diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 4a64128..6ba4a30 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
-        public void onPreCheck(Network network) {}
+        public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
@@ -3247,8 +3247,9 @@
          * @param blocked Whether access to the {@link Network} is blocked due to system policy.
          * @hide
          */
-        public void onAvailable(Network network, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
-                LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {
             // Internally only this method is called when a new network is available, and
             // it calls the callback in the same way and order that older versions used
             // to call so as not to change the behavior.
@@ -3272,7 +3273,7 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} of the satisfying network.
          */
-        public void onAvailable(Network network) {}
+        public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the network is about to be disconnected.  Often paired with an
@@ -3288,7 +3289,7 @@
          *                     network connected.  Note that the network may suffer a
          *                     hard loss at any time.
          */
-        public void onLosing(Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+        public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework has a hard loss of the network or when the
@@ -3296,7 +3297,7 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} lost.
          */
-        public void onLost(Network network) {}
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
 
         /**
          * Called if no network is found in the timeout time specified in
@@ -3316,8 +3317,8 @@
          * @param networkCapabilities The new {@link android.net.NetworkCapabilities} for this
          *                            network.
          */
-        public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network,
-                NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+        public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
@@ -3326,7 +3327,8 @@
          * @param network The {@link Network} whose link properties have changed.
          * @param linkProperties The new {@link LinkProperties} for this network.
          */
-        public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(Network network, LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+        public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
@@ -3337,7 +3339,7 @@
          * a tunnel, etc.
          * @hide
          */
-        public void onNetworkSuspended(Network network) {}
+        public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
@@ -3345,7 +3347,7 @@
          * preceded by a matching {@link NetworkCallback#onNetworkSuspended} call.
          * @hide
          */
-        public void onNetworkResumed(Network network) {}
+        public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
 
         /**
          * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
index 5980251..06c32c6 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkSend;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
 
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -30,12 +34,18 @@
 import android.os.CancellationSignal;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -52,6 +62,7 @@
     private static final String TAG = "DnsResolver";
     private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
     private static final int MAXPACKET = 8 * 1024;
+    private static final int SLEEP_TIME_MS = 2;
 
     @IntDef(prefix = { "CLASS_" }, value = {
             CLASS_IN
@@ -188,9 +199,9 @@
      * Send a raw DNS query.
      * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link AnswerCallback}.
      *
-     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network for querying.
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
      *         {@code null} for query on default network.
-     * @param query blob message
+     * @param query blob message to query
      * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
      * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
      * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
@@ -205,26 +216,32 @@
         if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
             return;
         }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
         final FileDescriptor queryfd;
         try {
             queryfd = resNetworkSend((network != null
                 ? network.netId : NETID_UNSET), query, query.length, flags);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            callback.onQueryException(e);
+            executor.execute(() -> {
+                callback.onQueryException(e);
+            });
             return;
         }
 
-        maybeAddCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd);
-        registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback);
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            addCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd, lock);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Send a DNS query with the specified name, class and query type.
      * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link AnswerCallback}.
      *
-     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network for querying.
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
      *         {@code null} for query on default network.
-     * @param domain domain name for querying
+     * @param domain domain name to query
      * @param nsClass dns class as one of the CLASS_* constants
      * @param nsType dns resource record (RR) type as one of the TYPE_* constants
      * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
@@ -242,40 +259,187 @@
         if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
             return;
         }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
         final FileDescriptor queryfd;
         try {
             queryfd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
                     ? network.netId : NETID_UNSET), domain, nsClass, nsType, flags);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            callback.onQueryException(e);
+            executor.execute(() -> {
+                callback.onQueryException(e);
+            });
             return;
         }
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            addCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd, lock);
+        }
+    }
 
-        maybeAddCancellationSignal(cancellationSignal, queryfd);
-        registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, callback);
+    private class InetAddressAnswerAccumulator extends InetAddressAnswerCallback {
+        private final List<InetAddress> mAllAnswers;
+        private ParseException mParseException;
+        private ErrnoException mErrnoException;
+        private final InetAddressAnswerCallback mUserCallback;
+        private final int mTargetAnswerCount;
+        private int mReceivedAnswerCount = 0;
+
+        InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(int size, @NonNull InetAddressAnswerCallback callback) {
+            mTargetAnswerCount = size;
+            mAllAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+            mUserCallback = callback;
+        }
+
+        private boolean maybeReportException() {
+            if (mErrnoException != null) {
+                mUserCallback.onQueryException(mErrnoException);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (mParseException != null) {
+                mUserCallback.onParseException(mParseException);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private void maybeReportAnswer() {
+            if (++mReceivedAnswerCount != mTargetAnswerCount) return;
+            if (mAllAnswers.isEmpty() && maybeReportException()) return;
+            // TODO: Do RFC6724 sort.
+            mUserCallback.onAnswer(mAllAnswers);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onAnswer(@NonNull List<InetAddress> answer) {
+            mAllAnswers.addAll(answer);
+            maybeReportAnswer();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onParseException(@NonNull ParseException e) {
+            mParseException = e;
+            maybeReportAnswer();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQueryException(@NonNull ErrnoException e) {
+            mErrnoException = e;
+            maybeReportAnswer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a DNS query with the specified name, get back a set of InetAddresses asynchronously.
+     * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided
+     * {@link InetAddressAnswerCallback}.
+     *
+     * @param network {@link Network} specifying which network to query on.
+     *         {@code null} for query on default network.
+     * @param domain domain name to query
+     * @param flags flags as a combination of the FLAGS_* constants
+     * @param executor The {@link Executor} that the callback should be executed on.
+     * @param cancellationSignal used by the caller to signal if the query should be
+     *    cancelled. May be {@code null}.
+     * @param callback an {@link InetAddressAnswerCallback} which will be called to notify the
+     *    caller of the result of dns query.
+     */
+    public void query(@Nullable Network network, @NonNull String domain, @QueryFlag int flags,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull InetAddressAnswerCallback callback) {
+        if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Object lock = new Object();
+        final boolean queryIpv6 = haveIpv6(network);
+        final boolean queryIpv4 = haveIpv4(network);
+
+        final FileDescriptor v4fd;
+        final FileDescriptor v6fd;
+
+        int queryCount = 0;
+
+        if (queryIpv6) {
+            try {
+                v6fd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
+                        ? network.netId : NETID_UNSET), domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, flags);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                executor.execute(() -> {
+                    callback.onQueryException(e);
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            queryCount++;
+        } else v6fd = null;
+
+        // TODO: Use device flag to control the sleep time.
+        // Avoiding gateways drop packets if queries are sent too close together
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_MS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException ex) { }
+
+        if (queryIpv4) {
+            try {
+                v4fd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
+                        ? network.netId : NETID_UNSET), domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_A, flags);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                if (queryIpv6) resNetworkCancel(v6fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+                executor.execute(() -> {
+                    callback.onQueryException(e);
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            queryCount++;
+        } else v4fd = null;
+
+        final InetAddressAnswerAccumulator accumulator =
+                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryCount, callback);
+
+        synchronized (lock)  {
+            if (queryIpv6) {
+                registerFDListener(executor, v6fd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            }
+            if (queryIpv4) {
+                registerFDListener(executor, v4fd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
+            }
+            if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
+            cancellationSignal.setOnCancelListener(() -> {
+                synchronized (lock)  {
+                    if (queryIpv4) cancelQuery(v4fd);
+                    if (queryIpv6) cancelQuery(v6fd);
+                }
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     private <T> void registerFDListener(@NonNull Executor executor,
-            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd, @NonNull AnswerCallback<T> answerCallback) {
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd, @NonNull AnswerCallback<T> answerCallback,
+            @Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal, @NonNull Object lock) {
         Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue().addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
                 queryfd,
                 FD_EVENTS,
                 (fd, events) -> {
                     executor.execute(() -> {
-                        byte[] answerbuf = null;
-                        try {
-                            answerbuf = resNetworkResult(fd);
-                        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-                            Log.e(TAG, "resNetworkResult:" + e.toString());
-                            answerCallback.onQueryException(e);
-                            return;
-                        }
+                        synchronized (lock) {
+                            if (cancellationSignal != null && cancellationSignal.isCanceled()) {
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            byte[] answerbuf = null;
+                            try {
+                                answerbuf = resNetworkResult(fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+                            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                                Log.e(TAG, "resNetworkResult:" + e.toString());
+                                answerCallback.onQueryException(e);
+                                return;
+                            }
 
-                        try {
-                            answerCallback.onAnswer(
-                                    answerCallback.parser.parse(answerbuf));
-                        } catch (ParseException e) {
-                            answerCallback.onParseException(e);
+                            try {
+                                answerCallback.onAnswer(
+                                        answerCallback.parser.parse(answerbuf));
+                            } catch (ParseException e) {
+                                answerCallback.onParseException(e);
+                            }
                         }
                     });
                     // Unregister this fd listener
@@ -283,15 +447,51 @@
                 });
     }
 
-    private void maybeAddCancellationSignal(@Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
-            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd) {
-        if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
-        cancellationSignal.setOnCancelListener(
-                () -> {
-                    Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue()
-                            .removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(queryfd);
-                    resNetworkCancel(queryfd);
-            });
+    private void cancelQuery(@NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd) {
+        if (!queryfd.valid()) return;
+        Looper.getMainLooper().getQueue().removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(queryfd);
+        resNetworkCancel(queryfd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
+    }
+
+    private void addCancellationSignal(@NonNull CancellationSignal cancellationSignal,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor queryfd, @NonNull Object lock) {
+        cancellationSignal.setOnCancelListener(() -> {
+            synchronized (lock)  {
+                cancelQuery(queryfd);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // These two functions match the behaviour of have_ipv4 and have_ipv6 in the native resolver.
+    private boolean haveIpv4(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv4 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET, addrIpv4);
+    }
+
+    private boolean haveIpv6(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv6 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2000::"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET6, addrIpv6);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkConnectivity(@Nullable Network network,
+            int domain, @NonNull SocketAddress addr) {
+        final FileDescriptor socket;
+        try {
+            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, addr);
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     private static class DnsAddressAnswer extends DnsPacket {
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java b/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
index b4f3a28..416157c 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public IpPrefix(@NonNull byte[] address, int prefixLength) {
+    public IpPrefix(@NonNull byte[] address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
         this.address = address.clone();
         this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
         checkAndMaskAddressAndPrefixLength();
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@
      */
     @SystemApi
     @TestApi
-    public IpPrefix(@NonNull InetAddress address, int prefixLength) {
+    public IpPrefix(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
         // We don't reuse the (byte[], int) constructor because it calls clone() on the byte array,
         // which is unnecessary because getAddress() already returns a clone.
         this.address = address.getAddress();
@@ -150,13 +151,13 @@
      *
      * @return the address in the form of a byte array.
      */
-    public InetAddress getAddress() {
+    public @NonNull InetAddress getAddress() {
         try {
             return InetAddress.getByAddress(address);
         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
             // Cannot happen. InetAddress.getByAddress can only throw an exception if the byte
             // array is the wrong length, but we check that in the constructor.
-            return null;
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Address is invalid");
         }
     }
 
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
      *
      * @return the address in the form of a byte array.
      */
-    public byte[] getRawAddress() {
+    public @NonNull byte[] getRawAddress() {
         return address.clone();
     }
 
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@
      *
      * @return the prefix length.
      */
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
     public int getPrefixLength() {
         return prefixLength;
     }
@@ -183,10 +185,10 @@
      * Determines whether the prefix contains the specified address.
      *
      * @param address An {@link InetAddress} to test.
-     * @return {@code true} if the prefix covers the given address.
+     * @return {@code true} if the prefix covers the given address. {@code false} otherwise.
      */
-    public boolean contains(InetAddress address) {
-        byte[] addrBytes = (address == null) ? null : address.getAddress();
+    public boolean contains(@NonNull InetAddress address) {
+        byte[] addrBytes = address.getAddress();
         if (addrBytes == null || addrBytes.length != this.address.length) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@
      * @param otherPrefix the prefix to test
      * @hide
      */
-    public boolean containsPrefix(IpPrefix otherPrefix) {
+    public boolean containsPrefix(@NonNull IpPrefix otherPrefix) {
         if (otherPrefix.getPrefixLength() < prefixLength) return false;
         final byte[] otherAddress = otherPrefix.getRawAddress();
         NetworkUtils.maskRawAddress(otherAddress, prefixLength);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java b/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
index 78b4665..f17adea 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_SITE;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
 
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@
      * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InetAddress} and prefix length, with
      * the specified flags and scope. Flags and scope are not checked for validity.
      * @param address The IP address.
-     * @param prefixLength The prefix length.
+     * @param prefixLength The prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
      * @param flags A bitmask of {@code IFA_F_*} values representing properties of the address.
      * @param scope An integer defining the scope in which the address is unique (e.g.,
      *              {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_LINK} or {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_SITE}).
@@ -178,7 +179,8 @@
      */
     @SystemApi
     @TestApi
-    public LinkAddress(InetAddress address, int prefixLength, int flags, int scope) {
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength,
+            int flags, int scope) {
         init(address, prefixLength, flags, scope);
     }
 
@@ -186,12 +188,13 @@
      * Constructs a new {@code LinkAddress} from an {@code InetAddress} and a prefix length.
      * The flags are set to zero and the scope is determined from the address.
      * @param address The IP address.
-     * @param prefixLength The prefix length.
+     * @param prefixLength The prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
     @TestApi
-    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, int prefixLength) {
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address,
+            @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128) int prefixLength) {
         this(address, prefixLength, 0, 0);
         this.scope = scopeForUnicastAddress(address);
     }
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@
      * @param interfaceAddress The interface address.
      * @hide
      */
-    public LinkAddress(InterfaceAddress interfaceAddress) {
+    public LinkAddress(@NonNull InterfaceAddress interfaceAddress) {
         this(interfaceAddress.getAddress(),
              interfaceAddress.getNetworkPrefixLength());
     }
@@ -306,6 +309,7 @@
     /**
      * Returns the prefix length of this {@code LinkAddress}.
      */
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
     public int getPrefixLength() {
         return prefixLength;
     }
@@ -316,6 +320,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @IntRange(from = 0, to = 128)
     public int getNetworkPrefixLength() {
         return getPrefixLength();
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
index 03d6d48..ad67763 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
@@ -316,9 +316,6 @@
     @SystemApi
     @TestApi
     public boolean removeLinkAddress(@NonNull LinkAddress toRemove) {
-        if (toRemove == null) {
-            return false;
-        }
         int i = findLinkAddressIndex(toRemove);
         if (i >= 0) {
             mLinkAddresses.remove(i);
@@ -391,10 +388,7 @@
     @TestApi
     @SystemApi
     public boolean removeDnsServer(@NonNull InetAddress dnsServer) {
-        if (dnsServer != null) {
-            return mDnses.remove(dnsServer);
-        }
-        return false;
+        return mDnses.remove(dnsServer);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index 3a41a07..acafa13 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
@@ -343,10 +344,14 @@
          * current value. A value of {@code SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED} means no value when
          * received and has no effect when requesting a callback.
          *
+         * <p>This method requires the caller to hold the
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission#NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP} permission
+         *
          * @param signalStrength the bearer-specific signal strength.
          * @hide
          */
         @SystemApi
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP)
         public @NonNull Builder setSignalStrength(int signalStrength) {
             mNetworkCapabilities.setSignalStrength(signalStrength);
             return this;
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
index 24d9b8e..fdd904a 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
@@ -51,20 +55,32 @@
  * (IPv4 or IPv6).
  */
 public final class RouteInfo implements Parcelable {
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            RTN_UNICAST,
+            RTN_UNREACHABLE,
+            RTN_THROW,
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface RouteType {}
+
     /**
      * The IP destination address for this route.
      */
+    @NonNull
     private final IpPrefix mDestination;
 
     /**
      * The gateway address for this route.
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Nullable
     private final InetAddress mGateway;
 
     /**
      * The interface for this route.
      */
+    @Nullable
     private final String mInterface;
 
 
@@ -108,13 +124,14 @@
      * @param destination the destination prefix
      * @param gateway the IP address to route packets through
      * @param iface the interface name to send packets on
+     * @param type the type of this route
      *
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
     @TestApi
     public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
-            @Nullable String iface, int type) {
+            @Nullable String iface, @RouteType int type) {
         switch (type) {
             case RTN_UNICAST:
             case RTN_UNREACHABLE:
@@ -173,10 +190,24 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     *  @hide
+     * Constructs a {@code RouteInfo} object.
+     *
+     * If destination is null, then gateway must be specified and the
+     * constructed route is either the IPv4 default route <code>0.0.0.0</code>
+     * if the gateway is an instance of {@link Inet4Address}, or the IPv6 default
+     * route <code>::/0</code> if gateway is an instance of {@link Inet6Address}.
+     * <p>
+     * Destination and gateway may not both be null.
+     *
+     * @param destination the destination address and prefix in an {@link IpPrefix}
+     * @param gateway the {@link InetAddress} to route packets through
+     * @param iface the interface name to send packets on
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public RouteInfo(IpPrefix destination, InetAddress gateway, String iface) {
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
         this(destination, gateway, iface, RTN_UNICAST);
     }
 
@@ -184,7 +215,8 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public RouteInfo(LinkAddress destination, InetAddress gateway, String iface) {
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable LinkAddress destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
         this(destination == null ? null :
                 new IpPrefix(destination.getAddress(), destination.getPrefixLength()),
                 gateway, iface);
@@ -205,7 +237,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public RouteInfo(IpPrefix destination, InetAddress gateway) {
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
         this(destination, gateway, null);
     }
 
@@ -215,7 +247,7 @@
      * TODO: Remove this.
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public RouteInfo(LinkAddress destination, InetAddress gateway) {
+    public RouteInfo(@Nullable LinkAddress destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
         this(destination, gateway, null);
     }
 
@@ -227,7 +259,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
-    public RouteInfo(InetAddress gateway) {
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull InetAddress gateway) {
         this((IpPrefix) null, gateway, null);
     }
 
@@ -239,35 +271,36 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public RouteInfo(IpPrefix destination) {
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull IpPrefix destination) {
         this(destination, null, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    public RouteInfo(LinkAddress destination) {
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull LinkAddress destination) {
         this(destination, null, null);
     }
 
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    public RouteInfo(IpPrefix destination, int type) {
+    public RouteInfo(@NonNull IpPrefix destination, @RouteType int type) {
         this(destination, null, null, type);
     }
 
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(InetAddress host, String iface) {
+    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(@NonNull InetAddress host, @Nullable String iface) {
         return makeHostRoute(host, null, iface);
     }
 
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(InetAddress host, InetAddress gateway, String iface) {
+    public static RouteInfo makeHostRoute(@Nullable InetAddress host, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+            @Nullable String iface) {
         if (host == null) return null;
 
         if (host instanceof Inet4Address) {
@@ -290,6 +323,7 @@
      *
      * @return {@link IpPrefix} specifying the destination.  This is never {@code null}.
      */
+    @NonNull
     public IpPrefix getDestination() {
         return mDestination;
     }
@@ -298,6 +332,7 @@
      * TODO: Convert callers to use IpPrefix and then remove.
      * @hide
      */
+    @NonNull
     public LinkAddress getDestinationLinkAddress() {
         return new LinkAddress(mDestination.getAddress(), mDestination.getPrefixLength());
     }
@@ -308,6 +343,7 @@
      * @return {@link InetAddress} specifying the gateway or next hop.  This may be
      *                             {@code null} for a directly-connected route."
      */
+    @Nullable
     public InetAddress getGateway() {
         return mGateway;
     }
@@ -317,6 +353,7 @@
      *
      * @return The name of the interface used for this route.
      */
+    @Nullable
     public String getInterface() {
         return mInterface;
     }
@@ -330,6 +367,7 @@
      */
     @TestApi
     @SystemApi
+    @RouteType
     public int getType() {
         return mType;
     }
@@ -401,6 +439,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @Nullable
     public static RouteInfo selectBestRoute(Collection<RouteInfo> routes, InetAddress dest) {
         if ((routes == null) || (dest == null)) return null;
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java b/core/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
index 17a03c7..4dd2ace 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
@@ -19,14 +19,17 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
-import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
 import com.android.internal.R;
 
 /**
- * APF program support capabilities.
+ * APF program support capabilities. APF stands for Android Packet Filtering and it is a flexible
+ * way to drop unwanted network packets to save power.
+ *
+ * See documentation at hardware/google/apf/apf.h
  *
  * This class is immutable.
  * @hide
@@ -104,10 +107,11 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns true if the APF interpreter advertises support for the data buffer access opcodes
-     * LDDW and STDW.
+     * Determines whether the APF interpreter advertises support for the data buffer access opcodes
+     * LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and STDW (STore Data Word). Full LDDW (LoaD Data Word) and
+     * STDW (STore Data Word) support is present from APFv4 on.
      *
-     * Full LDDW and STDW support is present from APFv4 on.
+     * @return {@code true} if the IWifiStaIface#readApfPacketFilterData is supported.
      */
     public boolean hasDataAccess() {
         return apfVersionSupported >= 4;
@@ -116,14 +120,14 @@
     /**
      * @return Whether the APF Filter in the device should filter out IEEE 802.3 Frames.
      */
-    public static boolean getApfDrop8023Frames(@NonNull Context context) {
-        return context.getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames);
+    public static boolean getApfDrop8023Frames() {
+        return Resources.getSystem().getBoolean(R.bool.config_apfDrop802_3Frames);
     }
 
     /**
      * @return An array of blacklisted EtherType, packets with EtherTypes within it will be dropped.
      */
-    public static @NonNull int[] getApfEthTypeBlackList(@NonNull Context context) {
-        return context.getResources().getIntArray(R.array.config_apfEthTypeBlackList);
+    public static @NonNull int[] getApfEtherTypeBlackList() {
+        return Resources.getSystem().getIntArray(R.array.config_apfEthTypeBlackList);
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
index d7a981e..82acf6f 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> buf(MAXPACKETSIZE, 0);
 
     int res = resNetworkResult(fd, &rcode, buf.data(), MAXPACKETSIZE);
+    jniSetFileDescriptorOfFD(env, javaFd, -1);
     if (res < 0) {
         throwErrnoException(env, "resNetworkResult", -res);
         return nullptr;
@@ -490,6 +491,7 @@
 static void android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
     int fd = jniGetFDFromFileDescriptor(env, javaFd);
     resNetworkCancel(fd);
+    jniSetFileDescriptorOfFD(env, javaFd, -1);
 }
 
 static jobject android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index bca2df4..31d8113 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ICaptivePortal;
 import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetdEventCallback;
@@ -294,6 +295,8 @@
 
     private INetworkManagementService mNMS;
     @VisibleForTesting
+    protected IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
+    @VisibleForTesting
     protected INetd mNetd;
     private INetworkStatsService mStatsService;
     private INetworkPolicyManager mPolicyManager;
@@ -525,6 +528,11 @@
         return sMagicDecoderRing.get(what, Integer.toString(what));
     }
 
+    private static IDnsResolver getDnsResolver() {
+        return IDnsResolver.Stub
+                .asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("dnsresolver"));
+    }
+
     /** Handler thread used for both of the handlers below. */
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected final HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
@@ -810,13 +818,14 @@
 
     public ConnectivityService(Context context, INetworkManagementService netManager,
             INetworkStatsService statsService, INetworkPolicyManager policyManager) {
-        this(context, netManager, statsService, policyManager, new IpConnectivityLog());
+        this(context, netManager, statsService, policyManager,
+            getDnsResolver(), new IpConnectivityLog());
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected ConnectivityService(Context context, INetworkManagementService netManager,
             INetworkStatsService statsService, INetworkPolicyManager policyManager,
-            IpConnectivityLog logger) {
+            IDnsResolver dnsresolver, IpConnectivityLog logger) {
         if (DBG) log("ConnectivityService starting up");
 
         mSystemProperties = getSystemProperties();
@@ -853,6 +862,7 @@
         mPolicyManagerInternal = checkNotNull(
                 LocalServices.getService(NetworkPolicyManagerInternal.class),
                 "missing NetworkPolicyManagerInternal");
+        mDnsResolver = checkNotNull(dnsresolver, "missing IDnsResolver");
         mProxyTracker = makeProxyTracker();
 
         mNetd = NetdService.getInstance();
@@ -1006,7 +1016,7 @@
 
         mMultipathPolicyTracker = new MultipathPolicyTracker(mContext, mHandler);
 
-        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mContext, mNMS, mSystemProperties);
+        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mContext, mDnsResolver, mSystemProperties);
         registerPrivateDnsSettingsCallbacks();
     }
 
@@ -1882,6 +1892,15 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    private boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(int pid, int uid, String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            if (mContext.checkPermission(permission, pid, uid) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private void enforceAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
         if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(permissions)) {
             throw new SecurityException("Requires one of the following permissions: "
@@ -1956,6 +1975,12 @@
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
+    private boolean checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return checkAnyPermissionOf(pid, uid,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+    }
+
     private void enforceConnectivityRestrictedNetworksPermission() {
         try {
             mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
@@ -3021,9 +3046,9 @@
             // NetworkFactories, so network traffic isn't interrupted for an unnecessarily
             // long time.
             try {
-                mNMS.removeNetwork(nai.network.netId);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                loge("Exception removing network: " + e);
+                mNetd.networkDestroy(nai.network.netId);
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                loge("Exception destroying network: " + e);
             }
             mDnsManager.removeNetwork(nai.network);
         }
@@ -3728,16 +3753,6 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 case EVENT_SYSTEM_READY: {
-                    for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : mNetworkAgentInfos.values()) {
-                        // Might have been called already in handleRegisterNetworkAgent since
-                        // mSystemReady is set before sending EVENT_SYSTEM_READY, but calling
-                        // this several times is fine.
-                        try {
-                            nai.networkMonitor().notifySystemReady();
-                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-                        }
-                    }
                     mMultipathPolicyTracker.start();
                     break;
                 }
@@ -4299,7 +4314,7 @@
 
     /**
      * @return VPN information for accounting, or null if we can't retrieve all required
-     *         information, e.g primary underlying iface.
+     *         information, e.g underlying ifaces.
      */
     @Nullable
     private VpnInfo createVpnInfo(Vpn vpn) {
@@ -4311,17 +4326,24 @@
         // see VpnService.setUnderlyingNetworks()'s javadoc about how to interpret
         // the underlyingNetworks list.
         if (underlyingNetworks == null) {
-            NetworkAgentInfo defaultNetwork = getDefaultNetwork();
-            if (defaultNetwork != null && defaultNetwork.linkProperties != null) {
-                info.primaryUnderlyingIface = getDefaultNetwork().linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
-            }
-        } else if (underlyingNetworks.length > 0) {
-            LinkProperties linkProperties = getLinkProperties(underlyingNetworks[0]);
-            if (linkProperties != null) {
-                info.primaryUnderlyingIface = linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            NetworkAgentInfo defaultNai = getDefaultNetwork();
+            if (defaultNai != null && defaultNai.linkProperties != null) {
+                underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNai.network };
             }
         }
-        return info.primaryUnderlyingIface == null ? null : info;
+        if (underlyingNetworks != null && underlyingNetworks.length > 0) {
+            List<String> interfaces = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Network network : underlyingNetworks) {
+                LinkProperties lp = getLinkProperties(network);
+                if (lp != null) {
+                    interfaces.add(lp.getInterfaceName());
+                }
+            }
+            if (!interfaces.isEmpty()) {
+                info.underlyingIfaces = interfaces.toArray(new String[interfaces.size()]);
+            }
+        }
+        return info.underlyingIfaces == null ? null : info;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -4952,13 +4974,19 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // This checks that the passed capabilities either do not request a specific SSID, or the
-    // calling app has permission to do so.
+    // This checks that the passed capabilities either do not request a specific SSID/SignalStrength
+    // , or the calling app has permission to do so.
     private void ensureSufficientPermissionsForRequest(NetworkCapabilities nc,
             int callerPid, int callerUid) {
         if (null != nc.getSSID() && !checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to request a specific SSID");
         }
+
+        if (nc.hasSignalStrength()
+                && !checkNetworkSignalStrengthWakeupPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Insufficient permissions to request a specific signal strength");
+        }
     }
 
     private ArrayList<Integer> getSignalStrengthThresholds(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
@@ -5372,10 +5400,10 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(messenger, new AsyncChannel(),
                 new Network(reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), lp, nc, currentScore,
-                mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkMisc(networkMisc), this, mNetd, mNMS,
-                factorySerialNumber);
+                mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkMisc(networkMisc), this, mNetd, mDnsResolver,
+                mNMS, factorySerialNumber);
         // Make sure the network capabilities reflect what the agent info says.
-        nai.networkCapabilities = mixInCapabilities(nai, nc);
+        nai.setNetworkCapabilities(mixInCapabilities(nai, nc));
         final String extraInfo = networkInfo.getExtraInfo();
         final String name = TextUtils.isEmpty(extraInfo)
                 ? nai.networkCapabilities.getSSID() : extraInfo;
@@ -5406,15 +5434,6 @@
         synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) {
             mNetworkForNetId.put(nai.network.netId, nai);
         }
-        synchronized (this) {
-            if (mSystemReady) {
-                try {
-                    networkMonitor.notifySystemReady();
-                } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
         try {
             networkMonitor.start();
@@ -5468,12 +5487,12 @@
             // Start or stop DNS64 detection and 464xlat according to network state.
             networkAgent.clatd.update();
             notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
+            try {
+                networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(newLp);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
             if (networkAgent.everConnected) {
-                try {
-                    networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyLinkPropertiesChanged();
-                } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-                }
                 notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED);
             }
         }
@@ -5701,7 +5720,7 @@
         final NetworkCapabilities prevNc;
         synchronized (nai) {
             prevNc = nai.networkCapabilities;
-            nai.networkCapabilities = newNc;
+            nai.setNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
         }
 
         updateUids(nai, prevNc, newNc);
@@ -5716,11 +5735,6 @@
             // If the requestable capabilities have changed or the score changed, we can't have been
             // called by rematchNetworkAndRequests, so it's safe to start a rematch.
             rematchAllNetworksAndRequests(nai, oldScore);
-            try {
-                nai.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged();
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-            }
             notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED);
         }
 
@@ -5979,11 +5993,6 @@
         }
 
         if (capabilitiesChanged) {
-            try {
-                nai.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged();
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-            }
             notifyNetworkCallbacks(nai, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED);
         }
 
@@ -6392,7 +6401,8 @@
                 if (networkAgent.networkMisc.acceptPartialConnectivity) {
                     networkAgent.networkMonitor().setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
                 }
-                networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected();
+                networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected(
+                        networkAgent.linkProperties, networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
             }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
index d8bb635..1913635 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
@@ -30,13 +30,15 @@
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
 import android.os.Binder;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@
 
     private final Context mContext;
     private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
-    private final INetworkManagementService mNMS;
+    private final IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
     private final MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
     // TODO: Replace these Maps with SparseArrays.
     private final Map<Integer, PrivateDnsConfig> mPrivateDnsMap;
@@ -243,10 +245,10 @@
     private String mPrivateDnsMode;
     private String mPrivateDnsSpecifier;
 
-    public DnsManager(Context ctx, INetworkManagementService nms, MockableSystemProperties sp) {
+    public DnsManager(Context ctx, IDnsResolver dnsResolver, MockableSystemProperties sp) {
         mContext = ctx;
         mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
-        mNMS = nms;
+        mDnsResolver = dnsResolver;
         mSystemProperties = sp;
         mPrivateDnsMap = new HashMap<>();
         mPrivateDnsValidationMap = new HashMap<>();
@@ -260,6 +262,12 @@
     }
 
     public void removeNetwork(Network network) {
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.clearResolverConfiguration(network.netId);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Slog.e(TAG, "Error clearing DNS configuration: " + e);
+            return;
+        }
         mPrivateDnsMap.remove(network.netId);
         mPrivateDnsValidationMap.remove(network.netId);
     }
@@ -344,10 +352,12 @@
         Slog.d(TAG, String.format("setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(%d, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
                 netId, Arrays.toString(assignedServers), Arrays.toString(domainStrs),
                 Arrays.toString(params), tlsHostname, Arrays.toString(tlsServers)));
+        final String[] tlsFingerprints = new String[0];
         try {
-            mNMS.setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
-                    netId, assignedServers, domainStrs, params, tlsHostname, tlsServers);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+            mDnsResolver.setResolverConfiguration(
+                    netId, assignedServers, domainStrs, params,
+                    tlsHostname, tlsServers, tlsFingerprints);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             Slog.e(TAG, "Error setting DNS configuration: " + e);
             return;
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
index 262ba7a..66bd27c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.InterfaceConfiguration;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
         NetworkInfo.State.SUSPENDED,
     };
 
+    private final IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
     private final INetd mNetd;
     private final INetworkManagementService mNMService;
 
@@ -84,7 +86,9 @@
     private Inet6Address mIPv6Address;
     private State mState = State.IDLE;
 
-    public Nat464Xlat(NetworkAgentInfo nai, INetd netd, INetworkManagementService nmService) {
+    public Nat464Xlat(NetworkAgentInfo nai, INetd netd, IDnsResolver dnsResolver,
+            INetworkManagementService nmService) {
+        mDnsResolver = dnsResolver;
         mNetd = netd;
         mNMService = nmService;
         mNetwork = nai;
@@ -269,7 +273,7 @@
 
     private void startPrefixDiscovery() {
         try {
-            mNetd.resolverStartPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
+            mDnsResolver.startPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
             mState = State.DISCOVERING;
         } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             Slog.e(TAG, "Error starting prefix discovery on netId " + getNetId() + ": " + e);
@@ -278,7 +282,7 @@
 
     private void stopPrefixDiscovery() {
         try {
-            mNetd.resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
+            mDnsResolver.stopPrefix64Discovery(getNetId());
         } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
             Slog.e(TAG, "Error stopping prefix discovery on netId " + getNetId() + ": " + e);
         }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 8f2825c..cfa9131 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
@@ -120,7 +122,8 @@
     // This Network object is always valid.
     public final Network network;
     public LinkProperties linkProperties;
-    // This should only be modified via ConnectivityService.updateCapabilities().
+    // This should only be modified by ConnectivityService, via setNetworkCapabilities().
+    // TODO: make this private with a getter.
     public NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
     public final NetworkMisc networkMisc;
     // Indicates if netd has been told to create this Network. From this point on the appropriate
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@
     public NetworkAgentInfo(Messenger messenger, AsyncChannel ac, Network net, NetworkInfo info,
             LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, Context context, Handler handler,
             NetworkMisc misc, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
-            INetworkManagementService nms, int factorySerialNumber) {
+            IDnsResolver dnsResolver, INetworkManagementService nms, int factorySerialNumber) {
         this.messenger = messenger;
         asyncChannel = ac;
         network = net;
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@
         linkProperties = lp;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
         currentScore = score;
-        clatd = new Nat464Xlat(this, netd, nms);
+        clatd = new Nat464Xlat(this, netd, dnsResolver, nms);
         mConnService = connService;
         mContext = context;
         mHandler = handler;
@@ -278,6 +281,25 @@
         mNetworkMonitor = networkMonitor;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set the NetworkCapabilities on this NetworkAgentInfo. Also attempts to notify NetworkMonitor
+     * of the new capabilities, if NetworkMonitor has been created.
+     *
+     * <p>If {@link NetworkMonitor#notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(NetworkCapabilities)} fails,
+     * the exception is logged but not reported to callers.
+     */
+    public void setNetworkCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        networkCapabilities = nc;
+        final INetworkMonitor nm = mNetworkMonitor;
+        if (nm != null) {
+            try {
+                nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error notifying NetworkMonitor of updated NetworkCapabilities", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public ConnectivityService connService() {
         return mConnService;
     }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
index 3cc0e36..abf019a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@
         assertFalse(p.contains(Address("2001:db8:f00::ace:d00e")));
         assertFalse(p.contains(Address("2001:db8:f00::bad:d00d")));
         assertFalse(p.contains(Address("2001:4868:4860::8888")));
-        assertFalse(p.contains((InetAddress)null));
         assertFalse(p.contains(Address("8.8.8.8")));
 
         p = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.0/23");
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
index b5b0384..c16a0f4 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
             .addValues(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
                     DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
 
-        assertTrue(delta.toString(), delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIface));
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, new String[] {underlyingIface});
         assertEquals(20, delta.size());
 
         // tunIface and TEST_IFACE entries are not changed.
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
             .addValues(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
                     DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,  75500L, 37L, 130000L, 70L, 0L);
 
-        assertTrue(delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIface));
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, new String[]{underlyingIface});
         assertEquals(9, delta.size());
 
         // tunIface entries should not be changed.
@@ -813,6 +813,37 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testFilterDebugEntries() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry4 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_OUT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 4)
+                .addValues(entry1)
+                .addValues(entry2)
+                .addValues(entry3)
+                .addValues(entry4);
+
+        stats.filterDebugEntries();
+
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testApply464xlatAdjustments() {
         final String v4Iface = "v4-wlan0";
         final String baseIface = "wlan0";
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
index 76cccc9..1a3ea60 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@
         assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
 
         builder.setAssignedV4Address((Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByName("1.2.3.4"));
+        // lease will expire in two hours
+        builder.setAssignedV4AddressExpiry(System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000);
         // groupHint stays null this time around
         builder.setDnsAddresses(Collections.emptyList());
         builder.setMtu(18);
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@
         assertEquals(in, new NetworkAttributes(parcelingRoundTrip(in.toParcelable())));
 
         builder.setAssignedV4Address((Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByName("6.7.8.9"));
+        builder.setAssignedV4AddressExpiry(System.currentTimeMillis() + 3_600_000);
         builder.setGroupHint("groupHint");
         builder.setDnsAddresses(Arrays.asList(
                 InetAddress.getByName("ACA1:652B:0911:DE8F:1200:115E:913B:AA2A"),
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@
         // Verify that this test does not miss any new field added later.
         // If any field is added to NetworkAttributes it must be tested here for parceling
         // roundtrip.
-        assertEquals(4, Arrays.stream(NetworkAttributes.class.getDeclaredFields())
+        assertEquals(5, Arrays.stream(NetworkAttributes.class.getDeclaredFields())
                 .filter(f -> !Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())).count());
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 6f48da3..c2fc0b3 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepaliveCallback;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TooManyRequestsException;
 import android.net.ConnectivityThread;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitor;
 import android.net.INetworkMonitorCallbacks;
@@ -240,6 +241,7 @@
     private static final String CLAT_PREFIX = "v4-";
     private static final String MOBILE_IFNAME = "test_rmnet_data0";
     private static final String WIFI_IFNAME = "test_wlan0";
+    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
 
     private MockContext mServiceContext;
     private WrappedConnectivityService mService;
@@ -256,6 +258,7 @@
     @Mock INetworkManagementService mNetworkManagementService;
     @Mock INetworkStatsService mStatsService;
     @Mock INetworkPolicyManager mNpm;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
     @Mock INetd mMockNetd;
     @Mock NetworkStackClient mNetworkStack;
 
@@ -496,7 +499,7 @@
             };
 
             try {
-                doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnected();
+                doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).notifyNetworkConnected(any(), any());
                 doAnswer(validateAnswer).when(mNetworkMonitor).forceReevaluation(anyInt());
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 fail(e.getMessage());
@@ -1053,8 +1056,8 @@
 
         public WrappedConnectivityService(Context context, INetworkManagementService netManager,
                 INetworkStatsService statsService, INetworkPolicyManager policyManager,
-                IpConnectivityLog log, INetd netd) {
-            super(context, netManager, statsService, policyManager, log);
+                IpConnectivityLog log, INetd netd, IDnsResolver dnsResolver) {
+            super(context, netManager, statsService, policyManager, dnsResolver, log);
             mNetd = netd;
             mLingerDelayMs = TEST_LINGER_DELAY_MS;
         }
@@ -1218,7 +1221,8 @@
                 mStatsService,
                 mNpm,
                 mock(IpConnectivityLog.class),
-                mMockNetd);
+                mMockNetd,
+                mMockDnsResolver);
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<INetworkPolicyListener> policyListenerCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkPolicyListener.class);
@@ -3043,6 +3047,47 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testInvalidSignalStrength() {
+        NetworkRequest r = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                .setSignalStrength(-75)
+                .build();
+        // Registering a NetworkCallback with signal strength but w/o NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP
+        // permission should get SecurityException.
+        try {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, new NetworkCallback());
+            fail("Expected SecurityException filing a callback with signal strength");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mCm.registerNetworkCallback(r, PendingIntent.getService(
+                    mServiceContext, 0, new Intent(), 0));
+            fail("Expected SecurityException filing a callback with signal strength");
+        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        // Requesting a Network with signal strength should get IllegalArgumentException.
+        try {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(r, new NetworkCallback());
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException filing a request with signal strength");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mCm.requestNetwork(r, PendingIntent.getService(
+                    mServiceContext, 0, new Intent(), 0));
+            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException filing a request with signal strength");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testRegisterDefaultNetworkCallback() throws Exception {
         final TestNetworkCallback defaultNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         mCm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultNetworkCallback);
@@ -4777,14 +4822,14 @@
         ArgumentCaptor<String[]> tlsServers = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(String[].class);
 
         // Clear any interactions that occur as a result of CS starting up.
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
-        final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
         mCellNetworkAgent = new MockNetworkAgent(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, never()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
-                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetworkManagementService);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""),
+                eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
@@ -4801,28 +4846,29 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
         waitForIdle();
         // CS tells netd about the empty DNS config for this network.
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
-                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""),
+                eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1"));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(""), tlsServers.capture());
+                eq(""), tlsServers.capture(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(1, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(), "2001:db8::1"));
         // Opportunistic mode.
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(tlsServers.getValue(), "2001:db8::1"));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         cellLp.addDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.1"));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(""), tlsServers.capture());
+                eq(""), tlsServers.capture(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(2, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
@@ -4830,7 +4876,7 @@
         assertEquals(2, tlsServers.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(tlsServers.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         final String TLS_SPECIFIER = "tls.example.com";
         final String TLS_SERVER6 = "2001:db8:53::53";
@@ -4840,22 +4886,21 @@
                 new PrivateDnsConfig(TLS_SPECIFIER, TLS_IPS).toParcel());
 
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(TLS_SPECIFIER), eq(TLS_SERVERS));
+                eq(TLS_SPECIFIER), eq(TLS_SERVERS), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(2, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPrivateDnsSettingsChange() throws Exception {
-        final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
         ArgumentCaptor<String[]> tlsServers = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(String[].class);
 
         // Clear any interactions that occur as a result of CS starting up.
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         // The default on Android is opportunistic mode ("Automatic").
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
@@ -4868,9 +4913,10 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent = new MockNetworkAgent(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         waitForIdle();
         // CS tells netd about the empty DNS config for this network.
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, never()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
-                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
-        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetworkManagementService);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                anyInt(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(), eq(""),
+                eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         final LinkProperties cellLp = new LinkProperties();
         cellLp.setInterfaceName(MOBILE_IFNAME);
@@ -4889,9 +4935,9 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(false);
         waitForIdle();
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(""), tlsServers.capture());
+                eq(""), tlsServers.capture(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(2, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
@@ -4899,7 +4945,7 @@
         assertEquals(2, tlsServers.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(tlsServers.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.AVAILABLE, mCellNetworkAgent);
         cellNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.NETWORK_CAPABILITIES,
                 mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -4911,26 +4957,26 @@
         assertNull(((LinkProperties)cbi.arg).getPrivateDnsServerName());
 
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OFF, "ignored.example.com");
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, times(1)).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
+                eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(2, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC, "ignored.example.com");
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, atLeastOnce()).setDnsConfigurationForNetwork(
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
                 anyInt(), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                eq(""), tlsServers.capture());
+                eq(""), tlsServers.capture(), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
         assertEquals(2, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
         assertEquals(2, tlsServers.getValue().length);
         assertTrue(ArrayUtils.containsAll(tlsServers.getValue(),
                 new String[]{"2001:db8::1", "192.0.2.1"}));
-        reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         cellNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         setPrivateDnsSettings(PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_PROVIDER_HOSTNAME, "strict.example.com");
@@ -5761,6 +5807,7 @@
         cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo((IpPrefix) null, myIpv6.getAddress(), MOBILE_IFNAME));
         cellLp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv6, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
         reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
         when(mNetworkManagementService.getInterfaceConfig(CLAT_PREFIX + MOBILE_IFNAME))
                 .thenReturn(getClatInterfaceConfig(myIpv4));
 
@@ -5768,7 +5815,7 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
         networkCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).resolverStartPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
 
         // Switching default network updates TCP buffer sizes.
         verifyTcpBufferSizeChange(ConnectivityService.DEFAULT_TCP_BUFFER_SIZES);
@@ -5778,17 +5825,22 @@
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, atLeastOnce()).setResolverConfiguration(
+                eq(cellNetId), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), any(), any(),
+                eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
 
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
         reset(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         // Remove IPv4 address. Expect prefix discovery to be started again.
         cellLp.removeLinkAddress(myIpv4);
         cellLp.removeRoute(new RouteInfo(myIpv4, null, MOBILE_IFNAME));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).resolverStartPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
 
         // When NAT64 prefix discovery succeeds, LinkProperties are updated and clatd is started.
         Nat464Xlat clat = mService.getNat464Xlat(mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -5818,6 +5870,12 @@
         assertNotEquals(stackedLpsAfterChange, Collections.EMPTY_LIST);
         assertEquals(makeClatLinkProperties(myIpv4), stackedLpsAfterChange.get(0));
 
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).setResolverConfiguration(
+                eq(cellNetId), mStringArrayCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
+                eq(""), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), eq(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY));
+        assertEquals(1, mStringArrayCaptor.getValue().length);
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(mStringArrayCaptor.getValue(), "8.8.8.8"));
+
         // Add ipv4 address, expect that clatd and prefix discovery are stopped and stacked
         // linkproperties are cleaned up.
         cellLp.addLinkAddress(myIpv4);
@@ -5825,7 +5883,7 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
         verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).clatdStop(MOBILE_IFNAME);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).stopPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
 
         // As soon as stop is called, the linkproperties lose the stacked interface.
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -5840,7 +5898,9 @@
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
 
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockNetd);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mMockDnsResolver);
         reset(mMockNetd);
+        reset(mMockDnsResolver);
 
         // Stopping prefix discovery causes netd to tell us that the NAT64 prefix is gone.
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, false /* added */,
@@ -5854,7 +5914,7 @@
         cellLp.removeDnsServer(InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8"));
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(cellLp);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
-        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).resolverStartPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1)).startPrefix64Discovery(cellNetId);
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(cellNetId, true /* added */,
                 kNat64PrefixString, 96);
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LINK_PROPERTIES, mCellNetworkAgent);
@@ -5937,6 +5997,7 @@
 
         // Disconnect cell
         reset(mNetworkManagementService);
+        reset(mMockNetd);
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
         networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
         // LOST callback is triggered earlier than removing idle timer. Broadcast should also be
@@ -5944,8 +6005,9 @@
         // unexpectedly before network being removed.
         waitForIdle();
         verify(mNetworkManagementService, times(0)).removeIdleTimer(eq(MOBILE_IFNAME));
-        verify(mNetworkManagementService, times(1)).removeNetwork(
-                eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        verify(mMockNetd, times(1)).networkDestroy(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
+        verify(mMockDnsResolver, times(1))
+                .clearResolverConfiguration(eq(mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork().netId));
 
         // Disconnect wifi
         ConditionVariable cv = waitForConnectivityBroadcasts(1);
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
index 15ba43d..8fa0ab9 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.test.mock.MockContentResolver;
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
     MockContentResolver mContentResolver;
 
     @Mock Context mCtx;
-    @Mock INetworkManagementService mNMService;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
     @Mock MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
 
     @Before
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
         mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY,
                 new FakeSettingsProvider());
         when(mCtx.getContentResolver()).thenReturn(mContentResolver);
-        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mCtx, mNMService, mSystemProperties);
+        mDnsManager = new DnsManager(mCtx, mMockDnsResolver, mSystemProperties);
 
         // Clear the private DNS settings
         Settings.Global.putString(mContentResolver, PRIVATE_DNS_DEFAULT_MODE, "");
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 6de4aa1..142769f 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@
     LingerMonitor mMonitor;
 
     @Mock ConnectivityService mConnService;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
     @Mock INetd mNetd;
     @Mock INetworkManagementService mNMS;
     @Mock Context mCtx;
@@ -353,7 +355,7 @@
         caps.addCapability(0);
         caps.addTransportType(transport);
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, null, new Network(netId), info, null,
-                caps, 50, mCtx, null, mMisc, mConnService, mNetd, mNMS,
+                caps, 50, mCtx, null, mMisc, mConnService, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS,
                 NetworkFactory.SerialNumber.NONE);
         nai.everValidated = true;
         return nai;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
index cc09fb7..b709af1 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464XlatTest.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IDnsResolver;
 import android.net.INetd;
 import android.net.InterfaceConfiguration;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
 
     @Mock ConnectivityService mConnectivity;
     @Mock NetworkMisc mMisc;
+    @Mock IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
     @Mock INetd mNetd;
     @Mock INetworkManagementService mNms;
     @Mock InterfaceConfiguration mConfig;
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@
     Handler mHandler;
 
     Nat464Xlat makeNat464Xlat() {
-        return new Nat464Xlat(mNai, mNetd, mNms) {
+        return new Nat464Xlat(mNai, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNms) {
             @Override protected int getNetId() {
                 return NETID;
             }
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@
         verify(mNms).unregisterObserver(eq(nat));
         assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
         assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
-        verify(mNetd).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
         assertIdle(nat);
 
         // Stacked interface removed notification arrives and is ignored.
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@
         verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
         verify(mConnectivity, times(2)).handleUpdateLinkProperties(eq(mNai), c.capture());
         verify(mNms).unregisterObserver(eq(nat));
-        verify(mNetd).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
         assertTrue(c.getValue().getStackedLinks().isEmpty());
         assertFalse(c.getValue().getAllInterfaceNames().contains(STACKED_IFACE));
         assertIdle(nat);
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@
 
         verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
         verify(mNms).unregisterObserver(eq(nat));
-        verify(mNetd).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
         assertIdle(nat);
 
         // In-flight interface up notification arrives: no-op
@@ -390,7 +392,7 @@
 
         verify(mNetd).clatdStop(eq(BASE_IFACE));
         verify(mNms).unregisterObserver(eq(nat));
-        verify(mNetd).resolverStopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
+        verify(mDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(eq(NETID));
         assertIdle(nat);
 
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mNms, mConnectivity);
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index bce526d..e35c34a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
@@ -216,11 +217,16 @@
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectSystemReady();
 
+        assertNull(mService.getTunAdjustedStats());
         mService.systemReady();
+        // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats and initializes tun adjusted stats.
+        verify(mNetManager).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL);
+        assertNotNull("failed to initialize TUN adjusted stats", mService.getTunAdjustedStats());
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+
         mSession = mService.openSession();
         assertNotNull("openSession() failed", mSession);
 
-
         // catch INetworkManagementEventObserver during systemReady()
         ArgumentCaptor<INetworkManagementEventObserver> networkObserver =
               ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
@@ -733,11 +739,13 @@
 
         NetworkStats stats = mService.getDetailedUidStats(ifaceFilter);
 
-        verify(mNetManager, times(1)).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(eq(UID_ALL), argThat(ifaces ->
-                ifaces != null && ifaces.length == 2
-                        && ArrayUtils.contains(ifaces, TEST_IFACE)
-                        && ArrayUtils.contains(ifaces, stackedIface)));
-
+        // mNetManager#getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL) has following invocations:
+        // 1) NetworkStatsService#systemReady from #setUp.
+        // 2) mService#forceUpdateIfaces in the test above.
+        // 3) Finally, mService#getDetailedUidStats.
+        verify(mNetManager, times(3)).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL);
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(stats.getUniqueIfaces(), TEST_IFACE));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(stats.getUniqueIfaces(), stackedIface));
         assertEquals(2, stats.size());
         assertEquals(uidStats, stats.getValues(0, null));
         assertEquals(tetheredStats1, stats.getValues(1, null));
@@ -927,7 +935,7 @@
         // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
         expectDefaultSettings();
         NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -947,8 +955,10 @@
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
                 .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
                 .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1L)
-                .addValues(
-                    TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1650L, 150L, 1650L, 150L, 2L));
+                // VPN received 1650 bytes over WiFi in background (SET_DEFAULT).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1650L, 150L, 0L, 0L, 1L)
+                // VPN sent 1650 bytes over WiFi in foreground (SET_FOREGROUND).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1650L, 150L, 1L));
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
@@ -962,7 +972,7 @@
         // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
         expectDefaultSettings();
         NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -993,6 +1003,132 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_packetDuplication() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is duplicating traffic across both WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED and UID_BLUE over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 4400 bytes (400 packets) over both WiFi and Cell (8800 bytes in total).
+        // Of 8800 bytes over WiFi/Cell, expect:
+        // - 500 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell attributed to both UID_RED and UID_BLUE.
+        // - 1200 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell for VPN_UID.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 4)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 2200L, 200L, 2L)
+                .addValues(
+                    TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 2200L, 200L, 2L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L, 2);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTraffic() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 660 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 440 bytes (40 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 400 bytes over Cell for both
+        // rx/tx.
+        // For UID_VPN, expect 60 bytes attributed over WiFi and 40 bytes over Cell for both rx/tx.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 660L, 60L, 660L, 60L, 1L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 440L, 40L, 440L, 40L, 1L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 60L, 0L, 60L, 0L, 1);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 400L, 40L, 400L, 40L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 40L, 0L, 40L, 0L, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTrafficWithCompression() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting compressed traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface:
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 600 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 200 bytes (20 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 200 bytes over Cell for both
+        // rx/tx.
+        // UID_VPN gets nothing attributed to it (avoiding negative stats).
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 4)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 200L, 20L, 200L, 20L, 0L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 200L, 20L, 200L, 20L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void vpnWithIncorrectUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
         // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2),
         // but has declared only WiFi (TEST_IFACE) in its underlying network set.
@@ -1001,7 +1137,7 @@
                 new NetworkState[] {
                     buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
                 };
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -1030,6 +1166,134 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void recordSnapshot_migratesTunTrafficAndUpdatesTunAdjustedStats() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        // this should lead to NSS#recordSnapshotLocked
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+
+        // Verify TUN adjusted stats have traffic migrated correctly.
+        // Of 1100 bytes VPN received over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED and 100
+        // bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        NetworkStats tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getDetailedUidStats_migratesTunTrafficAndUpdatesTunAdjustedStats()
+            throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        mService.getDetailedUidStats(INTERFACES_ALL);
+
+        // Verify internally maintained TUN adjusted stats
+        NetworkStats tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        // Verify stats for TEST_IFACE (WiFi):
+        // Of 1100 bytes VPN received over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED and 100
+        // bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        // Verify stats for TUN_IFACE; only UID_RED should have usage on it.
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // lets assume that since last time, VPN received another 1100 bytes (same assumptions as
+        // before i.e. UID_RED downloaded another 1000 bytes).
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Note - NetworkStatsFactory returns counters that are monotonically increasing.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        mService.getDetailedUidStats(INTERFACES_ALL);
+
+        tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        // verify TEST_IFACE stats:
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        // verify TUN_IFACE stats:
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getDetailedUidStats_returnsCorrectStatsWithVpnRunning() throws Exception {
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        // Query realtime stats for TEST_IFACE.
+        NetworkStats queriedStats =
+                mService.getDetailedUidStats(new String[] {TEST_IFACE});
+
+        assertEquals(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, queriedStats.getElapsedRealtime());
+        // verify that returned stats are only for TEST_IFACE and VPN traffic is migrated correctly.
+        assertEquals(new String[] {TEST_IFACE}, queriedStats.getUniqueIfaces());
+        assertValues(
+                queriedStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                queriedStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testRegisterUsageCallback() throws Exception {
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
@@ -1382,11 +1646,11 @@
         return new NetworkState(info, prop, new NetworkCapabilities(), VPN_NETWORK, null, null);
     }
 
-    private static VpnInfo createVpnInfo(String underlyingIface) {
+    private static VpnInfo createVpnInfo(String[] underlyingIfaces) {
         VpnInfo info = new VpnInfo();
         info.ownerUid = UID_VPN;
         info.vpnIface = TUN_IFACE;
-        info.primaryUnderlyingIface = underlyingIface;
+        info.underlyingIfaces = underlyingIfaces;
         return info;
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
index dc20185..fb84611 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/NetworkAttributesTest.java
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
         final NetworkAttributes na =
                 new NetworkAttributes(
                         (Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4}),
+                        System.currentTimeMillis() + 7_200_000,
                         "some hint",
                         Arrays.asList(Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {5, 6, 7, 8}),
                                 Inet4Address.getByAddress(new byte[] {9, 0, 1, 2})),