }
   ],
   "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "TetheringPrivilegedTests"
     },
-    // TODO: move to presubmit when known green.
-    {
-      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
-    },
     {
       "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test",
       "keywords": ["netd-device-kernel-4.9", "netd-device-kernel-4.14"]
@@ -55,6 +57,9 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "libnetworkstats_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
@@ -70,6 +75,9 @@
       ]
     },
     {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    {
       "name": "netd_updatable_unit_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     },
     {
@@ -88,12 +96,57 @@
       "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
       "keywords": ["sim"]
     },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with APK modules only, in cases where APEX is not supported, or the other modules were simply not updated
     {
-      "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest"
+        }
+      ]
     },
     // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    // Test with connectivity/tethering module only, to catch integration issues with older versions of other modules.
+    // "new tethering + old NetworkStack" is not a configuration that should really exist in the field, but
+    // there is no strong guarantee, and it is required by MTS testing for module qualification, where modules
+    // are tested independently.
     {
-      "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+      "name": "CtsNetTestCasesLatestSdk[com.google.android.tethering.apex]",
+      "options": [
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit"
+        },
+        {
+          "exclude-annotation": "androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    }
+  ],
+  "auto-postsubmit": [
+    // Test tag for automotive targets. These are only running in postsubmit so as to harden the
+    // automotive targets to avoid introducing additional test flake and build time. The plan for
+    // presubmit testing for auto is to augment the existing tests to cover auto use cases as well.
+    // Additionally, this tag is used in targeted test suites to limit resource usage on the test
+    // infra during the hardening phase.
+    // TODO: this tag to be removed once the above is no longer an issue.
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
@@ -108,12 +161,6 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin"
-    },
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity"
-    },
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index 26040a2..22d2c5d 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/30/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api30/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -27,14 +27,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
 
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
-
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
  */
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
         /* no op */
     }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
index e3b1539..5afb862 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/31/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/api31/BpfCoordinatorShimImpl.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action) {
         if (!isInitialized()) return;
 
         try {
diff --git a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
index d663968..915e210 100644
--- a/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/apishim/common/com/android/networkstack/tethering/apishim/common/BpfCoordinatorShim.java
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap.ThrowingBiConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Dependencies;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6ForwardingRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetherStatsValue;
 
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
-
 /**
  * Bpf coordinator class for API shims.
  */
@@ -163,7 +162,7 @@
      */
     @Nullable
     public abstract void tetherOffloadRuleForEach(boolean downstream,
-            @NonNull BiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action);
+            @NonNull ThrowingBiConsumer<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> action);
 
     /**
      * Whether there is currently any IPv4 rule on the specified upstream.
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index d2188d1..6eaf68b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "testables",
     ],
     libs: [
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 8bf1a2b..de81a38 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
@@ -53,11 +54,15 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
 import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Base64;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -67,17 +72,24 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
+import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Value;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -88,9 +100,13 @@
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@@ -101,10 +117,17 @@
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @MediumTest
 public class EthernetTetheringTest {
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
     private static final String TAG = EthernetTetheringTest.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
     private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY = 100;
+    private static final int DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS = 50;
+    // Kernel treats a confirmed UDP connection which active after two seconds as stream mode.
+    // See upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5.
+    private static final int UDP_STREAM_TS_MS = 2000;
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP6_ADDR = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::101/64");
     private static final InetAddress TEST_IP4_DNS = parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
@@ -112,6 +135,10 @@
     private static final ByteBuffer TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0xaa });
 
+    private static final String DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG = "bpfRawMap";
+    private static final String BASE64_DELIMITER = ",";
+    private static final String LINE_DELIMITER = "\\n";
+
     private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
     private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
     private final TetheringManager mTm = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
@@ -136,10 +163,11 @@
         // Needed to create a TestNetworkInterface, to call requestTetheredInterface, and to receive
         // tethered client callbacks. The restricted networks permission is needed to ensure that
         // EthernetManager#isAvailable will correctly return true on devices where Ethernet is
-        // marked restricted, like cuttlefish.
+        // marked restricted, like cuttlefish. The dump permission is needed to verify bpf related
+        // functions via dumpsys output.
         mUiAutomation.adoptShellPermissionIdentity(
                 MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE,
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, DUMP);
         mRunTests = mTm.isTetheringSupported() && mEm != null;
         assumeTrue(mRunTests);
 
@@ -251,7 +279,7 @@
         final String localAddr = "192.0.2.3/28";
         final String clientAddr = "192.0.2.2/28";
         mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface,
-                requestWithStaticIpv4(localAddr, clientAddr));
+                requestWithStaticIpv4(localAddr, clientAddr), null /* any upstream */);
 
         mTetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceTethered();
         assertInterfaceHasIpAddress(iface, localAddr);
@@ -334,7 +362,8 @@
 
         final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build();
-        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, request);
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, request,
+                null /* any upstream */);
         mTetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceLocalOnly();
 
         // makePacketReader only works after tethering is started, because until then the interface
@@ -365,7 +394,7 @@
         final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
 
         // Enable Ethernet tethering and check that it starts.
-        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface);
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, null /* any upstream */);
 
         // There is nothing more we can do on a physical interface without connecting an actual
         // client, which is not possible in this test.
@@ -378,8 +407,11 @@
         private final CountDownLatch mLocalOnlyStartedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final CountDownLatch mLocalOnlyStoppedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final CountDownLatch mClientConnectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        private final CountDownLatch mUpstreamConnectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private final CountDownLatch mUpstreamLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
         private final TetheringInterface mIface;
+        private final Network mExpectedUpstream;
+
+        private boolean mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
 
         private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasTethered = false;
         private volatile boolean mInterfaceWasLocalOnly = false;
@@ -388,8 +420,14 @@
         private volatile Network mUpstream = null;
 
         MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface) {
+            this(tm, iface, null);
+            mAcceptAnyUpstream = true;
+        }
+
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(TetheringManager tm, String iface, Network expectedUpstream) {
             mTm = tm;
             mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+            mExpectedUpstream = expectedUpstream;
         }
 
         public void unregister() {
@@ -499,19 +537,30 @@
 
             Log.d(TAG, "Got upstream changed: " + network);
             mUpstream = network;
-            if (mUpstream != null) mUpstreamConnectedLatch.countDown();
+            if (mAcceptAnyUpstream || Objects.equals(mUpstream, mExpectedUpstream)) {
+                mUpstreamLatch.countDown();
+            }
         }
 
-        public Network awaitFirstUpstreamConnected() throws Exception {
-            assertTrue("Did not receive upstream connected callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
-                    mUpstreamConnectedLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+        public Network awaitUpstreamChanged() throws Exception {
+            if (!mUpstreamLatch.await(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+                fail("Did not receive upstream " + (mAcceptAnyUpstream ? "any" : mExpectedUpstream)
+                        + " callback after " + TIMEOUT_MS + "ms");
+            }
             return mUpstream;
         }
     }
 
     private MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
-            TetheringRequest request) throws Exception {
-        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface);
+            TetheringRequest request, Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
+        // Enable ethernet tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream
+        // after etherent tethering started.
+        final MyTetheringEventCallback callback;
+        if (expectedUpstream != null) {
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface, expectedUpstream);
+        } else {
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(mTm, iface);
+        }
         mTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(mHandler::post, callback);
 
         StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback() {
@@ -538,10 +587,11 @@
         return callback;
     }
 
-    private MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface) throws Exception {
+    private MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface, Network expectedUpstream)
+            throws Exception {
         return enableEthernetTethering(iface,
                 new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
-                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build());
+                .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build(), expectedUpstream);
     }
 
     private int getMTU(TestNetworkInterface iface) throws SocketException {
@@ -565,7 +615,8 @@
     private void checkVirtualEthernet(TestNetworkInterface iface, int mtu) throws Exception {
         FileDescriptor fd = iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, mtu);
-        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface.getInterfaceName());
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface.getInterfaceName(),
+                null /* any upstream */);
         checkTetheredClientCallbacks(mDownstreamReader);
     }
 
@@ -663,7 +714,8 @@
     private void assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(String iface, String local, String client)
             throws Exception {
         try {
-            enableEthernetTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client));
+            enableEthernetTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client),
+                    null /* any upstream */);
             fail("Unexpectedly accepted invalid IPv4 configuration: " + local + ", " + client);
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException expected) { }
     }
@@ -719,9 +771,10 @@
         assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                 mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
-        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName());
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
+                mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork());
         assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
-                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitFirstUpstreamConnected());
+                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged());
 
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
         // TODO: do basic forwarding test here.
@@ -747,12 +800,15 @@
     private static final byte TYPE_OF_SERVICE = 0;
     private static final short ID = 27149;
     private static final short ID2 = 27150;
+    private static final short ID3 = 27151;
     private static final short FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
     private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = (byte) 0x40;
     private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34 });
     private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD2 =
             ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x78 });
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD3 =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x9a, (byte) 0xbc });
 
     private boolean isExpectedUdpPacket(@NonNull final byte[] rawPacket, boolean hasEther,
             @NonNull final ByteBuffer payload) {
@@ -830,7 +886,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote) throws Exception {
+    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote, boolean usingBpf)
+            throws Exception {
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(MacAddress.fromString(
                 "1:2:3:4:5:6"));
 
@@ -861,10 +918,51 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Packet in downstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
             return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, true/* hasEther */, PAYLOAD2);
         });
+
+        if (usingBpf) {
+            // Send second UDP packet in original direction.
+            // The BPF coordinator only offloads the ASSURED conntrack entry. The "request + reply"
+            // packets can make status IPS_SEEN_REPLY to be set. Need one more packet to make
+            // conntrack status IPS_ASSURED_BIT to be set. Note the third packet needs to delay
+            // 2 seconds because kernel monitors a UDP connection which still alive after 2 seconds
+            // and apply ASSURED flag.
+            // See kernel upstream commit b7b1d02fc43925a4d569ec221715db2dfa1ce4f5 and
+            // nf_conntrack_udp_packet in net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_udp.c
+            Thread.sleep(UDP_STREAM_TS_MS);
+            final ByteBuffer originalPacket2 = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                    tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                    REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */,
+                    REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */, PAYLOAD3 /* payload */);
+            tester.verifyUpload(remote, originalPacket2, p -> {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+                return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, PAYLOAD3);
+            });
+
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> upstreamMap = pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump();
+            assertNotNull(upstreamMap);
+            assertEquals(1, upstreamMap.size());
+
+            final Map.Entry<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule =
+                    upstreamMap.entrySet().iterator().next();
+
+            final Tether4Key key = rule.getKey();
+            assertEquals(IPPROTO_UDP, key.l4proto);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(tethered.ipv4Addr.getAddress(), key.src4));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, key.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(), key.dst4));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, key.dstPort);
+
+            final Tether4Value value = rule.getValue();
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(publicIp4Addr.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.src46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(LOCAL_PORT, value.srcPort);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(REMOTE_IP4_ADDR.getAddress(),
+                    InetAddress.getByAddress(value.dst46).getAddress()));
+            assertEquals(REMOTE_PORT, value.dstPort);
+        }
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testUdpV4() throws Exception {
+    void initializeTethering() throws Exception {
         assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
 
         // MyTetheringEventCallback currently only support await first available upstream. Tethering
@@ -879,14 +977,82 @@
         assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                 mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
-        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName());
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
+                mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork());
         assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
-                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitFirstUpstreamConnected());
+                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitUpstreamChanged());
 
         mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
         mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
+    }
 
-        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader));
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithoutBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                false /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    public void testTetherUdpV4WithBpf() throws Exception {
+        initializeTethering();
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader),
+                true /* usingBpf */);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> parseTether4KeyValue(@NonNull String dumpStr) {
+        Log.w(TAG, "Parsing string: " + dumpStr);
+
+        String[] keyValueStrs = dumpStr.split(BASE64_DELIMITER);
+        if (keyValueStrs.length != 2 /* key + value */) {
+            fail("The length is " + keyValueStrs.length + " but expect 2. "
+                    + "Split string(s): " + TextUtils.join(",", keyValueStrs));
+        }
+
+        final byte[] keyBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[0], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "keyBytes: " + dumpHexString(keyBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer keyByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(keyBytes);
+        keyByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Key tether4Key = Struct.parse(Tether4Key.class, keyByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Key: " + tether4Key);
+
+        final byte[] valueBytes = Base64.decode(keyValueStrs[1], Base64.DEFAULT);
+        Log.d(TAG, "valueBytes: " + dumpHexString(valueBytes));
+        final ByteBuffer valueByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(valueBytes);
+        valueByteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
+        final Tether4Value tether4Value = Struct.parse(Tether4Value.class, valueByteBuffer);
+        Log.w(TAG, "tether4Value: " + tether4Value);
+
+        return new Pair<>(tether4Key, tether4Value);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> dumpIpv4UpstreamMap() throws Exception {
+        final String rawMapStr = DumpTestUtils.dumpService(Context.TETHERING_SERVICE,
+                DUMPSYS_TETHERING_RAWMAP_ARG);
+        final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (final String line : rawMapStr.split(LINE_DELIMITER)) {
+            final Pair<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> rule = parseTether4KeyValue(line.trim());
+            map.put(rule.first, rule.second);
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> pollIpv4UpstreamMapFromDump() throws Exception {
+        for (int retryCount = 0; retryCount < DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY; retryCount++) {
+            final HashMap<Tether4Key, Tether4Value> map = dumpIpv4UpstreamMap();
+            if (!map.isEmpty()) return map;
+
+            Thread.sleep(DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+
+        fail("Cannot get rules after " + DUMP_POLLING_MAX_RETRY * DUMP_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS + "ms");
+        return null;
     }
 
     private <T> List<T> toList(T... array) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2112396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/net/module/util/BpfBitmapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
+
+import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringUtils.getTetheringJniLibraryName;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfBitmap;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public final class BpfBitmapTest {
+    private static final String TEST_BITMAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_bitmap";
+
+    private static final int mTestData[] = {0,1,2,6,63,64,72};
+    private BpfBitmap mTestBitmap;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        mTestBitmap = new BpfBitmap(TEST_BITMAP_PATH);
+        mTestBitmap.clear();
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSet() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertTrue(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+            // Check that the next item in the bitmap is unset since test data is in
+            // ascending order.
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(i + 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetThenUnset() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertTrue(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+            // Since test unsets all test data during each iteration, ensure all other
+            // bit are unset.
+            for (int j = 0; j < 128; ++j) if (j != i) assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(j));
+            mTestBitmap.unset(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllThenUnsetAll() throws Exception {
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+        }
+
+        for (int i : mTestData) {
+            mTestBitmap.unset(i);
+            if (i < mTestData.length)
+                assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+            assertFalse(mTestBitmap.get(i));
+        }
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClear() throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 128; ++i) {
+            mTestBitmap.set(i);
+        }
+        assertFalse(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+        mTestBitmap.clear();
+        assertTrue(mTestBitmap.isEmpty());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index 8d05757..fe9a871 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -340,9 +340,11 @@
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG("schedact/ingress/account", AID_ROOT, AID_NET_ADMIN, tc_bpf_ingress_account_prog)
 (struct __sk_buff* skb) {
-    // Account for ingress traffic before tc drops it.
-    uint32_t key = skb->ifindex;
-    update_iface_stats_map(skb, BPF_INGRESS, &key);
+    if (is_received_skb(skb)) {
+        // Account for ingress traffic before tc drops it.
+        uint32_t key = skb->ifindex;
+        update_iface_stats_map(skb, BPF_INGRESS, &key);
+    }
     return TC_ACT_UNSPEC;
 }
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index a76e346..c9c73f1 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
 // Used only by TetheringPrivilegedTests, not by production code.
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 16,
                    AID_NETWORK_STACK)
+// Used only by BpfBitmapTest, not by production code.
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(bitmap, ARRAY, int, uint64_t, 2,
+                   AID_NETWORK_STACK)
 
 DEFINE_BPF_PROG_KVER("xdp/drop_ipv4_udp_ether", AID_ROOT, AID_NETWORK_STACK,
                       xdp_test, KVER(5, 9, 0))
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 5579db6..713d35a 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     method public static void setDnsResolverSampleValidityDuration(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
     method public static void setDnsResolverSuccessThresholdPercent(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0, to=100) int);
     method public static void setGlobalProxy(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull android.net.ProxyInfo);
-    method public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=0xffffffff, to=java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE) long);
+    method public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull android.content.Context, @IntRange(from=-1L, to=4294967295L) long);
     method public static void setMobileDataActivityTimeout(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.time.Duration);
     method public static void setMobileDataAlwaysOn(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
     method public static void setMobileDataPreferredUids(@NonNull android.content.Context, @NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
index 4e28b29..822e67d 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
@@ -1081,10 +1081,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the global network bandwidth rate limit.
+     * Get the network bandwidth ingress rate limit.
      *
-     * The limit is only applicable to networks that provide internet connectivity. If the setting
-     * is unset, it defaults to -1.
+     * The limit is only applicable to networks that provide internet connectivity. -1 codes for no
+     * bandwidth limitation.
      *
      * @param context The {@link Context} to query the setting.
      * @return The rate limit in number of bytes per second or -1 if disabled.
@@ -1095,15 +1095,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the global network bandwidth rate limit.
+     * Set the network bandwidth ingress rate limit.
      *
-     * The limit is only applicable to networks that provide internet connectivity.
+     * The limit is applied to all networks that provide internet connectivity. It is applied on a
+     * per-network basis, meaning that global ingress rate could exceed the limit when communicating
+     * on multiple networks simultaneously.
      *
      * @param context The {@link Context} to set the setting.
      * @param rateLimitInBytesPerSec The rate limit in number of bytes per second or -1 to disable.
      */
     public static void setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(@NonNull Context context,
-            @IntRange(from = -1, to = Integer.MAX_VALUE) long rateLimitInBytesPerSec) {
+            @IntRange(from = -1L, to = 0xFFFFFFFFL) long rateLimitInBytesPerSec) {
         if (rateLimitInBytesPerSec < -1) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                     "Rate limit must be within the range [-1, Integer.MAX_VALUE]");
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
index 5877f1f..f47cc5c 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/KeepalivePacketData.java
@@ -116,4 +116,13 @@
         return mPacket.clone();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "KeepalivePacketData[srcAddress=" + mSrcAddress
+                + ", dstAddress=" + mDstAddress
+                + ", srcPort=" + mSrcPort
+                + ", dstPort=" + mDstPort
+                + ", packet.length=" + mPacket.length
+                + ']';
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
index c29eb2b..f13c68d 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_BpfNetMaps.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedPrimitiveArray.h>
+#include <netjniutils/netjniutils.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
     }
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     int res = mTc.replaceUidOwnerMap(chainName, isAllowlist, data);
     if (res) {
@@ -116,27 +118,11 @@
     return (jint)res;
 }
 
-static FirewallType getFirewallType(ChildChain chain) {
-    switch (chain) {
-        case DOZABLE:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case STANDBY:
-            return DENYLIST;
-        case POWERSAVE:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case RESTRICTED:
-            return ALLOWLIST;
-        case NONE:
-        default:
-            return DENYLIST;
-    }
-}
-
 static jint native_setUidRule(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint childChain, jint uid,
                           jint firewallRule) {
     auto chain = static_cast<ChildChain>(childChain);
     auto rule = static_cast<FirewallRule>(firewallRule);
-    FirewallType fType = getFirewallType(chain);
+    FirewallType fType = mTc.getFirewallType(chain);
 
     int res = mTc.changeUidOwnerRule(chain, uid, rule, fType);
     if (res) {
@@ -160,6 +146,7 @@
     }
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     Status status = mTc.addUidInterfaceRules(ifIndex, data);
     if (!isOk(status)) {
@@ -175,6 +162,7 @@
     }
 
     size_t size = uids.size();
+    static_assert(sizeof(*(uids.get())) == sizeof(int32_t));
     std::vector<int32_t> data ((int32_t *)&uids[0], (int32_t*)&uids[size]);
     Status status = mTc.removeUidInterfaceRules(data);
     if (!isOk(status)) {
@@ -202,6 +190,15 @@
     mTc.setPermissionForUids(permission, data);
 }
 
+static void native_dump(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jobject javaFd, jboolean verbose) {
+    int fd = netjniutils::GetNativeFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "Invalid file descriptor");
+        return;
+    }
+    mTc.dump(fd, verbose);
+}
+
 /*
  * JNI registration.
  */
@@ -232,6 +229,8 @@
     (void*)native_swapActiveStatsMap},
     {"native_setPermissionForUids", "(I[I)V",
     (void*)native_setPermissionForUids},
+    {"native_dump", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;Z)V",
+    (void*)native_dump},
 };
 // clang-format on
 
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
index 1cbfd94..3e98edb 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
 using netdutils::Status;
 using netdutils::statusFromErrno;
 using netdutils::StatusOr;
-using netdutils::status::ok;
 
 constexpr int kSockDiagMsgType = SOCK_DIAG_BY_FAMILY;
 constexpr int kSockDiagDoneMsgType = NLMSG_DONE;
@@ -601,8 +600,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-void TrafficController::dump(DumpWriter& dw, bool verbose) {
+void TrafficController::dump(int fd, bool verbose) {
     std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
+    DumpWriter dw(fd);
+
     ScopedIndent indentTop(dw);
     dw.println("TrafficController");
 
diff --git a/service/native/include/TrafficController.h b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
index 6fe117f..79e75ac 100644
--- a/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
+++ b/service/native/include/TrafficController.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     netdutils::Status updateOwnerMapEntry(UidOwnerMatchType match, uid_t uid, FirewallRule rule,
                                           FirewallType type) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
-    void dump(netdutils::DumpWriter& dw, bool verbose) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+    void dump(int fd, bool verbose) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
     netdutils::Status replaceRulesInMap(UidOwnerMatchType match, const std::vector<int32_t>& uids)
             EXCLUDES(mMutex);
diff --git a/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp b/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp
index 6e230d0..00785ad 100644
--- a/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp
+++ b/service/native/libs/libclat/bpfhelper.cpp
@@ -28,16 +28,6 @@
 #define DEVICEPREFIX "v4-"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
-using android::net::RAWIP;
-using android::net::getClatEgress4MapFd;
-using android::net::getClatIngress6MapFd;
-using android::net::getClatEgress4ProgFd;
-using android::net::getClatIngress6ProgFd;
-using android::net::tcQdiscAddDevClsact;
-using android::net::tcFilterAddDevEgressClatIpv4;
-using android::net::tcFilterAddDevIngressClatIpv6;
-using android::net::tcFilterDelDevEgressClatIpv4;
-using android::net::tcFilterDelDevIngressClatIpv6;
 using android::bpf::BpfMap;
 
 BpfMap<ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value> mClatEgress4Map;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index ddee275..f2ca18b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EOPNOTSUPP;
+
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
@@ -24,6 +26,9 @@
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 /**
  * BpfNetMaps is responsible for providing traffic controller relevant functionality.
  *
@@ -273,6 +278,23 @@
         native_setPermissionForUids(permissions, uids);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Dump BPF maps
+     *
+     * @param fd file descriptor to output
+     * @throws IOException when file descriptor is invalid.
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException when the method is called on an unsupported device.
+     */
+    public void dump(final FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose)
+            throws IOException, ServiceSpecificException {
+        if (USE_NETD) {
+            throw new ServiceSpecificException(
+                    EOPNOTSUPP, "dumpsys connectivity trafficcontroller dump not available on pre-T"
+                    + " devices, use dumpsys netd trafficcontroller instead.");
+        }
+        native_dump(fd, verbose);
+    }
+
     private static native void native_init();
     private native int native_addNaughtyApp(int uid);
     private native int native_removeNaughtyApp(int uid);
@@ -285,4 +307,5 @@
     private native int native_removeUidInterfaceRules(int[] uids);
     private native int native_swapActiveStatsMap();
     private native void native_setPermissionForUids(int permissions, int[] uids);
+    private native void native_dump(FileDescriptor fd, boolean verbose);
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 6024a2a..c90fcd5 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@
     public static final String SHORT_ARG = "--short";
     private static final String NETWORK_ARG = "networks";
     private static final String REQUEST_ARG = "requests";
+    private static final String TRAFFICCONTROLLER_ARG = "trafficcontroller";
 
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean DDBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
@@ -645,8 +646,9 @@
      * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that the probe status has changed.
      * Both of the arguments are bitmasks, and the value of bits come from
      * INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_*.
-     * arg1 = A bitmask to describe which probes are completed.
-     * arg2 = A bitmask to describe which probes are successful.
+     * arg1 = unused
+     * arg2 = netId
+     * obj = A Pair of integers: the bitmasks of, respectively, completed and successful probes.
      */
     public static final int EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED = 45;
 
@@ -1409,6 +1411,8 @@
                 // converting rateInBytesPerSecond from long to int is safe here because the
                 // setting's range is limited to INT_MAX.
                 // TODO: add long/uint64 support to tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice.
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "enableIngressRateLimit on " + iface + ": " + rateInBytesPerSecond + "B/s");
                 TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevIngressPolice(params.index, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL,
                         (int) rateInBytesPerSecond, TC_POLICE_BPF_PROG_PATH);
             } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -1430,6 +1434,8 @@
                 return;
             }
             try {
+                Log.i(TAG,
+                        "disableIngressRateLimit on " + iface);
                 TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, true, TC_PRIO_POLICE, (short) ETH_P_ALL);
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 loge("TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(ifaceIndex=" + params.index
@@ -1752,7 +1758,7 @@
 
         // Watch for ingress rate limit changes.
         mSettingsObserver.observe(
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(
                         ConnectivitySettingsManager.INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_BYTES_PER_SECOND),
                 EVENT_INGRESS_RATE_LIMIT_CHANGED);
     }
@@ -3212,6 +3218,10 @@
         } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, REQUEST_ARG)) {
             dumpNetworkRequests(pw);
             return;
+        } else if (CollectionUtils.contains(args, TRAFFICCONTROLLER_ARG)) {
+            boolean verbose = !CollectionUtils.contains(args, SHORT_ARG);
+            dumpTrafficController(pw, fd, verbose);
+            return;
         }
 
         pw.print("NetworkProviders for:");
@@ -3429,6 +3439,17 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void dumpTrafficController(IndentingPrintWriter pw, final FileDescriptor fd,
+            boolean verbose) {
+        try {
+            mBpfNetMaps.dump(fd, verbose);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            pw.println(e.getMessage());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            loge("Dump BPF maps failed, " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
     private void dumpAllRequestInfoLogsToLogcat() {
         try (PrintWriter logPw = new PrintWriter(new Writer() {
             @Override
@@ -3602,19 +3623,21 @@
         }
 
         private boolean maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage(Message msg) {
+            final int netId = msg.arg2;
+            final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
             switch (msg.what) {
                 default:
                     return false;
                 case EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED: {
-                    final Integer netId = (Integer) msg.obj;
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
                     if (nai == null) {
                         break;
                     }
+                    final int probesCompleted = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).first;
+                    final int probesSucceeded = ((Pair<Integer, Integer>) msg.obj).second;
                     final boolean probePrivateDnsCompleted =
-                            ((msg.arg1 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) != 0);
+                            ((probesCompleted & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) != 0);
                     final boolean privateDnsBroken =
-                            ((msg.arg2 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) == 0);
+                            ((probesSucceeded & NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS) == 0);
                     if (probePrivateDnsCompleted) {
                         if (nai.networkCapabilities.isPrivateDnsBroken() != privateDnsBroken) {
                             nai.networkCapabilities.setPrivateDnsBroken(privateDnsBroken);
@@ -3641,7 +3664,6 @@
                 case EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED: {
                     final NetworkTestedResults results = (NetworkTestedResults) msg.obj;
 
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(results.mNetId);
                     if (nai == null) break;
 
                     handleNetworkTested(nai, results.mTestResult,
@@ -3649,9 +3671,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_PROVISIONING_NOTIFICATION: {
-                    final int netId = msg.arg2;
                     final boolean visible = toBool(msg.arg1);
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(netId);
                     // If captive portal status has changed, update capabilities or disconnect.
                     if (nai != null && (visible != nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected)) {
                         nai.lastCaptivePortalDetected = visible;
@@ -3685,14 +3705,12 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_PRIVATE_DNS_CONFIG_RESOLVED: {
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
 
                     updatePrivateDns(nai, (PrivateDnsConfig) msg.obj);
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_CAPPORT_DATA_CHANGED: {
-                    final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
                     handleCapportApiDataUpdate(nai, (CaptivePortalData) msg.obj);
                     break;
@@ -3832,6 +3850,7 @@
             // the same looper so messages will be processed in sequence.
             final Message msg = mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
                     EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED,
+                    0, mNetId,
                     new NetworkTestedResults(
                             mNetId, p.result, p.timestampMillis, p.redirectUrl));
             mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(msg);
@@ -3854,7 +3873,7 @@
             ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent =
                     new ConnectivityReportEvent(p.timestampMillis, nai, extras);
             final Message m = mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
-                    ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED, reportEvent);
+                    ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT, reportEvent);
             mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(m);
         }
 
@@ -3869,7 +3888,7 @@
         public void notifyProbeStatusChanged(int probesCompleted, int probesSucceeded) {
             mTrackerHandler.sendMessage(mTrackerHandler.obtainMessage(
                     EVENT_PROBE_STATUS_CHANGED,
-                    probesCompleted, probesSucceeded, new Integer(mNetId)));
+                    0, mNetId, new Pair<>(probesCompleted, probesSucceeded)));
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -9579,14 +9598,12 @@
 
         /**
          * Event for {@link NetworkStateTrackerHandler} to trigger ConnectivityReport callbacks
-         * after processing {@link #EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED} events.
+         * after processing {@link #CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT} events.
          * obj = {@link ConnectivityReportEvent} representing ConnectivityReport info reported from
          * NetworkMonitor.
          * data = PersistableBundle of extras passed from NetworkMonitor.
-         *
-         * <p>See {@link ConnectivityService#EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED}.
          */
-        private static final int EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED = ConnectivityService.EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED;
+        private static final int CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT = 3;
 
         /**
          * Event for NetworkMonitor to inform ConnectivityService that a potential data stall has
@@ -9624,7 +9641,7 @@
                             (IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback) msg.obj, msg.arg1);
                     break;
                 }
-                case EVENT_NETWORK_TESTED: {
+                case CMD_SEND_CONNECTIVITY_REPORT: {
                     final ConnectivityReportEvent reportEvent =
                             (ConnectivityReportEvent) msg.obj;
 
@@ -10684,15 +10701,19 @@
     }
 
     private boolean canNetworkBeRateLimited(@NonNull final NetworkAgentInfo networkAgent) {
-        if (!networkAgent.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
-            // rate limits only apply to networks that provide internet connectivity.
+        final NetworkCapabilities agentCaps = networkAgent.networkCapabilities;
+        // Only test networks (they cannot hold NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) and networks that provide
+        // internet connectivity can be rate limited.
+        if (!agentCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET) && !agentCaps.hasTransport(
+                TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         final String iface = networkAgent.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
         if (iface == null) {
-            // This can never happen.
-            logwtf("canNetworkBeRateLimited: LinkProperties#getInterfaceName returns null");
+            // This may happen in tests, but if there is no interface then there is nothing that
+            // can be rate limited.
+            loge("canNetworkBeRateLimited: LinkProperties#getInterfaceName returns null");
             return false;
         }
         return true;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index aebb80d..799f46b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE;
-import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_EXITING;
-import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
 
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -31,8 +29,10 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KeepConnectedReason;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -98,9 +98,17 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD = 57;
 
+    // The network agent has communicated that this network no longer functions, and the underlying
+    // native network has been destroyed. The network will still be reported to clients as connected
+    // until a timeout expires, the agent disconnects, or the network no longer satisfies requests.
+    // This network should lose to an identical network that has not been destroyed, but should
+    // otherwise be scored exactly the same.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_IS_DESTROYED = 56;
+
     // To help iterate when printing
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
+    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_DESTROYED;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 
@@ -112,21 +120,14 @@
     private static final long EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK =
             0x00000000FFFFFFFFL & ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
 
+    private static SparseArray<String> sMessageNames = MessageUtils.findMessageNames(
+            new Class[]{FullScore.class, NetworkScore.class}, new String[]{"POLICY_"});
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     static @NonNull String policyNameOf(final int policy) {
-        switch (policy) {
-            case POLICY_IS_VALIDATED: return "IS_VALIDATED";
-            case POLICY_IS_VPN: return "IS_VPN";
-            case POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED: return "EVER_USER_SELECTED";
-            case POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED: return "ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED";
-            case POLICY_IS_UNMETERED: return "IS_UNMETERED";
-            case POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI: return "YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI";
-            case POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY: return "TRANSPORT_PRIMARY";
-            case POLICY_EXITING: return "EXITING";
-            case POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE: return "INVINCIBLE";
-            case POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD: return "EVER_VALIDATED";
-        }
-        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy : " + policy);
+        final String name = sMessageNames.get(policy);
+        if (name == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy: " + policy);
+        return name.substring("POLICY_".length());
     }
 
     // Bitmask of all the policies applied to this score.
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
      * @param config the NetworkAgentConfig of the network
      * @param everValidated whether this network has ever validated
      * @param yieldToBadWiFi whether this network yields to a previously validated wifi gone bad
+     * @param destroyed whether this network has been destroyed pending a replacement connecting
      * @return a FullScore that is appropriate to use for ranking.
      */
     // TODO : this shouldn't manage bad wifi avoidance – instead this should be done by the
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
     // connectivity for backward compatibility.
     public static FullScore fromNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
-            final boolean everValidated, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
+            final boolean everValidated, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi, final boolean destroyed) {
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(),
                 score.getKeepConnectedReason(),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
@@ -166,6 +168,7 @@
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWiFi,
+                destroyed,
                 false /* invincible */); // only prospective scores can be invincible
     }
 
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@
      *
      * NetworkOffers have score filters that are compared to the scores of actual networks
      * to see if they could possibly beat the current satisfier. Some things the agent can't
-     * know in advance ; a good example is the validation bit – some networks will validate,
+     * know in advance; a good example is the validation bit – some networks will validate,
      * others won't. For comparison purposes, assume the best, so all possibly beneficial
      * networks will be brought up.
      *
@@ -197,12 +200,14 @@
         final boolean everUserSelected = false;
         // Don't assume the user will accept unvalidated connectivity.
         final boolean acceptUnvalidated = false;
+        // A network can only be destroyed once it has connected.
+        final boolean destroyed = false;
         // A prospective score is invincible if the legacy int in the filter is over the maximum
         // score.
         final boolean invincible = score.getLegacyInt() > NetworkRanker.LEGACY_INT_MAX;
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
                 mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everValidated, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated,
-                yieldToBadWiFi, invincible);
+                yieldToBadWiFi, destroyed, invincible);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -218,7 +223,8 @@
     public FullScore mixInScore(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
             @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
             final boolean everValidated,
-            final boolean yieldToBadWifi) {
+            final boolean yieldToBadWifi,
+            final boolean destroyed) {
         return withPolicies(mLegacyInt, mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason,
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
                 caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
@@ -227,6 +233,7 @@
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWifi,
+                destroyed,
                 false /* invincible */); // only prospective scores can be invincible
     }
 
@@ -243,6 +250,7 @@
             final boolean everUserSelected,
             final boolean acceptUnvalidated,
             final boolean yieldToBadWiFi,
+            final boolean destroyed,
             final boolean invincible) {
         return new FullScore(legacyInt, (externalPolicies & EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK)
                 | (isValidated       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED : 0)
@@ -252,6 +260,7 @@
                 | (everUserSelected  ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED : 0)
                 | (acceptUnvalidated ? 1L << POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED : 0)
                 | (yieldToBadWiFi    ? 1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI : 0)
+                | (destroyed         ? 1L << POLICY_IS_DESTROYED : 0)
                 | (invincible        ? 1L << POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE : 0),
                 keepConnectedReason);
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index e917b3f..e29d616 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -106,6 +106,12 @@
 //       or tunnel) but does not disconnect from the AP/cell tower, or
 //    d. a stand-alone device offering a WiFi AP without an uplink for configuration purposes.
 // 5. registered, created, connected, validated
+// 6. registered, created, connected, (validated or unvalidated), destroyed
+//    This is an optional state where the underlying native network is destroyed but the network is
+//    still connected for scoring purposes, so can satisfy requests, including the default request.
+//    It is used when the transport layer wants to replace a network with another network (e.g.,
+//    when Wi-Fi has roamed to a different BSSID that is part of a different L3 network) and does
+//    not want the device to switch to another network until the replacement connects and validates.
 //
 // The device's default network connection:
 // ----------------------------------------
@@ -184,6 +190,9 @@
     // shows up in API calls, is able to satisfy NetworkRequests and can become the default network.
     // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared.
     public boolean everConnected;
+    // Whether this network has been destroyed and is being kept temporarily until it is replaced.
+    public boolean destroyed;
+
     // Set to true if this Network successfully passed validation or if it did not satisfy the
     // default NetworkRequest in which case validation will not be attempted.
     // This is a sticky bit; once set it is never cleared even if future validation attempts fail.
@@ -746,7 +755,7 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
         mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidatedForYield(),
-                yieldToBadWiFi());
+                yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
         final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
         if (nm != null) {
             nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
@@ -874,7 +883,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Returns the number of requests currently satisfied by this network of type
-     * {@link android.net.NetworkRequest.Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST}.
+     * {@link android.net.NetworkRequest.Type#BACKGROUND_REQUEST}.
      */
     public int numBackgroundNetworkRequests() {
         return mNumBackgroundNetworkRequests;
@@ -961,7 +970,7 @@
      */
     public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
         mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -971,7 +980,7 @@
      */
     public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
         mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi(), destroyed);
     }
 
     private boolean everValidatedForYield() {
@@ -1019,7 +1028,7 @@
      * when a network is newly created.
      *
      * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
-     *                  network. Or {@link NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE} if this is the
+     *                  network. Or {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} if this is the
      *                  {@code InactivityTimer} for a newly created network.
      */
     // TODO: Consider creating a dedicated function for nascent network, e.g. start/stopNascent.
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
index 43da1d0..babc353 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_DESTROYED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN;
@@ -263,6 +264,15 @@
             }
         }
 
+        // If two networks are equivalent, and one has been destroyed pending replacement, keep the
+        // other one. This ensures that when the replacement connects, it's preferred.
+        partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_DESTROYED),
+                accepted, rejected);
+        if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
+        if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) {
+            candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
+        }
+
         // At this point there are still multiple networks passing all the tests above. If any
         // of them is the previous satisfier, keep it.
         if (candidates.contains(currentSatisfier)) return currentSatisfier;
diff --git a/tests/TEST_MAPPING b/tests/TEST_MAPPING
deleted file mode 100644
index 502f885..0000000
--- a/tests/TEST_MAPPING
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "presubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
-    }
-  ],
-  "postsubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
-    }
-  ],
-  "auto-postsubmit": [
-    // Test tag for automotive targets. These are only running in postsubmit so as to harden the
-    // automotive targets to avoid introducing additional test flake and build time. The plan for
-    // presubmit testing for auto is to augment the existing tests to cover auto use cases as well.
-    // Additionally, this tag is used in targeted test suites to limit resource usage on the test
-    // infra during the hardening phase.
-    // TODO: this tag to be removed once the above is no longer an issue.
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetTests"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetIntegrationTests"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "FrameworksNetDeflakeTest"
-    }
-  ],
-  "imports": [
-    {
-      "path": "packages/modules/Connectivity"
-    }
-  ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
index 8d8958d..d14d127 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManagerTest.kt
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivitySettingsUtils.getPrivateDnsModeAsString
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@
                 testIntValues = intArrayOf(0))
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // get/setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond was added via module update
     @Test
     fun testInternetNetworkRateLimitInBytesPerSecond() {
         val defaultRate = getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(context)
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index 5778b0d..7150918 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -334,9 +334,8 @@
             @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
             @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered)
             throws Exception {
-        startVpn(addresses, routes, new String[0] /* excludedRoutes */, allowedApplications,
-                disallowedApplications, proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered,
-                false /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
+        startVpn(addresses, routes, excludedRoutes, allowedApplications, disallowedApplications,
+                proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered, false /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
     }
 
     private void startVpn(
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
index d761c27..d605799 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="parameter" value="secondary_user" />
 
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
     <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index ea64252..5e8bffa 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@
     private void waitForAvailable(
             @NonNull final TestableNetworkCallback cb, @NonNull final Network expectedNetwork) {
         cb.expectAvailableCallbacks(expectedNetwork, false /* suspended */,
-                true /* validated */,
+                null /* validated */,
                 false /* blocked */, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
@@ -2908,9 +2908,8 @@
             // Default network should be updated to validated cellular network.
             defaultCb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
                     entry -> cellNetwork.equals(entry.getNetwork()));
-            // No callback except LinkPropertiesChanged which may be triggered randomly from network
-            wifiCb.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
-                    c -> !(c instanceof CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged));
+            // The network should not validate again.
+            wifiCb.assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, c -> isValidatedCaps(c));
         } finally {
             resetAvoidBadWifi(previousAvoidBadWifi);
             resetValidationConfig();
@@ -2919,6 +2918,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private boolean isValidatedCaps(CallbackEntry c) {
+        if (!(c instanceof CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged)) return false;
+        final CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged capsChanged = (CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) c;
+        return capsChanged.getCaps().hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+    }
+
     private void resetAvoidBadWifi(int settingValue) {
         setTestAllowBadWifiResource(0 /* timeMs */);
         ConnectivitySettingsManager.setNetworkAvoidBadWifi(mContext, settingValue);
@@ -3259,6 +3264,19 @@
         assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("Active default network"));
     }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+    public void testDumpBpfNetMaps() throws Exception {
+        final String[] args = new String[] {"--short", "trafficcontroller"};
+        String dumpOutput = DumpTestUtils.dumpServiceWithShellPermission(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, args);
+        assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("TrafficController"));
+        assertFalse(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("BPF map content"));
+
+        dumpOutput = DumpTestUtils.dumpServiceWithShellPermission(
+                Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, args[1]);
+        assertTrue(dumpOutput, dumpOutput.contains("BPF map content"));
+    }
+
     private void unregisterRegisteredCallbacks() {
         for (NetworkCallback callback: mRegisteredCallbacks) {
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
index 886b078..ea98289 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.AfterClass
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.BeforeClass
 import org.junit.Rule
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.nio.ByteOrder
 import java.util.UUID
+import java.util.regex.Pattern
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -125,8 +127,25 @@
     private lateinit var tunNetworkCallback: TestNetworkCallback
     private lateinit var reader: TapPacketReader
 
+    private fun getKernelVersion(): IntArray {
+        // Example:
+        // 4.9.29-g958411d --> 4.9
+        val release = Os.uname().release
+        val m = Pattern.compile("^(\\d+)\\.(\\d+)").matcher(release)
+        assertTrue(m.find(), "No pattern in release string: " + release)
+        return intArrayOf(Integer.parseInt(m.group(1)), Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)))
+    }
+
+    private fun kernelIsAtLeast(major: Int, minor: Int): Boolean {
+        val version = getKernelVersion()
+        return (version.get(0) > major || (version.get(0) == major && version.get(1) >= minor))
+    }
+
     @Before
     fun setUp() {
+        // For BPF support kernel needs to be at least 5.4.
+        assumeTrue(kernelIsAtLeast(5, 4))
+
         runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
             val tnm = realContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef8fd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+public class EthernetNetworkSpecifierTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier ns = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(iface, ns.getInterfaceName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithNullValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with null value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructorWithEmptyValue() {
+        assertThrows("Should not be able to call constructor with empty value.",
+                IllegalArgumentException.class,
+                () -> new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        assertEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotEquals() {
+        final String iface = "testIface";
+        final String ifaceTwo = "testIfaceTwo";
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsOne = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(iface);
+        final EthernetNetworkSpecifier nsTwo = new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(ifaceTwo);
+        assertNotEquals(nsOne, nsTwo);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
index d221694..1d19d26 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
@@ -106,6 +107,10 @@
         assertIpConfigurationEqual(ipConfig, new IpConfiguration(ipConfig));
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest // The builder was added in an S+ module update.
+    // This whole class is not skipped (marked @ConnectivityModuleTest) in MTS for non-connectivity
+    // modules like NetworkStack, as NetworkStack uses IpConfiguration a lot on Q+, so tests that
+    // cover older APIs are still useful to provide used API coverage for NetworkStack.
     @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     @Test
     public void testBuilder() {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index 344482b..225602f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
@@ -153,6 +154,10 @@
 // NetworkAgent is not updatable in R-, so this test does not need to be compatible with older
 // versions. NetworkAgent was also based on AsyncChannel before S so cannot be tested the same way.
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+// NetworkAgent is updated as part of the connectivity module, and running NetworkAgent tests in MTS
+// for modules other than Connectivity does not provide much value. Only run them in connectivity
+// module MTS, so the tests only need to cover the case of an updated NetworkAgent.
+@ConnectivityModuleTest
 class NetworkAgentTest {
     private val LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.1")
     private val REMOTE_IPV4_ADDRESS = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.2")
@@ -467,7 +472,7 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testRejectedUpdates() {
-        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
         // will be cleaned up in tearDown
         registerNetworkCallback(makeTestNetworkRequest(), callback)
         val agent = createNetworkAgent(initialNc = ncWithAccessUids(200))
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a3db26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/RateLimitTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.cts;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+
+import static androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry.getContext;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_MTU;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_ADDR_ANY;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.icu.text.MessageFormat;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
+import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
+import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps cannot access /dev/tun, so createTunInterface fails")
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
+public class RateLimitTest {
+    private static final String TAG = "RateLimitTest";
+    private static final LinkAddress LOCAL_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
+    private static final InetAddress REMOTE_IP4_ADDR = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    private static final short TEST_UDP_PORT = 1234;
+    private static final byte TOS = 0;
+    private static final short ID = 27149;
+    private static final short DONT_FRAG_FLAG_MASK = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
+    private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = 64;
+    private static final byte[] PAYLOAD = new byte[1472];
+
+    private Handler mHandler;
+    private Context mContext;
+    private TestNetworkManager mNetworkManager;
+    private TestNetworkInterface mTunInterface;
+    private ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private TestNetworkSpecifier mNetworkSpecifier;
+    private NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+    private TestableNetworkCallback mNetworkCallback;
+    private LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+    private TestableNetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
+    private Network mNetwork;
+    private DatagramSocket mSocket;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void assumeKernelSupport() {
+        final String result = SystemUtil.runShellCommandOrThrow("gzip -cd /proc/config.gz");
+        HashSet<String> kernelConfig = Arrays.stream(result.split("\\R")).collect(
+                Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+        // make sure that if for some reason /proc/config.gz returns an empty string, this test
+        // does not silently fail.
+        assertNotEquals(0, result.length());
+
+        assumeTrue(kernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_CLS_MATCHALL=y"));
+        assumeTrue(kernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_ACT_POLICE=y"));
+        assumeTrue(kernelConfig.contains("CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF=y"));
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws IOException {
+        mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> {
+            mContext = getContext();
+
+            mNetworkManager = mContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager.class);
+            mTunInterface = mNetworkManager.createTunInterface(Arrays.asList(LOCAL_IP4_ADDR));
+        });
+
+        mCm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        mNetworkSpecifier = new TestNetworkSpecifier(mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier).build();
+        mNetworkCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+
+        mCm.requestNetwork(
+                new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                        .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                        .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                        .setNetworkSpecifier(mNetworkSpecifier)
+                        .build(),
+                mNetworkCallback);
+
+        mLinkProperties = new LinkProperties();
+        mLinkProperties.addLinkAddress(LOCAL_IP4_ADDR);
+        mLinkProperties.setInterfaceName(mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        mLinkProperties.addRoute(
+                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(IPV4_ADDR_ANY, 0), null,
+                        mTunInterface.getInterfaceName()));
+
+
+        runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> {
+            mNetworkAgent = new TestableNetworkAgent(mContext, mHandler.getLooper(),
+                    mNetworkCapabilities, mLinkProperties,
+                    new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setExplicitlySelected(
+                            true).setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true).build());
+
+            mNetworkAgent.register();
+            mNetworkAgent.markConnected();
+        });
+
+        mNetwork = mNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
+        mNetworkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mNetwork, 5_000);
+        mSocket = new DatagramSocket(TEST_UDP_PORT);
+        mSocket.setSoTimeout(1_000);
+        mNetwork.bindSocket(mSocket);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws IOException {
+        // whatever happens, don't leave the device in rate limited state.
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+        mSocket.close();
+        mNetworkAgent.unregister();
+        mTunInterface.getFileDescriptor().close();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCallback);
+    }
+
+    private void assertGreaterThan(final String msg, long lhs, long rhs) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " -- Failed comparison: " + lhs + " > " + rhs, lhs > rhs);
+    }
+
+    private void assertLessThan(final String msg, long lhs, long rhs) {
+        assertTrue(msg + " -- Failed comparison: " + lhs + " < " + rhs, lhs < rhs);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendPacketsToTunInterfaceForDuration(final TestNetworkInterface iface,
+            final Duration duration) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(false, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                PAYLOAD.length);
+        final PacketBuilder builder = new PacketBuilder(buffer);
+        builder.writeIpv4Header(TOS, ID, DONT_FRAG_FLAG_MASK, TIME_TO_LIVE,
+                (byte) IPPROTO_UDP, (Inet4Address) REMOTE_IP4_ADDR,
+                (Inet4Address) LOCAL_IP4_ADDR.getAddress());
+        builder.writeUdpHeader((short) TEST_UDP_PORT, (short) TEST_UDP_PORT);
+        buffer.put(PAYLOAD);
+        builder.finalizePacket();
+
+        // write packets to the tun fd as fast as possible for duration.
+        long endMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + duration.toMillis();
+        while (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() < endMillis) {
+            Os.write(iface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor(), buffer.array(), 0,
+                    buffer.limit());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class RateMeasurementSocketReader extends Thread {
+        private volatile boolean mIsRunning = false;
+        private DatagramSocket mSocket;
+        private long mStartMillis = 0;
+        private long mStopMillis = 0;
+        private long mBytesReceived = 0;
+
+        RateMeasurementSocketReader(DatagramSocket socket) throws Exception {
+            mSocket = socket;
+        }
+
+        public void startTest() {
+            mIsRunning = true;
+            start();
+        }
+
+        public long stopAndGetResult() throws Exception {
+            mIsRunning = false;
+            join();
+
+            final long durationMillis = mStopMillis - mStartMillis;
+            return (long) ((double) mBytesReceived / (durationMillis / 1000.0));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            // Since the actual data is not used, the buffer can just be recycled.
+            final byte[] recvBuf = new byte[ETHER_MTU];
+            final DatagramPacket receivedPacket = new DatagramPacket(recvBuf, recvBuf.length);
+            while (mIsRunning) {
+                try {
+                    mSocket.receive(receivedPacket);
+
+                    // don't start the test until after the first packet is received and increment
+                    // mBytesReceived starting with the second packet.
+                    long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                    if (mStartMillis == 0) {
+                        mStartMillis = time;
+                    } else {
+                        mBytesReceived += receivedPacket.getLength();
+                    }
+                    // there may not be another packet, update the stop time on every iteration.
+                    mStopMillis = time;
+                } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
+                    // sender has stopped sending data, do nothing and return.
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "socket receive failed", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long runIngressDataRateMeasurement(final Duration testDuration) throws Exception {
+        final RateMeasurementSocketReader reader = new RateMeasurementSocketReader(mSocket);
+        reader.startTest();
+        sendPacketsToTunInterfaceForDuration(mTunInterface, testDuration);
+        return reader.stopAndGetResult();
+    }
+
+    void waitForTcPoliceFilterInstalled(Duration timeout) throws IOException {
+        final String command = MessageFormat.format("tc filter show ingress dev {0}",
+                mTunInterface.getInterfaceName());
+        // wait for tc police to show up
+        final long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        final long timeoutTime = startTime + timeout.toMillis();
+        while (!SystemUtil.runShellCommand(command).contains("police")) {
+            assertLessThan("timed out waiting for tc police filter",
+                    SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), timeoutTime);
+            SystemClock.sleep(10);
+        }
+        Log.v(TAG, "waited " + (SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTime)
+                + "ms for tc police filter to appear");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIngressRateLimit_testLimit() throws Exception {
+        // If this value is too low, this test might become flaky because of the burst value that
+        // allows to send at a higher data rate for a short period of time. The faster the data rate
+        // and the longer the test, the less this test will be affected.
+        final long dataLimitInBytesPerSecond = 1_000_000; // 1MB/s
+        long resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+        assertGreaterThan("Failed initial test with rate limit disabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+
+        // enable rate limit and wait until the tc filter is installed before starting the test.
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+        waitForTcPoliceFilterInstalled(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+
+        resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
+        // Add 1% tolerance to reduce test flakiness. Burst size is constant at 128KiB.
+        assertLessThan("Failed test with rate limit enabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                (long) (dataLimitInBytesPerSecond * 1.01));
+
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+
+        resultInBytesPerSecond = runIngressDataRateMeasurement(Duration.ofSeconds(1));
+        assertGreaterThan("Failed test with rate limit disabled", resultInBytesPerSecond,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIngressRateLimit_testSetting() {
+        int dataLimitInBytesPerSecond = 1_000_000;
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext,
+                dataLimitInBytesPerSecond);
+        assertEquals(dataLimitInBytesPerSecond,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext));
+        ConnectivitySettingsManager.setIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext, -1);
+        assertEquals(-1,
+                ConnectivitySettingsManager.getIngressRateLimitInBytesPerSecond(mContext));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
index 9b2756c..e2d3346 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/StaticIpConfigurationTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 
 import org.junit.Rule;
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@
         assertEquals(DNS1, s.getDnsServers().get(0));
     }
 
-    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @ConnectivityModuleTest @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     @Test
     public void testIllegalBuilders() {
         assertThrows("Can't set IP Address to IPv6!", IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
index 2c44010..74fee3d 100644
--- a/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
         "connectivity-mainline-presubmit-cc-defaults",
     ],
     require_root: true,
+    header_libs: [
+        "bpf_headers",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libmodules-utils-build",
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 142e013..2bba282 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <android/api-level.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+#include <bpf/BpfUtils.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BpfExistenceTest, TestPrograms) {
+    SKIP_IF_BPF_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
     // Pre-flight check to ensure test has been updated.
     uint64_t buildVersionSdk = android_get_device_api_level();
     ASSERT_NE(0, buildVersionSdk) << "Unable to determine device SDK version";
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 87af3af..098d48a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -573,6 +573,12 @@
         // is "<permission name>,<pid>,<uid>". PID+UID permissons have priority over generic ones.
         private final HashMap<String, Integer> mMockedPermissions = new HashMap<>();
 
+        private void mockStringResource(int resId) {
+            doAnswer((inv) -> {
+                return "Mock string resource ID=" + inv.getArgument(0);
+            }).when(mInternalResources).getString(resId);
+        }
+
         MockContext(Context base, ContentProvider settingsProvider) {
             super(base);
 
@@ -585,6 +591,18 @@
             }).when(mInternalResources)
                     .getStringArray(com.android.internal.R.array.networkAttributes);
 
+            final int[] stringResourcesToMock = new int[] {
+                com.android.internal.R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_config,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_connected,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_connecting,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_disconnected,
+                com.android.internal.R.string.vpn_lockdown_error,
+            };
+            for (int resId : stringResourcesToMock) {
+                mockStringResource(resId);
+            }
+
             mContentResolver = new MockContentResolver();
             mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, settingsProvider);
         }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index 785153a..e7f6245 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_DESTROYED
+import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_UNMETERED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
@@ -47,7 +49,8 @@
         validated: Boolean = false,
         vpn: Boolean = false,
         onceChosen: Boolean = false,
-        acceptUnvalidated: Boolean = false
+        acceptUnvalidated: Boolean = false,
+        destroyed: Boolean = false
     ): FullScore {
         val nac = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
             setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(acceptUnvalidated)
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@
             if (vpn) addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
             if (validated) addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
         }.build()
-        return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */)
+        return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */, destroyed)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -101,6 +104,7 @@
         assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             FullScore.policyNameOf(MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY + 1)
         }
+        assertEquals("IS_UNMETERED", FullScore.policyNameOf(POLICY_IS_UNMETERED))
     }
 
     fun getAllPolicies() = Regex("POLICY_.*").let { nameRegex ->
@@ -118,6 +122,7 @@
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(vpn = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_VPN))
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(onceChosen = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED))
         assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(acceptUnvalidated = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED))
+        assertTrue(ns.withPolicies(destroyed = true).hasPolicy(POLICY_IS_DESTROYED))
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 76c0c38..aa4e4bb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
@@ -101,13 +104,13 @@
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
-import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
+import com.android.testutils.TestBpfMap;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
 
 import libcore.testing.io.TestIoUtils;
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
@@ -152,7 +157,8 @@
  */
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
-@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+// NetworkStatsService is not updatable before T, so tests do not need to be backwards compatible
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
 public class NetworkStatsServiceTest extends NetworkStatsBaseTest {
     private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsServiceTest";
 
@@ -197,8 +203,16 @@
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     @Mock
     private LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
-    private @Mock IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
-    private @Mock NetworkStatsService.TagStatsDeleter mTagStatsDeleter;
+    private TestBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap = spy(new TestBpfMap<>(U32.class, U8.class));
+
+    private TestBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap = new TestBpfMap<>(
+            CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA = new TestBpfMap<>(StatsMapKey.class,
+            StatsMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB = new TestBpfMap<>(StatsMapKey.class,
+            StatsMapValue.class);
+    private TestBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mAppUidStatsMap = new TestBpfMap<>(
+            UidStatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
 
     private NetworkStatsService mService;
     private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
@@ -361,8 +375,23 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public NetworkStatsService.TagStatsDeleter getTagStatsDeleter() {
-                return mTagStatsDeleter;
+            public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
+                return mCookieTagMap;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
+                return mStatsMapA;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
+                return mStatsMapB;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
+                return mAppUidStatsMap;
             }
         };
     }
@@ -702,10 +731,8 @@
         final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_BLUE);
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
-        verify(mTagStatsDeleter).deleteTagData(UID_BLUE);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_RED);
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
-        verify(mTagStatsDeleter).deleteTagData(UID_RED);
 
         // existing uid and total should remain unchanged; but removed UID
         // should be gone completely.
@@ -1905,4 +1932,70 @@
     private void waitForIdle() {
         HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
+
+    private boolean cookieTagMapContainsUid(int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        final AtomicBoolean found = new AtomicBoolean();
+        mCookieTagMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
+            if (v.uid == uid) {
+                found.set(true);
+            }
+        });
+        return found.get();
+    }
+
+    private static <K extends StatsMapKey, V extends StatsMapValue> boolean statsMapContainsUid(
+            TestBpfMap<K, V> map, int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        final AtomicBoolean found = new AtomicBoolean();
+        map.forEach((k, v) -> {
+            if (k.uid == uid) {
+                found.set(true);
+            }
+        });
+        return found.get();
+    }
+
+    private void initBpfMapsWithTagData(int uid) throws ErrnoException {
+        // key needs to be unique, use some offset from uid.
+        mCookieTagMap.insertEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(1000 + uid), new CookieTagMapValue(uid, 1));
+        mCookieTagMap.insertEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(2000 + uid), new CookieTagMapValue(uid, 2));
+
+        mStatsMapA.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 1, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(5, 5000, 3, 3000));
+        mStatsMapA.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 2, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(5, 5000, 3, 3000));
+
+        mStatsMapB.insertEntry(new StatsMapKey(uid, 1, 0, 10), new StatsMapValue(0, 0, 0, 0));
+
+        mAppUidStatsMap.insertEntry(new UidStatsMapKey(uid), new StatsMapValue(10, 10000, 6, 6000));
+
+        mUidCounterSetMap.insertEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) 1));
+
+        assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(uid));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, uid));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, uid));
+        assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(uid)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(uid)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemovingUidRemovesTagDataForUid() throws ErrnoException {
+        initBpfMapsWithTagData(UID_BLUE);
+        initBpfMapsWithTagData(UID_RED);
+
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
+        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_UID, UID_BLUE);
+        mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
+
+        // assert that all UID_BLUE related tag data has been removed from the maps.
+        assertFalse(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_BLUE));
+        assertFalse(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_BLUE)));
+        assertFalse(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_BLUE)));
+
+        // assert that UID_RED related tag data is still in the maps.
+        assertTrue(cookieTagMapContainsUid(UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapA, UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(statsMapContainsUid(mStatsMapB, UID_RED));
+        assertTrue(mAppUidStatsMap.containsKey(new UidStatsMapKey(UID_RED)));
+        assertTrue(mUidCounterSetMap.containsKey(new U32(UID_RED)));
+    }
 }