diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking b/OWNERS_core_networking
index 6847c74..bc1d002 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 maze@google.com
 nuccachen@google.com
 paulhu@google.com
+prohr@google.com
 reminv@google.com
 satk@google.com
 waynema@google.com
diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index 90312a4..6996ad9 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@
   "postsubmit": [
     {
       "name": "TetheringPrivilegedTests"
+    },
+    // TODO: move to presubmit when known green.
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test"
     }
   ],
   "mainline-presubmit": [
@@ -54,6 +58,10 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "TetheringCoverageTests[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
+    },
+    // TODO: move to mainline-presubmit when known green.
+    {
+      "name": "bpf_existence_test[CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk+com.google.android.resolv.apex+com.google.android.tethering.apex]"
     }
   ],
   "imports": [
@@ -61,6 +69,9 @@
       "path": "frameworks/base/core/java/android/net"
     },
     {
+      "path": "frameworks/opt/net/ethernet"
+    },
+    {
       "path": "packages/modules/NetworkStack"
     },
     {
diff --git a/Tethering/Android.bp b/Tethering/Android.bp
index 0b54783..041a3ae 100644
--- a/Tethering/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 java_defaults {
     name: "TetheringApiLevel",
     sdk_version: "module_current",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
 }
 
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
         "libnetjniutils",
+        "libtcutils",
     ],
 
     // We cannot use plain "libc++" here to link libc++ dynamically because it results in:
@@ -206,4 +208,5 @@
 sdk {
     name: "tethering-module-sdk",
     bootclasspath_fragments: ["com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment"],
+    systemserverclasspath_fragments: ["com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment"],
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
index e6444f3..6deb345 100644
--- a/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/Tethering/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
           package="com.android.networkstack.tethering"
           android:sharedUserId="android.uid.networkstack">
-    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="29" android:targetSdkVersion="29" />
 
     <!-- Permissions must be defined here, and not in the base manifest, as the tethering
          running in the system server process does not need any permission, and having
          privileged permissions added would cause crashes on startup unless they are also
-         added to the privileged permissions allowlist for that package. -->
+         added to the privileged permissions allowlist for that package. EntitlementManager
+         would set exact alarm but declare SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM is not necessary here because
+         privilege application would be in the allowlist. -->
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index a94566f..3b48da8 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
 // different value depending on the branch.
 java_defaults {
     name: "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
-    enabled: false,
+    enabled: true,
 }
 apex_defaults {
     name: "ConnectivityApexDefaults",
     // Tethering app to include in the AOSP apex. Branches that disable the "next" targets may use
     // a stable tethering app instead, but will generally override the AOSP apex to use updatable
     // package names and keys, so that apex will be unused anyway.
-    apps: ["Tethering"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
+    apps: ["TetheringNext"], // Replace to "Tethering" if ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults is false.
 }
 // This is a placeholder comment to avoid merge conflicts
 // as the above target may have different "enabled" values
@@ -44,17 +44,23 @@
     bootclasspath_fragments: [
         "com.android.tethering-bootclasspath-fragment",
     ],
-    java_libs: [
-        "service-connectivity",
+    systemserverclasspath_fragments: [
+        "com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment",
     ],
     multilib: {
         first: {
-            jni_libs: ["libservice-connectivity"],
+            jni_libs: [
+                "libservice-connectivity",
+                "libcom_android_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni"
+            ],
         },
         both: {
             jni_libs: ["libframework-connectivity-jni"],
         },
     },
+    binaries: [
+        "clatd",
+    ],
     bpfs: [
         "offload.o",
         "test.o",
@@ -121,6 +127,12 @@
     },
 }
 
+systemserverclasspath_fragment {
+    name: "com.android.tethering-systemserverclasspath-fragment",
+    standalone_contents: ["service-connectivity"],
+    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
+}
+
 override_apex {
     name: "com.android.tethering.inprocess",
     base: "com.android.tethering",
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils.cpp b/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f9e4824..0000000
--- a/Tethering/jni/com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,397 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <jni.h>
-#include <linux/if_arp.h>
-#include <linux/if_ether.h>
-#include <linux/netlink.h>
-#include <linux/pkt_cls.h>
-#include <linux/pkt_sched.h>
-#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
-#include <net/if.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/utsname.h>
-
-// TODO: use unique_fd.
-#define BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
-#include "BpfSyscallWrappers.h"
-#include "bpf_tethering.h"
-#include "nativehelper/scoped_utf_chars.h"
-
-// The maximum length of TCA_BPF_NAME. Sync from net/sched/cls_bpf.c.
-#define CLS_BPF_NAME_LEN 256
-
-// Classifier name. See cls_bpf_ops in net/sched/cls_bpf.c.
-#define CLS_BPF_KIND_NAME "bpf"
-
-namespace android {
-// Sync from system/netd/server/NetlinkCommands.h
-const uint16_t NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;
-const sockaddr_nl KERNEL_NLADDR = {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0, 0};
-
-static void throwIOException(JNIEnv *env, const char* msg, int error) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "%s: %s", msg, strerror(error));
-}
-
-// TODO: move to frameworks/libs/net/common/native for sharing with
-// system/netd/server/OffloadUtils.{c, h}.
-static void sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(JNIEnv* env, const void* req, int len) {
-    int fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE);  // TODO: use unique_fd
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        throwIOException(env, "socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_ROUTE)", errno);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr int on = 1;
-    if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_CAP_ACK, &on, sizeof(on))) {
-        throwIOException(env, "setsockopt(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_CAP_ACK, 1)", errno);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // this is needed to get valid strace netlink parsing, it allocates the pid
-    if (bind(fd, (const struct sockaddr*)&KERNEL_NLADDR, sizeof(KERNEL_NLADDR))) {
-        throwIOException(env, "bind(fd, {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0})", errno);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // we do not want to receive messages from anyone besides the kernel
-    if (connect(fd, (const struct sockaddr*)&KERNEL_NLADDR, sizeof(KERNEL_NLADDR))) {
-        throwIOException(env, "connect(fd, {AF_NETLINK, 0, 0})", errno);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    int rv = send(fd, req, len, 0);
-
-    if (rv == -1) {
-        throwIOException(env, "send(fd, req, len, 0)", errno);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (rv != len) {
-        throwIOException(env, "send(fd, req, len, 0)", EMSGSIZE);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    struct {
-        nlmsghdr h;
-        nlmsgerr e;
-        char buf[256];
-    } resp = {};
-
-    rv = recv(fd, &resp, sizeof(resp), MSG_TRUNC);
-
-    if (rv == -1) {
-        throwIOException(env, "recv() failed", errno);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (rv < (int)NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr))) {
-        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "recv() returned short packet: %d", rv);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (resp.h.nlmsg_len != (unsigned)rv) {
-        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                             "recv() returned invalid header length: %d != %d", resp.h.nlmsg_len,
-                             rv);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (resp.h.nlmsg_type != NLMSG_ERROR) {
-        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                             "recv() did not return NLMSG_ERROR message: %d", resp.h.nlmsg_type);
-        close(fd);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (resp.e.error) {  // returns 0 on success
-        throwIOException(env, "NLMSG_ERROR message return error", -resp.e.error);
-    }
-    close(fd);
-    return;
-}
-
-static int hardwareAddressType(const char* interface) {
-    int fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
-    if (fd < 0) return -errno;
-
-    struct ifreq ifr = {};
-    // We use strncpy() instead of strlcpy() since kernel has to be able
-    // to handle non-zero terminated junk passed in by userspace anyway,
-    // and this way too long interface names (more than IFNAMSIZ-1 = 15
-    // characters plus terminating NULL) will not get truncated to 15
-    // characters and zero-terminated and thus potentially erroneously
-    // match a truncated interface if one were to exist.
-    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
-
-    int rv;
-    if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr, sizeof(ifr))) {
-        rv = -errno;
-    } else {
-        rv = ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family;
-    }
-
-    close(fd);
-    return rv;
-}
-
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// TODO - just use BpfUtils.h once that is available in sc-mainline-prod and has kernelVersion()
-//
-// In the mean time copying verbatim from:
-//   system/bpf/libbpf_android/include/bpf/BpfUtils.h
-// and
-//   system/bpf/libbpf_android/BpfUtils.cpp
-
-#define KVER(a, b, c) (((a) << 24) + ((b) << 16) + (c))
-
-static unsigned kernelVersion() {
-    struct utsname buf;
-    int ret = uname(&buf);
-    if (ret) return 0;
-
-    unsigned kver_major;
-    unsigned kver_minor;
-    unsigned kver_sub;
-    char discard;
-    ret = sscanf(buf.release, "%u.%u.%u%c", &kver_major, &kver_minor, &kver_sub, &discard);
-    // Check the device kernel version
-    if (ret < 3) return 0;
-
-    return KVER(kver_major, kver_minor, kver_sub);
-}
-
-static inline bool isAtLeastKernelVersion(unsigned major, unsigned minor, unsigned sub) {
-    return kernelVersion() >= KVER(major, minor, sub);
-}
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-static jboolean com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_isEthernet(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
-                                                                       jstring iface) {
-    ScopedUtfChars interface(env, iface);
-
-    int rv = hardwareAddressType(interface.c_str());
-    if (rv < 0) {
-        jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                             "Get hardware address type of interface %s failed: %s",
-                             interface.c_str(), strerror(-rv));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Backwards compatibility with pre-GKI kernels that use various custom
-    // ARPHRD_* for their cellular interface
-    switch (rv) {
-        // ARPHRD_PUREIP on at least some Mediatek Android kernels
-        // example: wembley with 4.19 kernel
-        case 520:
-        // in Linux 4.14+ rmnet support was upstreamed and ARHRD_RAWIP became 519,
-        // but it is 530 on at least some Qualcomm Android 4.9 kernels with rmnet
-        // example: Pixel 3 family
-        case 530:
-            // >5.4 kernels are GKI2.0 and thus upstream compatible, however 5.10
-            // shipped with Android S, so (for safety) let's limit ourselves to
-            // >5.10, ie. 5.11+ as a guarantee we're on Android T+ and thus no
-            // longer need this non-upstream compatibility logic
-            static bool is_pre_5_11_kernel = !isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 11, 0);
-            if (is_pre_5_11_kernel) return false;
-    }
-
-    switch (rv) {
-        case ARPHRD_ETHER:
-            return true;
-        case ARPHRD_NONE:
-        case ARPHRD_PPP:
-        case ARPHRD_RAWIP:
-            return false;
-        default:
-            jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                                 "Unknown hardware address type %d on interface %s", rv,
-                                 interface.c_str());
-            return false;
-    }
-}
-
-// tc filter add dev .. in/egress prio 1 protocol ipv6/ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
-// direct-action
-static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_tcFilterAddDevBpf(
-        JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jint ifIndex, jboolean ingress, jshort prio, jshort proto,
-        jstring bpfProgPath) {
-    ScopedUtfChars pathname(env, bpfProgPath);
-
-    const int bpfFd = bpf::retrieveProgram(pathname.c_str());
-    if (bpfFd == -1) {
-        throwIOException(env, "retrieveProgram failed", errno);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    struct {
-        nlmsghdr n;
-        tcmsg t;
-        struct {
-            nlattr attr;
-            // The maximum classifier name length is defined in
-            // tcf_proto_ops in include/net/sch_generic.h.
-            char str[NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(CLS_BPF_KIND_NAME))];
-        } kind;
-        struct {
-            nlattr attr;
-            struct {
-                nlattr attr;
-                __u32 u32;
-            } fd;
-            struct {
-                nlattr attr;
-                char str[NLMSG_ALIGN(CLS_BPF_NAME_LEN)];
-            } name;
-            struct {
-                nlattr attr;
-                __u32 u32;
-            } flags;
-        } options;
-    } req = {
-            .n =
-                    {
-                            .nlmsg_len = sizeof(req),
-                            .nlmsg_type = RTM_NEWTFILTER,
-                            .nlmsg_flags = NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS | NLM_F_EXCL | NLM_F_CREATE,
-                    },
-            .t =
-                    {
-                            .tcm_family = AF_UNSPEC,
-                            .tcm_ifindex = ifIndex,
-                            .tcm_handle = TC_H_UNSPEC,
-                            .tcm_parent = TC_H_MAKE(TC_H_CLSACT,
-                                                    ingress ? TC_H_MIN_INGRESS : TC_H_MIN_EGRESS),
-                            .tcm_info = static_cast<__u32>((static_cast<uint16_t>(prio) << 16) |
-                                                           htons(static_cast<uint16_t>(proto))),
-                    },
-            .kind =
-                    {
-                            .attr =
-                                    {
-                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.kind),
-                                            .nla_type = TCA_KIND,
-                                    },
-                            .str = CLS_BPF_KIND_NAME,
-                    },
-            .options =
-                    {
-                            .attr =
-                                    {
-                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options),
-                                            .nla_type = NLA_F_NESTED | TCA_OPTIONS,
-                                    },
-                            .fd =
-                                    {
-                                            .attr =
-                                                    {
-                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.fd),
-                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_FD,
-                                                    },
-                                            .u32 = static_cast<__u32>(bpfFd),
-                                    },
-                            .name =
-                                    {
-                                            .attr =
-                                                    {
-                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.name),
-                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_NAME,
-                                                    },
-                                            // Visible via 'tc filter show', but
-                                            // is overwritten by strncpy below
-                                            .str = "placeholder",
-                                    },
-                            .flags =
-                                    {
-                                            .attr =
-                                                    {
-                                                            .nla_len = sizeof(req.options.flags),
-                                                            .nla_type = TCA_BPF_FLAGS,
-                                                    },
-                                            .u32 = TCA_BPF_FLAG_ACT_DIRECT,
-                                    },
-                    },
-    };
-
-    snprintf(req.options.name.str, sizeof(req.options.name.str), "%s:[*fsobj]",
-            basename(pathname.c_str()));
-
-    // The exception may be thrown from sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse. Close the file descriptor of
-    // BPF program before returning the function in any case.
-    sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(env, &req, sizeof(req));
-    close(bpfFd);
-}
-
-// tc filter del dev .. in/egress prio .. protocol ..
-static void com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_tcFilterDelDev(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
-                                                                       jint ifIndex,
-                                                                       jboolean ingress,
-                                                                       jshort prio, jshort proto) {
-    const struct {
-        nlmsghdr n;
-        tcmsg t;
-    } req = {
-            .n =
-                    {
-                            .nlmsg_len = sizeof(req),
-                            .nlmsg_type = RTM_DELTFILTER,
-                            .nlmsg_flags = NETLINK_REQUEST_FLAGS,
-                    },
-            .t =
-                    {
-                            .tcm_family = AF_UNSPEC,
-                            .tcm_ifindex = ifIndex,
-                            .tcm_handle = TC_H_UNSPEC,
-                            .tcm_parent = TC_H_MAKE(TC_H_CLSACT,
-                                                    ingress ? TC_H_MIN_INGRESS : TC_H_MIN_EGRESS),
-                            .tcm_info = static_cast<__u32>((static_cast<uint16_t>(prio) << 16) |
-                                                           htons(static_cast<uint16_t>(proto))),
-                    },
-    };
-
-    sendAndProcessNetlinkResponse(env, &req, sizeof(req));
-}
-
-/*
- * JNI registration.
- */
-static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
-        /* name, signature, funcPtr */
-        {"isEthernet", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Z",
-         (void*)com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_isEthernet},
-        {"tcFilterAddDevBpf", "(IZSSLjava/lang/String;)V",
-         (void*)com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_tcFilterAddDevBpf},
-        {"tcFilterDelDev", "(IZSS)V",
-         (void*)com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils_tcFilterDelDev},
-};
-
-int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils(JNIEnv* env) {
-    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils", gMethods,
-                                    NELEM(gMethods));
-}
-
-};  // namespace android
diff --git a/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
index 72895f1..ed80128 100644
--- a/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
+++ b/Tethering/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
 int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils(JNIEnv* env);
 int register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_util_TetheringUtils(JNIEnv* env);
@@ -39,9 +40,10 @@
     if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
             "com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
 
-    if (register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TcUtils(env,
+            "com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/TcUtils") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
 
-    if (register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfUtils(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+    if (register_com_android_networkstack_tethering_BpfCoordinator(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
 
     return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java
index 4f095cf..ad410eb 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfUtils.java
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /**
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@
 
         boolean ether;
         try {
-            ether = isEthernet(iface);
+            ether = TcUtils.isEthernet(iface);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("isEthernet(" + params.index + "[" + iface + "]) failure: " + e);
         }
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@
         try {
             // tc filter add dev .. ingress prio 1 protocol ipv6 bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
             // direct-action
-            tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6,
+            TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6,
                     makeProgPath(downstream, 6, ether));
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("tc filter add dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@
         try {
             // tc filter add dev .. ingress prio 2 protocol ip bpf object-pinned /sys/fs/bpf/...
             // direct-action
-            tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP,
+            TcUtils.tcFilterAddDevBpf(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP,
                     makeProgPath(downstream, 4, ether));
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("tc filter add dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@
 
         try {
             // tc filter del dev .. ingress prio 1 protocol ipv6
-            tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6);
+            TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER6, (short) ETH_P_IPV6);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("tc filter del dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
                     + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER6 protocol ipv6 failure: " + e);
@@ -129,18 +131,10 @@
 
         try {
             // tc filter del dev .. ingress prio 2 protocol ip
-            tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP);
+            TcUtils.tcFilterDelDev(params.index, INGRESS, PRIO_TETHER4, (short) ETH_P_IP);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new IOException("tc filter del dev (" + params.index + "[" + iface
                     + "]) ingress prio PRIO_TETHER4 protocol ip failure: " + e);
         }
     }
-
-    private static native boolean isEthernet(String iface) throws IOException;
-
-    private static native void tcFilterAddDevBpf(int ifIndex, boolean ingress, short prio,
-            short proto, String bpfProgPath) throws IOException;
-
-    private static native void tcFilterDelDev(int ifIndex, boolean ingress, short prio,
-            short proto) throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
index a2bd1a5..d2188d1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/Android.bp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 // Use with NetworkStackJarJarRules.
 android_library {
     name: "TetheringIntegrationTestsLatestSdkLib",
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
     platform_apis: true,
     defaults: ["TetheringIntegrationTestsDefaults"],
     visibility: [
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
     name: "TetheringCoverageTests",
     platform_apis: true,
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
     test_suites: ["device-tests", "mts-tethering"],
     test_config: "AndroidTest_Coverage.xml",
     defaults: ["libnetworkstackutilsjni_deps"],
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 15f07f2..8bf1a2b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -25,9 +25,14 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringTester.RemoteResponder;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.ConnectivityUtils.isIPv6ULA;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.HexDump.dumpHexString;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV4;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV6;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTrackerKt.initTestNetwork;
@@ -47,20 +52,26 @@
 import android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest;
+import android.net.TetheringTester.TetheredDevice;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.MediumTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.PacketBuilder;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Icmpv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.UdpHeader;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
@@ -71,6 +82,7 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InterfaceAddress;
 import java.net.NetworkInterface;
@@ -92,10 +104,13 @@
 
     private static final String TAG = EthernetTetheringTest.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+    private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP4_ADDR = new LinkAddress("10.0.0.1/8");
     private static final LinkAddress TEST_IP6_ADDR = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:1::101/64");
     private static final InetAddress TEST_IP4_DNS = parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
     private static final InetAddress TEST_IP6_DNS = parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:1::888");
+    private static final ByteBuffer TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0xaa });
 
     private final Context mContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
     private final EthernetManager mEm = mContext.getSystemService(EthernetManager.class);
@@ -105,6 +120,7 @@
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
     private TapPacketReader mDownstreamReader;
+    private TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
 
     private TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
     private MyTetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
@@ -140,6 +156,11 @@
             mUpstreamTracker.teardown();
             mUpstreamTracker = null;
         }
+        if (mUpstreamReader != null) {
+            TapPacketReader reader = mUpstreamReader;
+            mHandler.post(() -> reader.stop());
+            mUpstreamReader = null;
+        }
 
         mTm.stopTethering(TETHERING_ETHERNET);
         if (mTetheringEventCallback != null) {
@@ -706,6 +727,168 @@
         // TODO: do basic forwarding test here.
     }
 
+    // Test network topology:
+    //
+    //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+    //                   |                 UE                |
+    // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+    // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+    // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+    // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
+    // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
+    //
+    private static final Inet4Address REMOTE_IP4_ADDR =
+            (Inet4Address) parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
+    // Used by public port and private port. Assume port 9876 has not been used yet before the
+    // testing that public port and private port are the same in the testing. Note that NAT port
+    // forwarding could be different between private port and public port.
+    private static final short LOCAL_PORT = 9876;
+    private static final short REMOTE_PORT = 433;
+    private static final byte TYPE_OF_SERVICE = 0;
+    private static final short ID = 27149;
+    private static final short ID2 = 27150;
+    private static final short FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET = (short) 0x4000; // flags=DF, offset=0
+    private static final byte TIME_TO_LIVE = (byte) 0x40;
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x12, (byte) 0x34 });
+    private static final ByteBuffer PAYLOAD2 =
+            ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[] { (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x78 });
+
+    private boolean isExpectedUdpPacket(@NonNull final byte[] rawPacket, boolean hasEther,
+            @NonNull final ByteBuffer payload) {
+        final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawPacket);
+
+        if (hasEther) {
+            final EthernetHeader etherHeader = Struct.parse(EthernetHeader.class, buf);
+            if (etherHeader == null) return false;
+        }
+
+        final Ipv4Header ipv4Header = Struct.parse(Ipv4Header.class, buf);
+        if (ipv4Header == null) return false;
+
+        final UdpHeader udpHeader = Struct.parse(UdpHeader.class, buf);
+        if (udpHeader == null) return false;
+
+        if (buf.remaining() != payload.limit()) return false;
+
+        return Arrays.equals(Arrays.copyOfRange(buf.array(), buf.position(), buf.limit()),
+                payload.array());
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildUdpv4Packet(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+            @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, short id,
+            @NonNull final Inet4Address srcIp, @NonNull final Inet4Address dstIp,
+            short srcPort, short dstPort, @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        final boolean hasEther = (srcMac != null && dstMac != null);
+        final int payloadLen = (payload == null) ? 0 : payload.limit();
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(hasEther, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                payloadLen);
+        final PacketBuilder packetBuilder = new PacketBuilder(buffer);
+
+        if (hasEther) packetBuilder.writeL2Header(srcMac, dstMac, (short) ETHER_TYPE_IPV4);
+        packetBuilder.writeIpv4Header(TYPE_OF_SERVICE, ID, FLAGS_AND_FRAGMENT_OFFSET,
+                TIME_TO_LIVE, (byte) IPPROTO_UDP, srcIp, dstIp);
+        packetBuilder.writeUdpHeader(srcPort, dstPort);
+        if (payload != null) {
+            buffer.put(payload);
+            // in case data might be reused by caller, restore the position and
+            // limit of bytebuffer.
+            payload.clear();
+        }
+
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket();
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildUdpv4Packet(short id, @NonNull final Inet4Address srcIp,
+            @NonNull final Inet4Address dstIp, short srcPort, short dstPort,
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload) throws Exception {
+        return buildUdpv4Packet(null /* srcMac */, null /* dstMac */, id, srcIp, dstIp, srcPort,
+                dstPort, payload);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove this verification once upstream connected notification race is fixed.
+    // See #runUdp4Test.
+    private boolean isIpv4TetherConnectivityVerified(TetheringTester tester,
+            RemoteResponder remote, TetheredDevice tethered) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer probePacket = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */, REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD);
+
+        // Send a UDP packet from client and check the packet can be found on upstream interface.
+        for (int i = 0; i < TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS; i++) {
+            tester.sendPacket(probePacket);
+            byte[] expectedPacket = remote.getNextMatchedPacket(p -> {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+                return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, TEST_REACHABILITY_PAYLOAD);
+            });
+            if (expectedPacket != null) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void runUdp4Test(TetheringTester tester, RemoteResponder remote) throws Exception {
+        final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(MacAddress.fromString(
+                "1:2:3:4:5:6"));
+
+        // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
+        // Because async upstream connected notification can't guarantee the tethering routing is
+        // ready to use. Need to test tethering connectivity before testing.
+        // For short term plan, consider using IPv6 RA to get MAC address because the prefix comes
+        // from upstream. That can guarantee that the routing is ready. Long term plan is that
+        // refactors upstream connected notification from async to sync.
+        assertTrue(isIpv4TetherConnectivityVerified(tester, remote, tethered));
+
+        // Send a UDP packet in original direction.
+        final ByteBuffer originalPacket = buildUdpv4Packet(tethered.macAddr,
+                tethered.routerMacAddr, ID, tethered.ipv4Addr /* srcIp */,
+                REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* dstIp */, LOCAL_PORT /* srcPort */, REMOTE_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                PAYLOAD /* payload */);
+        tester.verifyUpload(remote, originalPacket, p -> {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Packet in upstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+            return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, false /* hasEther */, PAYLOAD);
+        });
+
+        // Send a UDP packet in reply direction.
+        final Inet4Address publicIp4Addr = (Inet4Address) TEST_IP4_ADDR.getAddress();
+        final ByteBuffer replyPacket = buildUdpv4Packet(ID2, REMOTE_IP4_ADDR /* srcIp */,
+                publicIp4Addr /* dstIp */, REMOTE_PORT /* srcPort */, LOCAL_PORT /*dstPort */,
+                PAYLOAD2 /* payload */);
+        remote.verifyDownload(tester, replyPacket, p -> {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Packet in downstream: " + dumpHexString(p));
+            return isExpectedUdpPacket(p, true/* hasEther */, PAYLOAD2);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUdpV4() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(mEm.isAvailable());
+
+        // MyTetheringEventCallback currently only support await first available upstream. Tethering
+        // may select internet network as upstream if test network is not available and not be
+        // preferred yet. Create test upstream network before enable tethering.
+        mUpstreamTracker = createTestUpstream(toList(TEST_IP4_ADDR));
+
+        mDownstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+        mEm.setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
+        assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
+                mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
+
+        mTetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(mDownstreamIface.getInterfaceName());
+        assertEquals("onUpstreamChanged for unexpected network", mUpstreamTracker.getNetwork(),
+                mTetheringEventCallback.awaitFirstUpstreamConnected());
+
+        mDownstreamReader = makePacketReader(mDownstreamIface);
+        mUpstreamReader = makePacketReader(mUpstreamTracker.getTestIface());
+
+        runUdp4Test(new TetheringTester(mDownstreamReader), new RemoteResponder(mUpstreamReader));
+    }
+
     private <T> List<T> toList(T... array) {
         return Arrays.asList(array);
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java
index 38d74ad..d24661a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/TetheringTester.java
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ARP_REPLY;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ARP_REQUEST;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_BROADCAST;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.net.dhcp.DhcpAckPacket;
@@ -24,13 +30,16 @@
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.android.networkstack.arp.ArpPacket;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
-import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
  * A class simulate tethered client. When caller create TetheringTester, it would connect to
@@ -72,15 +81,17 @@
     }
 
     public class TetheredDevice {
-        private final MacAddress mMacAddr;
-
-        public final Inet4Address mIpv4Addr;
+        public final MacAddress macAddr;
+        public final MacAddress routerMacAddr;
+        public final Inet4Address ipv4Addr;
 
         private TetheredDevice(MacAddress mac) throws Exception {
-            mMacAddr = mac;
+            macAddr = mac;
 
-            DhcpResults dhcpResults = runDhcp(mMacAddr.toByteArray());
-            mIpv4Addr = (Inet4Address) dhcpResults.ipAddress.getAddress();
+            DhcpResults dhcpResults = runDhcp(macAddr.toByteArray());
+            ipv4Addr = (Inet4Address) dhcpResults.ipAddress.getAddress();
+            routerMacAddr = getRouterMacAddressFromArp(ipv4Addr, macAddr,
+                    dhcpResults.serverAddress);
         }
     }
 
@@ -129,27 +140,121 @@
         mDownstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
     }
 
-    private DhcpPacket getNextDhcpPacket() {
-        return getNextMatchedPacket((p) -> {
+    private DhcpPacket getNextDhcpPacket() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] packet = getNextMatchedPacket((p) -> {
+            // Test whether this is DHCP packet.
             try {
-                return DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(p, p.length, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2);
+                DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(p, p.length, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2);
             } catch (DhcpPacket.ParseException e) {
-                // Not a DHCP packet. Continue.
+                // Not a DHCP packet.
+                return false;
             }
 
-            return null;
+            return true;
         });
+
+        return packet == null ? null :
+                DhcpPacket.decodeFullPacket(packet, packet.length, DhcpPacket.ENCAP_L2);
     }
 
-    private <R> R getNextMatchedPacket(Function<byte[], R> match) {
-        byte[] packet;
-        R result;
-        while ((packet = mDownstreamReader.popPacket(PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
-            result = match.apply(packet);
+    @Nullable
+    private ArpPacket parseArpPacket(final byte[] packet) {
+        try {
+            return ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(packet, packet.length);
+        } catch (ArpPacket.ParseException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
 
-            if (result != null) return result;
+    private void maybeReplyArp(byte[] packet) {
+        ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(packet);
+
+        final ArpPacket arpPacket = parseArpPacket(packet);
+        if (arpPacket == null || arpPacket.opCode != ARP_REQUEST) return;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTetheredDevices.size(); i++) {
+            TetheredDevice tethered = mTetheredDevices.valueAt(i);
+            if (!arpPacket.targetIp.equals(tethered.ipv4Addr)) continue;
+
+            final ByteBuffer arpReply = ArpPacket.buildArpPacket(
+                    arpPacket.senderHwAddress.toByteArray() /* dst */,
+                    tethered.macAddr.toByteArray() /* srcMac */,
+                    arpPacket.senderIp.getAddress() /* target IP */,
+                    arpPacket.senderHwAddress.toByteArray() /* target HW address */,
+                    tethered.ipv4Addr.getAddress() /* sender IP */,
+                    (short) ARP_REPLY);
+            try {
+                sendPacket(arpReply);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                fail("Failed to reply ARP for " + tethered.ipv4Addr);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private MacAddress getRouterMacAddressFromArp(final Inet4Address tetherIp,
+            final MacAddress tetherMac, final Inet4Address routerIp) throws Exception {
+        final ByteBuffer arpProbe = ArpPacket.buildArpPacket(ETHER_BROADCAST /* dst */,
+                tetherMac.toByteArray() /* srcMac */, routerIp.getAddress() /* target IP */,
+                new byte[ETHER_ADDR_LEN] /* target HW address */,
+                tetherIp.getAddress() /* sender IP */, (short) ARP_REQUEST);
+        sendPacket(arpProbe);
+
+        final byte[] packet = getNextMatchedPacket((p) -> {
+            final ArpPacket arpPacket = parseArpPacket(p);
+            if (arpPacket == null || arpPacket.opCode != ARP_REPLY) return false;
+            return arpPacket.targetIp.equals(tetherIp);
+        });
+
+        if (packet != null) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Get Mac address from ARP");
+            final ArpPacket arpReply = ArpPacket.parseArpPacket(packet, packet.length);
+            return arpReply.senderHwAddress;
+        }
+
+        fail("Could not get ARP packet");
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void sendPacket(ByteBuffer packet) throws Exception {
+        mDownstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getNextMatchedPacket(Predicate<byte[]> filter) {
+        byte[] packet;
+        while ((packet = mDownstreamReader.poll(PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS)) != null) {
+            if (filter.test(packet)) return packet;
+
+            maybeReplyArp(packet);
         }
 
         return null;
     }
+
+    public void verifyUpload(final RemoteResponder dst, final ByteBuffer packet,
+            final Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+        sendPacket(packet);
+        assertNotNull("Upload fail", dst.getNextMatchedPacket(filter));
+    }
+
+    public static class RemoteResponder {
+        final TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
+        public RemoteResponder(TapPacketReader reader) {
+            mUpstreamReader = reader;
+        }
+
+        public void sendPacket(ByteBuffer packet) throws Exception {
+            mUpstreamReader.sendResponse(packet);
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getNextMatchedPacket(Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+            return mUpstreamReader.poll(PACKET_READ_TIMEOUT_MS, filter);
+        }
+
+        public void verifyDownload(final TetheringTester dst, final ByteBuffer packet,
+                final Predicate<byte[]> filter) throws Exception {
+            sendPacket(packet);
+            assertNotNull("Download fail", dst.getNextMatchedPacket(filter));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
index e51d531..18fd63b 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     name: "MtsTetheringTestLatestSdk",
 
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
 
     libs: [
         "android.test.base",
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 5150d39..ecd1a39 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "TetheringApiStableLib",
     ],
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
diff --git a/bpf_progs/Android.bp b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
index 17eebe0..d015ef6 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/Android.bp
+++ b/bpf_progs/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
     name: "bpf_connectivity_headers",
     vendor_available: false,
     host_supported: false,
+    header_libs: ["bpf_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["bpf_headers"],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 1a81cc9..de505c7 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
         ":net-utils-framework-common-srcs",
     ],
     aidl: {
+        generate_get_transaction_name: true,
         include_dirs: [
             // Include directories for parcelables that are part of the stable API, and need a
             // one-line "parcelable X" .aidl declaration to be used in AIDL interfaces.
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f2402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable ProfileNetworkPreference;
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index 9a77a3c..827da6d 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@
   }
 
   public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
     method public boolean contains(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress);
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public java.net.InetAddress getAddress();
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@
     ctor public NetworkCapabilities(android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
     method public int describeContents();
     method @NonNull public int[] getCapabilities();
+    method @NonNull public int[] getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels();
     method public int getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps();
     method public int getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps();
     method @Nullable public android.net.NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier();
@@ -316,6 +318,7 @@
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET = 12; // 0xc
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23; // 0x17
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33; // 0x21
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED = 20; // 0x14
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED = 11; // 0xb
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED = 13; // 0xd
@@ -439,11 +442,15 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.IpPrefix getDestination();
     method @Nullable public java.net.InetAddress getGateway();
     method @Nullable public String getInterface();
+    method public int getType();
     method public boolean hasGateway();
     method public boolean isDefaultRoute();
     method public boolean matches(java.net.InetAddress);
     method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.RouteInfo> CREATOR;
+    field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7; // 0x7
   }
 
   public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index 50dd2ad..415b3e5 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -12,18 +12,25 @@
     method @NonNull public static android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange();
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(int, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void replaceFirewallChain(int, @NonNull int[]);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void requestBackgroundNetwork(@NonNull android.net.NetworkRequest, @NonNull android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback, @NonNull android.os.Handler);
     method @Deprecated public boolean requestRouteToHostAddress(int, java.net.InetAddress);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptPartialConnectivity(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAcceptUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network, boolean, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setAvoidUnvalidated(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setFirewallChainEnabled(int, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setGlobalProxy(@Nullable android.net.ProxyInfo);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setLegacyLockdownVpnEnabled(boolean);
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference>, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void swapActiveStatsMap();
     method public void systemReady();
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void updateFirewallRule(int, int, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(int, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int, boolean);
     field public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE = "android.net.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE";
     field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION = "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
     field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
@@ -38,8 +45,13 @@
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN = 16; // 0x10
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_NONE = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int BLOCKED_REASON_RESTRICTED_MODE = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
   }
 
   public static class ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback {
@@ -121,6 +133,11 @@
   public final class NetworkCapabilities implements android.os.Parcelable {
     method @Nullable public java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>> getUids();
     method public boolean hasForbiddenCapability(int);
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1 = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2 = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3 = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4 = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5 = 5; // 0x5
     field public static final long REDACT_ALL = -1L; // 0xffffffffffffffffL
     field public static final long REDACT_FOR_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1L; // 0x1L
     field public static final long REDACT_FOR_LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS = 2L; // 0x2L
@@ -144,6 +161,19 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkRequest.Builder setUids(@Nullable java.util.Set<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
   }
 
+  public final class ProfileNetworkPreference implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public int getPreference();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static final class ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder {
+    ctor public ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference build();
+    method @NonNull public android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder setPreference(int);
+  }
+
   public final class TestNetworkInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
     ctor public TestNetworkInterface(@NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, @NonNull String);
     method public int describeContents();
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index cfab872..8d084e6 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@
   }
 
   public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @IntRange(from=0, to=128) int);
     ctor public IpPrefix(@NonNull String);
   }
 
@@ -295,9 +294,11 @@
     ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder();
     ctor public NetworkCapabilities.Builder(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder addTransportType(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities build();
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeCapability(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(int);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder removeTransportType(int);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setAdministratorUids(@NonNull int[]);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int);
@@ -432,10 +433,6 @@
     ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int);
     ctor public RouteInfo(@Nullable android.net.IpPrefix, @Nullable java.net.InetAddress, @Nullable String, int, int);
     method public int getMtu();
-    method public int getType();
-    field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7; // 0x7
   }
 
   public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index c21bcfa..7d65f8c 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -931,6 +931,48 @@
     private final IConnectivityManager mService;
 
     /**
+     * Firewall chain for device idle (doze mode).
+     * Allowlist of apps that have network access in device idle.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for app standby.
+     * Denylist of apps that do not have network access.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for battery saver.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have network access when battery saver is on.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Firewall chain used for restricted networking mode.
+     * Allowlist of apps that have access in restricted networking mode.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "FIREWALL_CHAIN_", value = {
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE,
+        FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED
+    })
+    public @interface FirewallChain {}
+
+    /**
      * A kludge to facilitate static access where a Context pointer isn't available, like in the
      * case of the static set/getProcessDefaultNetwork methods and from the Network class.
      * TODO: Remove this after deprecating the static methods in favor of non-static methods or
@@ -1078,7 +1120,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Preference for {@link #setNetworkPreferenceForUser(UserHandle, int, Executor, Runnable)}.
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
      * Specify that the traffic for this user should by follow the default rules.
      * @hide
      */
@@ -1086,7 +1129,8 @@
     public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0;
 
     /**
-     * Preference for {@link #setNetworkPreferenceForUser(UserHandle, int, Executor, Runnable)}.
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
      * Specify that the traffic for this user should by default go on a network with
      * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE}, and on the system default network
      * if no such network is available.
@@ -1095,13 +1139,25 @@
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1;
 
+    /**
+     * Preference for {@link ProfileNetworkPreference#setPreference(int)}.
+     * {@see #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * Specify that the traffic for this user should by default go on a network with
+     * {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE} and if no such network is available
+     * should not go on the system default network
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2;
+
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(value = {
             PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT,
-            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+            PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK
     })
-    public @interface ProfileNetworkPreference {
+    public @interface ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy {
     }
 
     /**
@@ -5461,6 +5517,8 @@
      * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code profile} is not a valid user profile.
      * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #setProfileNetworkPreferences(UserHandle, List, Executor, Runnable)}
+     * instead as it provides a more flexible API with more options.
      * @hide
      */
     // This function is for establishing per-profile default networking and can only be called by
@@ -5470,8 +5528,45 @@
     @SuppressLint({"UserHandle"})
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    @Deprecated
     public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull final UserHandle profile,
-            @ProfileNetworkPreference final int preference,
+            @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy final int preference,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
+
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder preferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        preferenceBuilder.setPreference(preference);
+        setProfileNetworkPreferences(profile,
+                List.of(preferenceBuilder.build()), executor, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a list of default network selection policies for a user profile.
+     *
+     * Calling this API with a user handle defines the entire policy for that user handle.
+     * It will overwrite any setting previously set for the same user profile,
+     * and not affect previously set settings for other handles.
+     *
+     * Call this API with an empty list to remove settings for this user profile.
+     *
+     * See {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} for more details on each preference
+     * parameter.
+     *
+     * @param profile the user profile for which the preference is being set.
+     * @param profileNetworkPreferences the list of profile network preferences for the
+     *        provided profile.
+     * @param executor an executor to execute the listener on. Optional if listener is null.
+     * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code profile} is not a valid user profile.
+     * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK)
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+            @NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @NonNull List<ProfileNetworkPreference>  profileNetworkPreferences,
             @Nullable @CallbackExecutor final Executor executor,
             @Nullable final Runnable listener) {
         if (null != listener) {
@@ -5489,7 +5584,7 @@
             };
         }
         try {
-            mService.setProfileNetworkPreference(profile, preference, proxy);
+            mService.setProfileNetworkPreferences(profile, profileNetworkPreferences, proxy);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
@@ -5511,4 +5606,141 @@
     public static Range<Integer> getIpSecNetIdRange() {
         return new Range(TUN_INTF_NETID_START, TUN_INTF_NETID_START + TUN_INTF_NETID_RANGE - 1);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the specified UID is allowed to use data on metered networks even when
+     * background data is restricted.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if update allow list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(uid, add);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the specified UID is prevented from using background data on metered networks.
+     * Takes precedence over {@link #updateMeteredNetworkAllowList}.
+     *
+     * @param uid uid of target app
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if update deny list failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(uid, add);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a firewall rule for the specified UID on the specified chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain.
+     * @param uid uid to allow/deny.
+     * @param allow either add or remove rule.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if update firewall rule failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void updateFirewallRule(@FirewallChain final int chain, final int uid,
+            final boolean allow) {
+        try {
+            mService.updateFirewallRule(chain, uid, allow);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enables or disables the specified firewall chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain.
+     * @param enable whether the chain should be enabled.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if set firewall chain failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void setFirewallChainEnabled(@FirewallChain final int chain, final boolean enable) {
+        try {
+            mService.setFirewallChainEnabled(chain, enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces the contents of the specified UID-based firewall chain.
+     *
+     * @param chain target chain to replace.
+     * @param uids The list of UIDs to be placed into chain.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if replace firewall chain failed.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code chain} is not a valid chain.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void replaceFirewallChain(@FirewallChain final int chain, @NonNull final int[] uids) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(uids);
+        try {
+            mService.replaceFirewallChain(chain, uids);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request to change the current active network stats map.
+     * STOPSHIP: Remove this API before T sdk finalized, this API is temporary added for the
+     * NetworkStatsFactory which is platform code but will be moved into connectivity (tethering)
+     * mainline module.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if swap active stats map failed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    public void swapActiveStatsMap() {
+        try {
+            mService.swapActiveStatsMap();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 50ec781..df4663f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkState;
 import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
 import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.QosSocketInfo;
@@ -218,7 +219,8 @@
     void setOemNetworkPreference(in OemNetworkPreferences preference,
             in IOnCompleteListener listener);
 
-    void setProfileNetworkPreference(in UserHandle profile, int preference,
+    void setProfileNetworkPreferences(in UserHandle profile,
+            in List<ProfileNetworkPreference>  preferences,
             in IOnCompleteListener listener);
 
     int getRestrictBackgroundStatusByCaller();
@@ -228,4 +230,16 @@
     void unofferNetwork(in INetworkOfferCallback callback);
 
     void setTestAllowBadWifiUntil(long timeMs);
+
+    void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(int uid, boolean add);
+
+    void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int uid, boolean add);
+
+    void updateFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, boolean allow);
+
+    void setFirewallChainEnabled(int chain, boolean enable);
+
+    void replaceFirewallChain(int chain, in int[] uids);
+
+    void swapActiveStatsMap();
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java b/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java
index bf4481a..c26a0b5 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IpPrefix.java
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
      *
      * @param address the IP address. Must be non-null.
      * @param prefixLength the prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
-     * @hide
      */
-    @SystemApi
     public IpPrefix(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
         // We don't reuse the (byte[], int) constructor because it calls clone() on the byte array,
         // which is unnecessary because getAddress() already returns a clone.
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
index ad8396b..93fc379 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -232,6 +232,20 @@
         return mLegacyExtraInfo;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * If the {@link Network} is a VPN, whether the local traffic is exempted from the VPN.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean excludeLocalRouteVpn = false;
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether local traffic is excluded from the VPN network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean getExcludeLocalRouteVpn() {
+        return excludeLocalRouteVpn;
+    }
+
     /** @hide */
     public NetworkAgentConfig() {
     }
@@ -251,6 +265,7 @@
             legacySubType = nac.legacySubType;
             legacySubTypeName = nac.legacySubTypeName;
             mLegacyExtraInfo = nac.mLegacyExtraInfo;
+            excludeLocalRouteVpn = nac.excludeLocalRouteVpn;
         }
     }
 
@@ -407,6 +422,17 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets whether the local traffic is exempted from VPN.
+         *
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide TODO(184750836): Unhide once the implementation is completed.
+         */
+        public Builder setExcludeLocalRoutesVpn(boolean excludeLocalRoutes) {
+            mConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = excludeLocalRoutes;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Returns the constructed {@link NetworkAgentConfig} object.
          */
         @NonNull
@@ -429,14 +455,15 @@
                 && legacyType == that.legacyType
                 && Objects.equals(subscriberId, that.subscriberId)
                 && Objects.equals(legacyTypeName, that.legacyTypeName)
-                && Objects.equals(mLegacyExtraInfo, that.mLegacyExtraInfo);
+                && Objects.equals(mLegacyExtraInfo, that.mLegacyExtraInfo)
+                && excludeLocalRouteVpn == that.excludeLocalRouteVpn;
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(allowBypass, explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated,
                 acceptPartialConnectivity, provisioningNotificationDisabled, subscriberId,
-                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName, mLegacyExtraInfo);
+                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName, mLegacyExtraInfo, excludeLocalRouteVpn);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -453,6 +480,7 @@
                 + ", hasShownBroken = " + hasShownBroken
                 + ", legacyTypeName = '" + legacyTypeName + '\''
                 + ", legacyExtraInfo = '" + mLegacyExtraInfo + '\''
+                + ", excludeLocalRouteVpn = '" + excludeLocalRouteVpn + '\''
                 + "}";
     }
 
@@ -475,6 +503,7 @@
         out.writeInt(legacySubType);
         out.writeString(legacySubTypeName);
         out.writeString(mLegacyExtraInfo);
+        out.writeInt(excludeLocalRouteVpn ? 1 : 0);
     }
 
     public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR =
@@ -494,6 +523,7 @@
             networkAgentConfig.legacySubType = in.readInt();
             networkAgentConfig.legacySubTypeName = in.readString();
             networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.excludeLocalRouteVpn = in.readInt() != 0;
             return networkAgentConfig;
         }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index 03cf109..84f7cbb 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -146,6 +148,70 @@
      */
     private String mRequestorPackageName;
 
+    /**
+     * enterprise capability sub level 1
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1 = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * enterprise capability sub level 2
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2 = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * enterprise capability sub level 3
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3 = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * enterprise capability sub level 4
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4 = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * enterprise capability sub level 5
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5 = 5;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL" }, value = {
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5,
+    })
+
+    public @interface EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bitfield representing the network's enterprise capability sublevel.  If any are specified
+     * they will be satisfied by any Network that matches all of them.
+     * {@see addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel} for details on how masks are added
+     */
+    private int mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
+
+    /**
+     * @return all the enteprise capabilities sub level set on this {@code NetworkCapability}
+     * instance.
+     *
+     */
+    public @NonNull @EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel int[] getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels() {
+        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+    }
+
     public NetworkCapabilities() {
         clearAll();
         mNetworkCapabilities = DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES;
@@ -192,6 +258,7 @@
         mRequestorPackageName = null;
         mSubIds = new ArraySet<>();
         mUnderlyingNetworks = null;
+        mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel = 0;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -224,6 +291,7 @@
         // mUnderlyingNetworks is an unmodifiable list if non-null, so a defensive copy is not
         // necessary.
         mUnderlyingNetworks = nc.mUnderlyingNetworks;
+        mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel = nc.mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -274,6 +342,7 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM,
             NET_CAPABILITY_BIP,
             NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -512,8 +581,13 @@
      */
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT = 32;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this network has ability to support MMTEL (Multimedia Telephony service).
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -710,6 +784,38 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Adds the given enterprise capability sub level to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
+     * Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities sub level
+     * requested must be satisfied.
+     *
+     * @param enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel the enterprise capability sub level to be added.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private @NonNull NetworkCapabilities addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(
+            @EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+        checkValidEnterpriseCapabilitySublevel(enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+        mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel |= 1 << enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes (if found) the given enterprise capability sublevel from this
+     * {@code NetworkCapability} instance that were added via addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(int)
+     *
+     * @param enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel the enterprise capability sublevel to be removed.
+     * @return This NetworkCapabilities instance, to facilitate chaining.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private @NonNull NetworkCapabilities removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(
+            @EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel  int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+        checkValidEnterpriseCapabilitySublevel(enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+        final int mask = ~(1 << enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+        mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel &= mask;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set the underlying networks of this network.
      *
      * @param networks The underlying networks of this network.
@@ -809,6 +915,22 @@
         return null;
     }
 
+    private boolean equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        return nc.mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel == this.mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
+    }
+
+    private boolean satisfiedByEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        final int requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel = mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
+        final int providedEnterpriseCapabailitiesSubLevel = nc.mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel;
+
+        if ((providedEnterpriseCapabailitiesSubLevel & requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel)
+                == requestedEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     private boolean satisfiedByNetCapabilities(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc,
             boolean onlyImmutable) {
         long requestedCapabilities = mNetworkCapabilities;
@@ -1714,6 +1836,7 @@
                 && satisfiedByTransportTypes(nc)
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByLinkBandwidths(nc))
                 && satisfiedBySpecifier(nc)
+                && satisfiedByEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel(nc)
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySignalStrength(nc))
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedByUids(nc))
                 && (onlyImmutable || satisfiedBySSID(nc))
@@ -1816,7 +1939,8 @@
                 && equalsRequestor(that)
                 && equalsAdministratorUids(that)
                 && equalsSubscriptionIds(that)
-                && equalsUnderlyingNetworks(that);
+                && equalsUnderlyingNetworks(that)
+                && equalsEnterpriseCapabilitiesSubLevel(that);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -1840,7 +1964,8 @@
                 + Objects.hashCode(mRequestorPackageName) * 59
                 + Arrays.hashCode(mAdministratorUids) * 61
                 + Objects.hashCode(mSubIds) * 67
-                + Objects.hashCode(mUnderlyingNetworks) * 71;
+                + Objects.hashCode(mUnderlyingNetworks) * 71
+                + mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel * 73;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -1876,6 +2001,7 @@
         dest.writeString(mRequestorPackageName);
         dest.writeIntArray(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(mSubIds));
         dest.writeTypedList(mUnderlyingNetworks);
+        dest.writeInt(mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
     }
 
     public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkCapabilities> CREATOR =
@@ -1905,6 +2031,7 @@
                     netCap.mSubIds.add(subIdInts[i]);
                 }
                 netCap.setUnderlyingNetworks(in.createTypedArrayList(Network.CREATOR));
+                netCap.mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel = in.readInt();
                 return netCap;
             }
             @Override
@@ -1996,6 +2123,12 @@
             sb.append(" SubscriptionIds: ").append(mSubIds);
         }
 
+        if (0 != mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+            sb.append(" EnterpriseCapabilitySublevel: ");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, mEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::enterpriseCapabilitySublevelNameOf, "&");
+        }
+
         sb.append(" UnderlyingNetworks: ");
         if (mUnderlyingNetworks != null) {
             sb.append("[");
@@ -2090,10 +2223,16 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM:                 return "VSIM";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_BIP:                  return "BIP";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_HEAD_UNIT:            return "HEAD_UNIT";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL:                return "MMTEL";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
 
+    private static @NonNull String enterpriseCapabilitySublevelNameOf(
+            @NetCapability int capability) {
+        return Integer.toString(capability);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @hide
      */
@@ -2134,6 +2273,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static boolean isValidEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+        return enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel >= NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1
+                && enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel <= NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidEnterpriseCapabilitySublevel(
+            @NetworkCapabilities.EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+        if (!isValidEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("enterprise capability sublevel "
+                    + enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel + " is out of range");
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Check if this {@code NetworkCapability} instance is metered.
      *
@@ -2460,6 +2613,37 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Adds the given enterprise capability sub level.
+         * Note that when searching for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities sub level
+         * requested must be satisfied. Enterprise capability sub-level is applicable only
+         * for NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE capability
+         *
+         * @param enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel enterprise capability sub-level.
+         *
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(
+                @EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel  int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+            mCaps.addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes the given enterprise capability sub level. Enterprise capability sub-level is
+         * applicable only for NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE capability
+         *
+         * @param enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel the enterprise capability subLevel
+         * @return this builder
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(
+                @EnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel  int enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel) {
+            mCaps.removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(enterpriseCapabilitySubLevel);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Sets the owner UID.
          *
          * The default value is {@link Process#INVALID_UID}. Pass this value to reset.
@@ -2717,6 +2901,12 @@
                             + " administrator UIDs.");
                 }
             }
+
+            if ((mCaps.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels().length != 0)
+                    && !mCaps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Enterprise capability sublevel is applicable only"
+                        + " with ENTERPRISE capability.");
+            }
             return new NetworkCapabilities(mCaps);
         }
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java b/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ce1698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ProfileNetworkPreference.java
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * Network preferences to be set for the user profile
+ * {@link ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy}.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class ProfileNetworkPreference implements Parcelable {
+    private final @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int mPreference;
+
+    private ProfileNetworkPreference(int preference) {
+        mPreference = preference;
+    }
+
+    private ProfileNetworkPreference(Parcel in) {
+        mPreference = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    public int getPreference() {
+        return mPreference;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ProfileNetworkPreference{"
+                + "mPreference=" + getPreference()
+                + '}';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        final ProfileNetworkPreference that = (ProfileNetworkPreference) o;
+        return mPreference == that.mPreference;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return mPreference;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to create {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} objects.
+     * Specify the preferred Network preference
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private @ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int mPreference =
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructs an empty Builder with PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT profile preference
+         */
+        public Builder() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Set the profile network preference
+         * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
+         * behaviors. Default value is PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT.
+         * @param preference  the desired network preference to use
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setPreference(@ProfileNetworkPreferencePolicy int preference) {
+            mPreference = preference;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns an instance of {@link ProfileNetworkPreference} created from the
+         * fields set on this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public ProfileNetworkPreference  build() {
+            return new ProfileNetworkPreference(mPreference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mPreference);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<ProfileNetworkPreference> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<ProfileNetworkPreference>() {
+                @Override
+                public ProfileNetworkPreference[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ProfileNetworkPreference[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public ProfileNetworkPreference  createFromParcel(
+                        @NonNull android.os.Parcel in) {
+                    return new ProfileNetworkPreference(in);
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java
index fad3144..df5f151 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -86,16 +86,26 @@
     private final String mInterface;
 
 
-    /** Unicast route. @hide */
-    @SystemApi
+    /**
+     * Unicast route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that destination is reachable directly or via gateway.
+     **/
     public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1;
 
-    /** Unreachable route. @hide */
-    @SystemApi
+    /**
+     * Unreachable route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that destination is unreachable.
+     **/
     public static final int RTN_UNREACHABLE = 7;
 
-    /** Throw route. @hide */
-    @SystemApi
+    /**
+     * Throw route.
+     *
+     * Indicates that routing information about this destination is not in this table.
+     * Routing lookup should continue in another table.
+     **/
     public static final int RTN_THROW = 9;
 
     /**
@@ -391,10 +401,7 @@
      * Retrieves the type of this route.
      *
      * @return The type of this route; one of the {@code RTN_xxx} constants defined in this class.
-     *
-     * @hide
      */
-    @SystemApi
     @RouteType
     public int getType() {
         return mType;
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index 1f87848..76f9153 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,33 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// The library name match the service-connectivity jarjar rules that put the JNI utils in the
+// com.android.connectivity.com.android.net.module.util package.
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libcom_android_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libservice-connectivity",
     min_sdk_version: "30",
@@ -69,6 +96,7 @@
         "modules-utils-build",
         "modules-utils-shell-command-handler",
         "net-utils-device-common",
+        "net-utils-device-common-bpf",
         "net-utils-device-common-netlink",
         "net-utils-framework-common",
         "netd-client",
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
index 43a3f41..9850a35 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-ta/strings.xml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 <resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
-    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"சிஸ்டம் இணைப்பு மூலங்கள்"</string>
+    <string name="connectivityResourcesAppLabel" msgid="2476261877900882974">"சிஸ்டம் இணைப்பு தகவல்கள்"</string>
     <string name="wifi_available_sign_in" msgid="8041178343789805553">"வைஃபை நெட்வொர்க்கில் உள்நுழையவும்"</string>
     <string name="network_available_sign_in" msgid="2622520134876355561">"நெட்வொர்க்கில் உள்நுழையவும்"</string>
     <!-- no translation found for network_available_sign_in_detailed (8439369644697866359) -->
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d17622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_net_module_util/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "com/android/connectivity/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 6227bb2..d625d1b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkWatchlistManager;
 import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
 import android.net.PrivateDnsConfigParcel;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.QosCallbackException;
 import android.net.QosFilter;
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkOffer;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkRanker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.ProfileNetworkPreferences;
+import com.android.server.connectivity.ProfileNetworkPreferenceList;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ProxyTracker;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.QosCallbackTracker;
 
@@ -4041,11 +4042,11 @@
                 config = new NativeNetworkConfig(nai.network.getNetId(), NativeNetworkType.VIRTUAL,
                         INetd.PERMISSION_NONE,
                         (nai.networkAgentConfig == null || !nai.networkAgentConfig.allowBypass),
-                        getVpnType(nai));
+                        getVpnType(nai), /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
             } else {
                 config = new NativeNetworkConfig(nai.network.getNetId(), NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL,
                         getNetworkPermission(nai.networkCapabilities), /*secure=*/ false,
-                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE);
+                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
             }
             mNetd.networkCreate(config);
             mDnsResolver.createNetworkCache(nai.network.getNetId());
@@ -5046,9 +5047,10 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE: {
-                    final Pair<ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference, IOnCompleteListener> arg =
-                            (Pair<ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference, IOnCompleteListener>)
-                                    msg.obj;
+                    final Pair<List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>,
+                            IOnCompleteListener> arg =
+                            (Pair<List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>,
+                                    IOnCompleteListener>) msg.obj;
                     handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(arg.first, arg.second);
                     break;
                 }
@@ -5671,7 +5673,8 @@
     private void onUserRemoved(@NonNull final UserHandle user) {
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(user);
         // If there was a network preference for this user, remove it.
-        handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(new ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference(user, null),
+        handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(
+                List.of(new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference(user, null, true)),
                 null /* listener */);
         if (mOemNetworkPreferences.getNetworkPreferences().size() > 0) {
             handleSetOemNetworkPreference(mOemNetworkPreferences, null);
@@ -6605,7 +6608,8 @@
     // Current per-profile network preferences. This object follows the same threading rules as
     // the OEM network preferences above.
     @NonNull
-    private ProfileNetworkPreferences mProfileNetworkPreferences = new ProfileNetworkPreferences();
+    private ProfileNetworkPreferenceList mProfileNetworkPreferences =
+            new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList();
 
     // A set of UIDs that should use mobile data preferentially if available. This object follows
     // the same threading rules as the OEM network preferences above.
@@ -10103,19 +10107,26 @@
      * See the documentation for the individual preferences for a description of the supported
      * behaviors.
      *
-     * @param profile the profile concerned.
-     * @param preference the preference for this profile, as one of the PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_*
-     *                   constants.
+     * @param profile the user profile for whih the preference is being set.
+     * @param preferences the list of profile network preferences for the
+     *        provided profile.
      * @param listener an optional listener to listen for completion of the operation.
      */
     @Override
-    public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull final UserHandle profile,
-            @ConnectivityManager.ProfileNetworkPreference final int preference,
+    public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(
+            @NonNull final UserHandle profile,
+            @NonNull List<ProfileNetworkPreference> preferences,
             @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(preferences);
         Objects.requireNonNull(profile);
+
+        if (preferences.size() == 0) {
+            preferences.add((new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder()).build());
+        }
+
         PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
         if (DBG) {
-            log("setProfileNetworkPreference " + profile + " to " + preference);
+            log("setProfileNetworkPreferences " + profile + " to " + preferences);
         }
         if (profile.getIdentifier() < 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must explicitly specify a user handle ("
@@ -10126,23 +10137,33 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Profile must be a managed profile");
         }
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc;
-        switch (preference) {
-            case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT:
-                nc = null;
-                break;
-            case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE:
-                final UidRange uids = UidRange.createForUser(profile);
-                nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUidRange(uids);
-                nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
-                nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
-                break;
-            default:
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                        "Invalid preference in setProfileNetworkPreference");
+        final List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference> preferenceList =
+                new ArrayList<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference>();
+        boolean allowFallback = true;
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreference preference : preferences) {
+            final NetworkCapabilities nc;
+            switch (preference.getPreference()) {
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT:
+                    nc = null;
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK:
+                    allowFallback = false;
+                    // continue to process the enterprise preference.
+                case ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE:
+                    final UidRange uids = UidRange.createForUser(profile);
+                    nc = createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUidRange(uids);
+                    nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
+                    nc.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "Invalid preference in setProfileNetworkPreferences");
+            }
+            preferenceList.add(new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference(
+                    profile, nc, allowFallback));
         }
         mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_SET_PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE,
-                new Pair<>(new ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference(profile, nc), listener)));
+                new Pair<>(preferenceList, listener)));
     }
 
     private void validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(
@@ -10152,20 +10173,20 @@
     }
 
     private ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> createNrisFromProfileNetworkPreferences(
-            @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreferences prefs) {
+            @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList prefs) {
         final ArraySet<NetworkRequestInfo> result = new ArraySet<>();
-        for (final ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference pref : prefs.preferences) {
-            // The NRI for a user should be comprised of two layers:
-            // - The request for the capabilities
-            // - The request for the default network, for fallback. Create an image of it to
-            //   have the correct UIDs in it (also a request can only be part of one NRI, because
-            //   of lookups in 1:1 associations like mNetworkRequests).
-            // Note that denying a fallback can be implemented simply by not adding the second
-            // request.
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference pref : prefs.preferences) {
+            // The NRI for a user should contain the request for capabilities.
+            // If fallback to default network is needed then NRI should include
+            // the request for the default network. Create an image of it to
+            // have the correct UIDs in it (also a request can only be part of one NRI, because
+            // of lookups in 1:1 associations like mNetworkRequests).
             final ArrayList<NetworkRequest> nrs = new ArrayList<>();
             nrs.add(createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, pref.capabilities));
-            nrs.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
-                    TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+            if (pref.allowFallback) {
+                nrs.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
+                        TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
+            }
             setNetworkRequestUids(nrs, UidRange.fromIntRanges(pref.capabilities.getUids()));
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(Process.myUid(), nrs,
                     PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE);
@@ -10175,11 +10196,12 @@
     }
 
     private void handleSetProfileNetworkPreference(
-            @NonNull final ProfileNetworkPreferences.Preference preference,
+            @NonNull final List<ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference> preferenceList,
             @Nullable final IOnCompleteListener listener) {
-        validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(preference.capabilities);
-
-        mProfileNetworkPreferences = mProfileNetworkPreferences.plus(preference);
+        for (final ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.Preference preference : preferenceList) {
+            validateNetworkCapabilitiesOfProfileNetworkPreference(preference.capabilities);
+            mProfileNetworkPreferences = mProfileNetworkPreferences.plus(preference);
+        }
         removeDefaultNetworkRequestsForPreference(PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE);
         addPerAppDefaultNetworkRequests(
                 createNrisFromProfileNetworkPreferences(mProfileNetworkPreferences));
@@ -10235,12 +10257,8 @@
     }
 
     private void enforceAutomotiveDevice() {
-        final boolean isAutomotiveDevice =
-                mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE);
-        if (!isAutomotiveDevice) {
-            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
-                    "setOemNetworkPreference() is only available on automotive devices.");
-        }
+        PermissionUtils.enforceSystemFeature(mContext, PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE,
+                "setOemNetworkPreference() is only available on automotive devices.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -10566,4 +10584,94 @@
             return createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, netcap);
         }
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkAllowList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.bandwidthAddNiceApp(uid);
+            } else {
+                mNetd.bandwidthRemoveNiceApp(uid);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(final int uid, final boolean add) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            if (add) {
+                mNetd.bandwidthAddNaughtyApp(uid);
+            } else {
+                mNetd.bandwidthRemoveNaughtyApp(uid);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid, final boolean allow) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            mNetd.firewallSetUidRule(chain, uid,
+                    allow ? INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain, final boolean enable) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            mNetd.firewallEnableChildChain(chain, enable);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void replaceFirewallChain(final int chain, final int[] uids) {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+
+        try {
+            switch (chain) {
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
+                    mNetd.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_dozable", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:
+                    mNetd.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_standby", false /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
+                    mNetd.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_powersave", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
+                    mNetd.firewallReplaceUidChain("fw_restricted", true /* isAllowList */, uids);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("replaceFirewallChain with invalid chain: "
+                            + chain);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void swapActiveStatsMap() {
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
+        try {
+            mNetd.trafficSwapActiveStatsMap();
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferences.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java
similarity index 80%
rename from service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferences.java
rename to service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java
index dd2815d..71f342d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferences.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ProfileNetworkPreferenceList.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  *
  * A given profile can only have one preference.
  */
-public class ProfileNetworkPreferences {
+public class ProfileNetworkPreferenceList {
     /**
      * A single preference, as it applies to a given user profile.
      */
@@ -38,26 +38,32 @@
         @NonNull public final UserHandle user;
         // Capabilities are only null when sending an object to remove the setting for a user
         @Nullable public final NetworkCapabilities capabilities;
+        public final boolean allowFallback;
 
         public Preference(@NonNull final UserHandle user,
-                @Nullable final NetworkCapabilities capabilities) {
+                @Nullable final NetworkCapabilities capabilities,
+                final boolean allowFallback) {
             this.user = user;
             this.capabilities = null == capabilities ? null : new NetworkCapabilities(capabilities);
+            this.allowFallback = allowFallback;
         }
 
         /** toString */
         public String toString() {
-            return "[ProfileNetworkPreference user=" + user + " caps=" + capabilities + "]";
+            return "[ProfileNetworkPreference user=" + user
+                    + " caps=" + capabilities
+                    + " allowFallback=" + allowFallback
+                    + "]";
         }
     }
 
     @NonNull public final List<Preference> preferences;
 
-    public ProfileNetworkPreferences() {
+    public ProfileNetworkPreferenceList() {
         preferences = Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
     }
 
-    private ProfileNetworkPreferences(@NonNull final List<Preference> list) {
+    private ProfileNetworkPreferenceList(@NonNull final List<Preference> list) {
         preferences = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
     }
 
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@
      * preference. Passing a Preference object containing a null capabilities object is equivalent
      * to (and indeed, implemented as) removing the preference for this user.
      */
-    public ProfileNetworkPreferences plus(@NonNull final Preference pref) {
+    public ProfileNetworkPreferenceList plus(@NonNull final Preference pref) {
         final ArrayList<Preference> newPrefs = new ArrayList<>();
         for (final Preference existingPref : preferences) {
             if (!existingPref.user.equals(pref.user)) {
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@
         if (null != pref.capabilities) {
             newPrefs.add(pref);
         }
-        return new ProfileNetworkPreferences(newPrefs);
+        return new ProfileNetworkPreferenceList(newPrefs);
     }
 
     public boolean isEmpty() {
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index aadb7a5..f1897f5 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@
     name: "ConnectivityCoverageTests",
     // Tethering started on SDK 30
     min_sdk_version: "30",
-    // TODO: change to 31 as soon as it is available
-    target_sdk_version: "30",
+    target_sdk_version: "31",
     test_suites: ["general-tests", "mts-tethering"],
     defaults: [
         "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
index 50ecb42..f61c8c3 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@
 
         p = new IpPrefix("[2001:db8::123]/64");
         assertEquals("2001:db8::/64", p.toString());
+
+        p = new IpPrefix(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::128"), 64);
+        assertEquals("::/64", p.toString());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
index afaae1c..ed9995c 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -48,9 +48,16 @@
                 setBypassableVpn(true)
             }
         }.build()
+        // This test can be run as unit test against the latest system image, as CTS to verify
+        // an Android release that is as recent as the test, or as MTS to verify the
+        // Connectivity module. In the first two cases NetworkAgentConfig will be as recent
+        // as the test. In the last case, starting from S NetworkAgentConfig is updated as part
+        // of Connectivity, so it is also as recent as the test. For MTS on Q and R,
+        // NetworkAgentConfig is not updatable, so it may have a different number of fields.
         if (isAtLeastS()) {
-            // From S, the config will have 12 items
-            assertParcelSane(config, 12)
+            // When this test is run on S+, NetworkAgentConfig is as recent as the test,
+            // so this should be the most recent known number of fields.
+            assertParcelSane(config, 13)
         } else {
             // For R or below, the config will have 10 items
             assertParcelSane(config, 10)
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 32f00a3..2a4df7a 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
@@ -347,7 +353,7 @@
         if (isAtLeastS()) {
             // When this test is run on S+, NetworkCapabilities is as recent as the test,
             // so this should be the most recent known number of fields.
-            assertParcelSane(cap, 17);
+            assertParcelSane(cap, 18);
         } else if (isAtLeastR()) {
             assertParcelSane(cap, 15);
         } else {
@@ -797,6 +803,87 @@
         } catch (IllegalStateException expected) { }
     }
 
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public void testEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel() {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(1, nc1.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1,
+                nc1.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[0]);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(2, nc2.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1,
+                nc2.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[0]);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2,
+                nc2.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[1]);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc3 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(5, nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels().length);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[0]);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[1]);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_3,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[2]);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_4,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[3]);
+        assertEquals(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_5,
+                nc3.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels()[4]);
+
+        final Class<IllegalArgumentException> illegalArgumentExceptionClass =
+                IllegalArgumentException.class;
+        assertThrows(illegalArgumentExceptionClass, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(6)
+                .build());
+        assertThrows(illegalArgumentExceptionClass, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(6)
+                .build());
+
+        final Class<IllegalStateException> illegalStateException =
+                IllegalStateException.class;
+        assertThrows(illegalStateException, () -> new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .build());
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc4 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals(0, nc4.getEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevels().length);
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc5 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CBS)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .addEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_1)
+                .removeEnterpriseCapabilitySubLevel(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE_SUB_LEVEL_2)
+                .build();
+
+        assertTrue(nc4.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc1));
+        assertFalse(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc4));
+
+        assertFalse(nc3.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc2));
+        assertTrue(nc2.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc3));
+
+        assertFalse(nc1.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc5));
+        assertFalse(nc5.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc1));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testWifiAwareNetworkSpecifier() {
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities()
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
index 626a344..ff5de1d 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkProviderTest.kt
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.isDevSdkInRange
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Before
-import org.junit.Ignore
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -205,7 +204,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Ignore("Temporarily disable the test since prebuilt Connectivity module is not updated.")
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
     @Test
     fun testRegisterNetworkOffer() {
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
index 71689f9..b69b045 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_THROW;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
@@ -329,6 +331,16 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testRouteTypes() {
+        RouteInfo r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNREACHABLE);
+        assertEquals(RTN_UNREACHABLE, r.getType());
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_UNICAST);
+        assertEquals(RTN_UNICAST, r.getType());
+        r = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), RTN_THROW);
+        assertEquals(RTN_THROW, r.getType());
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testTruncation() {
       LinkAddress l;
       RouteInfo r;
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
index f72a458..b684068 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
         "cts-tradefed",
         "tradefed",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-build-testing",
+    ],
     // Tag this module as a cts test artifact
     test_suites: [
         "cts",
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
index 63572c3..12e7d33 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/Android.bp
@@ -18,12 +18,8 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-android_test_helper_app {
-    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
-    defaults: [
-        "cts_support_defaults",
-        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
-    ],
+java_defaults {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
     platform_apis: true,
     static_libs: [
         "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAidl",
@@ -48,3 +44,28 @@
         "sts",
     ],
 }
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiStableShims",
+    ],
+}
+
+android_test_helper_app {
+    name: "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext",
+    defaults: [
+        "cts_support_defaults",
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppDefaults",
+        "ConnectivityNextEnableDefaults",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NetworkStackApiCurrentShims",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
index e5bae5f..d56e5d4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index 1b52ec4..5309e02 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import android.os.BatteryManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.RemoteCallback;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.provider.DeviceConfig;
 import android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService;
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@
 
     private static final int ACTIVITY_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 6_000;
     private static final int JOB_NETWORK_STATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+    private static final int LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
 
     // Must be higher than NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS
     private static final int ORDERED_BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MS = NETWORK_TIMEOUT_MS * 4;
@@ -798,6 +800,22 @@
         mDeviceIdleDeviceConfigStateHelper.restoreOriginalValues();
     }
 
+    protected void launchActivity() throws Exception {
+        turnScreenOn();
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final Intent launchIntent = getIntentForComponent(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+        final RemoteCallback callback = new RemoteCallback(result -> latch.countDown());
+        launchIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REMOTE_CALLBACK, callback);
+        mContext.startActivity(launchIntent);
+        // There might be a race when app2 is launched but ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY has not registered
+        // before test calls finishActivity(). When the issue is happened, there is no way to fix
+        // it, so have a callback design to make sure that the app is launched completely and
+        // ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY will be registered before leaving this method.
+        if (!latch.await(LAUNCH_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+            fail("Timed out waiting for launching activity");
+        }
+    }
+
     protected void launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(int type) throws Exception {
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(type, true);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
index 7d3d4fc..449454e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/MyVpnService.java
@@ -17,18 +17,27 @@
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.VpnService;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.VpnServiceBuilderShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.VpnServiceBuilderShim;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 public class MyVpnService extends VpnService {
 
@@ -38,6 +47,9 @@
     public static final String ACTION_ESTABLISHED = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.ESTABNLISHED";
     public static final String EXTRA_ALWAYS_ON = "is-always-on";
     public static final String EXTRA_LOCKDOWN_ENABLED = "is-lockdown-enabled";
+    public static final String CMD_CONNECT = "connect";
+    public static final String CMD_DISCONNECT = "disconnect";
+    public static final String CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS = "update_underlying_networks";
 
     private ParcelFileDescriptor mFd = null;
     private PacketReflector mPacketReflector = null;
@@ -46,48 +58,80 @@
     public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
         String packageName = getPackageName();
         String cmd = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".cmd");
-        if ("disconnect".equals(cmd)) {
+        if (CMD_DISCONNECT.equals(cmd)) {
             stop();
-        } else if ("connect".equals(cmd)) {
+        } else if (CMD_CONNECT.equals(cmd)) {
             start(packageName, intent);
+        } else if (CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS.equals(cmd)) {
+            updateUnderlyingNetworks(packageName, intent);
         }
 
         return START_NOT_STICKY;
     }
 
-    private void start(String packageName, Intent intent) {
-        Builder builder = new Builder();
+    private void updateUnderlyingNetworks(String packageName, Intent intent) {
+        final ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks =
+                intent.getParcelableArrayListExtra(packageName + ".underlyingNetworks");
+        setUnderlyingNetworks(
+                (underlyingNetworks != null) ? underlyingNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]) : null);
+    }
 
-        String addresses = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".addresses");
-        if (addresses != null) {
-            String[] addressArray = addresses.split(",");
-            for (int i = 0; i < addressArray.length; i++) {
-                String[] prefixAndMask = addressArray[i].split("/");
-                try {
-                    InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(prefixAndMask[0]);
-                    int prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(prefixAndMask[1]);
-                    builder.addAddress(address, prefixLength);
-                } catch (UnknownHostException|NumberFormatException|
-                         ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
+    private String parseIpAndMaskListArgument(String packageName, Intent intent, String argName,
+            BiConsumer<InetAddress, Integer> consumer) {
+        final String addresses = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + "." + argName);
+
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(addresses)) {
+            return null;
         }
 
-        String routes = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".routes");
-        if (routes != null) {
-            String[] routeArray = routes.split(",");
-            for (int i = 0; i < routeArray.length; i++) {
-                String[] prefixAndMask = routeArray[i].split("/");
+        final String[] addressesArray = addresses.split(",");
+        for (String address : addressesArray) {
+            final Pair<InetAddress, Integer> ipAndMask = NetworkUtils.parseIpAndMask(address);
+            consumer.accept(ipAndMask.first, ipAndMask.second);
+        }
+
+        return addresses;
+    }
+
+    private String parseIpPrefixListArgument(String packageName, Intent intent, String argName,
+            Consumer<IpPrefix> consumer) {
+        return parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, argName,
+                (inetAddress, prefixLength) -> consumer.accept(
+                        new IpPrefix(inetAddress, prefixLength)));
+    }
+
+    private void start(String packageName, Intent intent) {
+        Builder builder = new Builder();
+        VpnServiceBuilderShim vpnServiceBuilderShim = VpnServiceBuilderShimImpl.newInstance();
+
+        final String addresses = parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, "addresses",
+                builder::addAddress);
+
+        String addedRoutes;
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && intent.getBooleanExtra(packageName + ".addRoutesByIpPrefix",
+                false)) {
+            addedRoutes = parseIpPrefixListArgument(packageName, intent, "routes", (prefix) -> {
                 try {
-                    InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(prefixAndMask[0]);
-                    int prefixLength = Integer.parseInt(prefixAndMask[1]);
-                    builder.addRoute(address, prefixLength);
-                } catch (UnknownHostException|NumberFormatException|
-                         ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
-                    continue;
+                    vpnServiceBuilderShim.addRoute(builder, prefix);
+                } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                 }
-            }
+            });
+        } else {
+            addedRoutes = parseIpAndMaskListArgument(packageName, intent, "routes",
+                    builder::addRoute);
+        }
+
+        String excludedRoutes = null;
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            excludedRoutes = parseIpPrefixListArgument(packageName, intent, "excludedRoutes",
+                    (prefix) -> {
+                        try {
+                            vpnServiceBuilderShim.excludeRoute(builder, prefix);
+                        } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException e) {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                        }
+                    });
         }
 
         String allowed = intent.getStringExtra(packageName + ".allowedapplications");
@@ -140,7 +184,8 @@
 
         Log.i(TAG, "Establishing VPN,"
                 + " addresses=" + addresses
-                + " routes=" + routes
+                + " addedRoutes=" + addedRoutes
+                + " excludedRoutes=" + excludedRoutes
                 + " allowedApplications=" + allowed
                 + " disallowedApplications=" + disallowed);
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index ad7ec9e..a0d88c9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -18,37 +18,28 @@
 
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
+import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.NetworkPolicyTestUtils.setRestrictBackground;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.BATTERY_SAVER_MODE;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.Property.DATA_SAVER_MODE;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class NetworkPolicyManagerTest extends AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase {
     private static final boolean METERED = true;
     private static final boolean NON_METERED = false;
 
-    @Rule
-    public final MeterednessConfigurationRule mMeterednessConfiguration =
-            new MeterednessConfigurationRule();
-
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         super.setUp();
 
-        assumeTrue(canChangeActiveNetworkMeteredness());
-
         registerBroadcastReceiver();
 
         removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
@@ -145,13 +136,14 @@
             removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
 
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and mUid will be allowed temporarily.
-            launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+            launchActivity();
             assertForegroundState();
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     false /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_ALLOWED_TMP_ALLOWLIST
 
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
+            assertBackgroundState();
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED,
                     true /* expectedResult */); // Match NTWK_BLOCKED_BG_RESTRICT
         } finally {
@@ -222,26 +214,27 @@
             // enabled and mUid is not in the restrict background whitelist and TEST_APP2_PKG is not
             // in the foreground. For other cases, it will return false.
             setRestrictBackground(true);
-            assertTrue(isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid));
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, true /* expectedResult */);
 
             // Make TEST_APP2_PKG go to foreground and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will
             // return false.
-            launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
+            launchActivity();
             assertForegroundState();
-            assertFalse(isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid));
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
             // Back to background.
             finishActivity();
+            assertBackgroundState();
 
             // Add mUid into restrict background whitelist and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks()
             // will return false.
             addRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
-            assertFalse(isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid));
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
             removeRestrictBackgroundWhitelist(mUid);
         } finally {
             // Restrict background is disabled and isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks() will return
             // false.
             setRestrictBackground(false);
-            assertFalse(isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid));
+            assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(mUid, false /* expectedResult */);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
index 89a9bd6..9c4a348 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/NetworkPolicyTestUtils.java
@@ -439,6 +439,11 @@
         PollingCheck.waitFor(() -> (expectedResult == isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, metered)));
     }
 
+    public static void assertIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(int uid, boolean expectedResult)
+            throws Exception {
+        PollingCheck.waitFor(() -> (expectedResult == isUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(uid)));
+    }
+
     public static boolean isUidNetworkingBlocked(int uid, boolean meteredNetwork) {
         final UiAutomation uiAutomation = getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
         try {
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
index 5f0f6d6..4266aad 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/RestrictedModeTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         super.setUp();
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
     }
 
     @After
@@ -34,8 +35,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
-        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
-
         // go to foreground state and enable restricted mode
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
@@ -54,4 +53,18 @@
         finishActivity();
         assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
+        setBatterySaverMode(true);
+        addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(true);
+        // App would be denied network access since Restricted mode is on.
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(false);
+        setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
+        // Given that Restricted mode is turned off, app should be able to access network again.
+        assertBackgroundNetworkAccess(true);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index 3abc4fb..916b566 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package com.android.cts.net.hostside;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_TELEPHONY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.FEATURE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
@@ -33,12 +35,14 @@
 import static androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.Activity;
@@ -65,7 +69,9 @@
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.net.VpnService;
 import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
+import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils;
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
@@ -80,6 +86,7 @@
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
 import android.system.StructPollfd;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.test.MoreAsserts;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -88,10 +95,14 @@
 
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.BlockingBroadcastReceiver;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -151,6 +162,7 @@
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME = "hostname";
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC = "opportunistic";
     private static final String PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER_SETTING = "private_dns_specifier";
+    private static final int NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
 
     public static String TAG = "VpnTest";
     public static int TIMEOUT_MS = 3 * 1000;
@@ -163,6 +175,9 @@
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
     private WifiManager mWifiManager;
     private RemoteSocketFactoryClient mRemoteSocketFactoryClient;
+    private CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils;
+    private PackageManager mPackageManager;
+    private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
 
     Network mNetwork;
     NetworkCallback mCallback;
@@ -172,6 +187,9 @@
     private String mOldPrivateDnsMode;
     private String mOldPrivateDnsSpecifier;
 
+    @Rule
+    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mDevSdkIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
+
     private boolean supportedHardware() {
         final PackageManager pm = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
         return !pm.hasSystemFeature("android.hardware.type.watch");
@@ -201,6 +219,10 @@
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient = new RemoteSocketFactoryClient(mActivity);
         mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.bind();
         mDevice.waitForIdle();
+        mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(getInstrumentation().getContext());
+        mPackageManager = getInstrumentation().getContext().getPackageManager();
+        mTelephonyManager =
+                getInstrumentation().getContext().getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
     }
 
     @After
@@ -210,6 +232,7 @@
         if (mCallback != null) {
             mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(mCallback);
         }
+        mCtsNetUtils.tearDown();
         Log.i(TAG, "Stopping VPN");
         stopVpn();
         mActivity.finish();
@@ -266,11 +289,63 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void updateUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_UPDATE_UNDERLYING_NETWORKS)
+                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
+                        mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks);
+        mActivity.startService(intent);
+    }
+
+    private void establishVpn(String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo, @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks,
+            boolean isAlwaysMetered, boolean addRoutesByIpPrefix)
+            throws Exception {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_CONNECT)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addresses", TextUtils.join(",", addresses))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".routes", TextUtils.join(",", routes))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".excludedRoutes", TextUtils.join(",", excludedRoutes))
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".allowedapplications", allowedApplications)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".disallowedapplications", disallowedApplications)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".httpProxy", proxyInfo)
+                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
+                        mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", isAlwaysMetered)
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addRoutesByIpPrefix", addRoutesByIpPrefix);
+        mActivity.startService(intent);
+    }
+
     // TODO: Consider replacing arguments with a Builder.
     private void startVpn(
-        String[] addresses, String[] routes, String allowedApplications,
-        String disallowedApplications, @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
-        @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered) throws Exception {
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String allowedApplications,
+            String disallowedApplications, @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered)
+            throws Exception {
+        startVpn(addresses, routes, new String[0] /* excludedRoutes */, allowedApplications,
+                disallowedApplications, proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered);
+    }
+
+    private void startVpn(
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered)
+            throws Exception {
+        startVpn(addresses, routes, new String[0] /* excludedRoutes */, allowedApplications,
+                disallowedApplications, proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered,
+                false /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
+    }
+
+    private void startVpn(
+            String[] addresses, String[] routes, String[] excludedRoutes,
+            String allowedApplications, String disallowedApplications,
+            @Nullable ProxyInfo proxyInfo,
+            @Nullable ArrayList<Network> underlyingNetworks, boolean isAlwaysMetered,
+            boolean addRoutesByIpPrefix)
+            throws Exception {
         prepareVpn();
 
         // Register a callback so we will be notified when our VPN comes up.
@@ -291,18 +366,8 @@
         mCM.registerNetworkCallback(request, mCallback);  // Unregistered in tearDown.
 
         // Start the service and wait up for TIMEOUT_MS ms for the VPN to come up.
-        Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", "connect")
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".addresses", TextUtils.join(",", addresses))
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".routes", TextUtils.join(",", routes))
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".allowedapplications", allowedApplications)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".disallowedapplications", disallowedApplications)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".httpProxy", proxyInfo)
-                .putParcelableArrayListExtra(
-                    mPackageName + ".underlyingNetworks", underlyingNetworks)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".isAlwaysMetered", isAlwaysMetered);
-
-        mActivity.startService(intent);
+        establishVpn(addresses, routes, excludedRoutes, allowedApplications, disallowedApplications,
+                proxyInfo, underlyingNetworks, isAlwaysMetered, addRoutesByIpPrefix);
         synchronized (mLock) {
             if (mNetwork == null) {
                  Log.i(TAG, "bf mLock");
@@ -344,7 +409,7 @@
         // and stopping a bound service has no effect. Instead, "start" the service again with an
         // Intent that tells it to disconnect.
         Intent intent = new Intent(mActivity, MyVpnService.class)
-                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", "disconnect");
+                .putExtra(mPackageName + ".cmd", MyVpnService.CMD_DISCONNECT);
         mActivity.startService(intent);
         synchronized (mLockShutdown) {
             try {
@@ -522,6 +587,12 @@
     }
 
     private void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom) throws IOException {
+        checkUdpEcho(to, expectedFrom, expectedFrom != null);
+    }
+
+    private void checkUdpEcho(String to, String expectedFrom,
+            boolean expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible)
+            throws IOException {
         DatagramSocket s;
         InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(to);
         if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {  // http://b/18094870
@@ -545,7 +616,7 @@
         try {
             if (expectedFrom != null) {
                 s.send(p);
-                checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, true);
+                checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible);
                 s.receive(p);
                 MoreAsserts.assertEquals(data, p.getData());
             } else {
@@ -554,7 +625,7 @@
                     s.receive(p);
                     fail("Received unexpected reply");
                 } catch (IOException expected) {
-                    checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, false);
+                    checkConnectionOwnerUidUdp(s, expectConnectionOwnerIsVisible);
                 }
             }
         } finally {
@@ -562,19 +633,38 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void checkTrafficOnVpn(String destination) throws Exception {
+        final InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(destination);
+
+        if (address instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            checkUdpEcho(destination, "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
+            checkTcpReflection(destination, "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
+            checkPing(destination);
+        } else {
+            checkUdpEcho(destination, "192.0.2.2");
+            checkTcpReflection(destination, "192.0.2.2");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void checkNoTrafficOnVpn(String destination) throws IOException {
+        checkUdpEcho(destination, null);
+        checkTcpReflection(destination, null);
+    }
+
     private void checkTrafficOnVpn() throws Exception {
-        checkUdpEcho("192.0.2.251", "192.0.2.2");
-        checkUdpEcho("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
-        checkPing("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
-        checkTcpReflection("192.0.2.252", "192.0.2.2");
-        checkTcpReflection("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.251");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
     }
 
     private void checkNoTrafficOnVpn() throws Exception {
-        checkUdpEcho("192.0.2.251", null);
-        checkUdpEcho("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00", null);
-        checkTcpReflection("192.0.2.252", null);
-        checkTcpReflection("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00", null);
+        checkNoTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.251");
+        checkNoTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+    }
+
+    private void checkTrafficBypassesVpn(String destination) throws Exception {
+        checkUdpEcho(destination, null, true /* expectVpnOwnedConnection */);
+        checkTcpReflection(destination, null);
     }
 
     private FileDescriptor openSocketFd(String host, int port, int timeoutMs) throws Exception {
@@ -724,9 +814,86 @@
         setAndVerifyPrivateDns(initialMode);
     }
 
+    private NetworkRequest makeVpnNetworkRequest() {
+        return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private void expectUnderlyingNetworks(TestableNetworkCallback callback,
+            @Nullable List<Network> expectUnderlyingNetworks) {
+        callback.eventuallyExpect(RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED,
+                NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                entry -> (Objects.equals(expectUnderlyingNetworks,
+                        ((RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry)
+                                .getCaps().getUnderlyingNetworks())));
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI));
+        assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
+        final TestableNetworkCallback callback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
+        final boolean isWifiEnabled = mWifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
+            // Ensure both of wifi and mobile data are connected.
+            final Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+            assertTrue("Wifi is not connected", (wifiNetwork != null));
+            final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+            assertTrue("Mobile data is not connected", (cellNetwork != null));
+            // Store current default network.
+            final Network defaultNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
+            // Start VPN and set empty array as its underlying networks.
+            startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                    new String[] {"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"} /* routes */,
+                    "" /* allowedApplications */, "" /* disallowedApplications */,
+                    null /* proxyInfo */, new ArrayList<>() /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                    false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+            // Acquire the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission for getting the underlying networks.
+            runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
+                mCM.registerNetworkCallback(makeVpnNetworkRequest(), callback);
+                // Check that this VPN doesn't have any underlying networks.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, new ArrayList<Network>());
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to null and the underlying networks should follow
+                // the system default network.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(defaultNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to mobile data.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(cellNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is mobile data.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(cellNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to wifi.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(wifiNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is wifi.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(wifiNetwork));
+
+                // Update the underlying networks to wifi and mobile data.
+                updateUnderlyingNetworks(new ArrayList<>(List.of(wifiNetwork, cellNetwork)));
+                // Check the underlying networks of NetworkCapabilities which comes from
+                // onCapabilitiesChanged is wifi and mobile data.
+                expectUnderlyingNetworks(callback, List.of(wifiNetwork, cellNetwork));
+            }, NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }, () -> {
+                if (isWifiEnabled) {
+                    mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
+                } else {
+                    mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiDisconnected(null);
+                }
+            }, () -> {
+                mCM.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
+            });
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testDefault() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && (
                 SystemProperties.getInt("persist.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1
                         || SystemProperties.getInt("service.adb.tcp.port", -1) > -1)) {
@@ -819,7 +986,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppAllowed() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
 
         FileDescriptor fd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
@@ -840,7 +1007,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testAppDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
 
         FileDescriptor localFd = openSocketFd(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
         FileDescriptor remoteFd = openSocketFdInOtherApp(TEST_HOST, 80, TIMEOUT_MS);
@@ -858,9 +1025,9 @@
         }
         Log.i(TAG, "Append shell app to disallowedApps: " + disallowedApps);
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
-                 new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
-                 "", disallowedApps, null, null /* underlyingNetworks */,
-                 false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+                new String[] {"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"},
+                "", disallowedApps, null, null /* underlyingNetworks */,
+                false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
 
         assertSocketStillOpen(localFd, TEST_HOST);
         assertSocketStillOpen(remoteFd, TEST_HOST);
@@ -873,8 +1040,76 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testExcludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"} /* routes */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* excludedRoutes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Excluded routes should bypass VPN.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+        // Other routes should go through VPN, since default routes are included.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIncludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* routes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
+
+        // Included routes should go through VPN.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+        // Other routes should bypass VPN, since default routes are not included.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInterleavedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastT());
+
+        // Shell app must not be put in here or it would kill the ADB-over-network use case
+        String allowedApps = mRemoteSocketFactoryClient.getPackageName() + "," + mPackageName;
+        startVpn(new String[]{"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"} /* addresses */,
+                new String[]{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.0.2.0/32", "::/0", "2001:db8::/128"} /* routes */,
+                new String[]{"192.0.2.0/24", "2001:db8::/32"} /* excludedRoutes */,
+                allowedApps, "" /* disallowedApplications */, null /* proxyInfo */,
+                null /* underlyingNetworks */, false /* isAlwaysMetered */,
+                true /* addRoutesByIpPrefix */);
+
+        // Excluded routes should bypass VPN.
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("192.0.2.1");
+        checkTrafficBypassesVpn("2001:db8:dead:beef::f00");
+
+        // Included routes inside excluded routes should go through VPN, since the longest common
+        // prefix precedes.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("192.0.2.0");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2001:db8::");
+
+        // Other routes should go through VPN, since default routes are included.
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("198.51.100.1");
+        checkTrafficOnVpn("2002:db8::1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidSecurity() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
 
         DatagramSocket s;
         InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
@@ -896,7 +1131,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetProxy() throws  Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
         // Receiver for the proxy change broadcast.
         BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
@@ -936,7 +1171,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSetProxyDisallowedApps() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
 
         String disallowedApps = mPackageName;
@@ -962,7 +1197,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
         BlockingBroadcastReceiver proxyBroadcastReceiver = new ProxyChangeBroadcastReceiver();
         proxyBroadcastReceiver.register();
@@ -997,7 +1232,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBindToNetworkWithProxy() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
         String allowedApps = mPackageName;
         Network initialNetwork = mCM.getActiveNetwork();
         ProxyInfo initialProxy = mCM.getDefaultProxy();
@@ -1239,7 +1474,7 @@
     }
 
     private void maybeExpectVpnTransportInfo(Network network) {
-        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        assumeTrue(SdkLevel.isAtLeastS());
         final NetworkCapabilities vpnNc = mCM.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
         assertTrue(vpnNc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
         final TransportInfo ti = vpnNc.getTransportInfo();
@@ -1291,7 +1526,7 @@
      */
     @Test
     public void testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed() throws Exception {
-        if (!supportedHardware()) return;
+        assumeTrue(supportedHardware());
 
         // Start a VPN with DownloadManager package in disallowed list.
         startVpn(new String[] {"192.0.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1:2::ffe/128"},
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
index 9fdb9c9..54eb927 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app2/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/app2/MyActivity.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TAG;
-import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TEST_PKG;
 import static com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2.Common.TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTY;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
@@ -25,13 +24,10 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
-import android.os.AsyncTask;
 import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.RemoteCallback;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.cts.net.hostside.INetworkStateObserver;
-
 /**
  * Activity used to bring process to foreground.
  */
@@ -52,6 +48,11 @@
             }
         };
         registerReceiver(finishCommandReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_FINISH_ACTIVITY));
+        final RemoteCallback callback = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(
+                Intent.EXTRA_REMOTE_CALLBACK);
+        if (callback != null) {
+            callback.sendResult(null);
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
index 89c79d3..cc07fd1 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import com.android.ddmlib.Log;
 import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.RemoteAndroidTestRunner;
 import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.TestResult.TestStatus;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.testing.DeviceSdkLevel;
 import com.android.tradefed.build.IBuildInfo;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
 import com.android.tradefed.result.CollectingTestListener;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
     protected static final String TAG = "HostsideNetworkTests";
     protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside";
     protected static final String TEST_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp.apk";
+    protected static final String TEST_APK_NEXT = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsAppNext.apk";
     protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.net.hostside.app2";
     protected static final String TEST_APP2_APK = "CtsHostsideNetworkTestsApp2.apk";
 
@@ -65,8 +67,12 @@
         assertNotNull(mAbi);
         assertNotNull(mCtsBuild);
 
+        DeviceSdkLevel deviceSdkLevel = new DeviceSdkLevel(getDevice());
+        String testApk = deviceSdkLevel.isDeviceAtLeastT() ? TEST_APK_NEXT
+                : TEST_APK;
+
         uninstallPackage(TEST_PKG, false);
-        installPackage(TEST_APK);
+        installPackage(testApk);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
index a95fc64..f633df4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideRestrictBackgroundNetworkTests.java
@@ -330,6 +330,11 @@
                 "testNetworkAccess");
     }
 
+    public void testNetworkAccess_restrictedMode_withBatterySaver() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".RestrictedModeTest",
+                "testNetworkAccess_withBatterySaver");
+    }
+
     /************************
      * Expedited job tests. *
      ************************/
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
index 49b5f9d..3821f87 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
         uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
     }
 
+    public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testChangeUnderlyingNetworks");
+    }
+
     public void testDefault() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testDefault");
     }
@@ -100,4 +104,16 @@
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest",
                 "testDownloadWithDownloadManagerDisallowed");
     }
+
+    public void testExcludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testExcludedRoutes");
+    }
+
+    public void testIncludedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testIncludedRoutes");
+    }
+
+    public void testInterleavedRoutes() throws Exception {
+        runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testInterleavedRoutes");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index 721ad82..232114e 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.callWithShellPermissionIdentity;
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.Cleanup.testAndCleanup;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
@@ -84,7 +85,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -206,7 +206,6 @@
         cb.assertNoCallback();
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Flaky: b/159718782; add to presubmit after fixing")
     @Test
     public void testRegisterCallbackWithCarrierPrivileges() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY));
@@ -224,16 +223,16 @@
 
         final TestNetworkCallback testNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
 
-        try {
+        testAndCleanup(() -> {
             doBroadcastCarrierConfigsAndVerifyOnConnectivityReportAvailable(
                     subId, carrierConfigReceiver, testNetworkCallback);
-        } finally {
+        }, () -> {
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
                     () -> mCarrierConfigManager.overrideConfig(subId, null),
                     android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE);
             mConnectivityManager.unregisterNetworkCallback(testNetworkCallback);
             mContext.unregisterReceiver(carrierConfigReceiver);
-        }
+            });
     }
 
     private String getCertHashForThisPackage() throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 2bcfdc3..0000000
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,594 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.net.cts;
-
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
-import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
-import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
-import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.ServerSocket;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-
-@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
-public class NsdManagerTest extends AndroidTestCase {
-
-    private static final String TAG = "NsdManagerTest";
-    private static final String SERVICE_TYPE = "_nmt._tcp";
-    private static final int TIMEOUT = 2000;
-
-    private static final boolean DBG = false;
-
-    NsdManager mNsdManager;
-
-    NsdManager.RegistrationListener mRegistrationListener;
-    NsdManager.DiscoveryListener mDiscoveryListener;
-    NsdManager.ResolveListener mResolveListener;
-    private NsdServiceInfo mResolvedService;
-
-    public NsdManagerTest() {
-        initRegistrationListener();
-        initDiscoveryListener();
-        initResolveListener();
-    }
-
-    private void initRegistrationListener() {
-        mRegistrationListener = new NsdManager.RegistrationListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void onRegistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
-                setEvent("onRegistrationFailed", errorCode);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onUnregistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
-                setEvent("onUnregistrationFailed", errorCode);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-                setEvent("onServiceRegistered", serviceInfo);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onServiceUnregistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-                setEvent("onServiceUnregistered", serviceInfo);
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    private void initDiscoveryListener() {
-        mDiscoveryListener = new NsdManager.DiscoveryListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
-                setEvent("onStartDiscoveryFailed", errorCode);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
-                setEvent("onStopDiscoveryFailed", errorCode);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType) {
-                NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
-                info.setServiceType(serviceType);
-                setEvent("onDiscoveryStarted", info);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {
-                NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
-                info.setServiceType(serviceType);
-                setEvent("onDiscoveryStopped", info);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-                setEvent("onServiceFound", serviceInfo);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-                setEvent("onServiceLost", serviceInfo);
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    private void initResolveListener() {
-        mResolveListener = new NsdManager.ResolveListener() {
-            @Override
-            public void onResolveFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
-                setEvent("onResolveFailed", errorCode);
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onServiceResolved(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
-                mResolvedService = serviceInfo;
-                setEvent("onServiceResolved", serviceInfo);
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-
-
-    private final class EventData {
-        EventData(String callbackName, NsdServiceInfo info) {
-            mCallbackName = callbackName;
-            mSucceeded = true;
-            mErrorCode = 0;
-            mInfo = info;
-        }
-        EventData(String callbackName, int errorCode) {
-            mCallbackName = callbackName;
-            mSucceeded = false;
-            mErrorCode = errorCode;
-            mInfo = null;
-        }
-        private final String mCallbackName;
-        private final boolean mSucceeded;
-        private final int mErrorCode;
-        private final NsdServiceInfo mInfo;
-    }
-
-    private final List<EventData> mEventCache = new ArrayList<EventData>();
-
-    private void setEvent(String callbackName, int errorCode) {
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, callbackName + " failed with " + String.valueOf(errorCode));
-        EventData eventData = new EventData(callbackName, errorCode);
-        synchronized (mEventCache) {
-            mEventCache.add(eventData);
-            mEventCache.notify();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void setEvent(String callbackName, NsdServiceInfo info) {
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Received event " + callbackName + " for " + info.getServiceName());
-        EventData eventData = new EventData(callbackName, info);
-        synchronized (mEventCache) {
-            mEventCache.add(eventData);
-            mEventCache.notify();
-        }
-    }
-
-    void clearEventCache() {
-        synchronized(mEventCache) {
-            mEventCache.clear();
-        }
-    }
-
-    int eventCacheSize() {
-        synchronized(mEventCache) {
-            return mEventCache.size();
-        }
-    }
-
-    private int mWaitId = 0;
-    private EventData waitForCallback(String callbackName) {
-
-        synchronized(mEventCache) {
-
-            mWaitId ++;
-            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Waiting for " + callbackName + ", id=" + String.valueOf(mWaitId));
-
-            try {
-                long startTime = android.os.SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-                long elapsedTime = 0;
-                int index = 0;
-                while (elapsedTime < TIMEOUT ) {
-                    // first check if we've received that event
-                    for (; index < mEventCache.size(); index++) {
-                        EventData e = mEventCache.get(index);
-                        if (e.mCallbackName.equals(callbackName)) {
-                            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "exiting wait id=" + String.valueOf(mWaitId));
-                            return e;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    // Not yet received, just wait
-                    mEventCache.wait(TIMEOUT - elapsedTime);
-                    elapsedTime = android.os.SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime;
-                }
-                // we exited the loop because of TIMEOUT; fail the call
-                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "timed out waiting id=" + String.valueOf(mWaitId));
-                return null;
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                return null;                       // wait timed out!
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private EventData waitForNewEvents() throws InterruptedException {
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Waiting for a bit, id=" + String.valueOf(mWaitId));
-
-        long startTime = android.os.SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-        long elapsedTime = 0;
-        synchronized (mEventCache) {
-            int index = mEventCache.size();
-            while (elapsedTime < TIMEOUT ) {
-                // first check if we've received that event
-                for (; index < mEventCache.size(); index++) {
-                    EventData e = mEventCache.get(index);
-                    return e;
-                }
-
-                // Not yet received, just wait
-                mEventCache.wait(TIMEOUT - elapsedTime);
-                elapsedTime = android.os.SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    private String mServiceName;
-
-    @Override
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Setup test ...");
-        mNsdManager = (NsdManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.NSD_SERVICE);
-
-        Random rand = new Random();
-        mServiceName = new String("NsdTest");
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-            mServiceName = mServiceName + String.valueOf(rand.nextInt(10));
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Tear down test ...");
-        super.tearDown();
-    }
-
-    public void testNDSManager() throws Exception {
-        EventData lastEvent = null;
-
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Starting test ...");
-
-        NsdServiceInfo si = new NsdServiceInfo();
-        si.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
-        si.setServiceName(mServiceName);
-
-        byte testByteArray[] = new byte[] {-128, 127, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2};
-        String String256 = "1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________" +
-                 "7_________8_________9_________10________11________12________13________" +
-                 "14________15________16________17________18________19________20________" +
-                 "21________22________23________24________25________123456";
-
-        // Illegal attributes
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute(null, (String) null);
-            fail("Could set null key");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute("", (String) null);
-            fail("Could set empty key");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute(String256, (String) null);
-            fail("Could set key with 255 characters");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute("key", String256.substring(3));
-            fail("Could set key+value combination with more than 255 characters");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute("key", String256.substring(4));
-            fail("Could set key+value combination with 255 characters");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute(new String(new byte[]{0x19}), (String) null);
-            fail("Could set key with invalid character");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute("=", (String) null);
-            fail("Could set key with invalid character");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        try {
-            si.setAttribute(new String(new byte[]{0x7F}), (String) null);
-            fail("Could set key with invalid character");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            // expected
-        }
-
-        // Allowed attributes
-        si.setAttribute("booleanAttr", (String) null);
-        si.setAttribute("keyValueAttr", "value");
-        si.setAttribute("keyEqualsAttr", "=");
-        si.setAttribute(" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr ", " value ");
-        si.setAttribute("binaryDataAttr", testByteArray);
-        si.setAttribute("nullBinaryDataAttr", (byte[]) null);
-        si.setAttribute("emptyBinaryDataAttr", new byte[]{});
-        si.setAttribute("longkey", String256.substring(9));
-
-        ServerSocket socket;
-        int localPort;
-
-        try {
-            socket = new ServerSocket(0);
-            localPort = socket.getLocalPort();
-            si.setPort(localPort);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Could not open a local socket");
-            assertTrue(false);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Port = " + String.valueOf(localPort));
-
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        mNsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, mRegistrationListener);
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceRegistered");                 // id = 1
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-        assertTrue(eventCacheSize() == 1);
-
-        // We may not always get the name that we tried to register;
-        // This events tells us the name that was registered.
-        String registeredName = lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName();
-        si.setServiceName(registeredName);
-
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        mNsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD,
-                mDiscoveryListener);
-
-        // Expect discovery started
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onDiscoveryStarted");                  // id = 2
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-        // Remove this event, so accounting becomes easier later
-        synchronized (mEventCache) {
-            mEventCache.remove(lastEvent);
-        }
-
-        // Expect a service record to be discovered (and filter the ones
-        // that are unrelated to this test)
-        boolean found = false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-
-            lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceFound");                  // id = 3
-            if (lastEvent == null) {
-                // no more onServiceFound events are being reported!
-                break;
-            }
-
-            assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "id = " + String.valueOf(mWaitId) + ": ServiceName = " +
-                    lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName());
-
-            if (lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName().equals(registeredName)) {
-                // Save it, as it will get overwritten with new serviceFound events
-                si = lastEvent.mInfo;
-                found = true;
-            }
-
-            // Remove this event from the event cache, so it won't be found by subsequent
-            // calls to waitForCallback
-            synchronized (mEventCache) {
-                mEventCache.remove(lastEvent);
-            }
-        }
-
-        assertTrue(found);
-
-        // We've removed all serviceFound events, and we've removed the discoveryStarted
-        // event as well, so now the event cache should be empty!
-        assertTrue(eventCacheSize() == 0);
-
-        // Resolve the service
-        clearEventCache();
-        mNsdManager.resolveService(si, mResolveListener);
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceResolved");                   // id = 4
-
-        assertNotNull(mResolvedService);
-
-        // Check Txt attributes
-        assertEquals(8, mResolvedService.getAttributes().size());
-        assertTrue(mResolvedService.getAttributes().containsKey("booleanAttr"));
-        assertNull(mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("booleanAttr"));
-        assertEquals("value", new String(mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("keyValueAttr")));
-        assertEquals("=", new String(mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("keyEqualsAttr")));
-        assertEquals(" value ", new String(mResolvedService.getAttributes()
-                .get(" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr ")));
-        assertEquals(String256.substring(9), new String(mResolvedService.getAttributes()
-                .get("longkey")));
-        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(testByteArray,
-                mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("binaryDataAttr")));
-        assertTrue(mResolvedService.getAttributes().containsKey("nullBinaryDataAttr"));
-        assertNull(mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("nullBinaryDataAttr"));
-        assertTrue(mResolvedService.getAttributes().containsKey("emptyBinaryDataAttr"));
-        assertNull(mResolvedService.getAttributes().get("emptyBinaryDataAttr"));
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "id = " + String.valueOf(mWaitId) + ": Port = " +
-                String.valueOf(lastEvent.mInfo.getPort()));
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mInfo.getPort() == localPort);
-        assertTrue(eventCacheSize() == 1);
-
-        checkForAdditionalEvents();
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        // Unregister the service
-        mNsdManager.unregisterService(mRegistrationListener);
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceUnregistered");               // id = 5
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-        // Expect a callback for service lost
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceLost");                       // id = 6
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName().equals(registeredName));
-
-        // Register service again to see if we discover it
-        checkForAdditionalEvents();
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        si = new NsdServiceInfo();
-        si.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE);
-        si.setServiceName(mServiceName);
-        si.setPort(localPort);
-
-        // Create a new registration listener and register same service again
-        initRegistrationListener();
-
-        mNsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, mRegistrationListener);
-
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceRegistered");                 // id = 7
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-        registeredName = lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName();
-
-        // Expect a record to be discovered
-        // Expect a service record to be discovered (and filter the ones
-        // that are unrelated to this test)
-        found = false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-
-            lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceFound");                  // id = 8
-            if (lastEvent == null) {
-                // no more onServiceFound events are being reported!
-                break;
-            }
-
-            assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "id = " + String.valueOf(mWaitId) + ": ServiceName = " +
-                    lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName());
-
-            if (lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName().equals(registeredName)) {
-                // Save it, as it will get overwritten with new serviceFound events
-                si = lastEvent.mInfo;
-                found = true;
-            }
-
-            // Remove this event from the event cache, so it won't be found by subsequent
-            // calls to waitForCallback
-            synchronized (mEventCache) {
-                mEventCache.remove(lastEvent);
-            }
-        }
-
-        assertTrue(found);
-
-        // Resolve the service
-        clearEventCache();
-        mNsdManager.resolveService(si, mResolveListener);
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onServiceResolved");                   // id = 9
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-
-        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "id = " + String.valueOf(mWaitId) + ": ServiceName = " +
-                lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName());
-
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mInfo.getServiceName().equals(registeredName));
-
-        assertNotNull(mResolvedService);
-
-        // Check that we don't have any TXT records
-        assertEquals(0, mResolvedService.getAttributes().size());
-
-        checkForAdditionalEvents();
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(mDiscoveryListener);
-        lastEvent = waitForCallback("onDiscoveryStopped");                  // id = 10
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-        assertTrue(checkCacheSize(1));
-
-        checkForAdditionalEvents();
-        clearEventCache();
-
-        mNsdManager.unregisterService(mRegistrationListener);
-
-        lastEvent =  waitForCallback("onServiceUnregistered");              // id = 11
-        assertTrue(lastEvent != null);
-        assertTrue(lastEvent.mSucceeded);
-        assertTrue(checkCacheSize(1));
-    }
-
-    boolean checkCacheSize(int size) {
-        synchronized (mEventCache) {
-            int cacheSize = mEventCache.size();
-            if (cacheSize != size) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "id = " + mWaitId + ": event cache size = " + cacheSize);
-                for (int i = 0; i < cacheSize; i++) {
-                    EventData e = mEventCache.get(i);
-                    String sname = (e.mInfo != null) ? "(" + e.mInfo.getServiceName() + ")" : "";
-                    Log.d(TAG, "eventName is " + e.mCallbackName + sname);
-                }
-            }
-            return (cacheSize == size);
-        }
-    }
-
-    boolean checkForAdditionalEvents() {
-        try {
-            EventData e = waitForNewEvents();
-            if (e != null) {
-                String sname = (e.mInfo != null) ? "(" + e.mInfo.getServiceName() + ")" : "";
-                Log.d(TAG, "ignoring unexpected event " + e.mCallbackName + sname);
-            }
-            return (e == null);
-        }
-        catch (InterruptedException ex) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9307c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.cts
+
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.StartDiscoveryFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.StopDiscoveryFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.UnregistrationFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolveFailed
+import android.net.cts.NsdManagerTest.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
+import android.util.Log
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
+import com.android.net.module.util.TrackRecord
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertTrue
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.net.ServerSocket
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
+import java.util.Random
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+import kotlin.test.fail
+
+private const val TAG = "NsdManagerTest"
+private const val SERVICE_TYPE = "_nmt._tcp"
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+private const val DBG = false
+
+@AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class NsdManagerTest {
+    private val context by lazy { InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context }
+    private val nsdManager by lazy { context.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java) }
+    private val serviceName = "NsdTest%04d".format(Random().nextInt(1000))
+
+    private interface NsdEvent
+    private open class NsdRecord<T : NsdEvent> private constructor(
+        private val history: ArrayTrackRecord<T>
+    ) : TrackRecord<T> by history {
+        constructor() : this(ArrayTrackRecord())
+
+        val nextEvents = history.newReadHead()
+
+        inline fun <reified V : NsdEvent> expectCallbackEventually(
+            crossinline predicate: (V) -> Boolean = { true }
+        ): V = nextEvents.poll(TIMEOUT_MS) { e -> e is V && predicate(e) } as V?
+                ?: fail("Callback for ${V::class.java.simpleName} not seen after $TIMEOUT_MS ms")
+
+        inline fun <reified V : NsdEvent> expectCallback(): V {
+            val nextEvent = nextEvents.poll(TIMEOUT_MS)
+            assertNotNull(nextEvent, "No callback received after $TIMEOUT_MS ms")
+            assertTrue(nextEvent is V, "Expected ${V::class.java.simpleName} but got " +
+                    nextEvent.javaClass.simpleName)
+            return nextEvent
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdRegistrationRecord : RegistrationListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent>() {
+        sealed class RegistrationEvent : NsdEvent {
+            abstract val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo
+
+            data class RegistrationFailed(
+                override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo,
+                val errorCode: Int
+            ) : RegistrationEvent()
+
+            data class UnregistrationFailed(
+                override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo,
+                val errorCode: Int
+            ) : RegistrationEvent()
+
+            data class ServiceRegistered(override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo)
+                : RegistrationEvent()
+            data class ServiceUnregistered(override val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo)
+                : RegistrationEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onRegistrationFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(RegistrationFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onUnregistrationFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(UnregistrationFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceRegistered(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceRegistered(si))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceUnregistered(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceUnregistered(si))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdDiscoveryRecord : DiscoveryListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent>() {
+        sealed class DiscoveryEvent : NsdEvent {
+            data class StartDiscoveryFailed(val serviceType: String, val errorCode: Int)
+                : DiscoveryEvent()
+
+            data class StopDiscoveryFailed(val serviceType: String, val errorCode: Int)
+                : DiscoveryEvent()
+
+            data class DiscoveryStarted(val serviceType: String) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class DiscoveryStopped(val serviceType: String) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class ServiceFound(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : DiscoveryEvent()
+            data class ServiceLost(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : DiscoveryEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onStartDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, err: Int) {
+            add(StartDiscoveryFailed(serviceType, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onStopDiscoveryFailed(serviceType: String, err: Int) {
+            add(StopDiscoveryFailed(serviceType, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onDiscoveryStarted(serviceType: String) {
+            add(DiscoveryStarted(serviceType))
+        }
+
+        override fun onDiscoveryStopped(serviceType: String) {
+            add(DiscoveryStopped(serviceType))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceFound(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceFound(si))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceLost(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceLost(si))
+        }
+
+        fun waitForServiceDiscovered(serviceName: String): NsdServiceInfo {
+            return expectCallbackEventually<ServiceFound> {
+                it.serviceInfo.serviceName == serviceName
+            }.serviceInfo
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdResolveRecord : ResolveListener,
+            NsdRecord<NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent>() {
+        sealed class ResolveEvent : NsdEvent {
+            data class ResolveFailed(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo, val errorCode: Int)
+                : ResolveEvent()
+
+            data class ServiceResolved(val serviceInfo: NsdServiceInfo) : ResolveEvent()
+        }
+
+        override fun onResolveFailed(si: NsdServiceInfo, err: Int) {
+            add(ResolveFailed(si, err))
+        }
+
+        override fun onServiceResolved(si: NsdServiceInfo) {
+            add(ServiceResolved(si))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testNsdManager() {
+        val si = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si.serviceName = serviceName
+        // Test binary data with various bytes
+        val testByteArray = byteArrayOf(-128, 127, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2)
+        // Test string data with 256 characters (25 blocks of 10 characters + 6)
+        val string256 = "1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________" +
+                "7_________8_________9_________10________11________12________13________" +
+                "14________15________16________17________18________19________20________" +
+                "21________22________23________24________25________123456"
+
+        // Illegal attributes
+        listOf(
+                Triple(null, null, "null key"),
+                Triple("", null, "empty key"),
+                Triple(string256, null, "key with 256 characters"),
+                Triple("key", string256.substring(3),
+                        "key+value combination with more than 255 characters"),
+                Triple("key", string256.substring(4), "key+value combination with 255 characters"),
+                Triple("\u0019", null, "key with invalid character"),
+                Triple("=", null, "key with invalid character"),
+                Triple("\u007f", null, "key with invalid character")
+        ).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException>(
+                    "Setting invalid ${it.third} unexpectedly succeeded") {
+                si.setAttribute(it.first, it.second)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Allowed attributes
+        si.setAttribute("booleanAttr", null as String?)
+        si.setAttribute("keyValueAttr", "value")
+        si.setAttribute("keyEqualsAttr", "=")
+        si.setAttribute(" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr ", " value ")
+        si.setAttribute("binaryDataAttr", testByteArray)
+        si.setAttribute("nullBinaryDataAttr", null as ByteArray?)
+        si.setAttribute("emptyBinaryDataAttr", byteArrayOf())
+        si.setAttribute("longkey", string256.substring(9))
+        val socket = ServerSocket(0)
+        val localPort = socket.localPort
+        si.port = localPort
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Port = $localPort")
+
+        val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo = registerService(registrationRecord, si)
+
+        val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord)
+
+        // Expect discovery started
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallback<DiscoveryStarted>()
+
+        // Expect a service record to be discovered
+        val foundInfo = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(registeredInfo.serviceName)
+
+        val resolvedService = resolveService(foundInfo)
+
+        // Check Txt attributes
+        assertEquals(8, resolvedService.attributes.size)
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("booleanAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["booleanAttr"])
+        assertEquals("value", resolvedService.attributes["keyValueAttr"].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals("=", resolvedService.attributes["keyEqualsAttr"].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals(" value ",
+                resolvedService.attributes[" whiteSpaceKeyValueAttr "].utf8ToString())
+        assertEquals(string256.substring(9), resolvedService.attributes["longkey"].utf8ToString())
+        assertArrayEquals(testByteArray, resolvedService.attributes["binaryDataAttr"])
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("nullBinaryDataAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["nullBinaryDataAttr"])
+        assertTrue(resolvedService.attributes.containsKey("emptyBinaryDataAttr"))
+        assertNull(resolvedService.attributes["emptyBinaryDataAttr"])
+        assertEquals(localPort, resolvedService.port)
+
+        // Unregister the service
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+
+        // Expect a callback for service lost
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceLost> {
+            it.serviceInfo.serviceName == serviceName
+        }
+
+        // Register service again to see if NsdManager can discover it
+        val si2 = NsdServiceInfo()
+        si2.serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE
+        si2.serviceName = serviceName
+        si2.port = localPort
+        val registrationRecord2 = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+        val registeredInfo2 = registerService(registrationRecord2, si2)
+
+        // Expect a service record to be discovered (and filter the ones
+        // that are unrelated to this test)
+        val foundInfo2 = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(registeredInfo2.serviceName)
+
+        // Resolve the service
+        val resolvedService2 = resolveService(foundInfo2)
+
+        // Check that the resolved service doesn't have any TXT records
+        assertEquals(0, resolvedService2.attributes.size)
+
+        nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord2)
+        registrationRecord2.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a service and return its registration record.
+     */
+    private fun registerService(record: NsdRegistrationRecord, si: NsdServiceInfo): NsdServiceInfo {
+        nsdManager.registerService(si, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, record)
+        // We may not always get the name that we tried to register;
+        // This events tells us the name that was registered.
+        val cb = record.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>()
+        return cb.serviceInfo
+    }
+
+    private fun resolveService(discoveredInfo: NsdServiceInfo): NsdServiceInfo {
+        val record = NsdResolveRecord()
+        nsdManager.resolveService(discoveredInfo, record)
+        val resolvedCb = record.expectCallback<ServiceResolved>()
+        assertEquals(discoveredInfo.serviceName, resolvedCb.serviceInfo.serviceName)
+
+        return resolvedCb.serviceInfo
+    }
+}
+
+private fun ByteArray?.utf8ToString(): String {
+    if (this == null) return ""
+    return String(this, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index ce873f7..7254319 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -380,6 +380,12 @@
         return mCellNetworkCallback != null;
     }
 
+    public void tearDown() {
+        if (cellConnectAttempted()) {
+            disconnectFromCell();
+        }
+    }
+
     private NetworkRequest makeWifiNetworkRequest() {
         return new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI)
diff --git a/tests/deflake/Android.bp b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
index b3d0363..8205f1c 100644
--- a/tests/deflake/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/deflake/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 // FrameworksNetDeflakeTest depends on FrameworksNetTests so it should be disabled
 // if FrameworksNetTests is disabled.
-enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test = false
+enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test = true
 // Placeholder
 // This is a placeholder comment to minimize merge conflicts, as enable_frameworks_net_deflake_test
 // may have different values depending on the branch
diff --git a/tests/mts/Android.bp b/tests/mts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a56f76e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "bpf_existence_test",
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "mts-tethering",
+    ],
+    require_root: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmodules-utils-build",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "bpf_existence_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    min_sdk_version: "29",  // Ensure test runs on Q and above.
+}
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..142e013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * bpf_existence_test.cpp - checks that the device has expected BPF programs and maps
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android/api-level.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-modules-utils/sdk_level.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using std::find;
+using std::set;
+using std::string;
+
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastR;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastS;
+using android::modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastT;
+
+// Mainline development branches lack the constant for the current development OS.
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API_T__
+#define __ANDROID_API_T__ 33
+#endif
+
+#define PLATFORM "/sys/fs/bpf/"
+#define TETHERING "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/"
+
+class BpfExistenceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_R = {
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_ingress_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_S = {
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_dev_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream4_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream64_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_error_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_upstream4_map",
+    TETHERING "map_offload_tether_upstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_test_tether_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream4_rawip",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_ether",
+    TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_upstream6_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> REMOVED_S = {
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_ingress_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_limit_map",
+    PLATFORM "map_offload_tether_stats_map",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_ether",
+    PLATFORM "prog_offload_schedcls_ingress_tether_rawip",
+};
+
+static const set<string> INTRODUCED_T = {
+};
+
+static const set<string> REMOVED_T = {
+};
+
+void addAll(set<string>* a, const set<string>& b) {
+    a->insert(b.begin(), b.end());
+}
+
+void removeAll(set<string>* a, const set<string>& b) {
+    for (const auto& toRemove : b) {
+        a->erase(toRemove);
+    }
+}
+
+void getFileLists(set<string>* expected, set<string>* unexpected) {
+    unexpected->clear();
+    expected->clear();
+
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    addAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+
+    if (IsAtLeastR()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_R);
+        // Nothing removed in R.
+    }
+
+    if (IsAtLeastS()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_S);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_S);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_S);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_S);
+    }
+
+    // Nothing added or removed in SCv2.
+
+    if (IsAtLeastT()) {
+        addAll(expected, INTRODUCED_T);
+        removeAll(expected, REMOVED_T);
+
+        addAll(unexpected, REMOVED_T);
+        removeAll(unexpected, INTRODUCED_T);
+    }
+}
+
+void checkFiles() {
+    set<string> mustExist;
+    set<string> mustNotExist;
+
+    getFileLists(&mustExist, &mustNotExist);
+
+    for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
+    }
+    for (const auto& file : mustNotExist) {
+        int ret = access(file.c_str(), R_OK);
+        int err = errno;
+        EXPECT_EQ(-1, ret) << file << " unexpectedly exists";
+        if (ret == -1) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, err) << " accessing " << file << " failed with errno " << err;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(BpfExistenceTest, TestPrograms) {
+    // Pre-flight check to ensure test has been updated.
+    uint64_t buildVersionSdk = android_get_device_api_level();
+    ASSERT_NE(0, buildVersionSdk) << "Unable to determine device SDK version";
+    if (buildVersionSdk > __ANDROID_API_T__ && buildVersionSdk != __ANDROID_API_FUTURE__) {
+            FAIL() << "Unknown OS version " << buildVersionSdk << ", please update this test";
+    }
+
+    // Only unconfined root is guaranteed to be able to access everything in /sys/fs/bpf.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, getuid()) << "This test must run as root.";
+
+    checkFiles();
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 562414f..48751f4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // Whether to enable the FrameworksNetTests. Set to false in the branches that might have older
 // frameworks/base since FrameworksNetTests includes the test for classes that are not in
 // connectivity module.
-enable_frameworks_net_tests = false
+enable_frameworks_net_tests = true
 // Placeholder
 // This is a placeholder comment to minimize merge conflicts, as enable_frameworks_net_tests
 // may have different values depending on the branch
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index 08a3007..6e51069 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -220,6 +220,26 @@
                         TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID));
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryTaggedSummary() throws Exception {
+        final long startTime = 1;
+        final long endTime = 100;
+
+        reset(mStatsSession);
+        when(mService.openSessionForUsageStats(anyInt(), anyString())).thenReturn(mStatsSession);
+        when(mStatsSession.getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
+                anyLong(), anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(new android.net.NetworkStats(0, 0));
+        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+                .setMeteredness(NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES).build();
+        NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryTaggedSummary(template, startTime, endTime);
+
+        verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(
+                eq(template), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+
+        assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
+    }
+
     private void assertBucketMatches(Entry expected, NetworkStats.Bucket actual) {
         assertEquals(expected.uid, actual.getUid());
         assertEquals(expected.rxBytes, actual.getRxBytes());
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
index 56e5c62..83de40e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/Ikev2VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -259,6 +259,28 @@
         }
     }
 
+
+    // TODO: Refer to Build.VERSION_CODES.SC_V2 when it's available in AOSP
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(32)
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildExcludeLocalRoutesSet() throws Exception {
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
+        builder.setAuthPsk(PSK_BYTES);
+        builder.setExcludeLocalRoutes(true);
+
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = builder.build();
+        assertNotNull(profile);
+        assertTrue(profile.getExcludeLocalRoutes());
+
+        builder.setBypassable(false);
+        try {
+            builder.build();
+            fail("Expected exception because excludeLocalRoutes should be set only"
+                    + " on the bypassable VPN");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testBuildInvalidMtu() throws Exception {
         final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder = getBuilderWithDefaultOptions();
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
index 0f9ed41..e4fc118 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsAccessTest.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
-import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManagerInternal;
+import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
-import com.android.server.LocalServices;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -46,120 +45,109 @@
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
 public class NetworkStatsAccessTest {
     private static final String TEST_PKG = "com.example.test";
+    private static final int TEST_PID = 1234;
     private static final int TEST_UID = 12345;
 
     @Mock private Context mContext;
-    @Mock private DevicePolicyManagerInternal mDpmi;
+    @Mock private DevicePolicyManager mDpm;
     @Mock private TelephonyManager mTm;
     @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
 
     // Hold the real service so we can restore it when tearing down the test.
-    private DevicePolicyManagerInternal mSystemDpmi;
+    private DevicePolicyManager mSystemDpm;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
-        mSystemDpmi = LocalServices.getService(DevicePolicyManagerInternal.class);
-        LocalServices.removeServiceForTest(DevicePolicyManagerInternal.class);
-        LocalServices.addService(DevicePolicyManagerInternal.class, mDpmi);
-
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mTm);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mAppOps);
+        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(DevicePolicyManager.class))
+                .thenReturn(Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE)).thenReturn(mDpm);
+
+        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
+        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
+        setIsProfileOwner(false);
+        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
+        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(false);
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        LocalServices.removeServiceForTest(DevicePolicyManagerInternal.class);
-        LocalServices.addService(DevicePolicyManagerInternal.class, mSystemDpmi);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasCarrierPrivileges() throws Exception {
         setHasCarrierPrivileges(true);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
-        setIsProfileOwner(false);
-        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_isDeviceOwner() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
         setIsDeviceOwner(true);
-        setIsProfileOwner(false);
-        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_isProfileOwner() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
         setIsProfileOwner(true);
-        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasAppOpsBitAllowed() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
         setIsProfileOwner(true);
         setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED, false);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasAppOpsBitDefault_grantedPermission() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
         setIsProfileOwner(true);
         setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, true);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasReadHistoryPermission() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
         setIsProfileOwner(true);
-        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
         setHasReadHistoryPermission(true);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_deniedAppOpsBit() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
-        setIsProfileOwner(false);
         setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED, true);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckAccessLevel_deniedAppOpsBit_deniedPermission() throws Exception {
-        setHasCarrierPrivileges(false);
-        setIsDeviceOwner(false);
-        setIsProfileOwner(false);
-        setHasAppOpsPermission(AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT, false);
-        setHasReadHistoryPermission(false);
         assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
-                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCheckAccessLevel_hasNetworkStackPermission() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(true);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
+
+        setHasNetworkStackPermission(false);
+        assertEquals(NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(mContext, TEST_PID, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG));
     }
 
     private void setHasCarrierPrivileges(boolean hasPrivileges) {
@@ -169,16 +157,16 @@
     }
 
     private void setIsDeviceOwner(boolean isOwner) {
-        when(mDpmi.isActiveDeviceOwner(TEST_UID)).thenReturn(isOwner);
+        when(mDpm.isDeviceOwnerApp(TEST_PKG)).thenReturn(isOwner);
     }
 
     private void setIsProfileOwner(boolean isOwner) {
-        when(mDpmi.isActiveProfileOwner(TEST_UID)).thenReturn(isOwner);
+        when(mDpm.isProfileOwnerApp(TEST_PKG)).thenReturn(isOwner);
     }
 
     private void setHasAppOpsPermission(int appOpsMode, boolean hasPermission) {
-        when(mAppOps.noteOp(AppOpsManager.OP_GET_USAGE_STATS, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG))
-                .thenReturn(appOpsMode);
+        when(mAppOps.noteOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS, TEST_UID, TEST_PKG,
+                null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */)).thenReturn(appOpsMode);
         when(mContext.checkCallingPermission(Manifest.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS)).thenReturn(
                 hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                         : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
@@ -189,4 +177,10 @@
                 .thenReturn(hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                         : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
+
+    private void setHasNetworkStackPermission(boolean hasPermission) {
+        when(mContext.checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                TEST_PID, TEST_UID)).thenReturn(hasPermission ? PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+                : PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
index 0c4ffac..1c557d6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
 
-import static com.android.internal.net.NetworkUtilsInternal.multiplySafeByRational;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
index c971da1..be2857e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -1057,22 +1057,22 @@
     private static void assertValues(
             NetworkStats.Entry entry, String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, int metered,
             int roaming, int defaultNetwork) {
-        assertEquals(iface, entry.iface);
-        assertEquals(uid, entry.uid);
-        assertEquals(set, entry.set);
-        assertEquals(tag, entry.tag);
-        assertEquals(metered, entry.metered);
-        assertEquals(roaming, entry.roaming);
-        assertEquals(defaultNetwork, entry.defaultNetwork);
+        assertEquals(iface, entry.getIface());
+        assertEquals(uid, entry.getUid());
+        assertEquals(set, entry.getSet());
+        assertEquals(tag, entry.getTag());
+        assertEquals(metered, entry.getMetered());
+        assertEquals(roaming, entry.getRoaming());
+        assertEquals(defaultNetwork, entry.getDefaultNetwork());
     }
 
     private static void assertValues(NetworkStats.Entry entry, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
             long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
-        assertEquals(rxBytes, entry.rxBytes);
-        assertEquals(rxPackets, entry.rxPackets);
-        assertEquals(txBytes, entry.txBytes);
-        assertEquals(txPackets, entry.txPackets);
-        assertEquals(operations, entry.operations);
+        assertEquals(rxBytes, entry.getRxBytes());
+        assertEquals(rxPackets, entry.getRxPackets());
+        assertEquals(txBytes, entry.getTxBytes());
+        assertEquals(txPackets, entry.getTxPackets());
+        assertEquals(operations, entry.getOperations());
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
index 572c1ef..15db45c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkTemplateTest.kt
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO
 import android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES
 import android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_BLUETOOTH
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_CARRIER
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_ETHERNET
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_PROXY
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA
@@ -38,8 +42,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES
-import android.net.NetworkTemplate.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT
-import android.net.NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateCarrierMetered
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard
@@ -47,8 +50,11 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate.normalize
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo
 import android.os.Build
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.assertParcelSane
@@ -56,8 +62,10 @@
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.`when`
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertNotEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
@@ -65,35 +73,38 @@
 private const val TEST_IMSI1 = "imsi1"
 private const val TEST_IMSI2 = "imsi2"
 private const val TEST_IMSI3 = "imsi3"
-private const val TEST_SSID1 = "ssid1"
-private const val TEST_SSID2 = "ssid2"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY1 = "wifiKey1"
+private const val TEST_WIFI_KEY2 = "wifiKey2"
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 class NetworkTemplateTest {
     private val mockContext = mock(Context::class.java)
+    private val mockWifiInfo = mock(WifiInfo::class.java)
 
     private fun buildMobileNetworkState(subscriberId: String): NetworkStateSnapshot =
             buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, subscriberId = subscriberId)
-    private fun buildWifiNetworkState(subscriberId: String?, ssid: String?): NetworkStateSnapshot =
-            buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI, subscriberId = subscriberId, ssid = ssid)
+    private fun buildWifiNetworkState(subscriberId: String?, wifiKey: String?):
+            NetworkStateSnapshot = buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI,
+            subscriberId = subscriberId, wifiKey = wifiKey)
 
     private fun buildNetworkState(
         type: Int,
         subscriberId: String? = null,
-        ssid: String? = null,
+        wifiKey: String? = null,
         oemManaged: Int = OEM_NONE,
         metered: Boolean = true
     ): NetworkStateSnapshot {
+        `when`(mockWifiInfo.getCurrentNetworkKey()).thenReturn(wifiKey)
         val lp = LinkProperties()
         val caps = NetworkCapabilities().apply {
             setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !metered)
             setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true)
-            setSSID(ssid)
             setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID,
                     (oemManaged and OEM_PAID) == OEM_PAID)
             setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE,
                     (oemManaged and OEM_PRIVATE) == OEM_PRIVATE)
+            setTransportInfo(mockWifiInfo)
         }
         return NetworkStateSnapshot(mock(Network::class.java), caps, lp, subscriberId, type)
     }
@@ -116,64 +127,65 @@
         val identMobileImsi1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
                 buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1),
                 false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
-        val identWifiImsiNullSsid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsiNullKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
 
         templateWifiWildcard.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi1)
-        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullSsid1)
-        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
+        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiWildcard.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
     }
 
     @Test
     fun testWifiMatches() {
-        val templateWifiSsid1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_SSID1)
-        val templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_SSID1, null)
-        val templateWifiSsid1Imsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_SSID1, TEST_IMSI1)
-        val templateWifiSsidAllImsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL, TEST_IMSI1)
+        val templateWifiKey1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val templateWifiKey1ImsiNull = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, null)
+        val templateWifiKey1Imsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_IMSI1)
+        val templateWifiKeyAllImsi1 = buildTemplateWifi(WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL, TEST_IMSI1)
 
         val identMobile1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1),
                 false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
-        val identWifiImsiNullSsid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi2Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid2 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID2), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsiNullKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi2Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key2 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY2), true, 0)
 
-        // Verify that template with SSID only matches any subscriberId and specific SSID.
-        templateWifiSsid1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
-        templateWifiSsid1.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullSsid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid2)
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key only matches any subscriberId and
+        // specific WiFi Network Key.
+        templateWifiKey1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
 
-        // Verify that template with SSID1 and null imsi matches any network with
-        // SSID1 and null imsi.
-        templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
-        templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullSsid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid2)
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key1 and null imsi matches any network with
+        // WiFi Network Key1 and null imsi.
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertMatches(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1ImsiNull.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
 
-        // Verify that template with SSID1 and imsi1 matches any network with
-        // SSID1 and imsi1.
-        templateWifiSsid1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
-        templateWifiSsid1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullSsid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1Imsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsid1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid2)
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key1 and imsi1 matches any network with
+        // WiFi Network Key1 and imsi1.
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKey1Imsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key2)
 
-        // Verify that template with SSID all and imsi1 matches any network with
-        // any SSID and imsi1.
-        templateWifiSsidAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
-        templateWifiSsidAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullSsid1)
-        templateWifiSsidAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsidAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Ssid1)
-        templateWifiSsidAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid2)
+        // Verify that template with WiFi Network Key all and imsi1 matches any network with
+        // any WiFi Network Key and imsi1.
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsiNullKey1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+        templateWifiKeyAllImsi1.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key2)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -182,7 +194,7 @@
         val templateMobileImsi2WithRatType = buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(TEST_IMSI2,
                 TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS, METERED_YES)
 
-        val mobileImsi1 = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null /* ssid */,
+        val mobileImsi1 = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null /* wifiKey */,
                 OEM_NONE, true /* metered */)
         val identMobile1 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, mobileImsi1,
                 false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
@@ -190,8 +202,8 @@
         val identMobile2Umts = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, mobileImsi2,
                 false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
 
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
 
         // Verify that the template matches type and the subscriberId.
         templateMobileImsi1.assertMatches(identMobile1)
@@ -202,7 +214,7 @@
         templateMobileImsi2WithRatType.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobile1)
 
         // Verify that the different type does not match.
-        templateMobileImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
+        templateMobileImsi1.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -219,12 +231,12 @@
         templateMobileWildcard.assertMatches(identMobile1)
         templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType.assertMatches(identMobile1)
 
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
 
         // Verify that the different type does not match.
-        templateMobileWildcard.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-        templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
+        templateMobileWildcard.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+        templateMobileNullImsiWithRatType.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi1Key1)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -232,13 +244,14 @@
         val templateCarrierImsi1Metered = buildTemplateCarrierMetered(TEST_IMSI1)
 
         val mobileImsi1 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1)
-        val mobileImsi1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null /* ssid */,
-                OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+        val mobileImsi1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
         val mobileImsi2 = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2)
-        val wifiSsid1 = buildWifiNetworkState(null /* subscriberId */, TEST_SSID1)
-        val wifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1)
-        val wifiImsi1Ssid1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI, TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1,
-                OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+        val wifiKey1 = buildWifiNetworkState(null /* subscriberId */,
+                TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val wifiImsi1Key1 = buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        val wifiImsi1Key1Unmetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_WIFI, TEST_IMSI1,
+                TEST_WIFI_KEY1, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
 
         val identMobileImsi1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
                 mobileImsi1, false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
@@ -247,17 +260,17 @@
                 TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
         val identMobileImsi2Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
                 mobileImsi2, false /* defaultNetwork */, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
-        val identWifiSsid1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, wifiSsid1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+        val identWifiKey1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, wifiKey1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
         val identCarrierWifiImsi1Metered = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, wifiImsi1Ssid1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+                mockContext, wifiImsi1Key1, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
         val identCarrierWifiImsi1NonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
-                wifiImsi1Ssid1Unmetered, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
+                wifiImsi1Key1Unmetered, true /* defaultNetwork */, 0 /* subType */)
 
         templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1Metered)
         templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi1Unmetered)
         templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi2Metered)
-        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiSsid1Metered)
+        templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiKey1Metered)
         templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertMatches(identCarrierWifiImsi1Metered)
         templateCarrierImsi1Metered.assertDoesNotMatch(identCarrierWifiImsi1NonMetered)
     }
@@ -267,9 +280,9 @@
     fun testRatTypeGroupMatches() {
         val stateMobileImsi1Metered = buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1)
         val stateMobileImsi1NonMetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
-                null /* ssid */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
         val stateMobileImsi2NonMetered = buildNetworkState(TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI2,
-                null /* ssid */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
+                null /* wifiKey */, OEM_NONE, false /* metered */)
 
         // Build UMTS template that matches mobile identities with RAT in the same
         // group with any IMSI. See {@link NetworkTemplate#getCollapsedRatType}.
@@ -303,7 +316,7 @@
         val identImsi2UmtsMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
                 buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2), false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
         val identWifi = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(null, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
 
         val identUmtsNonMetered = buildNetworkIdentity(
                 mockContext, stateMobileImsi1NonMetered, false, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
@@ -391,15 +404,16 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testParcelUnparcel() {
-        val templateMobile = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null, null, METERED_ALL,
-                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+        val templateMobile = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1, null,
+                arrayOf<String>(), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        val templateWifi = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null, null,
+                arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0,
                 OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
-        val templateWifi = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null, null, TEST_SSID1, METERED_ALL,
-                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
-                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
-        val templateOem = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, null, null, null, METERED_ALL,
-                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
-                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+        val templateOem = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, null, null,
+                arrayOf<String>(), METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0,
+                OEM_MANAGED_YES, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
         assertParcelSane(templateMobile, 10)
         assertParcelSane(templateWifi, 10)
         assertParcelSane(templateOem, 10)
@@ -437,39 +451,43 @@
      * @param subscriberId To be populated with {@code TEST_IMSI*} only if networkType is
      *         {@code TYPE_MOBILE}. May be left as null when matchType is
      *         {@link NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD}.
-     * @param templateSsid Top be populated with {@code TEST_SSID*} only if networkType is
+     * @param templateWifiKey Top be populated with {@code TEST_WIFI_KEY*} only if networkType is
      *         {@code TYPE_WIFI}. May be left as null when matchType is
      *         {@link NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD}.
-     * @param identSsid If networkType is {@code TYPE_WIFI}, this value must *NOT* be null. Provide
-     *         one of {@code TEST_SSID*}.
+     * @param identWifiKey If networkType is {@code TYPE_WIFI}, this value must *NOT* be null. Provide
+     *         one of {@code TEST_WIFI_KEY*}.
      */
     private fun matchOemManagedIdent(
         networkType: Int,
         matchType: Int,
         subscriberId: String? = null,
-        templateSsid: String? = null,
-        identSsid: String? = null
+        templateWifiKey: String? = null,
+        identWifiKey: String? = null
     ) {
         val oemManagedStates = arrayOf(OEM_NONE, OEM_PAID, OEM_PRIVATE, OEM_PAID or OEM_PRIVATE)
         val matchSubscriberIds = arrayOf(subscriberId)
+        val matchWifiNetworkKeys = arrayOf(templateWifiKey)
 
         val templateOemYes = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
-                templateSsid, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
-                OEM_MANAGED_YES, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
         val templateOemAll = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
-                templateSsid, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
-                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
 
         for (identityOemManagedState in oemManagedStates) {
             val ident = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext, buildNetworkState(networkType,
-                    subscriberId, identSsid, identityOemManagedState), /*defaultNetwork=*/false,
-                    /*subType=*/0)
+                    subscriberId, identWifiKey, identityOemManagedState),
+                    /*defaultNetwork=*/false, /*subType=*/0)
 
             // Create a template with each OEM managed type and match it against the NetworkIdentity
             for (templateOemManagedState in oemManagedStates) {
                 val template = NetworkTemplate(matchType, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
-                        templateSsid, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
-                        NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, templateOemManagedState, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                        matchWifiNetworkKeys, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                        DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, templateOemManagedState,
+                        SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
                 if (identityOemManagedState == templateOemManagedState) {
                     template.assertMatches(ident)
                 } else {
@@ -491,9 +509,10 @@
     fun testOemManagedMatchesIdent() {
         matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_MOBILE, MATCH_MOBILE, subscriberId = TEST_IMSI1)
         matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_MOBILE, MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD)
-        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI, templateSsid = TEST_SSID1,
-                identSsid = TEST_SSID1)
-        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, identSsid = TEST_SSID1)
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI, templateWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1,
+                identWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
+        matchOemManagedIdent(TYPE_WIFI, MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD,
+                identWifiKey = TEST_WIFI_KEY1)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -508,12 +527,12 @@
         val identMobileImsi3 = buildNetworkIdentity(mockContext,
                 buildMobileNetworkState(TEST_IMSI3), false /* defaultNetwork */,
                 TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
-        val identWifiImsi1Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi2Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
-        val identWifiImsi3Ssid1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
-                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI3, TEST_SSID1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi1Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI1, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi2Key1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
+        val identWifiImsi3WifiKey1 = buildNetworkIdentity(
+                mockContext, buildWifiNetworkState(TEST_IMSI3, TEST_WIFI_KEY1), true, 0)
 
         normalize(buildTemplateMobileAll(TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
             it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1)
@@ -525,10 +544,10 @@
             it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi2)
             it.assertDoesNotMatch(identMobileImsi3)
         }
-        normalize(buildTemplateWifi(TEST_SSID1, TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
-            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Ssid1)
-            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Ssid1)
-            it.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi3Ssid1)
+        normalize(buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_IMSI1), mergedImsiList).also {
+            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi1Key1)
+            it.assertMatches(identWifiImsi2Key1)
+            it.assertDoesNotMatch(identWifiImsi3WifiKey1)
         }
         normalize(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), mergedImsiList).also {
             it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi1)
@@ -536,4 +555,140 @@
             it.assertMatches(identMobileImsi3)
         }
     }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderMatchRules() {
+        // Verify unknown match rules cannot construct templates.
+        listOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE, -1, Integer.MAX_VALUE).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(it).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify hidden match rules cannot construct templates.
+        listOf(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, MATCH_PROXY).forEach {
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(it).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular and carrier networks with
+        // the given IMSI. See buildTemplateMobileAll and buildTemplateCarrierMetered.
+        listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER).forEach { matchRule ->
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                    .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build().let {
+                        val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule, TEST_IMSI1,
+                                arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf<String>(), METERED_YES,
+                                ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                        assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                    }
+        }
+
+        // Verify carrier template cannot be created without IMSI.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_CARRIER).build()
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular networks,
+        // regardless of IMSI. See buildTemplateMobileWildcard.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_YES, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches metered cellular networks and ratType.
+        // See NetworkTemplate#buildTemplateMobileWithRatType.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).setRatType(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS)
+                .build().let {
+                    val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, TEST_IMSI1,
+                            arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf<String>(), METERED_YES,
+                            ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                            OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                    assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                }
+
+        // Verify template which matches all wifi networks,
+        // regardless of Wifi Network Key. See buildTemplateWifiWildcard and buildTemplateWifi.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi networks with the given Wifi Network Key.
+        // See buildTemplateWifi(wifiNetworkKey).
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches all wifi networks with the
+        // given Wifi Network Key, and IMSI. See buildTemplateWifi(wifiNetworkKey, subscriberId).
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setSubscriberIds(setOf(TEST_IMSI1))
+                .setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build().let {
+                    val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, TEST_IMSI1,
+                            arrayOf(TEST_IMSI1), arrayOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1),
+                            METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                            OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT)
+                    assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+                }
+
+        // Verify template which matches ethernet and bluetooth networks.
+        // See buildTemplateEthernet and buildTemplateBluetooth.
+        listOf(MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH).forEach { matchRule ->
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).build().let {
+                val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(matchRule, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                        null /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                        METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                        OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+                assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    @Test
+    fun testBuilderWifiNetworkKeys() {
+        // Verify template builder which generates same template with the given different
+        // sequence keys.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(
+                setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1, TEST_WIFI_KEY2)).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(
+                    setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY2, TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build()
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches non-wifi networks with the given key is invalid.
+        listOf(MATCH_MOBILE, MATCH_CARRIER, MATCH_ETHERNET, MATCH_BLUETOOTH, -1,
+                Integer.MAX_VALUE).forEach { matchRule ->
+            assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+                NetworkTemplate.Builder(matchRule).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(TEST_WIFI_KEY1)).build()
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi networks with the given null key is invalid.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf(null)).build()
+        }
+
+        // Verify template which matches wifi wildcard with the given empty key set.
+        NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).setWifiNetworkKeys(setOf<String>()).build().let {
+            val expectedTemplate = NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, null /*subscriberId*/,
+                    arrayOf<String>() /*subscriberIds*/, arrayOf<String>(),
+                    METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                    OEM_MANAGED_ALL, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL)
+            assertEquals(expectedTemplate, it)
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
index a945a1f..960a9f1 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.net;
 
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 
     private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE = 23;
     private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS = 24;
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE = 25;
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
@@ -126,7 +128,12 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testParcelUnparcel() {
-        assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
+        if (isAtLeastT()) {
+            // excludeLocalRoutes is added in T.
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 24);
+        } else {
+            assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
+        }
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -166,7 +173,8 @@
         final String tooFewValues =
                 getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
                         ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE,
-                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS /* missingIndices */);
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE /* missingIndices */);
 
         assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes()));
     }
@@ -183,6 +191,17 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingExcludeLocalRoutes() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_EXCLUDE_LOCAL_ROUTE /* missingIndices */);
+
+        // Verify decoding without isRestrictedToTestNetworks defaults to false
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
+        assertFalse(decoded.excludeLocalRoutes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testEncodeDecodeLoginsNotSaved() {
         final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
         profile.saveLogin = false;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 044ff02..abb34dc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_FOTA;
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
@@ -249,6 +251,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkTestResultParcelable;
 import android.net.OemNetworkPreferences;
 import android.net.PacProxyManager;
+import android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference;
 import android.net.Proxy;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.QosCallbackException;
@@ -3385,12 +3388,12 @@
 
     private NativeNetworkConfig nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(int netId, int permission) {
         return new NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL, permission,
-                /*secure=*/ false, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE);
+                /*secure=*/ false, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
     }
 
     private NativeNetworkConfig nativeNetworkConfigVpn(int netId, boolean secure, int vpnType) {
         return new NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.VIRTUAL, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE,
-                secure, vpnType);
+                secure, vpnType, /*excludeLocalRoutes=*/ false);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -3586,7 +3589,7 @@
                 || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_IA || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_IMS
                 || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_RCS || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP
                 || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_VSIM || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_BIP
-                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) {
+                || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE || capability == NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL) {
             assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
         } else {
             assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
@@ -3714,6 +3717,7 @@
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P);
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_IA);
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_RCS);
+        tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL);
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_XCAP);
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE);
         tryNetworkFactoryRequests(NET_CAPABILITY_EIMS);
@@ -13753,12 +13757,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
-     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
-     * there is a general default network or not.
+     * Make sure per profile network preferences behave as expected for a given
+     * profile network preference.
      */
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDown() throws Exception {
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+            ProfileNetworkPreference profileNetworkPreference,
+            boolean connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) throws Exception {
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mMockNetd);
         final UserHandle testHandle = setupEnterpriseNetwork();
         registerDefaultNetworkCallbacks();
@@ -13772,29 +13776,45 @@
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(
                 mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
 
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
+        if (connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            workAgent.connect(false);
+        }
 
         final TestOnCompleteListener listener = new TestOnCompleteListener();
-        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle, PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE,
+        mCm.setProfileNetworkPreferences(testHandle, List.of(profileNetworkPreference),
                 r -> r.run(), listener);
         listener.expectOnComplete();
-
-        // Setting a network preference for this user will create a new set of routing rules for
-        // the UID range that corresponds to this user, so as to define the default network
-        // for these apps separately. This is true because the multi-layer request relevant to
-        // this UID range contains a TRACK_DEFAULT, so the range will be moved through UID-specific
-        // rules to the correct network – in this case the system default network. The case where
-        // the default network for the profile happens to be the same as the system default
-        // is not handled specially, the rules are always active as long as a preference is set.
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
-                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        boolean allowFallback = true;
+        if (profileNetworkPreference.getPreference()
+                == PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK) {
+            allowFallback = false;
+        }
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            // Setting a network preference for this user will create a new set of routing rules for
+            // the UID range that corresponds to this user, inorder to define the default network
+            // for these apps separately. This is true because the multi-layer request relevant to
+            // this UID range contains a TRACK_DEFAULT, so the range will be moved through
+            // UID-specific rules to the correct network – in this case the system default network.
+            // The case where the default network for the profile happens to be the same as the
+            // system default is not handled specially, the rules are always active as long as
+            // a preference is set.
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
 
         // The enterprise network is not ready yet.
-        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback,
-                mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            assertNoCallbacks(mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback);
+        } else if (!connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
 
-        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper workAgent = makeEnterpriseNetworkAgent();
-        workAgent.connect(false);
+        if (!connectWorkProfileAgentAhead) {
+            workAgent.connect(false);
+        }
 
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(workAgent);
         mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
@@ -13803,9 +13823,12 @@
                 nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(workAgent.getNetwork().netId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM));
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
                 workAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle), PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
-                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
 
         // Make sure changes to the work agent send callbacks to the app in the work profile, but
         // not to the other apps.
@@ -13851,17 +13874,23 @@
         // default network.
         workAgent.disconnect();
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, workAgent);
-        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
-        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
-                mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
-                PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(new NativeUidRangeConfig(
+                    mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId, uidRangeFor(testHandle),
+                    PREFERENCE_ORDER_PROFILE));
+        }
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(workAgent.getNetwork().netId);
 
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
         mDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        if (allowFallback) {
+            mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        }
 
         // Waiting for the handler to be idle before checking for networkDestroy is necessary
         // here because ConnectivityService calls onLost before the network is fully torn down.
@@ -13889,7 +13918,7 @@
         assertNoCallbacks(mSystemDefaultNetworkCallback, mDefaultNetworkCallback);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any());
 
-        // When the agent disconnects, test that the app on the work profile falls back to the
+        // When the agent disconnects, test that the app on the work profile fall back to the
         // default network.
         workAgent2.disconnect();
         mProfileDefaultNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, workAgent2);
@@ -13903,6 +13932,52 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDown() throws Exception {
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE);
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not when configured to not fallback to default network.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithNoFallback() throws Exception {
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make sure per-profile networking preference behaves as expected when the enterprise network
+     * goes up and down while the preference is active. Make sure they behave as expected whether
+     * there is a general default network or not when configured to not fallback to default network
+     * along with already connected enterprise work agent
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownWithNoFallbackWithAlreadyConnectedWorkAgent()
+            throws Exception {
+        ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder =
+                new ProfileNetworkPreference.Builder();
+        profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.setPreference(
+                PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK);
+        testPreferenceForUserNetworkUpDownForGivenPreference(
+                profileNetworkPreferenceBuilder.build(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Test that, in a given networking context, calling setPreferenceForUser to set per-profile
      * defaults on then off works as expected.
      */
@@ -14055,7 +14130,8 @@
         assertThrows("Should not be able to set an illegal preference",
                 IllegalArgumentException.class,
                 () -> mCm.setProfileNetworkPreference(testHandle,
-                        PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE + 1, null, null));
+                        PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK + 1,
+                        null, null));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
index e2ad00d..c86e699 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats;
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
 import android.util.DataUnit;
+import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.RecurrenceRule;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
@@ -68,7 +71,6 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal;
-import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsManagerInternal;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
 
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@
 public class MultipathPolicyTrackerTest {
     private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(123);
     private static final int POLICY_SNOOZED = -100;
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI1 = "TEST_IMSI1";
 
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private Context mUserAllContext;
@@ -105,7 +109,6 @@
     @Mock private NetworkPolicyManager mNPM;
     @Mock private NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
     @Mock private NetworkPolicyManagerInternal mNPMI;
-    @Mock private NetworkStatsManagerInternal mNetworkStatsManagerInternal;
     @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
     private MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
 
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@
         when(mDeps.getClock()).thenReturn(mClock);
 
         when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.getSubscriberId()).thenReturn(TEST_IMSI1);
 
         mContentResolver = Mockito.spy(new MockContentResolver(mContext));
         mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
@@ -162,9 +166,6 @@
         LocalServices.removeServiceForTest(NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.class);
         LocalServices.addService(NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.class, mNPMI);
 
-        LocalServices.removeServiceForTest(NetworkStatsManagerInternal.class);
-        LocalServices.addService(NetworkStatsManagerInternal.class, mNetworkStatsManagerInternal);
-
         mTracker = new MultipathPolicyTracker(mContext, mHandler, mDeps);
     }
 
@@ -199,6 +200,11 @@
         when(mNPMI.getSubscriptionOpportunisticQuota(TEST_NETWORK, QUOTA_TYPE_MULTIPATH))
                 .thenReturn(subscriptionQuota);
 
+        // Prepare stats to be mocked.
+        final NetworkStats.Bucket mockedStatsBucket = mock(NetworkStats.Bucket.class);
+        when(mockedStatsBucket.getTxBytes()).thenReturn(usedBytesToday / 3);
+        when(mockedStatsBucket.getRxBytes()).thenReturn(usedBytesToday - usedBytesToday / 3);
+
         // Setup user policy warning / limit
         if (policyWarning != WARNING_DISABLED || policyLimit != LIMIT_DISABLED) {
             final Instant recurrenceStart = Instant.parse("2017-04-01T00:00:00Z");
@@ -212,7 +218,9 @@
             final boolean snoozeLimit = policyLimit == POLICY_SNOOZED;
             when(mNPM.getNetworkPolicies()).thenReturn(new NetworkPolicy[] {
                     new NetworkPolicy(
-                            NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard(),
+                            new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+                                    .setSubscriberIds(Set.of(TEST_IMSI1))
+                                    .setMeteredness(android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES).build(),
                             recurrenceRule,
                             snoozeWarning ? 0 : policyWarning,
                             snoozeLimit ? 0 : policyLimit,
@@ -222,6 +230,13 @@
                             true /* metered */,
                             false /* inferred */)
             });
+
+            // Mock stats for this month.
+            final Range<ZonedDateTime> cycleOfTheMonth = recurrenceRule.cycleIterator().next();
+            when(mStatsManager.querySummaryForDevice(any(),
+                    eq(cycleOfTheMonth.getLower().toInstant().toEpochMilli()),
+                    eq(cycleOfTheMonth.getUpper().toInstant().toEpochMilli())))
+                    .thenReturn(mockedStatsBucket);
         } else {
             when(mNPM.getNetworkPolicies()).thenReturn(new NetworkPolicy[0]);
         }
@@ -233,10 +248,10 @@
         when(mResources.getInteger(R.integer.config_networkDefaultDailyMultipathQuotaBytes))
                 .thenReturn((int) defaultResSetting);
 
-        when(mNetworkStatsManagerInternal.getNetworkTotalBytes(
-                any(),
+        // Mock stats for today.
+        when(mStatsManager.querySummaryForDevice(any(),
                 eq(startOfDay.toInstant().toEpochMilli()),
-                eq(now.toInstant().toEpochMilli()))).thenReturn(usedBytesToday);
+                eq(now.toInstant().toEpochMilli()))).thenReturn(mockedStatsBucket);
 
         ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback> networkCallback =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
@@ -289,8 +304,10 @@
         testGetMultipathPreference(
                 DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(7) /* usedBytesToday */,
                 OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
-                // 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st
-                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20) /* policyWarning */,
+                // Remaining days are 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st.
+                // Set limit so that 15MB * remaining days will be 5% of the remaining limit,
+                // so it will be 15 * 29 / 0.05 + used bytes.
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20 + 7) /* policyWarning */,
                 LIMIT_DISABLED,
                 DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
                 2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
@@ -306,9 +323,11 @@
         testGetMultipathPreference(
                 DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(7) /* usedBytesToday */,
                 OPPORTUNISTIC_QUOTA_UNKNOWN,
-                // 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st
                 POLICY_SNOOZED /* policyWarning */,
-                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20) /* policyLimit */,
+                // Remaining days are 29 days from Apr. 2nd to May 1st.
+                // Set limit so that 15MB * remaining days will be 5% of the remaining limit,
+                // so it will be 15 * 29 / 0.05 + used bytes.
+                DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(15 * 29 * 20 + 7) /* policyLimit */,
                 DataUnit.MEGABYTES.toBytes(12) /* defaultGlobalSetting */,
                 2_500_000 /* defaultResSetting */,
                 false /* roaming */);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index fd9aefa..33c0868 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_ADMIN;
 import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE;
 import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY;
@@ -26,6 +29,9 @@
 import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
 import static android.os.UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
 
+import static com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastT;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -259,6 +265,10 @@
                         IpSecManager.Status.OK, TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID, TEST_IFACE_NAME);
         when(mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
                 .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
+        // The unit test should know what kind of permission it needs and set the permission by
+        // itself, so set the default value of Context#checkCallingOrSelfPermission to
+        // PERMISSION_DENIED.
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(any());
     }
 
     private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
@@ -511,6 +521,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testLockdownRuleReversibility() throws Exception {
+        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRangeParcel[] entireUser = {
             new UidRangeParcel(PRI_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRI_USER_RANGE.getUpper())
@@ -538,6 +549,27 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testPrepare_throwSecurityExceptionWhenGivenPackageDoesNotBelongToTheCaller()
+            throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(isAtLeastT());
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner", null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare(null, "com.not.vpn.owner", VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
+                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner1", "com.not.vpn.owner2",
+                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrepare_bothOldPackageAndNewPackageAreNull() throws Exception {
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks();
+        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testIsAlwaysOnPackageSupported() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
index 8d7aa4e..8340a13 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
@@ -70,16 +73,19 @@
 
     private File mTestProc;
     private NetworkStatsFactory mFactory;
+    @Mock
+    private INetd mNetd;
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         mTestProc = TestIoUtils.createTemporaryDirectory("proc");
 
         // The libandroid_servers which have the native method is not available to
         // applications. So in order to have a test support native library, the native code
         // related to networkStatsFactory is compiled to a minimal native library and loaded here.
         System.loadLibrary("networkstatsfactorytestjni");
-        mFactory = new NetworkStatsFactory(mTestProc, false);
+        mFactory = new NetworkStatsFactory(mTestProc, false, mNetd);
         mFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 4948e66..40587c5 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
-import static android.net.NetworkStats.STATS_PER_UID;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_YES;
-import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWithRatType;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi;
@@ -63,6 +61,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.database.ContentObserver;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
-import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
+import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -96,14 +95,16 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
 import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
 import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.Messenger;
@@ -118,6 +119,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.AlertObserver;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings.Config;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
@@ -158,9 +160,9 @@
 
     private static final String IMSI_1 = "310004";
     private static final String IMSI_2 = "310260";
-    private static final String TEST_SSID = "AndroidAP";
+    private static final String TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY = "WifiNetworkKey";
 
-    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateWifi = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_SSID);
+    private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateWifi = buildTemplateWifi(TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY);
     private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateCarrierWifi1 =
             buildTemplateWifi(NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL, IMSI_1);
     private static NetworkTemplate sTemplateImsi1 = buildTemplateMobileAll(IMSI_1);
@@ -181,7 +183,9 @@
     private File mStatsDir;
     private MockContext mServiceContext;
     private @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
-    private @Mock INetworkManagementService mNetManager;
+    private static @Mock WifiInfo sWifiInfo;
+    private @Mock INetd mNetd;
+    private @Mock TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
     private @Mock NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
     private @Mock NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
     private @Mock IBinder mBinder;
@@ -192,9 +196,10 @@
 
     private NetworkStatsService mService;
     private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
-    private INetworkManagementEventObserver mNetworkObserver;
+    private AlertObserver mAlertObserver;
     private ContentObserver mContentObserver;
     private Handler mHandler;
+    private TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback mTetheringEventCallback;
 
     private class MockContext extends BroadcastInterceptingContext {
         private final Context mBaseContext;
@@ -207,6 +212,7 @@
         @Override
         public Object getSystemService(String name) {
             if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
+            if (Context.TETHERING_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTetheringManager;
             return mBaseContext.getSystemService(name);
         }
 
@@ -237,11 +243,26 @@
             return currentTimeMillis();
         }
     };
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static TetherStatsParcel buildTetherStatsParcel(String iface, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, int ifIndex) {
+        TetherStatsParcel parcel = new TetherStatsParcel();
+        parcel.iface = iface;
+        parcel.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        parcel.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        parcel.txBytes = txBytes;
+        parcel.txPackets = txPackets;
+        parcel.ifIndex = ifIndex;
+        return parcel;
+    }
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
         mServiceContext = new MockContext(context);
+        when(sWifiInfo.getCurrentNetworkKey()).thenReturn(TEST_WIFI_NETWORK_KEY);
         mStatsDir = TestIoUtils.createTemporaryDirectory(getClass().getSimpleName());
 
         PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) mServiceContext.getSystemService(
@@ -251,7 +272,7 @@
 
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
         final NetworkStatsService.Dependencies deps = makeDependencies();
-        mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetManager, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
+        mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetd, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
                 mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(), mStatsDir,
                 getBaseDir(mStatsDir), deps);
 
@@ -276,11 +297,18 @@
         mSession = mService.openSession();
         assertNotNull("openSession() failed", mSession);
 
-        // catch INetworkManagementEventObserver during systemReady()
-        ArgumentCaptor<INetworkManagementEventObserver> networkObserver =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
-        verify(mNetManager).registerObserver(networkObserver.capture());
-        mNetworkObserver = networkObserver.getValue();
+        // Catch AlertObserver during systemReady().
+        final ArgumentCaptor<AlertObserver> alertObserver =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(AlertObserver.class);
+        verify(mNetd).registerUnsolicitedEventListener(alertObserver.capture());
+        mAlertObserver = alertObserver.getValue();
+
+        // Catch TetheringEventCallback during systemReady().
+        ArgumentCaptor<TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback> tetheringEventCbCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback.class);
+        verify(mTetheringManager).registerTetheringEventCallback(
+                any(), tetheringEventCbCaptor.capture());
+        mTetheringEventCallback = tetheringEventCbCaptor.getValue();
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -293,7 +321,7 @@
 
             @Override
             public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(
-                    @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull Executor executor,
+                    @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Executor executor,
                     @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
 
                 return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
@@ -314,7 +342,7 @@
         mServiceContext = null;
         mStatsDir = null;
 
-        mNetManager = null;
+        mNetd = null;
         mSettings = null;
 
         mSession.close();
@@ -358,7 +386,7 @@
         // verify service recorded history
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
 
-        // verify service recorded history for wifi with SSID filter
+        // verify service recorded history for wifi with WiFi Network Key filter
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi,  1024L, 1L, 2048L, 2L, 0);
 
 
@@ -368,7 +396,7 @@
 
         // verify service recorded history
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateCarrierWifi1, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L, 0);
-        // verify service recorded history for wifi with SSID filter
+        // verify service recorded history for wifi with WiFi Network Key filter
         assertNetworkTotal(sTemplateWifi, 4096L, 4L, 8192L, 8L, 0);
     }
 
@@ -774,28 +802,31 @@
     @Test
     public void testMobileStatsOemManaged() throws Exception {
         final NetworkTemplate templateOemPaid = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
-                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null, /*networkId=*/null,
-                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PAID,
-                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PAID, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
 
         final NetworkTemplate templateOemPrivate = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
-                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null, /*networkId=*/null,
-                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PRIVATE,
-                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PRIVATE, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
 
         final NetworkTemplate templateOemAll = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
-                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null, /*networkId=*/null,
-                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
-                OEM_PAID | OEM_PRIVATE, SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_PAID | OEM_PRIVATE,
+                SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
 
         final NetworkTemplate templateOemYes = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
-                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null, /*networkId=*/null,
-                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_YES,
                 SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
 
         final NetworkTemplate templateOemNone = new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD,
-                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null, /*networkId=*/null,
-                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_NO,
+                /*subscriberId=*/null, /*matchSubscriberIds=*/null,
+                /*matchWifiNetworkKeys=*/new String[0], METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_NO,
                 SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
 
         // OEM_PAID network comes online.
@@ -1009,13 +1040,15 @@
                 new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]);
 
         NetworkStats.Entry uidStats = new NetworkStats.Entry(
-                TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
+                TEST_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
         // Stacked on matching interface
         NetworkStats.Entry tetheredStats1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
-                stackedIface, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
+                stackedIface, UID_TETHERING, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
+        TetherStatsParcel tetherStatsParcel1 =
+                buildTetherStatsParcel(stackedIface, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0);
         // Different interface
-        NetworkStats.Entry tetheredStats2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
-                "otherif", UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, 0xF00D, 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0L);
+        TetherStatsParcel tetherStatsParcel2 =
+                buildTetherStatsParcel("otherif", 1024L, 8L, 512L, 4L, 0);
 
         final String[] ifaceFilter = new String[] { TEST_IFACE };
         final String[] augmentedIfaceFilter = new String[] { stackedIface, TEST_IFACE };
@@ -1027,10 +1060,8 @@
         when(mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsDetail(eq(UID_ALL), any(), eq(TAG_ALL)))
                 .thenReturn(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
                         .insertEntry(uidStats));
-        when(mNetManager.getNetworkStatsTethering(STATS_PER_UID))
-                .thenReturn(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
-                        .insertEntry(tetheredStats1)
-                        .insertEntry(tetheredStats2));
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels =  {tetherStatsParcel1, tetherStatsParcel2};
+        when(mNetd.tetherGetStats()).thenReturn(tetherStatsParcels);
 
         NetworkStats stats = mService.getDetailedUidStats(ifaceFilter);
 
@@ -1232,12 +1263,11 @@
         final NetworkStats localUidStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
                 .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 128L, 2L, 128L, 2L, 0L);
         // Software per-uid tethering traffic.
-        final NetworkStats tetherSwUidStats = new NetworkStats(now, 1)
-                .insertEntry(TEST_IFACE, UID_TETHERING, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1408L, 10L, 256L, 1L,
-                        0L);
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels =
+                {buildTetherStatsParcel(TEST_IFACE, 1408L, 10L, 256L, 1L, 0)};
 
         expectNetworkStatsSummary(swIfaceStats);
-        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(localUidStats, tetherSwUidStats);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(localUidStats, tetherStatsParcels);
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
         // verify service recorded history
@@ -1643,6 +1673,21 @@
                 DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 2);
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringEventCallback_onUpstreamChanged() throws Exception {
+        // Register custom provider and retrieve callback.
+        final TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder provider =
+                new TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder();
+        final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cb =
+                mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider("TEST-TETHERING-OFFLOAD", provider);
+        assertNotNull(cb);
+        provider.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Post upstream changed event, verify the service will pull for stats.
+        mTetheringEventCallback.onUpstreamChanged(WIFI_NETWORK);
+        provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
+    }
+
     private static File getBaseDir(File statsDir) {
         File baseDir = new File(statsDir, "netstats");
         baseDir.mkdirs();
@@ -1716,16 +1761,17 @@
     }
 
     private void expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(NetworkStats detail) throws Exception {
-        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(detail, new NetworkStats(0L, 0));
+        final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels = {};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(detail, tetherStatsParcels);
     }
 
-    private void expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(NetworkStats detail, NetworkStats tetherStats)
-            throws Exception {
+    private void expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(NetworkStats detail,
+            TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels) throws Exception {
         when(mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL))
                 .thenReturn(detail);
 
         // also include tethering details, since they are folded into UID
-        when(mNetManager.getNetworkStatsTethering(STATS_PER_UID)).thenReturn(tetherStats);
+        when(mNetd.tetherGetStats()).thenReturn(tetherStatsParcels);
     }
 
     private void expectDefaultSettings() throws Exception {
@@ -1787,7 +1833,7 @@
         capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !isMetered);
         capabilities.setCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING, true);
         capabilities.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        capabilities.setSSID(TEST_SSID);
+        capabilities.setTransportInfo(sWifiInfo);
         return new NetworkStateSnapshot(WIFI_NETWORK, capabilities, prop, subscriberId, TYPE_WIFI);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
index 2bc385c..43aeec6 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -35,12 +38,12 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
 import android.os.Build;
-import android.os.test.TestLooper;
-import android.telephony.NetworkRegistrationInfo;
-import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
-import android.telephony.ServiceState;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.RatTypeListener;
@@ -71,26 +74,30 @@
     @Mock private Context mContext;
     @Mock private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
     @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    private final SparseArray<TelephonyManager> mTelephonyManagerOfSub = new SparseArray<>();
+    private final SparseArray<RatTypeListener> mRatTypeListenerOfSub = new SparseArray<>();
     @Mock private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.Delegate mDelegate;
     private final List<Integer> mTestSubList = new ArrayList<>();
 
     private final Executor mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
     private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mMonitor;
-    private TestLooper mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
-        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+        // TODO(b/213280079): Start a different thread and prepare the looper, create the monitor
+        //  on that thread instead of using the test main thread looper.
+        if (Looper.myLooper() == null) {
+            Looper.prepare();
+        }
 
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE)))
                 .thenReturn(mSubscriptionManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)))
                 .thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
 
-        mMonitor = new NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext, mTestLooper.getLooper(),
-                mExecutor, mDelegate);
+        mMonitor = new NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext, mExecutor, mDelegate);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -116,16 +123,29 @@
         return list;
     }
 
-    private void setRatTypeForSub(List<RatTypeListener> listeners,
-            int subId, int type) {
-        final ServiceState serviceState = mock(ServiceState.class);
-        when(serviceState.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(type);
-        final RatTypeListener match = CollectionUtils
-                .find(listeners, it -> it.getSubId() == subId);
+    private TelephonyDisplayInfo makeTelephonyDisplayInfo(
+            int networkType, int overrideNetworkType) {
+        // Create from parcel since final classes cannot be mocked and there is no exposed public
+        // constructors.
+        Parcel p = Parcel.obtain();
+        p.writeInt(networkType);
+        p.writeInt(overrideNetworkType);
+
+        p.setDataPosition(0);
+        return TelephonyDisplayInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(p);
+    }
+
+    private void setRatTypeForSub(int subId, int type) {
+        setRatTypeForSub(subId, type, OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
+    }
+
+    private void setRatTypeForSub(int subId, int type, int overrideType) {
+        final TelephonyDisplayInfo displayInfo = makeTelephonyDisplayInfo(type, overrideType);
+        final RatTypeListener match = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(subId);
         if (match == null) {
             fail("Could not find listener with subId: " + subId);
         }
-        match.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+        match.onDisplayInfoChanged(displayInfo);
     }
 
     private void addTestSub(int subId, String subscriberId) {
@@ -136,21 +156,47 @@
 
         final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
         when(mSubscriptionManager.getCompleteActiveSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
-        when(mTelephonyManager.getSubscriberId(subId)).thenReturn(subscriberId);
-        mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+        updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(subId, subscriberId);
     }
 
     private void updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(int subId, @Nullable final String subscriberId) {
-        when(mTelephonyManager.getSubscriberId(subId)).thenReturn(subscriberId);
+        final TelephonyManager telephonyManagerOfSub;
+        if (mTelephonyManagerOfSub.contains(subId)) {
+            telephonyManagerOfSub = mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId);
+        } else {
+            telephonyManagerOfSub = mock(TelephonyManager.class);
+            mTelephonyManagerOfSub.put(subId, telephonyManagerOfSub);
+        }
+        when(telephonyManagerOfSub.getSubscriberId()).thenReturn(subscriberId);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId)).thenReturn(telephonyManagerOfSub);
         mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
     }
 
+    private void assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(int subId) {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId))
+                .registerTelephonyCallback(any(), ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture());
+        final RatTypeListener listener = CollectionUtils
+                .find(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), it -> it.getSubId() == subId);
+        assertNotNull(listener);
+        mRatTypeListenerOfSub.put(subId, listener);
+    }
+
     private void removeTestSub(int subId) {
         // Remove subId from TestSubList.
         mTestSubList.removeIf(it -> it == subId);
         final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
         when(mSubscriptionManager.getCompleteActiveSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
         mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(subId);
+        mRatTypeListenerOfSub.delete(subId);
+        mTelephonyManagerOfSub.delete(subId);
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(int subId) {
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(subId))
+                .unregisterTelephonyCallback(eq(mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(subId)));
     }
 
     private void assertRatTypeChangedForSub(String subscriberId, int ratType) {
@@ -171,9 +217,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSubChangedAndRatTypeChanged() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
-
         mMonitor.start();
         // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
         // before changing RAT type.
@@ -183,15 +226,14 @@
         // Insert sim2.
         addTestSub(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_IMSI2);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(2)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID2);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS.
         // Verify RAT type of sim1 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
         // and others remain untouched.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
@@ -200,8 +242,7 @@
         // Set RAT type of sim2 to LTE.
         // Verify RAT type of sim2 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
         // and others remain untouched.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID2,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
@@ -210,7 +251,6 @@
         // Remove sim2 and verify that callbacks are fired and RAT type is correct for sim2.
         // while the other two remain untouched.
         removeTestSub(TEST_SUBID2);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager).listen(any(), eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
@@ -218,13 +258,12 @@
 
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to UNKNOWN. Then stop monitoring subscription changes
         // and verify that the listener for sim1 is removed.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         mMonitor.stop();
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(2)).listen(any(), eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
     }
 
@@ -236,104 +275,84 @@
         // before changing RAT type. Also capture listener for later use.
         addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
-        final RatTypeListener listener = CollectionUtils
-                .find(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), it -> it.getSubId() == TEST_SUBID1);
-        assertNotNull(listener);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        final RatTypeListener listener = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1);
 
         // Set RAT type to 5G NSA (non-standalone) mode, verify the monitor outputs
         // NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA.
-        final ServiceState serviceState = mock(ServiceState.class);
-        when(serviceState.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
-        when(serviceState.getNrState()).thenReturn(NetworkRegistrationInfo.NR_STATE_CONNECTED);
-        listener.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Set RAT type to LTE without NR connected, the RAT type should be downgraded to LTE.
-        when(serviceState.getNrState()).thenReturn(NetworkRegistrationInfo.NR_STATE_NONE);
-        listener.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Verify NR connected with other RAT type does not take effect.
-        when(serviceState.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
-        when(serviceState.getNrState()).thenReturn(NetworkRegistrationInfo.NR_STATE_CONNECTED);
-        listener.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+        // This should not be happened in practice.
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS,
+                OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Set RAT type to 5G standalone mode, the RAT type should be NR.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Set NR state to none in standalone mode does not change anything.
-        when(serviceState.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
-        when(serviceState.getNrState()).thenReturn(NetworkRegistrationInfo.NR_STATE_NONE);
-        listener.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR, OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NONE);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testSubscriberIdUnavailable() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
-
         mMonitor.start();
         // Insert sim1, set subscriberId to null which is normal in SIM PIN locked case.
         // Verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN and service will not perform listener
         // registration.
         addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, null);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, never()).listen(any(), anyInt());
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1), never()).listen(any(), anyInt());
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
 
         // Set IMSI for sim1, verify the listener will be registered.
         updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         reset(mTelephonyManager);
-        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
 
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS. Verify RAT type of sim1 is changed.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         // Set IMSI to null again to simulate somehow IMSI is not available, such as
         // modem crash. Verify service should unregister listener.
         updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, null);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(eq(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getValue()),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         reset(mDelegate);
-        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManager);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
 
         // Simulate somehow IMSI is back. Verify service will register with
         // another listener and fire callback accordingly.
         final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor2 =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
         updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor2.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         reset(mDelegate);
-        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManager);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
 
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to LTE. Verify RAT type of sim1 still works.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor2.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
         reset(mDelegate);
 
         mMonitor.stop();
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(eq(ratTypeListenerCaptor2.getValue()),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        assertRatTypeListenerDeregistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
     }
 
@@ -349,30 +368,24 @@
         // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
         // before changing RAT type.
         addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
 
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS.
         // Verify RAT type of sim1 changes accordingly.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         reset(mDelegate);
-        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManager);
+        clearInvocations(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1));
 
         // Simulate IMSI of sim1 changed to IMSI2. Verify the service will register with
         // another listener and remove the old one. The RAT type of new IMSI stays at
         // NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN until received initial callback from telephony.
-        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor2 =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
         updateSubscriberIdForTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI2);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor2.capture(),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
-        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(1)).listen(eq(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getValue()),
-                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        final RatTypeListener oldListener = mRatTypeListenerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1);
+        assertAndCaptureRatTypeListenerRegistration(TEST_SUBID1);
+        verify(mTelephonyManagerOfSub.get(TEST_SUBID1), times(1))
+                .unregisterTelephonyCallback(eq(oldListener));
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         reset(mDelegate);
@@ -380,8 +393,7 @@
         // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS for new listener to simulate the initial callback received
         // from telephony after registration. Verify RAT type of sim1 changes with IMSI2
         // accordingly.
-        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor2.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
-                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        setRatTypeForSub(TEST_SUBID1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
         assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
         reset(mDelegate);