Merge changes If7b13672,I96135a8c

* changes:
  AshmemTest: expand ProtTest cases
  AshmemTest: test lseek() and read() on ashmem fds
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
index 20610ee..a32c605 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
@@ -159,6 +159,20 @@
                         libusb_get_device_address(device));
 }
 
+static std::string get_device_serial_path(libusb_device* device) {
+    uint8_t ports[7];
+    int port_count = libusb_get_port_numbers(device, ports, 7);
+    if (port_count < 0) return "";
+
+    std::string path =
+        StringPrintf("/sys/bus/usb/devices/%d-%d", libusb_get_bus_number(device), ports[0]);
+    for (int port = 1; port < port_count; ++port) {
+        path += StringPrintf(".%d", ports[port]);
+    }
+    path += "/serial";
+    return path;
+}
+
 static bool endpoint_is_output(uint8_t endpoint) {
     return (endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK) == LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT;
 }
@@ -291,49 +305,67 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            libusb_device_handle* handle_raw;
+            bool writable = true;
+            libusb_device_handle* handle_raw = nullptr;
             rc = libusb_open(device, &handle_raw);
-            if (rc != 0) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "failed to open usb device at " << device_address << ": "
-                             << libusb_error_name(rc);
-                continue;
-            }
-
             unique_device_handle handle(handle_raw);
-            LOG(DEBUG) << "successfully opened adb device at " << device_address << ", "
-                       << StringPrintf("bulk_in = %#x, bulk_out = %#x", bulk_in, bulk_out);
-
-            device_serial.resize(255);
-            rc = libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(
-                handle_raw, device_desc.iSerialNumber,
-                reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&device_serial[0]), device_serial.length());
             if (rc == 0) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "received empty serial from device at " << device_address;
-                continue;
-            } else if (rc < 0) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "failed to get serial from device at " << device_address
-                             << libusb_error_name(rc);
-                continue;
-            }
-            device_serial.resize(rc);
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "successfully opened adb device at " << device_address << ", "
+                           << StringPrintf("bulk_in = %#x, bulk_out = %#x", bulk_in, bulk_out);
 
-            // WARNING: this isn't released via RAII.
-            rc = libusb_claim_interface(handle.get(), interface_num);
-            if (rc != 0) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "failed to claim adb interface for device '" << device_serial << "'"
-                             << libusb_error_name(rc);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            for (uint8_t endpoint : {bulk_in, bulk_out}) {
-                rc = libusb_clear_halt(handle.get(), endpoint);
-                if (rc != 0) {
-                    LOG(WARNING) << "failed to clear halt on device '" << device_serial
-                                 << "' endpoint 0x" << std::hex << endpoint << ": "
+                device_serial.resize(255);
+                rc = libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(
+                    handle_raw, device_desc.iSerialNumber,
+                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&device_serial[0]), device_serial.length());
+                if (rc == 0) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "received empty serial from device at " << device_address;
+                    continue;
+                } else if (rc < 0) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "failed to get serial from device at " << device_address
                                  << libusb_error_name(rc);
-                    libusb_release_interface(handle.get(), interface_num);
                     continue;
                 }
+                device_serial.resize(rc);
+
+                // WARNING: this isn't released via RAII.
+                rc = libusb_claim_interface(handle.get(), interface_num);
+                if (rc != 0) {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << "failed to claim adb interface for device '" << device_serial
+                                 << "'" << libusb_error_name(rc);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (uint8_t endpoint : {bulk_in, bulk_out}) {
+                    rc = libusb_clear_halt(handle.get(), endpoint);
+                    if (rc != 0) {
+                        LOG(WARNING) << "failed to clear halt on device '" << device_serial
+                                     << "' endpoint 0x" << std::hex << endpoint << ": "
+                                     << libusb_error_name(rc);
+                        libusb_release_interface(handle.get(), interface_num);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "failed to open usb device at " << device_address << ": "
+                             << libusb_error_name(rc);
+                writable = false;
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+                // libusb doesn't think we should be messing around with devices we don't have
+                // write access to, but Linux at least lets us get the serial number anyway.
+                if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(get_device_serial_path(device),
+                                                     &device_serial)) {
+                    // We don't actually want to treat an unknown serial as an error because
+                    // devices aren't able to communicate a serial number in early bringup.
+                    // http://b/20883914
+                    device_serial = "unknown";
+                }
+                device_serial = android::base::Trim(device_serial);
+#else
+                // On Mac OS and Windows, we're screwed. But I don't think this situation actually
+                // happens on those OSes.
+                continue;
+#endif
             }
 
             auto result = std::make_unique<usb_handle>(device_address, device_serial,
@@ -346,7 +378,8 @@
                 usb_handles[device_address] = std::move(result);
             }
 
-            register_usb_transport(usb_handle_raw, device_serial.c_str(), device_address.c_str(), 1);
+            register_usb_transport(usb_handle_raw, device_serial.c_str(), device_address.c_str(),
+                                   writable);
 
             LOG(INFO) << "registered new usb device '" << device_serial << "'";
         }
diff --git a/adb/diagnose_usb.cpp b/adb/diagnose_usb.cpp
index 0f067b0..9f721bf 100644
--- a/adb/diagnose_usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/diagnose_usb.cpp
@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
 #include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #endif
 
 static const char kPermissionsHelpUrl[] = "http://developer.android.com/tools/device.html";
 
-// Returns a message describing any potential problems we find with udev, or nullptr if we can't
-// find plugdev information (i.e. udev is not installed).
-static const char* GetUdevProblem() {
+// Returns a message describing any potential problems we find with udev, or an empty string if we
+// can't find plugdev information (i.e. udev is not installed).
+static std::string GetUdevProblem() {
 #if defined(__linux__)
     errno = 0;
     group* plugdev_group = getgrnam("plugdev");
@@ -41,43 +42,45 @@
             perror("failed to read plugdev group info");
         }
         // We can't give any generally useful advice here, just let the caller print the help URL.
-        return nullptr;
+        return "";
     }
 
-    // getgroups(2) indicates that the group_member() may not check the egid so we check it
+    // getgroups(2) indicates that the GNU group_member(3) may not check the egid so we check it
     // additionally just to be sure.
     if (group_member(plugdev_group->gr_gid) || getegid() == plugdev_group->gr_gid) {
         // The user is in plugdev so the problem is likely with the udev rules.
-        return "verify udev rules";
+        return "user in plugdev group; are your udev rules wrong?";
     }
-    return "udev requires plugdev group membership";
+    passwd* pwd = getpwuid(getuid());
+    return android::base::StringPrintf("user %s is not in the plugdev group",
+                                       pwd ? pwd->pw_name : "?");
 #else
-    return nullptr;
+    return "";
 #endif
 }
 
 // Short help text must be a single line, and will look something like:
-//   no permissions (reason); see <URL>
+//
+//   no permissions (reason); see [URL]
 std::string UsbNoPermissionsShortHelpText() {
     std::string help_text = "no permissions";
 
-    const char* problem = GetUdevProblem();
-    if (problem != nullptr) {
-        help_text += android::base::StringPrintf(" (%s)", problem);
-    }
+    std::string problem(GetUdevProblem());
+    if (!problem.empty()) help_text += " (" + problem + ")";
 
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s; see [%s]", help_text.c_str(), kPermissionsHelpUrl);
 }
 
-// Long help text can span multiple lines and should provide more detailed information.
+// Long help text can span multiple lines but doesn't currently provide more detailed information:
+//
+//   insufficient permissions for device: reason
+//   See [URL] for more information
 std::string UsbNoPermissionsLongHelpText() {
     std::string header = "insufficient permissions for device";
 
-    const char* problem = GetUdevProblem();
-    if (problem != nullptr) {
-        header += android::base::StringPrintf(": %s", problem);
-    }
+    std::string problem(GetUdevProblem());
+    if (!problem.empty()) header += ": " + problem;
 
-    return android::base::StringPrintf("%s.\nSee [%s] for more information.",
-                                       header.c_str(), kPermissionsHelpUrl);
+    return android::base::StringPrintf("%s\nSee [%s] for more information", header.c_str(),
+                                       kPermissionsHelpUrl);
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
index 94cea57..31babfe 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
@@ -483,13 +483,34 @@
     // Only allow two verify results:
     //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK.
     //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION (for UNLOCKED state).
-    if (verify_result == AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION) {
-        if (!avb_verifier->IsDeviceUnlocked()) {
-            LERROR << "ERROR_VERIFICATION isn't allowed";
+    //     If the device is UNLOCKED, i.e., |allow_verification_error| is true for
+    //     AvbSlotVerify(), then the following return values are all non-fatal:
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_PUBLIC_KEY_REJECTED
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_ROLLBACK_INDEX
+    //     The latter two results were checked by bootloader prior to start fs_mgr so
+    //     we just need to handle the first result here. See *dummy* operations in
+    //     FsManagerAvbOps and the comments in external/avb/libavb/avb_slot_verify.h
+    //     for more details.
+    switch (verify_result) {
+        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK:
+            avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess;
+            break;
+        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION:
+            if (!avb_verifier->IsDeviceUnlocked()) {
+                LERROR << "ERROR_VERIFICATION isn't allowed when the device is LOCKED";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleErrorVerification;
+            break;
+        default:
+            LERROR << "avb_slot_verify failed, result: " << verify_result;
             return nullptr;
-        }
-    } else if (verify_result != AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK) {
-        LERROR << "avb_slot_verify failed, result: " << verify_result;
+    }
+
+    // Verifies vbmeta images against the digest passed from bootloader.
+    if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(*avb_handle->avb_slot_data_)) {
+        LERROR << "VerifyVbmetaImages failed";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -497,30 +518,20 @@
     avb_handle->avb_version_ =
         android::base::StringPrintf("%d.%d", AVB_VERSION_MAJOR, AVB_VERSION_MINOR);
 
-    // Verifies vbmeta images against the digest passed from bootloader.
-    if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(*avb_handle->avb_slot_data_)) {
-        LERROR << "VerifyVbmetaImages failed";
-        return nullptr;
-    } else {
-        // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
-        AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
-        avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
-            (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
-            &vbmeta_header);
+    // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
+    AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
+    avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
+        (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
+        &vbmeta_header);
 
-        bool hashtree_disabled =
-            ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
-        if (hashtree_disabled) {
-            avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
-            return avb_handle;
-        }
+    bool hashtree_disabled =
+        ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
+    if (hashtree_disabled) {
+        avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
     }
 
-    if (verify_result == AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK) {
-        avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess;
-        return avb_handle;
-    }
-    return nullptr;
+    LINFO << "Returning avb_handle with status: " << avb_handle->status_;
+    return avb_handle;
 }
 
 bool FsManagerAvbHandle::SetUpAvb(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
@@ -528,11 +539,12 @@
     if (!avb_slot_data_ || avb_slot_data_->num_vbmeta_images < 1) {
         return false;
     }
+
+    if (status_ == kFsManagerAvbHandleUninitialized) return false;
     if (status_ == kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled) {
         LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled on:" << fstab_entry->mount_point;
         return true;
     }
-    if (status_ != kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess) return false;
 
     std::string partition_name(basename(fstab_entry->mount_point));
     if (!avb_validate_utf8((const uint8_t*)partition_name.c_str(), partition_name.length())) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
index a66ff42..65ff9941 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
 
 enum FsManagerAvbHandleStatus {
+    kFsManagerAvbHandleUninitialized = -1,
     kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess = 0,
     kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled = 1,
-    kFsManagerAvbHandleFail = 2,
+    kFsManagerAvbHandleErrorVerification = 2,
 };
 
 class FsManagerAvbHandle;
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@
     };
 
   protected:
-    FsManagerAvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kFsManagerAvbHandleFail) {}
+    FsManagerAvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kFsManagerAvbHandleUninitialized) {}
 
   private:
     AvbSlotVerifyData* avb_slot_data_;
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Android.bp b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
index 285aa6e..7dd9227 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Android.bp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
                 "libunwind",
             ],
 
-            static_libs: ["libcutils"],
+            static_libs: ["libasync_safe", "libcutils"],
         },
     },
 }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceAsyncSafeLog.h b/libbacktrace/BacktraceAsyncSafeLog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14f51be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceAsyncSafeLog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_ASYNC_SAFE_LOG_H
+#define _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_ASYNC_SAFE_LOG_H
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+
+#include <async_safe/log.h>
+
+// Logging macros for use in signal handler, only available on target.
+#define BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGW(format, ...)                                                     \
+  async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "libbacktrace", "%s: " format, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, \
+                        ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE(format, ...)                                                      \
+  async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "libbacktrace", "%s: " format, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, \
+                        ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#else
+
+#define BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGW(format, ...)
+
+#define BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE(format, ...)
+
+#endif
+
+#endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_ASYNC_SAFE_LOG_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp b/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
index d7a3b01..fb76b85 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
 
+#include "BacktraceAsyncSafeLog.h"
 #include "BacktraceCurrent.h"
-#include "BacktraceLog.h"
 #include "ThreadEntry.h"
 #include "thread_utils.h"
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
     *out_value = *reinterpret_cast<word_t*>(ptr);
     return true;
   } else {
-    BACK_LOGW("pointer %p not in a readable map", reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr));
+    BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGW("pointer %p not in a readable map", reinterpret_cast<void*>(ptr));
     *out_value = static_cast<word_t>(-1);
     return false;
   }
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@
 static void SignalLogOnly(int, siginfo_t*, void*) {
   ErrnoRestorer restore;
 
-  BACK_LOGE("pid %d, tid %d: Received a spurious signal %d\n", getpid(), gettid(), THREAD_SIGNAL);
+  BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE("pid %d, tid %d: Received a spurious signal %d\n", getpid(), gettid(),
+                       THREAD_SIGNAL);
 }
 
 static void SignalHandler(int, siginfo_t*, void* sigcontext) {
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@
 
   ThreadEntry* entry = ThreadEntry::Get(getpid(), gettid(), false);
   if (!entry) {
-    BACK_LOGE("pid %d, tid %d entry not found", getpid(), gettid());
+    BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE("pid %d, tid %d entry not found", getpid(), gettid());
     return;
   }
 
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@
     entry->Wake();
   } else {
     // At this point, it is possible that entry has been freed, so just exit.
-    BACK_LOGE("Timed out waiting for unwind thread to indicate it completed.");
+    BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE("Timed out waiting for unwind thread to indicate it completed.");
   }
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@
   act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
   sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
   if (sigaction(THREAD_SIGNAL, &act, &oldact) != 0) {
-    BACK_LOGE("sigaction failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+    BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE("sigaction failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     ThreadEntry::Remove(entry);
     pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_sigaction_mutex);
     error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_ERROR_INTERNAL;
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@
     // Wait for the thread to indicate it is done with the ThreadEntry.
     if (!entry->Wait(3)) {
       // Send a warning, but do not mark as a failure to unwind.
-      BACK_LOGW("Timed out waiting for signal handler to indicate it finished.");
+      BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGW("Timed out waiting for signal handler to indicate it finished.");
     }
   } else {
     // Check to see if the thread has disappeared.
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@
       error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_ERROR_THREAD_DOESNT_EXIST;
     } else {
       error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_ERROR_THREAD_TIMEOUT;
-      BACK_LOGE("Timed out waiting for signal handler to get ucontext data.");
+      BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGE("Timed out waiting for signal handler to get ucontext data.");
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/ThreadEntry.cpp b/libbacktrace/ThreadEntry.cpp
index 084c1aa..9bd59e4 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/ThreadEntry.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/ThreadEntry.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <ucontext.h>
 
-#include "BacktraceLog.h"
+#include "BacktraceAsyncSafeLog.h"
 #include "ThreadEntry.h"
 
 // Initialize static member variables.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
   while (wait_value_ != value) {
     int ret = pthread_cond_timedwait(&wait_cond_, &wait_mutex_, &ts);
     if (ret != 0) {
-      BACK_LOGW("pthread_cond_timedwait for value %d failed: %s", value, strerror(ret));
+      BACK_ASYNC_SAFE_LOGW("pthread_cond_timedwait for value %d failed: %s", value, strerror(ret));
       wait_completed = false;
       break;
     }