diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index 4bc8f93..fce4360 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
     ],
 
     srcs: [":framework-tethering-srcs"],
-    libs: ["framework-connectivity"],
-    stub_only_libs: ["framework-connectivity"],
+    libs: ["framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib"],
+    stub_only_libs: ["framework-connectivity.stubs.module_lib"],
     aidl: {
         include_dirs: [
             "packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/aidl-export",
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index c45ce83..3428c1d 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -1054,8 +1054,16 @@
         mLastRaParams = newParams;
     }
 
-    private void logMessage(State state, int what) {
-        mLog.log(state.getName() + " got " + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
+    private void maybeLogMessage(State state, int what) {
+        switch (what) {
+            // Suppress some CMD_* to avoid log flooding.
+            case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
+            case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
+                break;
+            default:
+                mLog.log(state.getName() + " got "
+                        + sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what)));
+        }
     }
 
     private void sendInterfaceState(int newInterfaceState) {
@@ -1095,7 +1103,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
-            logMessage(this, message.what);
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
                     mLastError = TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
@@ -1180,7 +1188,6 @@
 
         @Override
         public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
-            logMessage(this, message.what);
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
                     transitionTo(mInitialState);
@@ -1238,7 +1245,7 @@
         public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
             if (super.processMessage(message)) return true;
 
-            logMessage(this, message.what);
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
                     mLog.e("CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED while in local-only hotspot mode.");
@@ -1306,7 +1313,7 @@
         public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
             if (super.processMessage(message)) return true;
 
-            logMessage(this, message.what);
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED:
                     mLog.e("CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED while already tethering.");
@@ -1417,7 +1424,7 @@
     class WaitingForRestartState extends State {
         @Override
         public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
-            logMessage(this, message.what);
+            maybeLogMessage(this, message.what);
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CMD_TETHER_UNREQUESTED:
                     transitionTo(mInitialState);
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index 7596380..e4fbd71 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -495,11 +495,11 @@
         // See NetlinkHandler.cpp: notifyInterfaceChanged.
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceStatusChanged " + iface + ", " + up);
         if (up) {
-            maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(iface);
+            maybeTrackNewInterface(iface);
         } else {
             if (ifaceNameToType(iface) == TETHERING_BLUETOOTH
                     || ifaceNameToType(iface) == TETHERING_WIGIG) {
-                stopTrackingInterfaceLocked(iface);
+                stopTrackingInterface(iface);
             } else {
                 // Ignore usb0 down after enabling RNDIS.
                 // We will handle disconnect in interfaceRemoved.
@@ -535,12 +535,12 @@
 
     void interfaceAdded(String iface) {
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceAdded " + iface);
-        maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(iface);
+        maybeTrackNewInterface(iface);
     }
 
     void interfaceRemoved(String iface) {
         if (VDBG) Log.d(TAG, "interfaceRemoved " + iface);
-        stopTrackingInterfaceLocked(iface);
+        stopTrackingInterface(iface);
     }
 
     void startTethering(final TetheringRequestParcel request, final IIntResultListener listener) {
@@ -694,14 +694,14 @@
             mEthernetCallback = new EthernetCallback();
             mEthernetIfaceRequest = em.requestTetheredInterface(mExecutor, mEthernetCallback);
         } else {
-            stopEthernetTetheringLocked();
+            stopEthernetTethering();
         }
         return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
     }
 
-    private void stopEthernetTetheringLocked() {
+    private void stopEthernetTethering() {
         if (mConfiguredEthernetIface != null) {
-            stopTrackingInterfaceLocked(mConfiguredEthernetIface);
+            stopTrackingInterface(mConfiguredEthernetIface);
             mConfiguredEthernetIface = null;
         }
         if (mEthernetCallback != null) {
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
                 // Ethernet callback arrived after Ethernet tethering stopped. Ignore.
                 return;
             }
-            maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(iface, TETHERING_ETHERNET);
+            maybeTrackNewInterface(iface, TETHERING_ETHERNET);
             changeInterfaceState(iface, getRequestedState(TETHERING_ETHERNET));
             mConfiguredEthernetIface = iface;
         }
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@
                 // onAvailable called after stopping Ethernet tethering.
                 return;
             }
-            stopEthernetTetheringLocked();
+            stopEthernetTethering();
         }
     }
 
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@
                     // We can see this state on the way to both enabled and failure states.
                     break;
                 case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED:
-                    enableWifiIpServingLocked(ifname, ipmode);
+                    enableWifiIpServing(ifname, ipmode);
                     break;
                 case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING:
                     // We can see this state on the way to disabled.
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
                 case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED:
                 case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_FAILED:
                 default:
-                    disableWifiIpServingLocked(ifname, curState);
+                    disableWifiIpServing(ifname, curState);
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@
 
             // if no group is formed, bring it down if needed.
             if (p2pInfo == null || !p2pInfo.groupFormed) {
-                disableWifiP2pIpServingLockedIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
+                disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
                 mWifiP2pTetherInterface = null;
                 return;
             }
@@ -1078,12 +1078,12 @@
                 mLog.w("P2P tethered interface " + mWifiP2pTetherInterface
                         + "is different from current interface "
                         + group.getInterface() + ", re-tether it");
-                disableWifiP2pIpServingLockedIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
+                disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(mWifiP2pTetherInterface);
             }
 
             // Finally bring up serving on the new interface
             mWifiP2pTetherInterface = group.getInterface();
-            enableWifiIpServingLocked(mWifiP2pTetherInterface, IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
+            enableWifiIpServing(mWifiP2pTetherInterface, IFACE_IP_MODE_LOCAL_ONLY);
         }
 
         private void handleUserRestrictionAction() {
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void disableWifiIpServingLockedCommon(int tetheringType, String ifname, int apState) {
+    private void disableWifiIpServingCommon(int tetheringType, String ifname, int apState) {
         mLog.log("Canceling WiFi tethering request -"
                 + " type=" + tetheringType
                 + " interface=" + ifname
@@ -1191,23 +1191,23 @@
                                            : "specified interface: " + ifname));
     }
 
-    private void disableWifiIpServingLocked(String ifname, int apState) {
+    private void disableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int apState) {
         // Regardless of whether we requested this transition, the AP has gone
         // down.  Don't try to tether again unless we're requested to do so.
         // TODO: Remove this altogether, once Wi-Fi reliably gives us an
         // interface name with every broadcast.
         mWifiTetherRequested = false;
 
-        disableWifiIpServingLockedCommon(TETHERING_WIFI, ifname, apState);
+        disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI, ifname, apState);
     }
 
-    private void disableWifiP2pIpServingLockedIfNeeded(String ifname) {
+    private void disableWifiP2pIpServingIfNeeded(String ifname) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) return;
 
-        disableWifiIpServingLockedCommon(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, ifname, /* fake */ 0);
+        disableWifiIpServingCommon(TETHERING_WIFI_P2P, ifname, /* fake */ 0);
     }
 
-    private void enableWifiIpServingLocked(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
+    private void enableWifiIpServing(String ifname, int wifiIpMode) {
         // Map wifiIpMode values to IpServer.Callback serving states, inferring
         // from mWifiTetherRequested as a final "best guess".
         final int ipServingMode;
@@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@
         }
 
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(ifname)) {
-            maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(ifname);
+            maybeTrackNewInterface(ifname);
             changeInterfaceState(ifname, ipServingMode);
         } else {
             mLog.e(String.format(
@@ -2437,7 +2437,7 @@
         mTetherMainSM.sendMessage(which, state, 0, newLp);
     }
 
-    private void maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(final String iface) {
+    private void maybeTrackNewInterface(final String iface) {
         // If we don't care about this type of interface, ignore.
         final int interfaceType = ifaceNameToType(iface);
         if (interfaceType == TETHERING_INVALID) {
@@ -2457,10 +2457,10 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(iface, interfaceType);
+        maybeTrackNewInterface(iface, interfaceType);
     }
 
-    private void maybeTrackNewInterfaceLocked(final String iface, int interfaceType) {
+    private void maybeTrackNewInterface(final String iface, int interfaceType) {
         // If we have already started a TISM for this interface, skip.
         if (mTetherStates.containsKey(iface)) {
             mLog.log("active iface (" + iface + ") reported as added, ignoring");
@@ -2477,7 +2477,7 @@
         tetherState.ipServer.start();
     }
 
-    private void stopTrackingInterfaceLocked(final String iface) {
+    private void stopTrackingInterface(final String iface) {
         final TetherState tetherState = mTetherStates.get(iface);
         if (tetherState == null) {
             mLog.log("attempting to remove unknown iface (" + iface + "), ignoring");
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index cd27318..69471a1 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -398,10 +398,10 @@
             // notifications (e.g. matching more than one of our callbacks).
             //
             // Also, it can happen that onLinkPropertiesChanged is called after
-            // onLost removed the state from mNetworkMap. This appears to be due
-            // to a bug in disconnectAndDestroyNetwork, which calls
-            // nai.clatd.update() after the onLost callbacks.
-            // TODO: fix the bug and make this method void.
+            // onLost removed the state from mNetworkMap. This is due to a bug
+            // in disconnectAndDestroyNetwork, which calls nai.clatd.update()
+            // after the onLost callbacks. This was fixed in S.
+            // TODO: make this method void when R is no longer supported.
             return null;
         }
 
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index 4fa9ccb..93ef3bf 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity-protos",
     sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     proto: {
         type: "nano",
     },
@@ -77,11 +78,13 @@
 
 java_sdk_library {
     name: "framework-connectivity",
-    api_only: true,
+    sdk_version: "module_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     defaults: ["framework-module-defaults"],
     installable: true,
     srcs: [
         ":framework-connectivity-sources",
+        ":net-utils-framework-common-srcs",
     ],
     aidl: {
         include_dirs: [
@@ -93,10 +96,43 @@
             "frameworks/native/aidl/binder", // For PersistableBundle.aidl
         ],
     },
+    impl_only_libs: [
+        // TODO (b/183097033) remove once module_current includes core_platform
+        "stable.core.platform.api.stubs",
+        "framework-tethering.stubs.module_lib",
+        "framework-wifi.stubs.module_lib",
+        "net-utils-device-common",
+    ],
     libs: [
         "unsupportedappusage",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "framework-connectivity-protos",
+    ],
+    jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
+    impl_library_visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/apex",
+        // In preparation for future move
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/apex",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
+        "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/service",
+        "//frameworks/base",
+
+        // Tests using hidden APIs
+        "//external/sl4a:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/tests/net:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/testutils",
+        "//frameworks/libs/net/common/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//packages/modules/NetworkStack/tests:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -105,6 +141,10 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        // Don't warn about S API usage even with
+        // min_sdk 30: the library is only loaded
+        // on S+ devices
+        "-Wno-unguarded-availability",
         "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -131,6 +171,7 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libframework-connectivity-jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     defaults: ["libframework-connectivity-defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "jni/android_net_NetworkUtils.cpp",
@@ -139,36 +180,6 @@
     shared_libs: ["libandroid"],
     stl: "libc++_static",
     apex_available: [
-        "//apex_available:platform",
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
-
-java_library {
-    name: "framework-connectivity.impl",
-    sdk_version: "module_current",
-    srcs: [
-        ":framework-connectivity-sources",
-    ],
-    aidl: {
-        include_dirs: [
-            "frameworks/base/core/java", // For framework parcelables
-            "frameworks/native/aidl/binder", // For PersistableBundle.aidl
-        ],
-    },
-    libs: [
-        // TODO (b/183097033) remove once module_current includes core_current
-        "stable.core.platform.api.stubs",
-        "framework-tethering",
-        "framework-wifi",
-        "unsupportedappusage",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "framework-connectivity-protos",
-        "net-utils-device-common",
-    ],
-    jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
-    apex_available: ["com.android.tethering"],
-    installable: true,
-    permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
-}
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index 27836c1..d1d51da 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -232,12 +232,14 @@
     method @NonNull public android.net.Network register();
     method public final void sendLinkProperties(@NonNull android.net.LinkProperties);
     method public final void sendNetworkCapabilities(@NonNull android.net.NetworkCapabilities);
+    method public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull android.net.NetworkScore);
     method public final void sendNetworkScore(@IntRange(from=0, to=99) int);
     method public final void sendQosCallbackError(int, int);
     method public final void sendQosSessionAvailable(int, int, @NonNull android.net.QosSessionAttributes);
     method public final void sendQosSessionLost(int, int, int);
     method public final void sendSocketKeepaliveEvent(int, int);
     method @Deprecated public void setLegacySubtype(int, @NonNull String);
+    method public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull java.time.Duration);
     method public void setTeardownDelayMillis(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
     method public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
     method public void unregister();
diff --git a/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
index df37ae8..099202f 100644
--- a/framework/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
         errorLine1="                ParseException pe = new ParseException(e.reason, e.getCause());"
         errorLine2="                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/DnsResolver.java"
             line="301"
             column="37"/>
     </issue>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
         errorLine1="    protected class ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener extends TelephonyCallback"
         errorLine2="                                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
             line="96"
             column="62"/>
     </issue>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         errorLine1="            implements TelephonyCallback.ActiveDataSubscriptionIdListener {"
         errorLine2="                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
             line="97"
             column="24"/>
     </issue>
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
         errorLine1="        ctx.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class).registerTelephonyCallback("
         errorLine2="                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTracker.java"
             line="126"
             column="54"/>
     </issue>
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
index 5f7f539..03c3600 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivitySettingsManager.java
@@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public static Set<Integer> getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context) {
-        final String uidList = Settings.Secure.getString(
+        final String uidList = Settings.Global.getString(
                 context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
         return getUidSetFromString(uidList);
     }
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@
     public static void setUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(@NonNull Context context,
             @NonNull Set<Integer> uidList) {
         final String uids = getUidStringFromSet(uidList);
-        Settings.Secure.putString(context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
+        Settings.Global.putString(context.getContentResolver(), UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS,
                 uids);
     }
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
index 26cb1ed..9a58add 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/INetworkAgentRegistry.aidl
@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@
     void sendQosSessionLost(int qosCallbackId, in QosSession session);
     void sendQosCallbackError(int qosCallbackId, int exceptionType);
     void sendTeardownDelayMs(int teardownDelayMs);
+    void sendLingerDuration(int durationMs);
 }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index f65acdd..adcf338 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
@@ -106,6 +107,9 @@
     private final String LOG_TAG;
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     private static final boolean VDBG = false;
+    /** @hide */
+    @TestApi
+    public static final int MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS = 2000;
     private final ArrayList<RegistryAction> mPreConnectedQueue = new ArrayList<>();
     private volatile long mLastBwRefreshTime = 0;
     private static final long BW_REFRESH_MIN_WIN_MS = 500;
@@ -391,6 +395,15 @@
      */
     public static final int CMD_NETWORK_DESTROYED = BASE + 23;
 
+    /**
+     * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to set the linger duration for this network
+     * agent.
+     * arg1 = the linger duration, represents by {@link Duration}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED = BASE + 24;
+
     private static NetworkInfo getLegacyNetworkInfo(final NetworkAgentConfig config) {
         final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacySubType,
                 config.legacyTypeName, config.legacySubTypeName);
@@ -956,7 +969,6 @@
      * Must be called by the agent to update the score of this network.
      *
      * @param score the new score.
-     * @hide TODO : unhide when impl is complete
      */
     public final void sendNetworkScore(@NonNull NetworkScore score) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(score);
@@ -1288,6 +1300,22 @@
         queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendQosCallbackError(qosCallbackId, exceptionType));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set the linger duration for this network agent.
+     * @param duration the delay between the moment the network becomes unneeded and the
+     *                 moment the network is disconnected or moved into the background.
+     *                 Note that If this duration has greater than millisecond precision, then
+     *                 the internal implementation will drop any excess precision.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(@NonNull final Duration duration) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(duration);
+        final long durationMs = duration.toMillis();
+        if (durationMs < MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS || durationMs > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duration must be within ["
+                    + MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS + "," + Integer.MAX_VALUE + "]ms");
+        }
+        queueOrSendMessage(ra -> ra.sendLingerDuration((int) durationMs));
+    }
 
     /** @hide */
     protected void log(final String s) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
index cfb7325..0665af5 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkProvider.java
@@ -167,7 +167,15 @@
         ConnectivityManager.from(mContext).declareNetworkRequestUnfulfillable(request);
     }
 
-    /** @hide */
+    /**
+     * A callback for parties registering a NetworkOffer.
+     *
+     * This is used with {@link ConnectivityManager#offerNetwork}. When offering a network,
+     * the system will use this callback to inform the caller that a network corresponding to
+     * this offer is needed or unneeded.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     @SystemApi
     public interface NetworkOfferCallback {
         /**
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
index 0dee225..7be7deb 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkScore.java
@@ -48,7 +48,14 @@
     })
     public @interface KeepConnectedReason { }
 
+    /**
+     * Do not keep this network connected if there is no outstanding request for it.
+     */
     public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Keep this network connected even if there is no outstanding request for it, because it
+     * is being considered for handover.
+     */
     public static final int KEEP_CONNECTED_FOR_HANDOVER = 1;
 
     // Agent-managed policies
@@ -93,6 +100,10 @@
         mKeepConnectedReason = in.readInt();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the legacy int score embedded in this NetworkScore.
+     * @see Builder#setLegacyInt(int)
+     */
     public int getLegacyInt() {
         return mLegacyInt;
     }
@@ -212,7 +223,9 @@
         /**
          * Sets the legacy int for this score.
          *
-         * Do not rely on this. It will be gone by the time S is released.
+         * This will be used for measurements and logs, but will no longer be used for ranking
+         * networks against each other. Callers that existed before Android S should send what
+         * they used to send as the int score.
          *
          * @param score the legacy int
          * @return this
diff --git a/service/Android.bp b/service/Android.bp
index ec8887c..841e189 100644
--- a/service/Android.bp
+++ b/service/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libservice-connectivity",
-    // TODO: build against the NDK (sdk_version: "30" for example)
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
@@ -33,13 +33,12 @@
         "jni/onload.cpp",
     ],
     stl: "libc++_static",
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
         "liblog",
         "libnativehelper",
-        // TODO: remove dependency on ifc_[add/del]_address by having Java code to add/delete
-        // addresses, and remove dependency on libnetutils.
-        "libnetutils",
     ],
     apex_available: [
         "com.android.tethering",
@@ -49,6 +48,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
     sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     srcs: [
         "src/**/*.java",
         ":framework-connectivity-shared-srcs",
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@
         "service-connectivity-protos",
     ],
     apex_available: [
-        "//apex_available:platform",
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
@@ -87,6 +86,7 @@
 java_library {
     name: "service-connectivity-protos",
     sdk_version: "system_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     proto: {
         type: "nano",
     },
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@
     ],
     libs: ["libprotobuf-java-nano"],
     apex_available: [
-        "//apex_available:platform",
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
@@ -103,13 +102,13 @@
 java_library {
     name: "service-connectivity",
     sdk_version: "system_server_current",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     installable: true,
     static_libs: [
         "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     apex_available: [
-        "//apex_available:platform",
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
index 912d99f..f491cc7 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/Android.bp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 android_app {
     name: "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     sdk_version: "module_30",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
     resource_dirs: [
         "res",
     ],
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
index 36a6fde..e7a40e5 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_TestNetworkService.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "netutils/ifc.h"
-
 #include "jni.h"
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
@@ -48,9 +46,8 @@
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 static void throwException(JNIEnv* env, int error, const char* action, const char* iface) {
-    const std::string& msg =
-        android::base::StringPrintf("Error %s %s: %s", action, iface, strerror(error));
-
+    const std::string& msg = "Error: " + std::string(action) + " " + std::string(iface) +  ": "
+                + std::string(strerror(error));
     jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", msg.c_str());
 }
 
diff --git a/service/lint-baseline.xml b/service/lint-baseline.xml
index d606fb8..df57c22 100644
--- a/service/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/service/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
         errorLine1="            if (tm.isDataCapable()) {"
         errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
             line="791"
             column="20"/>
     </issue>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
         errorLine1="                mUserAllContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent, options);"
         errorLine2="                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
             line="2693"
             column="33"/>
     </issue>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
         errorLine1="            final int callingVersion = pm.getTargetSdkVersion(callingPackageName);"
         errorLine2="                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
         <location
-            file="frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java"
             line="5894"
             column="43"/>
     </issue>
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index f57761f..15b666a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -1400,8 +1400,8 @@
                 new NetworkInfo(TYPE_NONE, 0, "", ""),
                 new LinkProperties(), new NetworkCapabilities(),
                 new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(), mContext, null,
-                new NetworkAgentConfig(), this, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID, mQosCallbackTracker,
-                mDeps);
+                new NetworkAgentConfig(), this, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID,
+                mLingerDelayMs, mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
     }
 
     private static NetworkCapabilities createDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUid(int uid) {
@@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@
     @NonNull
     public List<NetworkStateSnapshot> getAllNetworkStateSnapshots() {
         // This contains IMSI details, so make sure the caller is privileged.
-        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
         final ArrayList<NetworkStateSnapshot> result = new ArrayList<>();
         for (Network network : getAllNetworks()) {
@@ -3234,6 +3234,11 @@
                     } else {
                         logwtf(nai.toShortString() + " set invalid teardown delay " + msg.arg1);
                     }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED: {
+                    nai.setLingerDuration((int) arg.second);
+                    break;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -4038,17 +4043,16 @@
                 // multilayer requests, returning as soon as a NetworkAgentInfo satisfies a request
                 // is important so as to not evaluate lower priority requests further in
                 // nri.mRequests.
-                final boolean isNetworkNeeded = candidate.isSatisfyingRequest(req.requestId)
-                        // Note that this catches two important cases:
-                        // 1. Unvalidated cellular will not be reaped when unvalidated WiFi
-                        //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
-                        //    cellular ends up validating but WiFi does not.
-                        // 2. Unvalidated WiFi will not be reaped when validated cellular
-                        //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
-                        //    WiFi ends up validating and out scoring cellular.
-                        || nri.getSatisfier().getCurrentScore()
-                        < candidate.getCurrentScoreAsValidated();
-                return isNetworkNeeded;
+                final NetworkAgentInfo champion = req.equals(nri.getActiveRequest())
+                        ? nri.getSatisfier() : null;
+                // Note that this catches two important cases:
+                // 1. Unvalidated cellular will not be reaped when unvalidated WiFi
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    cellular ends up validating but WiFi does not.
+                // 2. Unvalidated WiFi will not be reaped when validated cellular
+                //    is currently satisfying the request.  This is desirable when
+                //    WiFi ends up validating and out scoring cellular.
+                return mNetworkRanker.mightBeat(req, champion, candidate.getValidatedScoreable());
             }
         }
 
@@ -4305,7 +4309,7 @@
             // network, we should respect the user's option and don't need to popup the
             // PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY notification to user again.
             nai.networkAgentConfig.acceptPartialConnectivity = accept;
-            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate();
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
 
@@ -4373,6 +4377,7 @@
         }
         if (!nai.avoidUnvalidated) {
             nai.avoidUnvalidated = true;
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
         }
     }
@@ -4480,7 +4485,7 @@
 
     private void updateAvoidBadWifi() {
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
-            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate();
+            nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
         }
         rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
     }
@@ -6294,8 +6299,7 @@
     // there may not be a strict 1:1 correlation between the two.
     private final NetIdManager mNetIdManager;
 
-    // NetworkAgentInfo keyed off its connecting messenger
-    // TODO - eval if we can reduce the number of lists/hashmaps/sparsearrays
+    // Tracks all NetworkAgents that are currently registered.
     // NOTE: Only should be accessed on ConnectivityServiceThread, except dump().
     private final ArraySet<NetworkAgentInfo> mNetworkAgentInfos = new ArraySet<>();
 
@@ -6597,7 +6601,8 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(na,
                 new Network(mNetIdManager.reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), lp, nc,
                 currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig),
-                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, providerId, uid, mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
+                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, providerId, uid, mLingerDelayMs,
+                mQosCallbackTracker, mDeps);
 
         // Make sure the LinkProperties and NetworkCapabilities reflect what the agent info says.
         processCapabilitiesFromAgent(nai, nc);
@@ -6697,7 +6702,7 @@
             @NonNull final INetworkOfferCallback callback) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
         for (final NetworkOfferInfo noi : mNetworkOffers) {
-            if (noi.offer.callback.equals(callback)) return noi;
+            if (noi.offer.callback.asBinder().equals(callback.asBinder())) return noi;
         }
         return null;
     }
@@ -7255,6 +7260,7 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
 
         updateUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
+        nai.updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
 
         if (nai.getCurrentScore() == oldScore && newNc.equalRequestableCapabilities(prevNc)) {
             // If the requestable capabilities haven't changed, and the score hasn't changed, then
@@ -7445,7 +7451,7 @@
     public void handleUpdateLinkProperties(NetworkAgentInfo nai, LinkProperties newLp) {
         ensureRunningOnConnectivityServiceThread();
 
-        if (getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(nai.network.getNetId()) != nai) {
+        if (!mNetworkAgentInfos.contains(nai)) {
             // Ignore updates for disconnected networks
             return;
         }
@@ -7840,7 +7846,7 @@
                     log("   accepting network in place of " + previousSatisfier.toShortString());
                 }
                 previousSatisfier.removeRequest(previousRequest.requestId);
-                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(previousRequest.requestId, now, mLingerDelayMs);
+                previousSatisfier.lingerRequest(previousRequest.requestId, now);
             } else {
                 if (VDBG || DDBG) log("   accepting network in place of null");
             }
@@ -7850,6 +7856,7 @@
             // all networks except in the case of an underlying network for a VCN.
             if (newSatisfier.isNascent()) {
                 newSatisfier.unlingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE);
+                newSatisfier.unsetInactive();
             }
 
             // if newSatisfier is not null, then newRequest may not be null.
@@ -7885,7 +7892,7 @@
             @NonNull final Collection<NetworkRequestInfo> networkRequests) {
         final NetworkReassignment changes = new NetworkReassignment();
 
-        // Gather the list of all relevant agents and sort them by score.
+        // Gather the list of all relevant agents.
         final ArrayList<NetworkAgentInfo> nais = new ArrayList<>();
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos) {
             if (!nai.everConnected) {
@@ -8354,6 +8361,7 @@
             // But it will be removed as soon as the network satisfies a request for the first time.
             networkAgent.lingerRequest(NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE,
                     SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), mNascentDelayMs);
+            networkAgent.setInactive();
 
             // Consider network even though it is not yet validated.
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests();
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index a8a83fc..14cec09 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -91,17 +91,26 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE = 58;
 
+    // This network has been validated at least once since it was connected, but not explicitly
+    // avoided in UI.
+    // TODO : remove setAvoidUnvalidated and instead disconnect the network when the user
+    // chooses to move away from this network, and remove this flag.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD = 57;
+
     // To help iterate when printing
     @VisibleForTesting
-    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
+    static final int MIN_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
     @VisibleForTesting
     static final int MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY = POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 
     // Mask for policies in NetworkScore. This should have all bits managed by NetworkScore set
     // and all bits managed by FullScore unset. As bits are handled from 0 up in NetworkScore and
-    // from 63 down in FullScore, cut at the 32rd bit for simplicity, but change this if some day
+    // from 63 down in FullScore, cut at the 32nd bit for simplicity, but change this if some day
     // there are more than 32 bits handled on either side.
-    private static final int EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK = 0x0000FFFF;
+    // YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI is temporarily handled by ConnectivityService.
+    private static final long EXTERNAL_POLICIES_MASK =
+            0x00000000FFFFFFFFL & ~(1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI);
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     static @NonNull String policyNameOf(final int policy) {
@@ -115,6 +124,7 @@
             case POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY: return "TRANSPORT_PRIMARY";
             case POLICY_EXITING: return "EXITING";
             case POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE: return "INVINCIBLE";
+            case POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD: return "EVER_VALIDATED";
         }
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy : " + policy);
     }
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@
      * @param score the score supplied by the agent
      * @param caps the NetworkCapabilities of the network
      * @param config the NetworkAgentConfig of the network
+     * @param everValidated whether this network has ever validated
      * @param yieldToBadWiFi whether this network yields to a previously validated wifi gone bad
      * @return a FullScore that is appropriate to use for ranking.
      */
@@ -145,12 +156,13 @@
     // connectivity for backward compatibility.
     public static FullScore fromNetworkScore(@NonNull final NetworkScore score,
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps, @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
-            final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
+            final boolean everValidated, final boolean yieldToBadWiFi) {
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(),
                 score.getKeepConnectedReason(),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
                 caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWiFi,
@@ -179,6 +191,8 @@
         // Prospective scores are always unmetered, because unmetered networks are stronger
         // than metered networks, and it's not known in advance whether the network is metered.
         final boolean unmetered = true;
+        // If the offer may validate, then it should be considered to have validated at some point
+        final boolean everValidated = mayValidate;
         // The network hasn't been chosen by the user (yet, at least).
         final boolean everUserSelected = false;
         // Don't assume the user will accept unvalidated connectivity.
@@ -189,8 +203,8 @@
         // score.
         final boolean invincible = score.getLegacyInt() > NetworkRanker.LEGACY_INT_MAX;
         return withPolicies(score.getLegacyInt(), score.getPolicies(), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE,
-                mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated, yieldToBadWiFi,
-                invincible);
+                mayValidate, vpn, unmetered, everValidated, everUserSelected, acceptUnvalidated,
+                yieldToBadWiFi, invincible);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -204,11 +218,14 @@
     // telephony factory, so that it depends on the carrier. For now this is handled by
     // connectivity for backward compatibility.
     public FullScore mixInScore(@NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps,
-            @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config, final boolean yieldToBadWifi) {
+            @NonNull final NetworkAgentConfig config,
+            final boolean everValidated,
+            final boolean yieldToBadWifi) {
         return withPolicies(mLegacyInt, mPolicies, mKeepConnectedReason,
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED),
                 caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN),
                 caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED),
+                everValidated,
                 config.explicitlySelected,
                 config.acceptUnvalidated,
                 yieldToBadWifi,
@@ -224,6 +241,7 @@
             final boolean isValidated,
             final boolean isVpn,
             final boolean isUnmetered,
+            final boolean everValidated,
             final boolean everUserSelected,
             final boolean acceptUnvalidated,
             final boolean yieldToBadWiFi,
@@ -232,6 +250,7 @@
                 | (isValidated       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED : 0)
                 | (isVpn             ? 1L << POLICY_IS_VPN : 0)
                 | (isUnmetered       ? 1L << POLICY_IS_UNMETERED : 0)
+                | (everValidated     ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD : 0)
                 | (everUserSelected  ? 1L << POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED : 0)
                 | (acceptUnvalidated ? 1L << POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED : 0)
                 | (yieldToBadWiFi    ? 1L << POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI : 0)
@@ -240,6 +259,14 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns this score but validated.
+     */
+    public FullScore asValidated() {
+        return new FullScore(mLegacyInt, mPolicies | (1L << POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                mKeepConnectedReason);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * For backward compatibility, get the legacy int.
      * This will be removed before S is published.
      */
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 5d793fd..18becd4 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
@@ -281,6 +282,9 @@
      */
     public static final int ARG_AGENT_SUCCESS = 1;
 
+    // How long this network should linger for.
+    private int mLingerDurationMs;
+
     // All inactivity timers for this network, sorted by expiry time. A timer is added whenever
     // a request is moved to a network with a better score, regardless of whether the network is or
     // was lingering or not. An inactivity timer is also added when a network connects
@@ -349,7 +353,8 @@
             @NonNull NetworkScore score, Context context,
             Handler handler, NetworkAgentConfig config, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
             IDnsResolver dnsResolver, int factorySerialNumber, int creatorUid,
-            QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker, ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
+            int lingerDurationMs, QosCallbackTracker qosCallbackTracker,
+            ConnectivityService.Dependencies deps) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(net);
         Objects.requireNonNull(info);
         Objects.requireNonNull(lp);
@@ -370,6 +375,7 @@
         mHandler = handler;
         this.factorySerialNumber = factorySerialNumber;
         this.creatorUid = creatorUid;
+        mLingerDurationMs = lingerDurationMs;
         mQosCallbackTracker = qosCallbackTracker;
     }
 
@@ -685,6 +691,12 @@
             mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_TEARDOWN_DELAY_CHANGED,
                     teardownDelayMs, 0, new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, null)).sendToTarget();
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+            mHandler.obtainMessage(NetworkAgent.EVENT_LINGER_DURATION_CHANGED,
+                    new Pair<>(NetworkAgentInfo.this, durationMs)).sendToTarget();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -707,7 +719,8 @@
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
-        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, yieldToBadWiFi());
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidatedForYield(),
+                yieldToBadWiFi());
         final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
         if (nm != null) {
             nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
@@ -893,7 +906,7 @@
     // Caller must not mutate. This method is called frequently and making a defensive copy
     // would be too expensive. This is used by NetworkRanker.Scoreable, so it can be compared
     // against other scoreables.
-    @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCaps() {
+    @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
         return networkCapabilities;
     }
 
@@ -919,7 +932,7 @@
      */
     public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
         mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
-                yieldToBadWiFi());
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -927,8 +940,33 @@
      *
      * Call this after updating the network agent config.
      */
-    public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentConfigUpdate() {
-        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, yieldToBadWiFi());
+    public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
+        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
+                everValidatedForYield(), yieldToBadWiFi());
+    }
+
+    private boolean everValidatedForYield() {
+        return everValidated && !avoidUnvalidated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     *
+     * This is useful to probe what scoring would be if this network validated, to know
+     * whether to provisionally keep a network that may or may not validate.
+     *
+     * @return a Scoreable identical to this NAI, but validated.
+     */
+    public NetworkRanker.Scoreable getValidatedScoreable() {
+        return new NetworkRanker.Scoreable() {
+            @Override public FullScore getScore() {
+                return mScore.asValidated();
+            }
+
+            @Override public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
+                return networkCapabilities;
+            }
+        };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -948,13 +986,14 @@
 
     /**
      * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the specified time. Called by
-     * ConnectivityService when the request is moved to another network with a higher score, or
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score, or
      * when a network is newly created.
      *
      * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
      *                  network. Or {@link NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE} if this is the
-     *                  {@code LingerTimer} for a newly created network.
+     *                  {@code InactivityTimer} for a newly created network.
      */
+    // TODO: Consider creating a dedicated function for nascent network, e.g. start/stopNascent.
     public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now, long duration) {
         if (mInactivityTimerForRequest.get(requestId) != null) {
             // Cannot happen. Once a request is lingering on a particular network, we cannot
@@ -970,6 +1009,19 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Sets the specified requestId to linger on this network for the timeout set when
+     * initializing or modified by {@link #setLingerDuration(int)}. Called by
+     * ConnectivityService when any request is moved to another network with a higher score.
+     *
+     * @param requestId The requestId of the request that no longer need to be served by this
+     *                  network.
+     * @param now current system timestamp obtained by {@code SystemClock.elapsedRealtime}.
+     */
+    public void lingerRequest(int requestId, long now) {
+        lingerRequest(requestId, now, mLingerDurationMs);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Cancel lingering. Called by ConnectivityService when a request is added to this network.
      * Returns true if the given requestId was lingering on this network, false otherwise.
      */
@@ -1006,6 +1058,7 @@
         }
 
         if (newExpiry > 0) {
+            // If the newExpiry timestamp is in the past, the wakeup message will fire immediately.
             mInactivityMessage = new WakeupMessage(
                     mContext, mHandler,
                     "NETWORK_LINGER_COMPLETE." + network.getNetId() /* cmdName */,
@@ -1035,8 +1088,33 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Return whether the network is just connected and about to be torn down because of not
-     * satisfying any request.
+     * Set the linger duration for this NAI.
+     * @param durationMs The new linger duration, in milliseconds.
+     */
+    public void setLingerDuration(final int durationMs) {
+        final long diff = durationMs - mLingerDurationMs;
+        final ArrayList<InactivityTimer> newTimers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final InactivityTimer timer : mInactivityTimers) {
+            if (timer.requestId == NetworkRequest.REQUEST_ID_NONE) {
+                // Don't touch nascent timer, re-add as is.
+                newTimers.add(timer);
+            } else {
+                newTimers.add(new InactivityTimer(timer.requestId, timer.expiryMs + diff));
+            }
+        }
+        mInactivityTimers.clear();
+        mInactivityTimers.addAll(newTimers);
+        updateInactivityTimer();
+        mLingerDurationMs = durationMs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return whether the network satisfies no request, but is still being kept up
+     * because it has just connected less than
+     * {@code ConnectivityService#DEFAULT_NASCENT_DELAY_MS}ms ago and is thus still considered
+     * nascent. Note that nascent mechanism uses inactivity timer which isn't
+     * associated with a request. Thus, use {@link NetworkRequest#REQUEST_ID_NONE} to identify it.
+     *
      */
     public boolean isNascent() {
         return mInactive && mInactivityTimers.size() == 1
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
index 5336593..8285e7a 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkOffer.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     /**
      * Get the capabilities filter of this offer
      */
-    @Override @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities getCaps() {
+    @Override @NonNull public NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy() {
         return caps;
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
      * @param previousOffer the previous offer
      */
     public void migrateFrom(@NonNull final NetworkOffer previousOffer) {
-        if (!callback.equals(previousOffer.callback)) {
+        if (!callback.asBinder().equals(previousOffer.callback.asBinder())) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can only migrate from a previous version of"
                     + " the same offer");
         }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
index 3aaff59..e839837 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRanker.java
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY;
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils.filter;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_INVINCIBLE;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VALIDATED;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN;
@@ -58,25 +60,13 @@
         /** Get score of this scoreable */
         FullScore getScore();
         /** Get capabilities of this scoreable */
-        NetworkCapabilities getCaps();
+        NetworkCapabilities getCapsNoCopy();
     }
 
-    private static final boolean USE_POLICY_RANKING = false;
+    private static final boolean USE_POLICY_RANKING = true;
 
     public NetworkRanker() { }
 
-    // TODO : move to module utils CollectionUtils.
-    @NonNull private static <T> ArrayList<T> filter(@NonNull final Collection<T> source,
-            @NonNull final Predicate<T> test) {
-        final ArrayList<T> matches = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (final T e : source) {
-            if (test.test(e)) {
-                matches.add(e);
-            }
-        }
-        return matches;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Find the best network satisfying this request among the list of passed networks.
      */
@@ -158,11 +148,12 @@
         if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
         if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) candidates = new ArrayList<>(accepted);
 
-        // Yield to bad wifi policy : if any wifi has ever been validated, keep only networks
-        // that don't yield to such a wifi network.
+        // Yield to bad wifi policy : if any wifi has ever been validated (even if it's now
+        // unvalidated), and unless it's been explicitly avoided when bad in UI, then keep only
+        // networks that don't yield to such a wifi network.
         final boolean anyWiFiEverValidated = CollectionUtils.any(candidates,
-                nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_USER_SELECTED)
-                        && nai.getCaps().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+                nai -> nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_EVER_VALIDATED_NOT_AVOIDED_WHEN_BAD)
+                        && nai.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
         if (anyWiFiEverValidated) {
             partitionInto(candidates, nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI),
                     accepted, rejected);
@@ -206,18 +197,18 @@
         for (final Scoreable defaultSubNai : accepted) {
             // Remove all networks without the DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION policy and the same transports
             // as a network that has it.
-            final int[] transports = defaultSubNai.getCaps().getTransportTypes();
+            final int[] transports = defaultSubNai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes();
             candidates.removeIf(nai -> !nai.getScore().hasPolicy(POLICY_TRANSPORT_PRIMARY)
-                    && Arrays.equals(transports, nai.getCaps().getTransportTypes()));
+                    && Arrays.equals(transports, nai.getCapsNoCopy().getTransportTypes()));
         }
         if (1 == candidates.size()) return candidates.get(0);
-        // It's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0 because there is at least one with DEFAULT_SUB
-        // policy and only those without it were removed.
+        // It's guaranteed candidates.size() > 0 because there is at least one with the
+        // TRANSPORT_PRIMARY policy and only those without it were removed.
 
         // If some of the networks have a better transport than others, keep only the ones with
         // the best transports.
         for (final int transport : PREFERRED_TRANSPORTS_ORDER) {
-            partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getCaps().hasTransport(transport),
+            partitionInto(candidates, nai -> nai.getCapsNoCopy().hasTransport(transport),
                     accepted, rejected);
             if (accepted.size() == 1) return accepted.get(0);
             if (accepted.size() > 0 && rejected.size() > 0) {
@@ -243,16 +234,17 @@
         NetworkAgentInfo bestNetwork = null;
         int bestScore = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         for (final NetworkAgentInfo nai : nais) {
-            if (nai.getCurrentScore() > bestScore) {
+            final int naiScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
+            if (naiScore > bestScore) {
                 bestNetwork = nai;
-                bestScore = nai.getCurrentScore();
+                bestScore = naiScore;
             }
         }
         return bestNetwork;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an offer has a chance to beat a champion network for a request.
+     * Returns whether a {@link Scoreable} has a chance to beat a champion network for a request.
      *
      * Offers are sent by network providers when they think they might be able to make a network
      * with the characteristics contained in the offer. If the offer has no chance to beat
@@ -266,15 +258,15 @@
      *
      * @param request The request to evaluate against.
      * @param champion The currently best network for this request.
-     * @param offer The offer.
+     * @param contestant The offer.
      * @return Whether the offer stands a chance to beat the champion.
      */
     public boolean mightBeat(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
             @Nullable final NetworkAgentInfo champion,
-            @NonNull final NetworkOffer offer) {
+            @NonNull final Scoreable contestant) {
         // If this network can't even satisfy the request then it can't beat anything, not
         // even an absence of network. It can't satisfy it anyway.
-        if (!request.canBeSatisfiedBy(offer.caps)) return false;
+        if (!request.canBeSatisfiedBy(contestant.getCapsNoCopy())) return false;
         // If there is no satisfying network, then this network can beat, because some network
         // is always better than no network.
         if (null == champion) return true;
@@ -283,25 +275,24 @@
             // Otherwise rank them.
             final ArrayList<Scoreable> candidates = new ArrayList<>();
             candidates.add(champion);
-            candidates.add(offer);
-            return offer == getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, champion);
+            candidates.add(contestant);
+            return contestant == getBestNetworkByPolicy(candidates, champion);
         } else {
-            return mightBeatByLegacyInt(request, champion.getScore(), offer);
+            return mightBeatByLegacyInt(champion.getScore(), contestant);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns whether an offer might beat a champion according to the legacy int.
+     * Returns whether a contestant might beat a champion according to the legacy int.
      */
-    public boolean mightBeatByLegacyInt(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request,
-            @Nullable final FullScore championScore,
-            @NonNull final NetworkOffer offer) {
+    private boolean mightBeatByLegacyInt(@Nullable final FullScore championScore,
+            @NonNull final Scoreable contestant) {
         final int offerIntScore;
-        if (offer.caps.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
+        if (contestant.getCapsNoCopy().hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) {
             // If the offer might have Internet access, then it might validate.
-            offerIntScore = offer.score.getLegacyIntAsValidated();
+            offerIntScore = contestant.getScore().getLegacyIntAsValidated();
         } else {
-            offerIntScore = offer.score.getLegacyInt();
+            offerIntScore = contestant.getScore().getLegacyInt();
         }
         return championScore.getLegacyInt() < offerIntScore;
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 0d4dcad..32e06e5 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
         // Register UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS setting observer
         mDeps.registerContentObserver(
                 userAllContext,
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                 false /* notifyForDescendants */,
                 new ContentObserver(null) {
                     @Override
diff --git a/tests/common/Android.bp b/tests/common/Android.bp
index dc66870..e8963b9 100644
--- a/tests/common/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/common/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@
 
 java_library {
     name: "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
-    srcs: ["java/**/*.java", "java/**/*.kt"],
+    defaults: ["framework-connectivity-test-defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "java/**/*.java",
+        "java/**/*.kt",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.core_core",
         "androidx.test.rules",
@@ -38,3 +42,22 @@
         "android.test.base.stubs",
     ],
 }
+
+// defaults for tests that need to build against framework-connectivity's @hide APIs
+// Only usable from targets that have visibility on framework-connectivity.impl.
+// Instead of using this, consider avoiding to depend on hidden connectivity APIs in
+// tests.
+java_defaults {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+    sdk_version: "core_platform", // tests can use @CorePlatformApi's
+    libs: [
+        // order matters: classes in framework-connectivity are resolved before framework,
+        // meaning @hide APIs in framework-connectivity are resolved before @SystemApi
+        // stubs in framework
+        "framework-connectivity.impl",
+        "framework",
+
+        // if sdk_version="" this gets automatically included, but here we need to add manually.
+        "framework-res",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
index 2b45b3d..afaae1c 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
     fun testBuilder() {
+        val testExtraInfo = "mylegacyExtraInfo"
         val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().apply {
             setExplicitlySelected(true)
             setLegacyType(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET)
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@
             setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
             setLegacyTypeName("TEST_NETWORK")
             if (isAtLeastS()) {
+                setLegacyExtraInfo(testExtraInfo)
                 setNat64DetectionEnabled(false)
                 setProvisioningNotificationEnabled(false)
                 setBypassableVpn(true)
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@
         assertTrue(config.isUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable())
         assertEquals("TEST_NETWORK", config.getLegacyTypeName())
         if (isAtLeastS()) {
+            assertEquals(testExtraInfo, config.getLegacyExtraInfo())
             assertFalse(config.isNat64DetectionEnabled())
             assertFalse(config.isProvisioningNotificationEnabled())
             assertTrue(config.isBypassableVpn())
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 33f704f..0075b54 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -74,9 +74,11 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
@@ -107,9 +109,12 @@
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.State;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager;
 import android.net.TetheringManager;
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@
 import android.os.VintfRuntimeInfo;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
@@ -178,6 +184,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@@ -439,6 +446,68 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private String getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(Network cellNetwork) {
+        final NetworkCapabilities cellCaps = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(cellNetwork);
+        final NetworkSpecifier specifier = cellCaps.getNetworkSpecifier();
+        assertTrue(specifier instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier);
+        // Get subscription from Telephony network specifier.
+        final int subId = ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) specifier).getSubscriptionId();
+        assertNotEquals(SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID, subId);
+
+        // Get subscriber Id from telephony manager.
+        final TelephonyManager tm = mContext.getSystemService(TelephonyManager.class);
+        return runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> tm.getSubscriberId(subId),
+                android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE);
+    }
+
+    @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAllNetworkStateSnapshots()
+            throws InterruptedException {
+        // Make sure cell is active to retrieve IMSI for verification in later step.
+        final Network cellNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.connectToCell();
+        final String subscriberId = getSubscriberIdForCellNetwork(cellNetwork);
+        assertFalse(TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId));
+
+        // Verify the API cannot be called without proper permission.
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots());
+
+        // Get all networks, verify the result of getAllNetworkStateSnapshots matches the result
+        // got from other APIs.
+        final Network[] networks = mCm.getAllNetworks();
+        assertGreaterOrEqual(networks.length, 1);
+        final List<NetworkStateSnapshot> snapshots = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                () -> mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots(), NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        assertEquals(networks.length, snapshots.size());
+        for (final Network network : networks) {
+            // Can't use a lambda because it will cause the test to crash on R with
+            // NoClassDefFoundError.
+            NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot = null;
+            for (NetworkStateSnapshot item : snapshots) {
+                if (item.getNetwork().equals(network)) {
+                    snapshot = item;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            assertNotNull(snapshot);
+            final NetworkCapabilities caps =
+                    Objects.requireNonNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(network));
+            // Redact specifier of the capabilities of the snapshot before comparing since
+            // the result returned from getNetworkCapabilities always get redacted.
+            final NetworkSpecifier redactedSnapshotCapSpecifier =
+                    snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().getNetworkSpecifier().redact();
+            assertEquals("", caps.describeImmutableDifferences(
+                    snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities()
+                            .setNetworkSpecifier(redactedSnapshotCapSpecifier)));
+            assertEquals(mCm.getLinkProperties(network), snapshot.getLinkProperties());
+            assertEquals(mCm.getNetworkInfo(network).getType(), snapshot.getLegacyType());
+
+            if (network.equals(cellNetwork)) {
+                assertEquals(subscriberId, snapshot.getSubscriberId());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Tests that connections can be opened on WiFi and cellphone networks,
      * and that they are made from different IP addresses.
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
index 10e43e7..c54ee91 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecBaseTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -31,6 +39,12 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
@@ -42,12 +56,10 @@
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.SocketException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public class IpSecBaseTest {
 
@@ -71,6 +83,18 @@
         0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23
     };
 
+    private static final Set<String> MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P = new HashSet<>();
+
+    static {
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(CRYPT_AES_CBC);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_MD5);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA1);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA256);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA384);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_HMAC_SHA512);
+        MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.add(AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM);
+    }
+
     protected static final byte[] AUTH_KEY = getKey(256);
     protected static final byte[] CRYPT_KEY = getKey(256);
 
@@ -89,8 +113,24 @@
                                 .getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
     }
 
+    /** Checks if an IPsec algorithm is enabled on the device */
+    protected static boolean hasIpSecAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
+            return IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms().contains(algorithm);
+        } else {
+            return MANDATORY_IPSEC_ALGOS_SINCE_P.contains(algorithm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static byte[] getKeyBytes(int byteLength) {
+        return Arrays.copyOf(KEY_DATA, byteLength);
+    }
+
     protected static byte[] getKey(int bitLength) {
-        return Arrays.copyOf(KEY_DATA, bitLength / 8);
+        if (bitLength % 8 != 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid key length in bits" + bitLength);
+        }
+        return getKeyBytes(bitLength / 8);
     }
 
     protected static int getDomain(InetAddress address) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
index d08f6e9..e7e1d67 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/IpSecManagerTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,33 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_CMAC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_AES_XCBC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_MD5;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA1;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA256;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA384;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_HMAC_SHA512;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC;
+import static android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_CTR_KEY_LEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_GCM_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN;
+import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP4_HDRLEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.IP6_HDRLEN;
 import static android.net.cts.PacketUtils.TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT;
@@ -27,15 +50,20 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getFirstApiLevel;
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getVendorApiLevel;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.IpSecTransform;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
@@ -44,8 +72,11 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -56,10 +87,15 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @AppModeFull(reason = "Socket cannot bind in instant app mode")
 public class IpSecManagerTest extends IpSecBaseTest {
+    @Rule public final DevSdkIgnoreRule ignoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
 
     private static final String TAG = IpSecManagerTest.class.getSimpleName();
 
@@ -417,8 +453,12 @@
         switch (cryptOrAead.getName()) {
             case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC:
                 return AES_CBC_IV_LEN;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                return AES_CTR_IV_LEN;
             case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM:
                 return AES_GCM_IV_LEN;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                return CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "IV length unknown for algorithm" + cryptOrAead.getName());
@@ -433,8 +473,12 @@
         switch (cryptOrAead.getName()) {
             case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC:
                 return AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                return AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE;
             case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM:
                 return AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE;
+            case IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                return CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "Blk size unknown for algorithm" + cryptOrAead.getName());
@@ -516,7 +560,6 @@
             int blkSize,
             int truncLenBits)
             throws Exception {
-
         int innerPacketSize = TEST_DATA.length + transportHdrLen + ipHdrLen;
         int outerPacketSize =
                 PacketUtils.calculateEspPacketSize(
@@ -663,6 +706,41 @@
     //     checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, true, 1000);
     // }
 
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @Test
+    public void testGetSupportedAlgorithms() throws Exception {
+        final Map<String, Integer> algoToRequiredMinSdk = new HashMap<>();
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(CRYPT_AES_CBC, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_MD5, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, Build.VERSION_CODES.P);
+
+        // TODO: b/170424293 Use Build.VERSION_CODES.S when is finalized
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(CRYPT_AES_CTR, Build.VERSION_CODES.R + 1);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_AES_CMAC, Build.VERSION_CODES.R + 1);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_AES_XCBC, Build.VERSION_CODES.R + 1);
+        algoToRequiredMinSdk.put(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, Build.VERSION_CODES.R + 1);
+
+        final Set<String> supportedAlgos = IpSecAlgorithm.getSupportedAlgorithms();
+
+        // Verify all supported algorithms are valid
+        for (String algo : supportedAlgos) {
+            assertTrue("Found invalid algo " + algo, algoToRequiredMinSdk.keySet().contains(algo));
+        }
+
+        // Verify all mandatory algorithms are supported
+        for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : algoToRequiredMinSdk.entrySet()) {
+            if (Math.min(getFirstApiLevel(), getVendorApiLevel()) >= entry.getValue()) {
+                assertTrue(
+                        "Fail to support " + entry.getKey(),
+                        supportedAlgos.contains(entry.getKey()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testInterfaceCountersUdp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
@@ -849,6 +927,152 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildCryptAesCtr() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR, getKeyBytes(AES_CTR_KEY_LEN));
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthHmacSha512() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, getKeyBytes(HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN), HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "b/186608065 - kernel 5.10 regression in TrafficStats with ipsec")
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildCryptAesCbc() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthAesXcbc() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKeyBytes(AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN), AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthAesCmac() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKeyBytes(AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN), AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "b/186608065 - kernel 5.10 regression in TrafficStats with ipsec")
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesXcbc();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "b/186608065 - kernel 5.10 regression in TrafficStats with ipsec")
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCbc();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthAesCmac();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Tcp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
@@ -948,6 +1172,48 @@
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
     }
 
+    private static IpSecAlgorithm buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305() throws Exception {
+        return new IpSecAlgorithm(
+                AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, AEAD_KEY, CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN * 8);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "b/186608065 - kernel 5.10 regression in TrafficStats with ipsec")
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp4() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp6() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV6_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, false, 1, true);
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testAesCbcHmacMd5Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
@@ -1029,6 +1295,66 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCtrHmacSha512Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CTR));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = buildCryptAesCtr();
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = buildAuthHmacSha512();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesXCbcUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_XCBC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacTcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAesCbcAesCmacUdp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
+        final IpSecAlgorithm auth = new IpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_AES_CMAC, getKey(128), 96);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, auth, null, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testAesGcm64Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt =
                 new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, AEAD_KEY, 64);
@@ -1077,6 +1403,24 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Tcp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_TCP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChaCha20Poly1305Udp4UdpEncap() throws Exception {
+        assumeTrue(hasIpSecAlgorithm(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305));
+
+        final IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = buildAuthCryptChaCha20Poly1305();
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, false);
+        checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, null, null, authCrypt, true, 1, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testCryptUdp4() throws Exception {
         IpSecAlgorithm crypt = new IpSecAlgorithm(IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_AES_CBC, CRYPT_KEY);
         checkTransform(IPPROTO_UDP, IPV4_LOOPBACK, crypt, null, null, false, 1, false);
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index dac2e5c..8e2b310 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 package android.net.cts
 
+import android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS
 import android.app.Instrumentation
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
@@ -68,14 +69,18 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.Looper
 import android.os.Message
+import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.ThrowingSupplier
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Available
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Losing
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.Lost
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
@@ -114,6 +119,7 @@
 // requests filed by the test and should never match normal internet requests. 70 is the default
 // score of Ethernet networks, it's as good a value as any other.
 private const val TEST_NETWORK_SCORE = 70
+private const val WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE = 65
 private const val BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE = 75
 private const val FAKE_NET_ID = 1098
 private val instrumentation: Instrumentation
@@ -329,7 +335,8 @@
         context: Context = realContext,
         name: String? = null,
         initialNc: NetworkCapabilities? = null,
-        initialLp: LinkProperties? = null
+        initialLp: LinkProperties? = null,
+        initialConfig: NetworkAgentConfig? = null
     ): TestableNetworkAgent {
         val nc = initialNc ?: NetworkCapabilities().apply {
             addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
@@ -349,7 +356,7 @@
             addLinkAddress(LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32))
             addRoute(RouteInfo(IpPrefix("0.0.0.0/0"), null, null))
         }
-        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
+        val config = initialConfig ?: NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build()
         return TestableNetworkAgent(context, mHandlerThread.looper, nc, lp, config).also {
             agentsToCleanUp.add(it)
         }
@@ -543,16 +550,23 @@
         // Connect the first Network
         createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name1).let { (agent1, _) ->
             callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network)
-            // Upgrade agent1 to a better score so that there is no ambiguity when
-            // agent2 connects that agent1 is still better
-            agent1.sendNetworkScore(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE - 1)
+            // If using the int ranking, agent1 must be upgraded to a better score so that there is
+            // no ambiguity when agent2 connects that agent1 is still better. If using policy
+            // ranking, this is not necessary.
+            agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                    .build())
             // Connect the second agent
             createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name2).let { (agent2, _) ->
                 agent2.markConnected()
-                // The callback should not see anything yet
+                // The callback should not see anything yet. With int ranking, agent1 was upgraded
+                // to a stronger score beforehand. With policy ranking, agent1 is preferred by
+                // virtue of already satisfying the request.
                 callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
-                // Now update the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
-                agent2.sendNetworkScore(BETTER_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                // Now downgrade the score and expect the callback now prefers agent2
+                agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder()
+                        .setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                        .setExiting(true)
+                        .build())
                 callback.expectCallback<Available>(agent2.network)
             }
         }
@@ -768,4 +782,96 @@
 
         // tearDown() will unregister the requests and agents
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetLingerDuration() {
+        // This test will create two networks and check that the one with the stronger
+        // score wins out for a request that matches them both. And the weaker agent will
+        // be disconnected after customized linger duration.
+
+        // Connect the first Network
+        val name1 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val name2 = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val (agent1, callback) = createConnectedNetworkAgent(name = name1)
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+        // Downgrade agent1 to a worse score so that there is no ambiguity when
+        // agent2 connects.
+        agent1.sendNetworkScore(NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(WORSE_NETWORK_SCORE)
+                .setExiting(true).build())
+
+        // Verify invalid linger duration cannot be set.
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(-1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> { agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ZERO) }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MIN_VALUE.toLong()))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong() + 1))
+        }
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(
+                    NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - 1))
+        }
+        // Verify valid linger timer can be set, but it should not take effect since the network
+        // is still needed.
+        agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE.toLong()))
+        callback.assertNoCallback(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)
+        // Set to the value we want to verify the functionality.
+        agent1.setLingerDuration(Duration.ofMillis(NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong()))
+        // Make a listener which can observe agent1 lost later.
+        val callbackWeaker = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(name1))
+                .build(), callbackWeaker)
+        callbackWeaker.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent1.network!!)
+
+        // Connect the second agent with a score better than agent1. Verify the callback for
+        // agent1 sees the linger expiry while the callback for both sees the winner.
+        // Record linger start timestamp prior to send score to prevent possible race, the actual
+        // timestamp should be slightly late than this since the service handles update
+        // network score asynchronously.
+        val lingerStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        val agent2 = createNetworkAgent(name = name2)
+        agent2.register()
+        agent2.markConnected()
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacks(agent2.network!!)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Losing>(agent1.network!!)
+        val expectedRemainingLingerDuration = lingerStart +
+                NetworkAgent.MIN_LINGER_TIMER_MS.toLong() - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
+        // If the available callback is too late. The remaining duration will be reduced.
+        assertTrue(expectedRemainingLingerDuration > 0,
+                "expected remaining linger duration is $expectedRemainingLingerDuration")
+        callbackWeaker.assertNoCallback(expectedRemainingLingerDuration)
+        callbackWeaker.expectCallback<Lost>(agent1.network!!)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    fun testSetSubscriberId() {
+        val name = "TEST-AGENT"
+        val imsi = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
+        val config = NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setSubscriberId(imsi).build()
+
+        val request: NetworkRequest = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_TEST)
+                .setNetworkSpecifier(CompatUtil.makeEthernetNetworkSpecifier(name))
+                .build()
+        val callback = TestableNetworkCallback(timeoutMs = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        requestNetwork(request, callback)
+
+        val agent = createNetworkAgent(name = name, initialConfig = config)
+        agent.register()
+        agent.markConnected()
+        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(agent.network!!)
+        val snapshots = runWithShellPermissionIdentity(ThrowingSupplier {
+                mCM!!.allNetworkStateSnapshots }, NETWORK_SETTINGS)
+        val testNetworkSnapshot = snapshots.findLast { it.network == agent.network }
+        assertEquals(imsi, testNetworkSnapshot!!.subscriberId)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
index 0aedecb..7e622f6 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/PacketUtils.java
@@ -43,17 +43,35 @@
     static final int UDP_HDRLEN = 8;
     static final int TCP_HDRLEN = 20;
     static final int TCP_HDRLEN_WITH_TIMESTAMP_OPT = TCP_HDRLEN + 12;
+    static final int ESP_BLK_SIZE = 4; // ESP has to be 4-byte aligned
 
     // Not defined in OsConstants
     static final int IPPROTO_IPV4 = 4;
     static final int IPPROTO_ESP = 50;
 
     // Encryption parameters
-    static final int AES_GCM_IV_LEN = 8;
     static final int AES_CBC_IV_LEN = 16;
-    static final int AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE = 4;
     static final int AES_CBC_BLK_SIZE = 16;
 
+    static final int AES_CTR_KEY_LEN = 20;
+    static final int AES_CTR_BLK_SIZE = ESP_BLK_SIZE;
+    static final int AES_CTR_IV_LEN = 8;
+
+    // AEAD parameters
+    static final int AES_GCM_IV_LEN = 8;
+    static final int AES_GCM_BLK_SIZE = 4;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_BLK_SIZE = ESP_BLK_SIZE;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_LEN = 8;
+    static final int CHACHA20_POLY1305_ICV_LEN = 16;
+
+    // Authentication parameters
+    static final int HMAC_SHA512_KEY_LEN = 64;
+    static final int HMAC_SHA512_ICV_LEN = 32;
+    static final int AES_XCBC_KEY_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_XCBC_ICV_LEN = 12;
+    static final int AES_CMAC_KEY_LEN = 16;
+    static final int AES_CMAC_ICV_LEN = 12;
+
     // Encryption algorithms
     static final String AES = "AES";
     static final String AES_CBC = "AES/CBC/NoPadding";
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
index 88a2068..b5f1208 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/Android.bp
@@ -26,5 +26,6 @@
         "compatibility-device-util-axt",
         "junit",
         "net-tests-utils",
+        "modules-utils-build",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
index f9c4794..4abbecc 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/util/java/android/net/cts/util/CtsNetUtils.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
 import static android.net.wifi.WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION;
 
+import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.PropertyUtil.getFirstApiLevel;
 import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -55,7 +56,6 @@
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.OsConstants;
@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@
     /** Checks if FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS is enabled on the device */
     public boolean hasIpsecTunnelsFeature() {
         return mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
-                || SystemProperties.getInt("ro.product.first_api_level", 0)
-                        >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
+                || getFirstApiLevel() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 9a0c422..6b7921b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -47,28 +47,30 @@
 
 android_test {
     name: "FrameworksNetTests",
-    defaults: ["FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "framework-connectivity-test-defaults",
+        "FrameworksNetTests-jni-defaults",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "java/**/*.java",
         "java/**/*.kt",
     ],
-    platform_apis: true,
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-    certificate: "platform",
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     static_libs: [
         "androidx.test.rules",
         "bouncycastle-repackaged-unbundled",
-        "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
         "frameworks-base-testutils",
         "frameworks-net-integration-testutils",
         "framework-protos",
-        "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
+        "mockito-target-extended-minus-junit4",
         "net-tests-utils",
         "platform-test-annotations",
         "service-connectivity-pre-jarjar",
         "services.core",
         "services.net",
+        // At the bottom to prefer test libraries above instead of those in the common tests
+        "FrameworksNetCommonTests",
     ],
     libs: [
         "android.net.ipsec.ike.stubs.module_lib",
@@ -78,6 +80,9 @@
         "ServiceConnectivityResources",
     ],
     jni_libs: [
+        // For mockito extended
+        "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
+        "libstaticjvmtiagent",
         "libservice-connectivity",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
index d08b2f8..18653dc 100644
--- a/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/unit/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER" />
     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE" />
 
-    <application>
+    <!-- Debuggable is necessary for mockito extended -->
+    <application android:debuggable="true">
         <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
         <uses-library android:name="android.net.ipsec.ike" />
     </application>
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 591e0cc..b1b4218 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.nullable;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@
         ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
         NetworkRequest request = makeRequest(1);
         NetworkCallback callback = mock(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        doCallRealMethod().when(callback).onAvailable(any(), any(), any(), anyInt());
         Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         ArgumentCaptor<Messenger> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Messenger.class);
 
@@ -244,6 +246,7 @@
         NetworkRequest req1 = makeRequest(1);
         NetworkRequest req2 = makeRequest(2);
         NetworkCallback callback = mock(ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.class);
+        doCallRealMethod().when(callback).onAvailable(any(), any(), any(), anyInt());
         Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         ArgumentCaptor<Messenger> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Messenger.class);
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index b0a9b8a..370179c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Handler;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
         mServiceHandler = spy(MockServiceHandler.create(mContext));
-        when(mService.getMessenger()).thenReturn(new Messenger(mServiceHandler));
+        doReturn(new Messenger(mServiceHandler)).when(mService).getMessenger();
 
         mManager = makeManager();
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
index 25aa626..9291532 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/util/MultinetworkPolicyTrackerTest.kt
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
         doReturn(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE).`when`(it)
                 .getSystemServiceName(TelephonyManager::class.java)
         doReturn(telephonyManager).`when`(it).getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)
+        doReturn(telephonyManager).`when`(it).getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)
         doReturn(subscriptionManager).`when`(it)
                 .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE)
         doReturn(resolver).`when`(it).contentResolver
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 7ba415b..2c19cb8 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD;
 import static android.app.PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED;
@@ -130,6 +134,7 @@
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertRunsInAtMost;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertSameElements;
 import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -255,6 +260,7 @@
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
 import android.net.util.MultinetworkPolicyTracker;
 import android.os.BadParcelableException;
+import android.os.BatteryStatsManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -412,6 +418,7 @@
             UserHandle.getUid(TEST_WORK_PROFILE_USER_ID, TEST_APP_ID);
     private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
     private static final String MOBILE_IFNAME = "test_rmnet_data0";
+    private static final String CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME = CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME;
     private static final String WIFI_IFNAME = "test_wlan0";
     private static final String WIFI_WOL_IFNAME = "test_wlan_wol";
     private static final String VPN_IFNAME = "tun10042";
@@ -462,6 +469,7 @@
     @Mock DeviceIdleInternal mDeviceIdleInternal;
     @Mock INetworkManagementService mNetworkManagementService;
     @Mock NetworkStatsManager mStatsManager;
+    @Mock BatteryStatsManager mBatteryStatsManager;
     @Mock IDnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
     @Mock INetd mMockNetd;
     @Mock NetworkStackClientBase mNetworkStack;
@@ -572,6 +580,7 @@
             if (Context.NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mNetworkPolicyManager;
             if (Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mSystemConfigManager;
             if (Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mStatsManager;
+            if (Context.BATTERY_STATS_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mBatteryStatsManager;
             return super.getSystemService(name);
         }
 
@@ -652,6 +661,13 @@
         public void setPermission(String permission, Integer granted) {
             mMockedPermissions.put(permission, granted);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public Intent registerReceiverForAllUsers(@Nullable BroadcastReceiver receiver,
+                @NonNull IntentFilter filter, @Nullable String broadcastPermission,
+                @Nullable Handler scheduler) {
+            return null;
+        }
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
@@ -1201,7 +1217,22 @@
                             return mDeviceIdleInternal;
                         }
                     },
-                    mNetworkManagementService, mMockNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore);
+                    mNetworkManagementService, mMockNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore,
+                    new SystemServices(mServiceContext) {
+                        @Override
+                        public String settingsSecureGetStringForUser(String key, int userId) {
+                            switch (key) {
+                                // Settings keys not marked as @Readable are not readable from
+                                // non-privileged apps, unless marked as testOnly=true
+                                // (atest refuses to install testOnly=true apps), even if mocked
+                                // in the content provider.
+                                case Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP:
+                                    return null;
+                                default:
+                                    return super.settingsSecureGetStringForUser(key, userId);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }, new Ikev2SessionCreator());
         }
 
         public void setUids(Set<UidRange> uids) {
@@ -1579,6 +1610,11 @@
         mServiceContext = new MockContext(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(),
                 new FakeSettingsProvider());
         mServiceContext.setUseRegisteredHandlers(true);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONTROL_OEM_PAID_NETWORK_PREFERENCE, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         mAlarmManagerThread = new HandlerThread("TestAlarmManager");
         mAlarmManagerThread.start();
@@ -1809,6 +1845,16 @@
         assertEmpty(mCm.getAllNetworkStateSnapshots());
     }
 
+    private static PendingIntent wrapPendingIntent(final PendingIntent intent) {
+        final PendingIntent ret = spy(intent);
+        // intentFilterEquals requires GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT permission
+        doAnswer(inv -> {
+            final PendingIntent other = inv.getArgument(0);
+            return runAsShell(GET_INTENT_SENDER_INTENT, () -> intent.intentFilterEquals(other));
+        }).when(ret).intentFilterEquals(any());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Class to simplify expecting broadcasts using BroadcastInterceptingContext.
      * Ensures that the receiver is unregistered after the expected broadcast is received. This
@@ -2683,25 +2729,6 @@
         assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-        // Bring up wifi with a score of 70.
-        // Cell is lingered because it would not satisfy any request, even if it validated.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.adjustScore(50);
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(false);   // Score: 70
-        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-
-        // Tear down wifi.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
-        defaultCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        assertEquals(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-        assertEquals(defaultCallback.getLastAvailableNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
-
         // Bring up wifi, then validate it. Previous versions would immediately tear down cell, but
         // it's arguably correct to linger it, since it was the default network before it validated.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
@@ -3017,11 +3044,11 @@
         callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
 
-        // BUG: the network will no longer linger, even though it's validated and outscored.
-        // TODO: fix this.
         mEthernetNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_ETHERNET);
         mEthernetNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        callback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mEthernetNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOSING, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        callback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED, mEthernetNetworkAgent);
         assertEquals(mEthernetNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mCm.getActiveNetwork());
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
@@ -3276,8 +3303,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNoMutableNetworkRequests() throws Exception {
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
-                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
         NetworkRequest request1 = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
                 .build();
@@ -4121,16 +4148,16 @@
                 mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, new NetworkCallback()));
 
         assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
-                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, PendingIntent.getService(
-                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)));
+                mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getService(
+                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))));
 
         // Requesting a Network with signal strength should get IllegalArgumentException.
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
                 mCm.requestNetwork(r, new NetworkCallback()));
 
         assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
-                mCm.requestNetwork(r, PendingIntent.getService(
-                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)));
+                mCm.requestNetwork(r, wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getService(
+                        mServiceContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent(), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -4580,9 +4607,8 @@
             expectNoRequestChanged(testFactory);
             testFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
             assertFalse(testFactory.getMyStartRequested());
-            // ...  and cell data to be torn down after nascent network timeout.
-            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent,
-                    mService.mNascentDelayMs + TEST_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
+            // ...  and cell data to be torn down immediately since it is no longer nascent.
+            cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
             waitForIdle();
             assertLength(1, mCm.getAllNetworks());
         } finally {
@@ -5687,14 +5713,14 @@
         }
         j = 0;
         while (j++ < INTENTS / 2) {
-            final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                    new Intent("a" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            final PendingIntent pi = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext,
+                    0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
             mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pi);
             registered.add(pi);
         }
         while (j++ < INTENTS) {
-            final PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                    new Intent("b" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            final PendingIntent pi = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext,
+                    0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("b" + j), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
             mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pi);
             registered.add(pi);
         }
@@ -5708,13 +5734,13 @@
         );
         assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
                 mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest,
-                        PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                                new Intent("c"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
+                        wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                                new Intent("c"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)))
         );
         assertThrows(TooManyRequestsException.class, () ->
                 mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest,
-                        PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
-                                new Intent("d"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE))
+                        wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0 /* requestCode */,
+                                new Intent("d"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE)))
         );
 
         // The system gets another SYSTEM_ONLY_MAX_REQUESTS slots.
@@ -5794,16 +5820,16 @@
         waitForIdle();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
-            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
-                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("e" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("e" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
             mCm.requestNetwork(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(pendingIntent);
         }
         waitForIdle();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_REQUESTS; i++) {
-            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
-                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("f" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+            final PendingIntent pendingIntent = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                    mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("f" + i), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
             mCm.registerNetworkCallback(networkRequest, pendingIntent);
             mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(pendingIntent);
         }
@@ -8379,10 +8405,10 @@
     private LinkProperties makeClatLinkProperties(LinkAddress la) {
         LinkAddress clatAddress = la;
         LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
-        stacked.setInterfaceName(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        stacked.setInterfaceName(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         RouteInfo ipv4Default = new RouteInfo(
                 new LinkAddress(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
-                clatAddress.getAddress(), CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+                clatAddress.getAddress(), CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         stacked.addRoute(ipv4Default);
         stacked.addLinkAddress(clatAddress);
         return stacked;
@@ -8407,12 +8433,12 @@
         final String kOtherNat64PrefixString = "64:ff9b::";
         final IpPrefix kOtherNat64Prefix = new IpPrefix(
                 InetAddress.getByName(kOtherNat64PrefixString), 96);
-        final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(),
-                                                     MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo ipv6Default =
+                new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(), MOBILE_IFNAME);
         final RouteInfo ipv6Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv6, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
         final RouteInfo ipv4Subnet = new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME);
-        final RouteInfo stackedDefault = new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv4.getAddress(),
-                                                       CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        final RouteInfo stackedDefault =
+                new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv4.getAddress(), CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
 
         final NetworkRequest networkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
                 .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
@@ -8425,7 +8451,7 @@
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv6);
-        cellLp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
+        cellLp.addRoute(ipv6Default);
         cellLp.addRoute(ipv6Subnet);
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
@@ -8433,12 +8459,12 @@
 
         // Connect with ipv6 link properties. Expect prefix discovery to be started.
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
-        final int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        int cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
         waitForIdle();
 
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(cellNetId,
                 INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
-        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, defaultRoute);
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default);
         verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).createNetworkCache(eq(cellNetId));
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, MOBILE_IFNAME);
         verify(mDeps).reportNetworkInterfaceForTransports(mServiceContext,
@@ -8469,7 +8495,7 @@
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
         reset(mMockNetd);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
-        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
+        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME))
                 .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4));
 
         // Remove IPv4 address. Expect prefix discovery to be started again.
@@ -8491,13 +8517,13 @@
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
 
         // Clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
-        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, mCellNetworkAgent);
         List<LinkProperties> stackedLps = mCm.getLinkProperties(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork())
                 .getStackedLinks();
         assertEquals(makeClatLinkProperties(myIpv4), stackedLps.get(0));
         assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         // Change trivial linkproperties and see if stacked link is preserved.
         cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
@@ -8520,7 +8546,7 @@
                     new int[] { TRANSPORT_CELLULAR });
         }
         reset(mMockNetd);
-        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
+        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME))
                 .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4));
         // Change the NAT64 prefix without first removing it.
         // Expect clatd to be stopped and started with the new prefix.
@@ -8530,16 +8556,16 @@
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
 
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kOtherNat64Prefix.toString());
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getNat64Prefix().equals(kOtherNat64Prefix));
-        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1);
         assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         reset(mMockNetd);
 
         // Add ipv4 address, expect that clatd and prefix discovery are stopped and stacked
@@ -8562,14 +8588,14 @@
         assertRoutesRemoved(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
 
         // The interface removed callback happens but has no effect after stop is called.
-        clat.interfaceRemoved(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        clat.interfaceRemoved(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
         reset(mMockNetd);
         reset(mMockDnsResolver);
-        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
+        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME))
                 .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4));
 
         // Stopping prefix discovery causes netd to tell us that the NAT64 prefix is gone.
@@ -8592,11 +8618,11 @@
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
 
         // Clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
-        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1 && lp.getNat64Prefix() != null);
         assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, stackedDefault);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
 
         // NAT64 prefix is removed. Expect that clat is stopped.
         mService.mResolverUnsolEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(makeNat64PrefixEvent(
@@ -8609,13 +8635,54 @@
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
         networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
                 (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 0);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME);
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkRemoveInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
         // Clean up.
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Test disconnecting a network that is running 464xlat.
+
+        // Connect a network with a NAT64 prefix.
+        when(mMockNetd.interfaceGetCfg(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME))
+                .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfigParcel(myIpv4));
+        cellLp.setNat64Prefix(kNat64Prefix);
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, cellLp);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false /* validated */);
+        networkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        cellNetId = mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId;
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkCreate(nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(cellNetId,
+                INetd.PERMISSION_NONE));
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default);
+
+        // Clatd is started and clat iface comes up. Expect stacked link to be added.
+        verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(MOBILE_IFNAME, kNat64Prefix.toString());
+        clat = getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
+        clat.interfaceLinkStateChanged(CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME, true /* up */);
+        networkCallback.expectLinkPropertiesThat(mCellNetworkAgent,
+                (lp) -> lp.getStackedLinks().size() == 1
+                        && lp.getNat64Prefix().equals(kNat64Prefix));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkAddInterface(cellNetId, CLAT_MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        // assertRoutesAdded sees all calls since last mMockNetd reset, so expect IPv6 routes again.
+        assertRoutesAdded(cellNetId, ipv6Subnet, ipv6Default, stackedDefault);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
+
+        // Disconnect the network. clat is stopped and the network is destroyed.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+        verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
+        verify(mMockNetd).idletimerRemoveInterface(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME), anyInt(),
+                eq(Integer.toString(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)));
+        verify(mMockNetd).networkDestroy(cellNetId);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
     }
 
@@ -9205,8 +9272,7 @@
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS, PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
-                PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETUP_WIZARD,
                 PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -9647,7 +9713,7 @@
         setupConnectionOwnerUid(vpnOwnerUid, vpnType);
 
         // Test as VPN app
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
     }
@@ -9687,8 +9753,7 @@
     public void testGetConnectionOwnerUidVpnServiceNetworkStackDoesNotThrow() throws Exception {
         final int myUid = Process.myUid();
         setupConnectionOwnerUid(myUid, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         assertEquals(42, mService.getConnectionOwnerUid(getTestConnectionInfo()));
     }
@@ -9760,6 +9825,8 @@
     }
 
     private void assertRoutesAdded(int netId, RouteInfo... routes) throws Exception {
+        // TODO: add @JavaDerive(equals=true) to RouteInfoParcel, use eq() directly, and delete
+        // assertRouteInfoParcelMatches above.
         ArgumentCaptor<RouteInfoParcel> captor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RouteInfoParcel.class);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(routes.length)).networkAddRouteParcel(eq(netId), captor.capture());
         for (int i = 0; i < routes.length; i++) {
@@ -9846,15 +9913,15 @@
         return new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(NET_ID), networkInfo, new LinkProperties(),
                 nc, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(0).build(),
                 mServiceContext, null, new NetworkAgentConfig(), mService, null, null, 0,
-                INVALID_UID, mQosCallbackTracker, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
+                INVALID_UID, TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS, mQosCallbackTracker,
+                new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCheckConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsNetworkStack() throws Exception {
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid = fakeMobileNai(new NetworkCapabilities());
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
         assertTrue(
                 "NetworkStack permission not applied",
                 mService.checkConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissions(
@@ -9870,7 +9937,7 @@
         nc.setAdministratorUids(new int[] {wrongUid});
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid = fakeWifiNai(nc);
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
         assertFalse(
                 "Mismatched uid/package name should not pass the location permission check",
@@ -9880,7 +9947,7 @@
 
     private void verifyConnectivityDiagnosticsPermissionsWithNetworkAgentInfo(
             NetworkAgentInfo info, boolean expectPermission) {
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
         assertEquals(
                 "Unexpected ConnDiags permission",
@@ -9948,7 +10015,7 @@
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
         assertTrue(
                 "NetworkCapabilities administrator uid permission not applied",
@@ -9965,7 +10032,7 @@
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
         // Use wrong pid and uid
         assertFalse(
@@ -9991,8 +10058,7 @@
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
@@ -10011,8 +10077,7 @@
         final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
         when(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.asBinder()).thenReturn(mIBinder);
 
-        mServiceContext.setPermission(
-                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
+        mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
 
         mService.registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
@@ -11887,6 +11952,11 @@
         internetFactory.expectRequestRemove();
         internetFactory.assertRequestCountEquals(0);
 
+        // Create a request that holds the upcoming wifi network.
+        final TestNetworkCallback wifiCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        mCm.requestNetwork(new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI).build(),
+                wifiCallback);
+
         // Now WiFi connects and it's unmetered, but it's weaker than cell.
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
@@ -11895,7 +11965,7 @@
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
 
         // The OEM_PAID preference prefers an unmetered network to an OEM_PAID network, so
-        // the oemPaidFactory can't beat this no matter how high its score.
+        // the oemPaidFactory can't beat wifi no matter how high its score.
         oemPaidFactory.expectRequestRemove();
         expectNoRequestChanged(internetFactory);
 
@@ -11906,6 +11976,7 @@
         // unmetered network, so the oemPaidNetworkFactory still can't beat this.
         expectNoRequestChanged(oemPaidFactory);
         internetFactory.expectRequestAdd();
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(wifiCallback);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -12737,8 +12808,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
-                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
         final NetworkCallback networkCallback1 = new NetworkCallback();
         final NetworkCallback networkCallback2 = new NetworkCallback();
 
@@ -12754,8 +12825,8 @@
     @Test
     public void testNetworkRequestWithSubIdsWithoutNetworkFactoryPermission() throws Exception {
         mServiceContext.setPermission(NETWORK_FACTORY, PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
-                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+        final PendingIntent pendingIntent = wrapPendingIntent(PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                mContext, 0 /* requestCode */, new Intent("a"), FLAG_IMMUTABLE));
 
         final Class<SecurityException> expected = SecurityException.class;
         assertThrows(
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index f0d7d86..45b575a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             if (vpn) addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN)
             if (validated) addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
         }.build()
-        return mixInScore(nc, nac, false /* avoidBadWifi */)
+        return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 116d755..36e229d 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
     static final int LOW_DAILY_LIMIT = 2;
     static final int HIGH_DAILY_LIMIT = 1000;
 
+    private static final int TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS = 400;
+
     LingerMonitor mMonitor;
 
     @Mock ConnectivityService mConnService;
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, new Network(netId), info,
                 new LinkProperties(), caps, new NetworkScore.Builder().setLegacyInt(50).build(),
                 mCtx, null, new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().build(), mConnService, mNetd,
-                mDnsResolver, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                mDnsResolver, NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid(), TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS,
                 mQosCallbackTracker, new ConnectivityService.Dependencies());
         nai.everValidated = true;
         return nai;
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
index 38f6d7f..d6bd08e 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@
     private <T> void mockService(String serviceName, Class<T> serviceClass, T service) {
         when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(serviceClass)).thenReturn(serviceName);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(serviceName)).thenReturn(service);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(serviceClass)).thenReturn(service);
     }
 
     @Before
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
index 1348c6a..551b94c 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkRankerTest.kt
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity
 
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
 import org.junit.Test
@@ -32,10 +34,14 @@
 class NetworkRankerTest {
     private val ranker = NetworkRanker()
 
-    private fun makeNai(satisfy: Boolean, score: Int) = mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java).also {
-        doReturn(satisfy).`when`(it).satisfies(any())
-        doReturn(score).`when`(it).currentScore
-    }
+    private fun makeNai(satisfy: Boolean, legacyScore: Int) =
+            mock(NetworkAgentInfo::class.java).also {
+                doReturn(satisfy).`when`(it).satisfies(any())
+                val fs = FullScore(legacyScore, 0 /* policies */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+                doReturn(fs).`when`(it).getScore()
+                val nc = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build()
+                doReturn(nc).`when`(it).getCapsNoCopy()
+            }
 
     @Test
     fun testGetBestNetwork() {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index ef6ed82..0bfc129 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
                 .thenReturn(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE))
                 .thenReturn(mSystemConfigManager);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(SystemConfigManager.class)).thenReturn(mSystemConfigManager);
         when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(anyString())).thenReturn(new int[0]);
         final Context asUserCtx = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
         doReturn(UserHandle.ALL).when(asUserCtx).getUser();
@@ -920,7 +921,7 @@
     public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChanged() throws Exception {
         final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
         final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
 
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
         // Prepare PackageInfo for MOCK_PACKAGE1 and MOCK_PACKAGE2
@@ -954,7 +955,7 @@
     public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChangedWithSharedUid() throws Exception {
         final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
         final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
 
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
@@ -988,7 +989,7 @@
     public void testUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworksChangedWithMultipleUsers() throws Exception {
         final NetdMonitor netdMonitor = new NetdMonitor(mNetdService);
         final ContentObserver contentObserver = expectRegisterContentObserver(
-                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+                Settings.Global.getUriFor(UIDS_ALLOWED_ON_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
 
         // One user MOCK_USER1
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index b725b82..a086451 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -219,19 +219,11 @@
 
         when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
         when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(UserManager.class))
-                .thenReturn(Context.USER_SERVICE);
-        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.USER_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mUserManager);
-        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mAppOps);
-        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(NotificationManager.class))
-                .thenReturn(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
-        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)))
-                .thenReturn(mNotificationManager);
-        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE)))
-                .thenReturn(mConnectivityManager);
-        when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(eq(ConnectivityManager.class)))
-                .thenReturn(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
-        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mIpSecManager);
+        mockService(UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
+        mockService(AppOpsManager.class, Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE, mAppOps);
+        mockService(NotificationManager.class, Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE, mNotificationManager);
+        mockService(ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mConnectivityManager);
+        mockService(IpSecManager.class, Context.IPSEC_SERVICE, mIpSecManager);
         when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
                 .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
                         R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
@@ -259,6 +251,12 @@
                 .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
     }
 
+    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
+        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(clazz);
+        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(name);
+        doReturn(name).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
+    }
+
     private Set<Range<Integer>> rangeSet(Range<Integer> ... ranges) {
         final Set<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>();
         for (Range<Integer> r : ranges) range.add(r);
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 0ba5f7d..da2fdf4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@
 
 package com.android.server.net;
 
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_UID_REMOVED;
 import static android.content.Intent.EXTRA_UID;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID;
 import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
@@ -106,6 +110,7 @@
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -199,6 +204,26 @@
             if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
             return mBaseContext.getSystemService(name);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission, @Nullable String message) {
+            if (checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) != PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                super.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission, message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int checkCallingOrSelfPermission(String permission) {
+            switch (permission) {
+                case PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK:
+                case READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY:
+                case UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
+                    return PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+                default:
+                    return super.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission);
+            }
+
+        }
     }
 
     private final Clock mClock = new SimpleClock(ZoneOffset.UTC) {