Merge "adbd: move jdwp listening logic into ART."
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
index 1abae87..f4aa9fb 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
@@ -509,14 +509,16 @@
             }
 
             if (id.direction == TransferDirection::READ) {
-                HandleRead(id, event.res);
+                if (!HandleRead(id, event.res)) {
+                    return;
+                }
             } else {
                 HandleWrite(id);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    void HandleRead(TransferId id, int64_t size) {
+    bool HandleRead(TransferId id, int64_t size) {
         uint64_t read_idx = id.id % kUsbReadQueueDepth;
         IoBlock* block = &read_requests_[read_idx];
         block->pending = false;
@@ -526,7 +528,7 @@
         if (block->id().id != needed_read_id_) {
             LOG(VERBOSE) << "read " << block->id().id << " completed while waiting for "
                          << needed_read_id_;
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         for (uint64_t id = needed_read_id_;; ++id) {
@@ -535,15 +537,22 @@
             if (current_block->pending) {
                 break;
             }
-            ProcessRead(current_block);
+            if (!ProcessRead(current_block)) {
+                return false;
+            }
             ++needed_read_id_;
         }
+
+        return true;
     }
 
-    void ProcessRead(IoBlock* block) {
+    bool ProcessRead(IoBlock* block) {
         if (!block->payload->empty()) {
             if (!incoming_header_.has_value()) {
-                CHECK_EQ(sizeof(amessage), block->payload->size());
+                if (block->payload->size() != sizeof(amessage)) {
+                    HandleError("received packet of unexpected length while reading header");
+                    return false;
+                }
                 amessage msg;
                 memcpy(&msg, block->payload->data(), sizeof(amessage));
                 LOG(DEBUG) << "USB read:" << dump_header(&msg);
@@ -551,7 +560,10 @@
             } else {
                 size_t bytes_left = incoming_header_->data_length - incoming_payload_.size();
                 Block payload = std::move(*block->payload);
-                CHECK_LE(payload.size(), bytes_left);
+                if (block->payload->size() > bytes_left) {
+                    HandleError("received too many bytes while waiting for payload");
+                    return false;
+                }
                 incoming_payload_.append(std::make_unique<Block>(std::move(payload)));
             }
 
@@ -570,6 +582,7 @@
 
         PrepareReadBlock(block, block->id().id + kUsbReadQueueDepth);
         SubmitRead(block);
+        return true;
     }
 
     bool SubmitRead(IoBlock* block) {
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/expected.h b/base/include/android-base/expected.h
index 08c9fb5..957a8a0 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/expected.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/expected.h
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#pragma once
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <type_traits>
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index c7be00b..6936cc2 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@
     {"shutdown,userrequested,fastboot", 181},
     {"shutdown,userrequested,recovery", 182},
     {"reboot,unknown[0-9]*", 183},
+    {"reboot,longkey,.*", 184},
 };
 
 // Converts a string value representing the reason the system booted to an
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
index 64df53e..1f0e420 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
@@ -243,9 +243,10 @@
 
 void CrasherTest::AssertDeath(int signo) {
   int status;
-  pid_t pid = TIMEOUT(5, waitpid(crasher_pid, &status, 0));
+  pid_t pid = TIMEOUT(10, waitpid(crasher_pid, &status, 0));
   if (pid != crasher_pid) {
-    printf("failed to wait for crasher (pid %d)\n", crasher_pid);
+    printf("failed to wait for crasher (expected pid %d, return value %d): %s\n", crasher_pid, pid,
+           strerror(errno));
     sleep(100);
     FAIL() << "failed to wait for crasher: " << strerror(errno);
   }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index ffde114..3d3503c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     include_dirs: ["system/vold"],
     srcs: [
+        "file_wait.cpp",
         "fs_mgr.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_format.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_verity.cpp",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/file_wait.cpp b/fs_mgr/file_wait.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf6845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/file_wait.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#include <io.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+bool PollForFile(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (!access(path.c_str(), F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) return true;
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
+        if (time_elapsed > relative_timeout) return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool PollForFileDeleted(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (access(path.c_str(), F_OK) && errno == ENOENT) return true;
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
+        if (time_elapsed > relative_timeout) return false;
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+class OneShotInotify {
+  public:
+    OneShotInotify(const std::string& path, uint32_t mask,
+                   const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+
+    bool Wait();
+
+  private:
+    bool CheckCompleted();
+    int64_t RemainingMs() const;
+    bool ConsumeEvents();
+
+    enum class Result { Success, Timeout, Error };
+    Result WaitImpl();
+
+    unique_fd inotify_fd_;
+    std::string path_;
+    uint32_t mask_;
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> start_time_;
+    std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout_;
+    bool finished_;
+};
+
+OneShotInotify::OneShotInotify(const std::string& path, uint32_t mask,
+                               const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout)
+    : path_(path),
+      mask_(mask),
+      start_time_(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()),
+      relative_timeout_(relative_timeout),
+      finished_(false) {
+    // If the condition is already met, don't bother creating an inotify.
+    if (CheckCompleted()) return;
+
+    unique_fd inotify_fd(inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | IN_NONBLOCK));
+    if (inotify_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "inotify_init1 failed";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string watch_path;
+    if (mask == IN_CREATE) {
+        watch_path = android::base::Dirname(path);
+    } else {
+        watch_path = path;
+    }
+    if (inotify_add_watch(inotify_fd, watch_path.c_str(), mask) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "inotify_add_watch failed";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // It's possible the condition was met before the add_watch. Check for
+    // this and abort early if so.
+    if (CheckCompleted()) return;
+
+    inotify_fd_ = std::move(inotify_fd);
+}
+
+bool OneShotInotify::Wait() {
+    Result result = WaitImpl();
+    if (result == Result::Success) return true;
+    if (result == Result::Timeout) return false;
+
+    // Some kind of error with inotify occurred, so fallback to a poll.
+    std::chrono::milliseconds timeout(RemainingMs());
+    if (mask_ == IN_CREATE) {
+        return PollForFile(path_, timeout);
+    } else if (mask_ == IN_DELETE_SELF) {
+        return PollForFileDeleted(path_, timeout);
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown inotify mask: " << mask_;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+OneShotInotify::Result OneShotInotify::WaitImpl() {
+    // If the operation completed super early, we'll never have created an
+    // inotify instance.
+    if (finished_) return Result::Success;
+    if (inotify_fd_ < 0) return Result::Error;
+
+    while (true) {
+        auto remaining_ms = RemainingMs();
+        if (remaining_ms <= 0) return Result::Timeout;
+
+        struct pollfd event = {
+                .fd = inotify_fd_,
+                .events = POLLIN,
+                .revents = 0,
+        };
+        int rv = poll(&event, 1, static_cast<int>(remaining_ms));
+        if (rv <= 0) {
+            if (rv == 0 || errno == EINTR) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "poll for inotify failed";
+            return Result::Error;
+        }
+        if (event.revents & POLLERR) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "error reading inotify for " << path_;
+            return Result::Error;
+        }
+
+        // Note that we don't bother checking what kind of event it is, since
+        // it's cheap enough to just see if the initial condition is satisified.
+        // If it's not, we consume all the events available and continue.
+        if (CheckCompleted()) return Result::Success;
+        if (!ConsumeEvents()) return Result::Error;
+    }
+}
+
+bool OneShotInotify::CheckCompleted() {
+    if (mask_ == IN_CREATE) {
+        finished_ = !access(path_.c_str(), F_OK) || errno != ENOENT;
+    } else if (mask_ == IN_DELETE_SELF) {
+        finished_ = access(path_.c_str(), F_OK) && errno == ENOENT;
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected mask: " << mask_;
+    }
+    return finished_;
+}
+
+bool OneShotInotify::ConsumeEvents() {
+    // According to the manpage, this is enough to read at least one event.
+    static constexpr size_t kBufferSize = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1;
+    char buffer[kBufferSize];
+
+    do {
+        ssize_t rv = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(inotify_fd_, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+        if (rv <= 0) {
+            if (rv == 0 || errno == EAGAIN) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "read inotify failed";
+            return false;
+        }
+    } while (true);
+}
+
+int64_t OneShotInotify::RemainingMs() const {
+    auto remaining = (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time_);
+    auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(remaining);
+    return (relative_timeout_ - elapsed).count();
+}
+#endif
+
+bool WaitForFile(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    OneShotInotify inotify(path, IN_CREATE, relative_timeout);
+    return inotify.Wait();
+#else
+    return PollForFile(path, relative_timeout);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Wait at most |relative_timeout| milliseconds for |path| to stop existing.
+bool WaitForFileDeleted(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    OneShotInotify inotify(path, IN_DELETE_SELF, relative_timeout);
+    return inotify.Wait();
+#else
+    return PollForFileDeleted(path, relative_timeout);
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index 410209b..259f800 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
 #include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
 #include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
@@ -116,28 +117,6 @@
     FS_STAT_ENABLE_VERITY_FAILED = 0x80000,
 };
 
-// TODO: switch to inotify()
-bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
-                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout,
-                          FileWaitMode file_wait_mode) {
-    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-
-    while (true) {
-        int rv = access(filename.c_str(), F_OK);
-        if (file_wait_mode == FileWaitMode::Exists) {
-            if (!rv || errno != ENOENT) return true;
-        } else if (file_wait_mode == FileWaitMode::DoesNotExist) {
-            if (rv && errno == ENOENT) return true;
-        }
-
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
-
-        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-        auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
-        if (time_elapsed > relative_timeout) return false;
-    }
-}
-
 static void log_fs_stat(const std::string& blk_device, int fs_stat) {
     if ((fs_stat & FS_STAT_IS_EXT4) == 0) return; // only log ext4
     std::string msg =
@@ -929,7 +908,7 @@
   public:
     CheckpointManager(int needs_checkpoint = -1) : needs_checkpoint_(needs_checkpoint) {}
 
-    bool Update(FstabEntry* entry) {
+    bool Update(FstabEntry* entry, const std::string& block_device = std::string()) {
         if (!entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk && !entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_fs) {
             return true;
         }
@@ -948,7 +927,7 @@
             return true;
         }
 
-        if (!UpdateCheckpointPartition(entry)) {
+        if (!UpdateCheckpointPartition(entry, block_device)) {
             LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
             return false;
         }
@@ -978,7 +957,7 @@
     }
 
   private:
-    bool UpdateCheckpointPartition(FstabEntry* entry) {
+    bool UpdateCheckpointPartition(FstabEntry* entry, const std::string& block_device) {
         if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_fs) {
             if (is_f2fs(entry->fs_type)) {
                 entry->fs_options += ",checkpoint=disable";
@@ -986,39 +965,43 @@
                 LERROR << entry->fs_type << " does not implement checkpoints.";
             }
         } else if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk) {
-            unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(entry->blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
-            if (fd < 0) {
-                PERROR << "Cannot open device " << entry->blk_device;
-                return false;
-            }
+            auto actual_block_device = block_device.empty() ? entry->blk_device : block_device;
+            if (fs_mgr_find_bow_device(actual_block_device).empty()) {
+                unique_fd fd(
+                        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(entry->blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+                if (fd < 0) {
+                    PERROR << "Cannot open device " << entry->blk_device;
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-            uint64_t size = get_block_device_size(fd) / 512;
-            if (!size) {
-                PERROR << "Cannot get device size";
-                return false;
-            }
+                uint64_t size = get_block_device_size(fd) / 512;
+                if (!size) {
+                    PERROR << "Cannot get device size";
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-            android::dm::DmTable table;
-            if (!table.AddTarget(
-                        std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetBow>(0, size, entry->blk_device))) {
-                LERROR << "Failed to add bow target";
-                return false;
-            }
+                android::dm::DmTable table;
+                if (!table.AddTarget(std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetBow>(
+                            0, size, entry->blk_device))) {
+                    LERROR << "Failed to add bow target";
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-            DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
-            if (!dm.CreateDevice("bow", table)) {
-                PERROR << "Failed to create bow device";
-                return false;
-            }
+                DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+                if (!dm.CreateDevice("bow", table)) {
+                    PERROR << "Failed to create bow device";
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-            std::string name;
-            if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName("bow", &name)) {
-                PERROR << "Failed to get bow device name";
-                return false;
-            }
+                std::string name;
+                if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName("bow", &name)) {
+                    PERROR << "Failed to get bow device name";
+                    return false;
+                }
 
-            device_map_[name] = entry->blk_device;
-            entry->blk_device = name;
+                device_map_[name] = entry->blk_device;
+                entry->blk_device = name;
+            }
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -1028,6 +1011,50 @@
     std::map<std::string, std::string> device_map_;
 };
 
+std::string fs_mgr_find_bow_device(const std::string& block_device) {
+    if (block_device.substr(0, 5) != "/dev/") {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Expected block device, got " << block_device;
+        return std::string();
+    }
+
+    std::string sys_dir = std::string("/sys/") + block_device.substr(5);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        std::string name;
+        if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(sys_dir + "/dm/name", &name)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << block_device << " is not dm device";
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        if (name == "bow\n") return sys_dir;
+
+        std::string slaves = sys_dir + "/slaves";
+        std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> directory(opendir(slaves.c_str()), closedir);
+        if (!directory) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Can't open slave directory " << slaves;
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        int count = 0;
+        for (dirent* entry = readdir(directory.get()); entry; entry = readdir(directory.get())) {
+            if (entry->d_type != DT_LNK) continue;
+
+            if (count == 1) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Too many slaves in " << slaves;
+                return std::string();
+            }
+
+            ++count;
+            sys_dir = std::string("/sys/block/") + entry->d_name;
+        }
+
+        if (count != 1) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "No slave in " << slaves;
+            return std::string();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static bool IsMountPointMounted(const std::string& mount_point) {
     // Check if this is already mounted.
     Fstab fstab;
@@ -1103,8 +1130,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait &&
-            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(current_entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !WaitForFile(current_entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping '" << current_entry.blk_device << "' during mount_all";
             continue;
         }
@@ -1166,7 +1192,8 @@
                 }
                 encryptable = status;
                 if (status == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_METADATA_ENCRYPTION) {
-                    if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "encryptFstab", attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
+                    if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "encryptFstab", attempted_entry.blk_device,
+                                   attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
                         LERROR << "Encryption failed";
                         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
                     }
@@ -1237,7 +1264,8 @@
             encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_MIGHT_BE_ENCRYPTED;
         } else if (mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
                    should_use_metadata_encryption(attempted_entry)) {
-            if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "mountFstab", attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
+            if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "mountFstab", attempted_entry.blk_device,
+                           attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
                 ++error_count;
             }
             encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_IS_METADATA_ENCRYPTED;
@@ -1367,13 +1395,13 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (!checkpoint_manager.Update(&fstab_entry)) {
+        if (!checkpoint_manager.Update(&fstab_entry, n_blk_device)) {
             LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
             continue;
         }
 
         // First check the filesystem if requested.
-        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !WaitForFile(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping mounting '" << n_blk_device << "'";
             continue;
         }
@@ -1576,7 +1604,7 @@
             fprintf(zram_fp.get(), "%" PRId64 "\n", entry.zram_size);
         }
 
-        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !WaitForFile(entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping mkswap for '" << entry.blk_device << "'";
             ret = false;
             continue;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
index ee6ffdb..1f21a71 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
 #include <liblp/reader.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (timeout_ms > std::chrono::milliseconds::zero()) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_wait_for_file(*path, timeout_ms, FileWaitMode::Exists)) {
+        if (!WaitForFile(*path, timeout_ms)) {
             DestroyLogicalPartition(name, {});
             LERROR << "Timed out waiting for device path: " << *path;
             return false;
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@
     if (!dm.DeleteDevice(name)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!path.empty() && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(path, timeout_ms, FileWaitMode::DoesNotExist)) {
+    if (!path.empty() && !WaitForFileDeleted(path, timeout_ms)) {
         LERROR << "Timed out waiting for device path to unlink: " << path;
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
index ed8cce6..05ca5fc 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
 #include <fstab/fstab.h>
@@ -867,7 +868,7 @@
             scratch_can_be_mounted = false;
             auto scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
             if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_can_be_mounted(scratch_device) &&
-                fs_mgr_wait_for_file(scratch_device, 10s)) {
+                WaitForFile(scratch_device, 10s)) {
                 const auto mount_type = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type();
                 if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, mount_type,
                                                    true /* readonly */)) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index c36fd3d..3a33cf3 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -88,12 +88,6 @@
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-enum class FileWaitMode { Exists, DoesNotExist };
-
-bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
-                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout,
-                          FileWaitMode wait_mode = FileWaitMode::Exists);
-
 bool fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const std::string& blockdev, bool readonly = true);
 bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(android::fs_mgr::Fstab* fstab);
 bool fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
index 1deb1ac..be8077b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <crypto_utils/android_pubkey.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <openssl/obj_mac.h>
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@
     }
 
     // make sure we've set everything up properly
-    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(entry->blk_device, 1s)) {
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !WaitForFile(entry->blk_device, 1s)) {
         goto out;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
index 88b2f8f..bdec7be 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
@@ -104,3 +104,7 @@
 // fs_mgr_umount_all() is the reverse of fs_mgr_mount_all. In particular,
 // it destroys verity devices from device mapper after the device is unmounted.
 int fs_mgr_umount_all(android::fs_mgr::Fstab* fstab);
+
+// Finds the dm_bow device on which this block device is stacked, or returns
+// empty string
+std::string fs_mgr_find_bow_device(const std::string& block_device);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/file_wait.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/file_wait.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74d160e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/file_wait.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+// Wait at most |relative_timeout| milliseconds for |path| to exist. dirname(path)
+// must already exist. For example, to wait on /dev/block/dm-6, /dev/block must
+// be a valid directory.
+bool WaitForFile(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+
+// Wait at most |relative_timeout| milliseconds for |path| to stop existing.
+// Note that this only returns true if the inode itself no longer exists, i.e.,
+// all outstanding file descriptors have been closed.
+bool WaitForFileDeleted(const std::string& path, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
index c8c2d83..21255df 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libdm",
         "libbase",
+        "libfs_mgr",
         "liblog",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
index c2917a4..d54b6ef 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
@@ -302,6 +302,26 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool DeviceMapper::GetDeviceNumber(const std::string& name, dev_t* dev) {
+    struct dm_ioctl io;
+    InitIo(&io, name);
+    if (ioctl(fd_, DM_DEV_STATUS, &io) < 0) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "DM_DEV_STATUS failed for " << name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    *dev = io.dev;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DeviceMapper::GetDeviceString(const std::string& name, std::string* dev) {
+    dev_t num;
+    if (!GetDeviceNumber(name, &num)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *dev = std::to_string(major(num)) + ":" + std::to_string(minor(num));
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool DeviceMapper::GetTableStatus(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table) {
     return GetTable(name, 0, table);
 }
@@ -368,5 +388,13 @@
     }
 }
 
+std::string DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(const struct dm_target_spec& spec) {
+    if (const void* p = memchr(spec.target_type, '\0', sizeof(spec.target_type))) {
+        ptrdiff_t length = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p) - spec.target_type;
+        return std::string{spec.target_type, static_cast<size_t>(length)};
+    }
+    return std::string{spec.target_type, sizeof(spec.target_type)};
+}
+
 }  // namespace dm
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
index dc47c33..c5881dd 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@
     // Define a 2-sector device, with each sector mapping to the first sector
     // of one of our loop devices.
     DmTable table;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddTarget(make_unique<DmTargetLinear>(0, 1, loop_a.device(), 0)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(table.AddTarget(make_unique<DmTargetLinear>(1, 1, loop_b.device(), 0)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table.Emplace<DmTargetLinear>(0, 1, loop_a.device(), 0));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table.Emplace<DmTargetLinear>(1, 1, loop_b.device(), 0));
     ASSERT_TRUE(table.valid());
 
     TempDevice dev("libdm-test-dm-linear", table);
@@ -141,6 +141,16 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(dev.path().empty());
     ASSERT_TRUE(dev.WaitForUdev());
 
+    auto& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+
+    dev_t dev_number;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetDeviceNumber(dev.name(), &dev_number));
+    ASSERT_NE(dev_number, 0);
+
+    std::string dev_string;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetDeviceString(dev.name(), &dev_string));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(dev_string.empty());
+
     // Note: a scope is needed to ensure that there are no open descriptors
     // when we go to close the device.
     {
@@ -157,7 +167,6 @@
     }
 
     // Test GetTableStatus.
-    DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
     vector<DeviceMapper::TargetInfo> targets;
     ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetTableStatus(dev.name(), &targets));
     ASSERT_EQ(targets.size(), 2);
@@ -170,6 +179,10 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(targets[1].spec.sector_start, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(targets[1].spec.length, 1);
 
+    // Test GetTargetType().
+    EXPECT_EQ(DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(targets[0].spec), std::string{"linear"});
+    EXPECT_EQ(DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(targets[1].spec), std::string{"linear"});
+
     // Normally the TestDevice destructor would delete this, but at least one
     // test should ensure that device deletion works.
     ASSERT_TRUE(dev.Destroy());
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
index d7e8aa9..afcb090 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/dm-ioctl.h>
 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -111,6 +112,13 @@
     // parameter is not set.
     bool GetDmDevicePathByName(const std::string& name, std::string* path);
 
+    // Returns the dev_t for the named device-mapper node.
+    bool GetDeviceNumber(const std::string& name, dev_t* dev);
+
+    // Returns a major:minor string for the named device-mapper node, that can
+    // be used as inputs to DmTargets that take a block device.
+    bool GetDeviceString(const std::string& name, std::string* dev);
+
     // The only way to create a DeviceMapper object.
     static DeviceMapper& Instance();
 
@@ -136,6 +144,8 @@
     // mapper device from the kernel.
     bool GetTableInfo(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table);
 
+    static std::string GetTargetType(const struct dm_target_spec& spec);
+
   private:
     // Maximum possible device mapper targets registered in the kernel.
     // This is only used to read the list of targets from kernel so we allocate
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/loop_control.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/loop_control.h
index e6e83f4..6b4c2d8 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/loop_control.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/loop_control.h
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
     // Detach the loop device given by 'loopdev' from the attached backing file.
     bool Detach(const std::string& loopdev) const;
 
+    // Enable Direct I/O on a loop device. This requires kernel 4.9+.
+    static bool EnableDirectIo(int fd);
+
     LoopControl(const LoopControl&) = delete;
     LoopControl& operator=(const LoopControl&) = delete;
     LoopControl& operator=(LoopControl&&) = default;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/loop_control.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/loop_control.cpp
index 0beb1a6..16bf4b0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/loop_control.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/loop_control.cpp
@@ -91,6 +91,27 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool LoopControl::EnableDirectIo(int fd) {
+#if !defined(LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE)
+    static constexpr int LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE = 0x4C09;
+#endif
+#if !defined(LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO)
+    static constexpr int LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO = 0x4C08;
+#endif
+
+    // Note: the block size has to be >= the logical block size of the underlying
+    // block device, *not* the filesystem block size.
+    if (ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE, 4096)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not set loop device block size";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (ioctl(fd, LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO, 1)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not set loop direct IO";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 LoopDevice::LoopDevice(int fd, bool auto_close) : fd_(fd), owns_fd_(auto_close) {
     Init();
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp
index f064436..0a3ba6c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp
@@ -89,6 +89,31 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool ValidateDmTarget(const DeviceMapper::TargetInfo& target) {
+    const auto& entry = target.spec;
+    if (entry.sector_start != 0) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at target with non-zero starting sector";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto target_type = DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(entry);
+    if (target_type == "bow" || target_type == "default-key" || target_type == "crypt") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (target_type == "linear") {
+        auto pieces = android::base::Split(target.data, " ");
+        if (pieces[1] != "0") {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at complex linear target with non-zero starting sector: "
+                      << pieces[1];
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at complex target type " << target_type;
+    return false;
+}
+
 static bool DeviceMapperStackPop(const std::string& bdev, std::string* bdev_raw) {
     *bdev_raw = bdev;
 
@@ -128,15 +153,7 @@
         LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at complex table for " << dm_name << " at " << bdev;
         return true;
     }
-    const auto& entry = table[0].spec;
-    std::string target_type(std::string(entry.target_type, sizeof(entry.target_type)).c_str());
-    if (target_type != "bow" && target_type != "default-key" && target_type != "crypt") {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at complex target-type " << target_type << " for " << dm_name
-                  << " at " << bdev;
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (entry.sector_start != 0) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Stopping at target-type with non-zero starting sector";
+    if (!ValidateDmTarget(table[0])) {
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
index 3b12213..cc4a882 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@
         PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKALIGNOFF failed on " << block_device;
         return false;
     }
+    // The kernel can return -1 here when misaligned devices are stacked (i.e.
+    // device-mapper).
+    if (alignment_offset == -1) {
+        alignment_offset = 0;
+    }
+
     int logical_block_size;
     if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &logical_block_size) < 0) {
         PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKSSZGET failed on " << block_device;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
index eb9f525..83668e9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "libfstab",
     ],
     srcs: [
+        "file_wait_test.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_test.cpp",
     ],
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/file_wait_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/tests/file_wait_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc8b143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/file_wait_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+using android::fs_mgr::WaitForFile;
+using android::fs_mgr::WaitForFileDeleted;
+
+class FileWaitTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* tinfo = ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        test_file_ = temp_dir_.path + "/"s + tinfo->name();
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { unlink(test_file_.c_str()); }
+
+    TemporaryDir temp_dir_;
+    std::string test_file_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, FileExists) {
+    unique_fd fd(open(test_file_.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0700));
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WaitForFile(test_file_, 500ms));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(WaitForFileDeleted(test_file_, 500ms));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, FileDoesNotExist) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(WaitForFile(test_file_, 500ms));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WaitForFileDeleted(test_file_, 500ms));
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, CreateAsync) {
+    std::thread thread([this] {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+        unique_fd fd(open(test_file_.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0700));
+    });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WaitForFile(test_file_, 3s));
+    thread.join();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, CreateOtherAsync) {
+    std::thread thread([this] {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+        unique_fd fd(open(test_file_.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0700));
+    });
+    EXPECT_FALSE(WaitForFile(test_file_ + ".wontexist", 2s));
+    thread.join();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, DeleteAsync) {
+    // Note: need to close the file, otherwise inotify considers it not deleted.
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(open(test_file_.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0700));
+        ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+    }
+
+    std::thread thread([this] {
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+        unlink(test_file_.c_str());
+    });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WaitForFileDeleted(test_file_, 3s));
+    thread.join();
+}
+
+TEST_F(FileWaitTest, BadPath) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(WaitForFile("/this/path/does/not/exist", 5ms));
+    EXPECT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
index 2b7db79..778e08c 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
         "-Wunused",
     ],
     srcs: [
-        "SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp",
-        "IGateKeeperService.cpp",
         "gatekeeperd.cpp",
     ],
 
@@ -43,9 +41,44 @@
         "libhidltransport",
         "libhwbinder",
         "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0",
+        "libgatekeeper_aidl",
     ],
 
     static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
     include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
     init_rc: ["gatekeeperd.rc"],
 }
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "gatekeeper_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        "binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "binder",
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libgatekeeper_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        ":gatekeeper_aidl",
+        "GateKeeperResponse.cpp",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
+        include_dirs: [
+            "system/core/gatekeeperd/binder",
+            "frameworks/base/core/java/",
+        ],
+    },
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libbinder",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp b/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca0c98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2019, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#define LOG_TAG "gatekeeperd"
+
+#include <gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h>
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace service {
+namespace gatekeeper {
+
+status_t GateKeeperResponse::readFromParcel(const Parcel* in) {
+    if (in == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "readFromParcel got null in parameter";
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    timeout_ = 0;
+    should_reenroll_ = false;
+    payload_ = {};
+    response_code_ = ResponseCode(in->readInt32());
+    if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::OK) {
+        should_reenroll_ = in->readInt32();
+        ssize_t length = in->readInt32();
+        if (length > 0) {
+            length = in->readInt32();
+            const uint8_t* buf = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(in->readInplace(length));
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "readInplace returned null buffer for length " << length;
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            payload_.resize(length);
+            std::copy(buf, buf + length, payload_.data());
+        }
+    } else if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::RETRY) {
+        timeout_ = in->readInt32();
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+status_t GateKeeperResponse::writeToParcel(Parcel* out) const {
+    if (out == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "writeToParcel got null out parameter";
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    out->writeInt32(int32_t(response_code_));
+    if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::OK) {
+        out->writeInt32(should_reenroll_);
+        out->writeInt32(payload_.size());
+        if (payload_.size() != 0) {
+            out->writeInt32(payload_.size());
+            uint8_t* buf = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->writeInplace(payload_.size()));
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "writeInplace returned null buffer for length " << payload_.size();
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            std::copy(payload_.begin(), payload_.end(), buf);
+        }
+    } else if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::RETRY) {
+        out->writeInt32(timeout_);
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+}  // namespace gatekeeper
+}  // namespace service
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 43d5708..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#define LOG_TAG "GateKeeperService"
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include "IGateKeeperService.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-const android::String16 IGateKeeperService::descriptor("android.service.gatekeeper.IGateKeeperService");
-const android::String16& IGateKeeperService::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {
-    return IGateKeeperService::descriptor;
-}
-
-status_t BnGateKeeperService::onTransact(
-    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
-    switch(code) {
-        case ENROLL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t desiredPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *desiredPassword =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(desiredPasswordSize));
-            if (!desiredPassword) desiredPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            uint8_t *out = NULL;
-            uint32_t outSize = 0;
-            int ret = enroll(uid, currentPasswordHandle, currentPasswordHandleSize,
-                    currentPassword, currentPasswordSize, desiredPassword,
-                    desiredPasswordSize, &out, &outSize);
-
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0 && outSize > 0 && out != NULL) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(0);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                void *buf = reply->writeInplace(outSize);
-                memcpy(buf, out, outSize);
-                delete[] out;
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case VERIFY: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            bool request_reenroll = false;
-            int ret = verify(uid, (uint8_t *) currentPasswordHandle,
-                    currentPasswordHandleSize, (uint8_t *) currentPassword, currentPasswordSize,
-                    &request_reenroll);
-
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(request_reenroll ? 1 : 0);
-                reply->writeInt32(0); // no payload returned from this call
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case VERIFY_CHALLENGE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            uint64_t challenge = data.readInt64();
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-
-            uint8_t *out = NULL;
-            uint32_t outSize = 0;
-            bool request_reenroll = false;
-            int ret = verifyChallenge(uid, challenge, (uint8_t *) currentPasswordHandle,
-                    currentPasswordHandleSize, (uint8_t *) currentPassword, currentPasswordSize,
-                    &out, &outSize, &request_reenroll);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0 && outSize > 0 && out != NULL) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(request_reenroll ? 1 : 0);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                void *buf = reply->writeInplace(outSize);
-                memcpy(buf, out, outSize);
-                delete[] out;
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case GET_SECURE_USER_ID: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            uint64_t sid = getSecureUserId(uid);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt64(sid);
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case CLEAR_SECURE_USER_ID: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            clearSecureUserId(uid);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case REPORT_DEVICE_SETUP_COMPLETE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            reportDeviceSetupComplete();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return OK;
-        }
-        default:
-            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-};
-
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2816efc..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef IGATEKEEPER_SERVICE_H_
-#define IGATEKEEPER_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-/*
- * This must be kept manually in sync with frameworks/base's IGateKeeperService.aidl
- */
-class IGateKeeperService : public IInterface {
-public:
-    enum {
-        ENROLL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0,
-        VERIFY = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1,
-        VERIFY_CHALLENGE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2,
-        GET_SECURE_USER_ID = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3,
-        CLEAR_SECURE_USER_ID = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4,
-        REPORT_DEVICE_SETUP_COMPLETE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5,
-    };
-
-    enum {
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK = 0,
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY = 1,
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR = -1,
-    };
-
-    // DECLARE_META_INTERFACE - C++ client interface not needed
-    static const android::String16 descriptor;
-    virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
-    IGateKeeperService() {}
-    virtual ~IGateKeeperService() {}
-
-    /**
-     * Enrolls a password with the GateKeeper. Returns 0 on success, negative on failure.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies a password previously enrolled with the GateKeeper.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int verify(uint32_t uid, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-            uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            bool *request_reenroll) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies a password previously enrolled with the GateKeeper.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int verifyChallenge(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll) = 0;
-    /**
-     * Returns the secure user ID for the provided android user
-     */
-    virtual uint64_t getSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Clears the secure user ID associated with the user.
-     */
-    virtual void clearSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Notifies gatekeeper that device setup has been completed and any potentially still existing
-     * state from before a factory reset can be cleaned up (if it has not been already).
-     */
-    virtual void reportDeviceSetupComplete() = 0;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class BnGateKeeperService: public BnInterface<IGateKeeperService> {
-public:
-    virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-            uint32_t flags = 0);
-};
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f4f4d7..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- */
-
-#ifndef SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
-#define SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
-
-extern "C" {
-#include <openssl/rand.h>
-#include <openssl/sha.h>
-
-#include <crypto_scrypt.h>
-}
-
-#include <android-base/memory.h>
-#include <gatekeeper/gatekeeper.h>
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace gatekeeper {
-
-struct fast_hash_t {
-    uint64_t salt;
-    uint8_t digest[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-};
-
-class SoftGateKeeper : public GateKeeper {
-public:
-    static const uint32_t SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES = 32;
-
-    // scrypt params
-    static const uint64_t N = 16384;
-    static const uint32_t r = 8;
-    static const uint32_t p = 1;
-
-    static const int MAX_UINT_32_CHARS = 11;
-
-    SoftGateKeeper() {
-        key_.reset(new uint8_t[SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES]);
-        memset(key_.get(), 0, SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES);
-    }
-
-    virtual ~SoftGateKeeper() {
-    }
-
-    virtual bool GetAuthTokenKey(const uint8_t **auth_token_key,
-            uint32_t *length) const {
-        if (auth_token_key == NULL || length == NULL) return false;
-        uint8_t *auth_token_key_copy = new uint8_t[SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES];
-        memcpy(auth_token_key_copy, key_.get(), SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES);
-
-        *auth_token_key = auth_token_key_copy;
-        *length = SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual void GetPasswordKey(const uint8_t **password_key, uint32_t *length) {
-        if (password_key == NULL || length == NULL) return;
-        uint8_t *password_key_copy = new uint8_t[SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES];
-        memcpy(password_key_copy, key_.get(), SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES);
-
-        *password_key = password_key_copy;
-        *length = SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES;
-    }
-
-    virtual void ComputePasswordSignature(uint8_t *signature, uint32_t signature_length,
-            const uint8_t *, uint32_t, const uint8_t *password,
-            uint32_t password_length, salt_t salt) const {
-        if (signature == NULL) return;
-        crypto_scrypt(password, password_length, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&salt),
-                sizeof(salt), N, r, p, signature, signature_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual void GetRandom(void *random, uint32_t requested_length) const {
-        if (random == NULL) return;
-        RAND_pseudo_bytes((uint8_t *) random, requested_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual void ComputeSignature(uint8_t *signature, uint32_t signature_length,
-            const uint8_t *, uint32_t, const uint8_t *, const uint32_t) const {
-        if (signature == NULL) return;
-        memset(signature, 0, signature_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual uint64_t GetMillisecondsSinceBoot() const {
-        struct timespec time;
-        int res = clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &time);
-        if (res < 0) return 0;
-        return (time.tv_sec * 1000) + (time.tv_nsec / 1000 / 1000);
-    }
-
-    virtual bool IsHardwareBacked() const {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool GetFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, secure_id_t user_id, failure_record_t *record,
-            bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_record_t *stored = &failure_map_[uid];
-        if (user_id != stored->secure_user_id) {
-            stored->secure_user_id = user_id;
-            stored->last_checked_timestamp = 0;
-            stored->failure_counter = 0;
-        }
-        memcpy(record, stored, sizeof(*record));
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool ClearFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, secure_id_t user_id, bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_record_t *stored = &failure_map_[uid];
-        stored->secure_user_id = user_id;
-        stored->last_checked_timestamp = 0;
-        stored->failure_counter = 0;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool WriteFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, failure_record_t *record, bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_map_[uid] = *record;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    fast_hash_t ComputeFastHash(const SizedBuffer &password, uint64_t salt) {
-        fast_hash_t fast_hash;
-        size_t digest_size = password.length + sizeof(salt);
-        std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> digest(new uint8_t[digest_size]);
-        memcpy(digest.get(), &salt, sizeof(salt));
-        memcpy(digest.get() + sizeof(salt), password.buffer.get(), password.length);
-
-        SHA256(digest.get(), digest_size, (uint8_t *) &fast_hash.digest);
-
-        fast_hash.salt = salt;
-        return fast_hash;
-    }
-
-    bool VerifyFast(const fast_hash_t &fast_hash, const SizedBuffer &password) {
-        fast_hash_t computed = ComputeFastHash(password, fast_hash.salt);
-        return memcmp(computed.digest, fast_hash.digest, SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH) == 0;
-    }
-
-    bool DoVerify(const password_handle_t *expected_handle, const SizedBuffer &password) {
-        uint64_t user_id = android::base::get_unaligned<secure_id_t>(&expected_handle->user_id);
-        FastHashMap::const_iterator it = fast_hash_map_.find(user_id);
-        if (it != fast_hash_map_.end() && VerifyFast(it->second, password)) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (GateKeeper::DoVerify(expected_handle, password)) {
-                uint64_t salt;
-                GetRandom(&salt, sizeof(salt));
-                fast_hash_map_[user_id] = ComputeFastHash(password, salt);
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-private:
-
-    typedef std::unordered_map<uint32_t, failure_record_t> FailureRecordMap;
-    typedef std::unordered_map<uint64_t, fast_hash_t> FastHashMap;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> key_;
-    FailureRecordMap failure_map_;
-    FastHashMap fast_hash_map_;
-};
-}
-
-#endif // SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f5e2ce6..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include "SoftGateKeeper.h"
-#include "SoftGateKeeperDevice.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-int SoftGateKeeperDevice::enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
-
-    if (enrolled_password_handle == NULL || enrolled_password_handle_length == NULL ||
-            desired_password == NULL || desired_password_length == 0)
-        return -EINVAL;
-
-    // Current password and current password handle go together
-    if (current_password_handle == NULL || current_password_handle_length == 0 ||
-            current_password == NULL || current_password_length == 0) {
-        current_password_handle = NULL;
-        current_password_handle_length = 0;
-        current_password = NULL;
-        current_password_length = 0;
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer desired_password_buffer(desired_password_length);
-    memcpy(desired_password_buffer.buffer.get(), desired_password, desired_password_length);
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_handle_buffer(current_password_handle_length);
-    if (current_password_handle) {
-        memcpy(current_password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password_handle,
-                current_password_handle_length);
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_buffer(current_password_length);
-    if (current_password) {
-        memcpy(current_password_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password, current_password_length);
-    }
-
-    EnrollRequest request(uid, &current_password_handle_buffer, &desired_password_buffer,
-            &current_password_buffer);
-    EnrollResponse response;
-
-    impl_->Enroll(request, &response);
-
-    if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    *enrolled_password_handle = response.enrolled_password_handle.buffer.release();
-    *enrolled_password_handle_length = response.enrolled_password_handle.length;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int SoftGateKeeperDevice::verify(uint32_t uid,
-        uint64_t challenge, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-        uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *provided_password,
-        uint32_t provided_password_length, uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length,
-        bool *request_reenroll) {
-
-    if (enrolled_password_handle == NULL ||
-            provided_password == NULL) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer password_handle_buffer(enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    memcpy(password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), enrolled_password_handle,
-            enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    SizedBuffer provided_password_buffer(provided_password_length);
-    memcpy(provided_password_buffer.buffer.get(), provided_password, provided_password_length);
-
-    VerifyRequest request(uid, challenge, &password_handle_buffer, &provided_password_buffer);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    impl_->Verify(request, &response);
-
-    if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (auth_token != NULL && auth_token_length != NULL) {
-       *auth_token = response.auth_token.buffer.release();
-       *auth_token_length = response.auth_token.length;
-    }
-
-    if (request_reenroll != NULL) {
-        *request_reenroll = response.request_reenroll;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e3dc068..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
-#define SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
-
-#include "SoftGateKeeper.h"
-
-#include <memory>
-
-using namespace gatekeeper;
-
-namespace android {
-
-/**
- * Software based GateKeeper implementation
- */
-class SoftGateKeeperDevice {
-public:
-    SoftGateKeeperDevice() {
-        impl_.reset(new SoftGateKeeper());
-    }
-
-   // Wrappers to translate the gatekeeper HAL API to the Kegyuard Messages API.
-
-    /**
-     * Enrolls password_payload, which should be derived from a user selected pin or password,
-     * with the authentication factor private key used only for enrolling authentication
-     * factor data.
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error.
-     * On error, enrolled_password_handle will not be allocated.
-     */
-    int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length);
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies provided_password matches enrolled_password_handle.
-     *
-     * Implementations of this module may retain the result of this call
-     * to attest to the recency of authentication.
-     *
-     * On success, writes the address of a verification token to auth_token,
-     * usable to attest password verification to other trusted services. Clients
-     * may pass NULL for this value.
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error
-     * On error, verification token will not be allocated
-     */
-    int verify(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll);
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeper> impl_;
-};
-
-} // namespace gatekeeper
-
-#endif //SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097bb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.service.gatekeeper;
+
+/**
+ * Response object for a GateKeeper verification request.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable GateKeeperResponse cpp_header "gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h";
+
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57adaba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.service.gatekeeper;
+
+import android.service.gatekeeper.GateKeeperResponse;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for communication with GateKeeper, the
+ * secure password storage daemon.
+ *
+ * This must be kept manually in sync with system/core/gatekeeperd
+ * until AIDL can generate both C++ and Java bindings.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface IGateKeeperService {
+    /**
+     * Enrolls a password, returning the handle to the enrollment to be stored locally.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param currentPasswordHandle The previously enrolled handle, or null if none
+     * @param currentPassword The previously enrolled plaintext password, or null if none.
+     *                        If provided, must verify against the currentPasswordHandle.
+     * @param desiredPassword The new desired password, for which a handle will be returned
+     *                        upon success.
+     * @return an EnrollResponse or null on failure
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse enroll(int uid, in @nullable byte[] currentPasswordHandle,
+            in @nullable byte[] currentPassword, in byte[] desiredPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies an enrolled handle against a provided, plaintext blob.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param enrolledPasswordHandle The handle against which the provided password will be
+     *                               verified.
+     * @param The plaintext blob to verify against enrolledPassword.
+     * @return a VerifyResponse, or null on failure.
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse verify(int uid, in byte[] enrolledPasswordHandle, in byte[] providedPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies an enrolled handle against a provided, plaintext blob.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param challenge a challenge to authenticate agaisnt the device credential. If successful
+     *                  authentication occurs, this value will be written to the returned
+     *                  authentication attestation.
+     * @param enrolledPasswordHandle The handle against which the provided password will be
+     *                               verified.
+     * @param The plaintext blob to verify against enrolledPassword.
+     * @return a VerifyResponse with an attestation, or null on failure.
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse verifyChallenge(int uid, long challenge, in byte[] enrolledPasswordHandle,
+            in byte[] providedPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the secure identifier for the user with the provided Android ID,
+     * or 0 if none is found.
+     * @param uid the Android user id
+     */
+    long getSecureUserId(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears secure user id associated with the provided Android ID.
+     * Must be called when password is set to NONE.
+     * @param uid the Android user id.
+     */
+    void clearSecureUserId(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies gatekeeper that device setup has been completed and any potentially still existing
+     * state from before a factory reset can be cleaned up (if it has not been already).
+     */
+    void reportDeviceSetupComplete();
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index 8700c34..1d65b1c 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "gatekeeperd"
 
-#include "IGateKeeperService.h"
+#include <android/service/gatekeeper/BnGateKeeperService.h>
+#include <gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -41,8 +42,6 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 
-#include "SoftGateKeeperDevice.h"
-
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
 #include <android/hardware/gatekeeper/1.0/IGatekeeper.h>
 
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@
 using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::GatekeeperResponse;
 using android::hardware::Return;
 
+using ::android::binder::Status;
+using ::android::service::gatekeeper::BnGateKeeperService;
+using GKResponse = ::android::service::gatekeeper::GateKeeperResponse;
+using GKResponseCode = ::android::service::gatekeeper::ResponseCode;
+
 namespace android {
 
 static const String16 KEYGUARD_PERMISSION("android.permission.ACCESS_KEYGUARD_SECURE_STORAGE");
@@ -64,9 +68,8 @@
         hw_device = IGatekeeper::getService();
         is_running_gsi = android::base::GetBoolProperty(android::gsi::kGsiBootedProp, false);
 
-        if (hw_device == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("falling back to software GateKeeper");
-            soft_device.reset(new SoftGateKeeperDevice());
+        if (!hw_device) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not find Gatekeeper device, which makes me very sad.";
         }
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@
 
         if (mark_cold_boot() && !is_running_gsi) {
             ALOGI("cold boot: clearing state");
-            if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+            if (hw_device) {
                 hw_device->deleteAllUsers([](const GatekeeperResponse &){});
             }
         }
@@ -154,16 +157,16 @@
         return uid;
     }
 
-    virtual int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
+#define GK_ERROR *gkResponse = GKResponse::error(), Status::ok()
+
+    Status enroll(int32_t uid, const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& currentPasswordHandle,
+                  const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& currentPassword,
+                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& desiredPassword, GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            return GK_ERROR;
         }
 
         // Make sure to clear any state from before factory reset as soon as a credential is
@@ -171,225 +174,189 @@
         clear_state_if_needed();
 
         // need a desired password to enroll
-        if (desired_password_length == 0) return -EINVAL;
+        if (desiredPassword.size() == 0) return GK_ERROR;
 
-        int ret;
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
-            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(current_password_handle);
+        if (!hw_device) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "has no HAL to talk to";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
 
-            if (handle != NULL && handle->version != 0 && !handle->hardware_backed) {
-                // handle is being re-enrolled from a software version. HAL probably won't accept
-                // the handle as valid, so we nullify it and enroll from scratch
-                current_password_handle = NULL;
-                current_password_handle_length = 0;
-                current_password = NULL;
-                current_password_length = 0;
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwd;
+
+        if (currentPasswordHandle && currentPassword) {
+            if (currentPasswordHandle->size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Password handle has wrong length";
+                return GK_ERROR;
             }
+            curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(currentPasswordHandle->data()),
+                                       currentPasswordHandle->size());
+            curPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(currentPassword->data()),
+                                 currentPassword->size());
+        }
 
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
-            curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password_handle),
-                                       current_password_handle_length);
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwd;
-            curPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password),
-                                 current_password_length);
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> newPwd;
-            newPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(desired_password),
-                                 desired_password_length);
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> newPwd;
+        newPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(desiredPassword.data()), desiredPassword.size());
 
-            uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
-            Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->enroll(hw_uid, curPwdHandle, curPwd, newPwd,
-                              [&ret, enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length]
-                                   (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
-                ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
-                if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
-                    if (enrolled_password_handle != nullptr &&
-                        enrolled_password_handle_length != nullptr) {
-                        *enrolled_password_handle = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
-                        *enrolled_password_handle_length = rsp.data.size();
-                        memcpy(*enrolled_password_handle, rsp.data.data(),
-                               *enrolled_password_handle_length);
+        uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
+        Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->enroll(
+                hw_uid, curPwdHandle, curPwd, newPwd, [&gkResponse](const GatekeeperResponse& rsp) {
+                    if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::ok({rsp.data.begin(), rsp.data.end()});
+                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT &&
+                               rsp.timeout > 0) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::retry(rsp.timeout);
+                    } else {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::error();
                     }
-                    ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
-                } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT && rsp.timeout > 0) {
-                    ret = rsp.timeout;
-                }
-            });
-            if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
-                ALOGE("enroll transaction failed\n");
-                ret = -1;
+                });
+        if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "enroll transaction failed";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (gkResponse->response_code() == GKResponseCode::OK && !gkResponse->should_reenroll()) {
+            if (gkResponse->payload().size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "HAL returned password handle of invalid length "
+                           << gkResponse->payload().size();
+                return GK_ERROR;
             }
-        } else {
-            ret = soft_device->enroll(uid,
-                    current_password_handle, current_password_handle_length,
-                    current_password, current_password_length,
-                    desired_password, desired_password_length,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length);
-        }
 
-        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK && (*enrolled_password_handle == nullptr ||
-            *enrolled_password_handle_length != sizeof(password_handle_t))) {
-            ret = GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR;
-            ALOGE("HAL: password_handle=%p size_of_handle=%" PRIu32 "\n",
-                  *enrolled_password_handle, *enrolled_password_handle_length);
-        }
-
-        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK) {
-            gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(*enrolled_password_handle);
+            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t* handle =
+                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t*>(
+                            gkResponse->payload().data());
             store_sid(uid, handle->user_id);
-            bool rr;
 
+            GKResponse verifyResponse;
             // immediately verify this password so we don't ask the user to enter it again
             // if they just created it.
-            verify(uid, *enrolled_password_handle, sizeof(password_handle_t), desired_password,
-                    desired_password_length, &rr);
+            auto status = verify(uid, gkResponse->payload(), desiredPassword, &verifyResponse);
+            if (!status.isOk() || verifyResponse.response_code() != GKResponseCode::OK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to verify password after enrolling";
+            }
         }
 
-        return ret;
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual int verify(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length, bool *request_reenroll) {
-        uint8_t *auth_token = nullptr;
-        uint32_t auth_token_length;
-        int ret = verifyChallenge(uid, 0, enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                provided_password, provided_password_length,
-                &auth_token, &auth_token_length, request_reenroll);
-        delete [] auth_token;
-        return ret;
+    Status verify(int32_t uid, const ::std::vector<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+                  const ::std::vector<uint8_t>& providedPassword, GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
+        return verifyChallenge(uid, 0 /* challenge */, enrolledPasswordHandle, providedPassword,
+                               gkResponse);
     }
 
-    virtual int verifyChallenge(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll) {
+    Status verifyChallenge(int32_t uid, int64_t challenge,
+                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& providedPassword,
+                           GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            return GK_ERROR;
         }
 
         // can't verify if we're missing either param
-        if ((enrolled_password_handle_length | provided_password_length) == 0)
-            return -EINVAL;
+        if (enrolledPasswordHandle.size() == 0 || providedPassword.size() == 0) return GK_ERROR;
 
-        int ret;
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
-            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(enrolled_password_handle);
-            // handle version 0 does not have hardware backed flag, and thus cannot be upgraded to
-            // a HAL if there was none before
-            if (handle->version == 0 || handle->hardware_backed) {
-                uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
-                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
-                curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(enrolled_password_handle),
-                                           enrolled_password_handle_length);
-                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> enteredPwd;
-                enteredPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(provided_password),
-                                         provided_password_length);
-                Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->verify(hw_uid, challenge, curPwdHandle, enteredPwd,
-                                        [&ret, request_reenroll, auth_token, auth_token_length]
-                                             (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
-                    ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
-                    if (auth_token != nullptr && auth_token_length != nullptr &&
-                        rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
-                        *auth_token = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
-                        *auth_token_length = rsp.data.size();
-                        memcpy(*auth_token, rsp.data.data(), *auth_token_length);
-                        if (request_reenroll != nullptr) {
-                            *request_reenroll = (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL);
-                        }
-                        ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
-                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT &&
-                               rsp.timeout > 0) {
-                        ret = rsp.timeout;
+        if (!hw_device) return GK_ERROR;
+
+        if (enrolledPasswordHandle.size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Password handle has wrong length";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+        const gatekeeper::password_handle_t* handle =
+                reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t*>(
+                        enrolledPasswordHandle.data());
+
+        uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+        curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(enrolledPasswordHandle.data()),
+                                   enrolledPasswordHandle.size());
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> enteredPwd;
+        enteredPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(providedPassword.data()),
+                                 providedPassword.size());
+
+        Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->verify(
+                hw_uid, challenge, curPwdHandle, enteredPwd,
+                [&gkResponse](const GatekeeperResponse& rsp) {
+                    if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::ok(
+                                {rsp.data.begin(), rsp.data.end()},
+                                rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL /* reenroll */);
+                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::retry(rsp.timeout);
+                    } else {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::error();
                     }
                 });
-                if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
-                    ALOGE("verify transaction failed\n");
-                    ret = -1;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // upgrade scenario, a HAL has been added to this device where there was none before
-                SoftGateKeeperDevice soft_dev;
-                ret = soft_dev.verify(uid, challenge,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                    provided_password, provided_password_length, auth_token, auth_token_length,
-                    request_reenroll);
 
-                if (ret == 0) {
-                    // success! re-enroll with HAL
-                    *request_reenroll = true;
+        if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "verify transaction failed";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (gkResponse->response_code() == GKResponseCode::OK) {
+            if (gkResponse->payload().size() != 0) {
+                sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+                sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
+                sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
+                        interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
+
+                if (service) {
+                    int result = 0;
+                    auto binder_result = service->addAuthToken(gkResponse->payload(), &result);
+                    if (!binder_result.isOk() ||
+                        !keystore::KeyStoreServiceReturnCode(result).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failure sending auth token to KeyStore: " << result;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot deliver auth token. Unable to communicate with Keystore.";
                 }
             }
-        } else {
-            ret = soft_device->verify(uid, challenge,
-                enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                provided_password, provided_password_length, auth_token, auth_token_length,
-                request_reenroll);
+
+            maybe_store_sid(uid, handle->user_id);
         }
 
-        if (ret == 0 && *auth_token != NULL && *auth_token_length > 0) {
-            // TODO: cache service?
-            sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-            sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
-            sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
-                    interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
-            if (service != NULL) {
-                std::vector<uint8_t> auth_token_vector(*auth_token,
-                                                       (*auth_token) + *auth_token_length);
-                int result = 0;
-                auto binder_result = service->addAuthToken(auth_token_vector, &result);
-                if (!binder_result.isOk() || !keystore::KeyStoreServiceReturnCode(result).isOk()) {
-                    ALOGE("Failure sending auth token to KeyStore: %" PRId32, result);
-                }
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("Unable to communicate with KeyStore");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ret == 0) {
-            maybe_store_sid(uid, reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(
-                        enrolled_password_handle)->user_id);
-        }
-
-        return ret;
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual uint64_t getSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) { return read_sid(uid); }
+    Status getSecureUserId(int32_t uid, int64_t* sid) override {
+        *sid = read_sid(uid);
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
 
-    virtual void clearSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) {
+    Status clearSecureUserId(int32_t uid) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
             ALOGE("%s: permission denied for [%d:%d]", __func__, calling_pid, calling_uid);
-            return;
+            return Status::ok();
         }
         clear_sid(uid);
 
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+        if (hw_device) {
             uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
             hw_device->deleteUser(hw_uid, [] (const GatekeeperResponse &){});
         }
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual void reportDeviceSetupComplete() {
+    Status reportDeviceSetupComplete() override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
             ALOGE("%s: permission denied for [%d:%d]", __func__, calling_pid, calling_uid);
-            return;
+            return Status::ok();
         }
 
         clear_state_if_needed();
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &) {
+    status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>&) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
@@ -410,7 +377,6 @@
 
 private:
     sp<IGatekeeper> hw_device;
-    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeperDevice> soft_device;
 
     bool clear_state_if_needed_done;
     bool is_running_gsi;
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h b/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99fff02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2019, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
+#define GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
+
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace service {
+namespace gatekeeper {
+
+enum class ResponseCode : int32_t {
+    ERROR = -1,
+    OK = 0,
+    RETRY = 1,
+};
+
+class GateKeeperResponse : public ::android::Parcelable {
+    GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode response_code, int32_t timeout = 0,
+                       std::vector<uint8_t> payload = {}, bool should_reenroll = false)
+        : response_code_(response_code),
+          timeout_(timeout),
+          payload_(std::move(payload)),
+          should_reenroll_(should_reenroll) {}
+
+  public:
+    GateKeeperResponse() = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse(GateKeeperResponse&&) = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse(const GateKeeperResponse&) = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse& operator=(GateKeeperResponse&&) = default;
+
+    static GateKeeperResponse error() { return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::ERROR); }
+    static GateKeeperResponse retry(int32_t timeout) {
+        return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::RETRY, timeout);
+    }
+    static GateKeeperResponse ok(std::vector<uint8_t> payload, bool reenroll = false) {
+        return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::OK, 0, std::move(payload), reenroll);
+    }
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* in) override;
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* out) const override;
+
+    const std::vector<uint8_t>& payload() const { return payload_; }
+
+    void payload(std::vector<uint8_t> payload) { payload_ = payload; }
+
+    ResponseCode response_code() const { return response_code_; }
+
+    void response_code(ResponseCode response_code) { response_code_ = response_code; }
+
+    bool should_reenroll() const { return should_reenroll_; }
+
+    void should_reenroll(bool should_reenroll) { should_reenroll_ = should_reenroll; }
+
+    int32_t timeout() const { return timeout_; }
+
+    void timeout(int32_t timeout) { timeout_ = timeout; }
+
+  private:
+    ResponseCode response_code_;
+    int32_t timeout_;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> payload_;
+    bool should_reenroll_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace gatekeeper
+}  // namespace service
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index d4cf93b..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "gatekeeperd-unit-tests",
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-g",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libgatekeeper",
-        "libcrypto",
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-    static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
-    include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
-    srcs: ["gatekeeper_test.cpp"],
-}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp b/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 100375f..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-
-#include "../SoftGateKeeper.h"
-
-using ::gatekeeper::SizedBuffer;
-using ::testing::Test;
-using ::gatekeeper::EnrollRequest;
-using ::gatekeeper::EnrollResponse;
-using ::gatekeeper::VerifyRequest;
-using ::gatekeeper::VerifyResponse;
-using ::gatekeeper::SoftGateKeeper;
-using ::gatekeeper::secure_id_t;
-
-static void do_enroll(SoftGateKeeper &gatekeeper, EnrollResponse *response) {
-    SizedBuffer password;
-
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    password.length = 16;
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    EnrollRequest request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(request, response);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, EnrollSuccess) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    EnrollResponse response;
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, EnrollBogusData) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    EnrollResponse response;
-
-    EnrollRequest request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_INVALID, response.error);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, VerifySuccess) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 1, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ((uint32_t) HW_AUTH_PASSWORD, ntohl(auth_token->authenticator_type));
-    ASSERT_EQ((uint64_t) 1, auth_token->challenge);
-    ASSERT_NE(~((uint32_t) 0), auth_token->timestamp);
-    ASSERT_NE((uint64_t) 0, auth_token->user_id);
-    ASSERT_NE((uint64_t) 0, auth_token->authenticator_id);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, TrustedReEnroll) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-    SizedBuffer password_handle;
-
-    // do_enroll enrolls an all 0 password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // keep a copy of the handle
-    password_handle.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.length]);
-    password_handle.length = enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.length;
-    memcpy(password_handle.buffer.get(), enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.buffer.get(),
-            password_handle.length);
-
-    // verify first password
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    secure_id_t secure_id = auth_token->user_id;
-
-    // enroll new password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    EnrollRequest enroll_request(0, &password_handle, &password, &provided_password);
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(enroll_request, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify new password
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    VerifyRequest new_request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &password);
-    gatekeeper.Verify(new_request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    ASSERT_EQ(secure_id,
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get())->user_id);
-}
-
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, UntrustedReEnroll) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-
-    // do_enroll enrolls an all 0 password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify first password
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    secure_id_t secure_id = auth_token->user_id;
-
-    // enroll new password
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    EnrollRequest enroll_request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(enroll_request, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify new password
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    VerifyRequest new_request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &password);
-    gatekeeper.Verify(new_request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    ASSERT_NE(secure_id,
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get())->user_id);
-}
-
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, VerifyBogusData) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    SizedBuffer password_handle;
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &provided_password, &password_handle);
-
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_INVALID, response.error);
-}
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index fa0a35c..6bc581d 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
         "libavb",
         "libc++fs",
         "libcgrouprc_format",
+        "libmodprobe",
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
         "libpropertyinfoserializer",
         "libpropertyinfoparser",
@@ -127,6 +128,8 @@
         "selabel.cpp",
         "selinux.cpp",
         "service.cpp",
+        "service_list.cpp",
+        "service_parser.cpp",
         "service_utils.cpp",
         "sigchld_handler.cpp",
         "subcontext.cpp",
@@ -254,11 +257,12 @@
         "import_parser.cpp",
         "host_import_parser.cpp",
         "host_init_verifier.cpp",
-        "host_init_stubs.cpp",
         "parser.cpp",
         "rlimit_parser.cpp",
         "tokenizer.cpp",
         "service.cpp",
+        "service_list.cpp",
+        "service_parser.cpp",
         "service_utils.cpp",
         "subcontext.cpp",
         "subcontext.proto",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 0a3e8c7..b24f757 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
     libdexfile_support \
     libunwindstack \
     libbacktrace \
+    libmodprobe \
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := signed-integer-overflow
 # First stage init is weird: it may start without stdout/stderr, and no /proc.
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 6868378..8179bff 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@
 
 `interface <interface name> <instance name>`
 > Associates this service with a list of the HIDL services that it provides. The interface name
-  must be a fully-qualified name and not a value name. This is used to allow hwservicemanager to
-  lazily start services. When multiple interfaces are served, this tag should be used multiple
-  times.
+  must be a fully-qualified name and not a value name. For instance, this is used to allow
+  hwservicemanager to lazily start services. When multiple interfaces are served, this tag should
+  be used multiple times.
   For example: interface vendor.foo.bar@1.0::IBaz default
 
 `ioprio <class> <priority>`
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 44cac4b..cc84aa0 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
 
 #include "action_manager.h"
 #include "bootchart.h"
-#include "host_init_stubs.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "mount_namespace.h"
 #include "parser.h"
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@
 #include "selabel.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
 #include "subcontext.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
+
 static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kCommandRetryTimeout = 5s;
 
 static Result<void> reboot_into_recovery(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
@@ -588,7 +590,12 @@
     if (!ReadFstabFromFile(fstab_file, &fstab)) {
         return Error() << "Could not read fstab";
     }
-    auto mount_fstab_return_code = fs_mgr_mount_all(&fstab, mount_mode);
+
+    auto mount_fstab_return_code =
+            CallFunctionAndHandleProperties(fs_mgr_mount_all, &fstab, mount_mode);
+    if (!mount_fstab_return_code) {
+        return Error() << "Could not call fs_mgr_mount_all(): " << mount_fstab_return_code.error();
+    }
     property_set(prop_name, std::to_string(t.duration().count()));
 
     if (import_rc && SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() <= __ANDROID_API_Q__) {
@@ -599,7 +606,7 @@
     if (queue_event) {
         /* queue_fs_event will queue event based on mount_fstab return code
          * and return processed return code*/
-        auto queue_fs_result = queue_fs_event(mount_fstab_return_code);
+        auto queue_fs_result = queue_fs_event(*mount_fstab_return_code);
         if (!queue_fs_result) {
             return Error() << "queue_fs_event() failed: " << queue_fs_result.error();
         }
@@ -615,8 +622,13 @@
         return Error() << "Could not read fstab";
     }
 
-    if (auto result = fs_mgr_umount_all(&fstab); result != 0) {
-        return Error() << "umount_fstab() failed " << result;
+    auto result = CallFunctionAndHandleProperties(fs_mgr_umount_all, &fstab);
+    if (!result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not call fs_mgr_mount_all() " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    if (*result != 0) {
+        return Error() << "fs_mgr_mount_all() failed: " << *result;
     }
     return {};
 }
@@ -627,8 +639,13 @@
         return Error() << "Could not read fstab '" << args[1] << "'";
     }
 
-    if (!fs_mgr_swapon_all(fstab)) {
-        return Error() << "fs_mgr_swapon_all() failed";
+    auto result = CallFunctionAndHandleProperties(fs_mgr_swapon_all, fstab);
+    if (!result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not call fs_mgr_swapon_all() " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    if (*result == 0) {
+        return Error() << "fs_mgr_swapon_all() failed.";
     }
 
     return {};
diff --git a/init/builtins.h b/init/builtins.h
index 5db0d1c..7bbf6aa 100644
--- a/init/builtins.h
+++ b/init/builtins.h
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
     const Map& map() const override;
 };
 
+extern std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 5e760d0..e8e6cd7 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -39,10 +39,6 @@
 #include "selabel.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#ifdef _INIT_INIT_H
-#error "Do not include init.h in files used by ueventd; it will expose init's globals"
-#endif
-
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 using android::base::Basename;
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.cpp b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
index 5d64f41..17387e2 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_init.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include "debug_ramdisk.h"
@@ -192,6 +193,11 @@
         old_root_dir.reset();
     }
 
+    Modprobe m({"/lib/modules"});
+    if (!m.LoadListedModules()) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to load kernel modules";
+    }
+
     if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
         mkdir("/first_stage_ramdisk", 0755);
         // SwitchRoot() must be called with a mount point as the target, so we bind mount the
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.cpp b/init/host_init_stubs.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b85e54a..0000000
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "host_init_stubs.h"
-
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-
-// unistd.h
-int setgroups(size_t __size, const gid_t* __list) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-// init.h
-std::string default_console = "/dev/console";
-
-// property_service.h
-bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name) {
-    return true;
-}
-uint32_t SetProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
-    android::base::SetProperty(key, value);
-    return 0;
-}
-uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) = SetProperty;
-uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&, const ucred&,
-                           std::string*) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// selinux.h
-int SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() {
-    return 10000;
-}
-void SelabelInitialize() {}
-
-bool SelabelLookupFileContext(const std::string& key, int type, std::string* result) {
-    return false;
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.h b/init/host_init_stubs.h
index f6e9676..7c0544a 100644
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.h
+++ b/init/host_init_stubs.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_HOST_INIT_STUBS_H
-#define _INIT_HOST_INIT_STUBS_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
@@ -23,26 +22,30 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+
 // android/api-level.h
 #define __ANDROID_API_P__ 28
 
 // sys/system_properties.h
 #define PROP_VALUE_MAX 92
 
-// unistd.h
-int setgroups(size_t __size, const gid_t* __list);
-
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-// init.h
-extern std::string default_console;
-
 // property_service.h
-bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name);
-extern uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
-uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
-                           const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr, std::string* error);
+inline bool CanReadProperty(const std::string&, const std::string&) {
+    return true;
+}
+inline uint32_t SetProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
+    android::base::SetProperty(key, value);
+    return 0;
+}
+inline uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) = SetProperty;
+inline uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string&, const std::string&, const std::string&,
+                                  const ucred&, std::string*) {
+    return 0;
+}
 
 // reboot_utils.h
 inline void SetFatalRebootTarget() {}
@@ -50,12 +53,16 @@
     abort();
 }
 
+// selabel.h
+inline void SelabelInitialize() {}
+inline bool SelabelLookupFileContext(const std::string&, int, std::string*) {
+    return false;
+}
+
 // selinux.h
-int SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion();
-void SelabelInitialize();
-bool SelabelLookupFileContext(const std::string& key, int type, std::string* result);
+inline int SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() {
+    return 10000;
+}
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
-
-#endif
diff --git a/init/host_init_verifier.cpp b/init/host_init_verifier.cpp
index cb861f3..9323aa0 100644
--- a/init/host_init_verifier.cpp
+++ b/init/host_init_verifier.cpp
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
 //
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@
 #include "parser.h"
 #include "result.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
+#include "service_parser.h"
 
 #define EXCLUDE_FS_CONFIG_STRUCTURES
 #include "generated_android_ids.h"
@@ -46,9 +50,9 @@
 using android::base::ReadFileToString;
 using android::base::Split;
 
-static std::string passwd_file;
+static std::vector<std::string> passwd_files;
 
-static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> GetVendorPasswd() {
+static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> GetVendorPasswd(const std::string& passwd_file) {
     std::string passwd;
     if (!ReadFileToString(passwd_file, &passwd)) {
         return {};
@@ -70,6 +74,16 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> GetVendorPasswd() {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> result;
+    for (const auto& passwd_file : passwd_files) {
+        auto individual_result = GetVendorPasswd(passwd_file);
+        std::move(individual_result.begin(), individual_result.end(),
+                  std::back_insert_iterator(result));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 passwd* getpwnam(const char* login) {  // NOLINT: implementing bad function.
     // This isn't thread safe, but that's okay for our purposes.
     static char static_name[32] = "";
@@ -124,17 +138,50 @@
 
 #include "generated_stub_builtin_function_map.h"
 
+void PrintUsage() {
+    std::cout << "usage: host_init_verifier [-p FILE] <init rc file>\n"
+                 "\n"
+                 "Tests an init script for correctness\n"
+                 "\n"
+                 "-p FILE\tSearch this passwd file for users and groups\n"
+              << std::endl;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::StdioLogger);
     android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::ERROR);
 
-    if (argc != 2 && argc != 3) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <init rc file> [passwd file]";
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    while (true) {
+        static const struct option long_options[] = {
+                {"help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h'},
+                {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0},
+        };
+
+        int arg = getopt_long(argc, argv, "p:", long_options, nullptr);
+
+        if (arg == -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        switch (arg) {
+            case 'h':
+                PrintUsage();
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+            case 'p':
+                passwd_files.emplace_back(optarg);
+                break;
+            default:
+                std::cerr << "getprop: getopt returned invalid result: " << arg << std::endl;
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
     }
 
-    if (argc == 3) {
-        passwd_file = argv[2];
+    argc -= optind;
+    argv += optind;
+
+    if (argc != 1) {
+        PrintUsage();
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
     const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
@@ -146,12 +193,12 @@
     parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&am, nullptr));
     parser.AddSectionParser("import", std::make_unique<HostImportParser>());
 
-    if (!parser.ParseConfigFileInsecure(argv[1])) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open init rc script '" << argv[1] << "'";
+    if (!parser.ParseConfigFileInsecure(*argv)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open init rc script '" << *argv << "'";
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
     if (parser.parse_error_count() > 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse init script '" << argv[1] << "' with "
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse init script '" << *argv << "' with "
                    << parser.parse_error_count() << " errors";
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 1412e4a..b6911e5 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@
 
 #include "action_parser.h"
 #include "boringssl_self_test.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
 #include "epoll.h"
 #include "first_stage_init.h"
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
@@ -67,6 +70,8 @@
 #include "security.h"
 #include "selabel.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
+#include "service.h"
+#include "service_parser.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -88,8 +93,6 @@
 
 static char qemu[32];
 
-std::string default_console = "/dev/console";
-
 static int signal_fd = -1;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
@@ -100,8 +103,6 @@
 static bool do_shutdown = false;
 static bool load_debug_prop = false;
 
-std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
-
 static std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts;
 
 void DumpState() {
@@ -198,6 +199,14 @@
 
     if (property_triggers_enabled) ActionManager::GetInstance().QueuePropertyChange(name, value);
 
+    // We always record how long init waited for ueventd to tell us cold boot finished.
+    // If we aren't waiting on this property, it means that ueventd finished before we even started
+    // to wait.
+    if (name == kColdBootDoneProp) {
+        auto time_waited = waiting_for_prop ? waiting_for_prop->duration().count() : 0;
+        property_set("ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait", std::to_string(time_waited));
+    }
+
     if (waiting_for_prop) {
         if (wait_prop_name == name && wait_prop_value == value) {
             LOG(INFO) << "Wait for property '" << wait_prop_name << "=" << wait_prop_value
@@ -331,31 +340,10 @@
 }
 
 static Result<void> wait_for_coldboot_done_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    Timer t;
-
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE "...";
-
-    // Historically we had a 1s timeout here because we weren't otherwise
-    // tracking boot time, and many OEMs made their sepolicy regular
-    // expressions too expensive (http://b/19899875).
-
-    // Now we're tracking boot time, just log the time taken to a system
-    // property. We still panic if it takes more than a minute though,
-    // because any build that slow isn't likely to boot at all, and we'd
-    // rather any test lab devices fail back to the bootloader.
-    if (wait_for_file(COLDBOOT_DONE, 60s) < 0) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Timed out waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE;
+    if (!start_waiting_for_property(kColdBootDoneProp, "true")) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Could not wait for '" << kColdBootDoneProp << "'";
     }
 
-    property_set("ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait", std::to_string(t.duration().count()));
-    return {};
-}
-
-static Result<void> console_init_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    std::string console = GetProperty("ro.boot.console", "");
-    if (!console.empty()) {
-        default_console = "/dev/" + console;
-    }
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -765,7 +753,6 @@
                 return {};
             },
             "KeychordInit");
-    am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init");
 
     // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
     am.QueueEventTrigger("init");
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index 90ead0e..cfc28f1 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -14,29 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_INIT_H
-#define _INIT_INIT_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "action_manager.h"
 #include "parser.h"
-#include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-// Note: These globals are *only* valid in init, so they should not be used in ueventd
-// or any files that may be included in ueventd, such as devices.cpp and util.cpp.
-// TODO: Have an Init class and remove all globals.
-extern std::string default_console;
-extern std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
-
 Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
 Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list);
 
@@ -54,5 +45,3 @@
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
-
-#endif  /* _INIT_INIT_H */
diff --git a/init/init_test.cpp b/init/init_test.cpp
index 18c2b38..1bcc5ef 100644
--- a/init/init_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include "keyword_map.h"
 #include "parser.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
+#include "service_parser.h"
 #include "test_function_map.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/init/modalias_handler.cpp b/init/modalias_handler.cpp
index a511156..07b05d8 100644
--- a/init/modalias_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/modalias_handler.cpp
@@ -16,147 +16,20 @@
 
 #include "modalias_handler.h"
 
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-
-#include "parser.h"
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-Result<void> ModaliasHandler::ParseDepCallback(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    std::vector<std::string> deps;
-
-    // Set first item as our modules path
-    std::string::size_type pos = args[0].find(':');
-    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
-        deps.emplace_back(args[0].substr(0, pos));
-    } else {
-        return Error() << "dependency lines must start with name followed by ':'";
-    }
-
-    // Remaining items are dependencies of our module
-    for (auto arg = args.begin() + 1; arg != args.end(); ++arg) {
-        deps.push_back(*arg);
-    }
-
-    // Key is striped module name to match names in alias file
-    std::size_t start = args[0].find_last_of('/');
-    std::size_t end = args[0].find(".ko:");
-    if ((end - start) <= 1) return Error() << "malformed dependency line";
-    auto mod_name = args[0].substr(start + 1, (end - start) - 1);
-    // module names can have '-', but their file names will have '_'
-    std::replace(mod_name.begin(), mod_name.end(), '-', '_');
-    this->module_deps_[mod_name] = deps;
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> ModaliasHandler::ParseAliasCallback(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    auto it = args.begin();
-    const std::string& type = *it++;
-
-    if (type != "alias") {
-        return Error() << "we only handle alias lines, got: " << type;
-    }
-
-    if (args.size() != 3) {
-        return Error() << "alias lines must have 3 entries";
-    }
-
-    std::string& alias = *it++;
-    std::string& module_name = *it++;
-    this->module_aliases_.emplace_back(alias, module_name);
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-ModaliasHandler::ModaliasHandler() {
-    using namespace std::placeholders;
-
-    static const std::string base_paths[] = {
-            "/vendor/lib/modules/",
-            "/lib/modules/",
-            "/odm/lib/modules/",
-    };
-
-    Parser alias_parser;
-    auto alias_callback = std::bind(&ModaliasHandler::ParseAliasCallback, this, _1);
-    alias_parser.AddSingleLineParser("alias", alias_callback);
-    for (const auto& base_path : base_paths) alias_parser.ParseConfig(base_path + "modules.alias");
-
-    Parser dep_parser;
-    auto dep_callback = std::bind(&ModaliasHandler::ParseDepCallback, this, _1);
-    dep_parser.AddSingleLineParser("", dep_callback);
-    for (const auto& base_path : base_paths) dep_parser.ParseConfig(base_path + "modules.dep");
-}
-
-Result<void> ModaliasHandler::Insmod(const std::string& path_name, const std::string& args) {
-    base::unique_fd fd(
-            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path_name.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
-    if (fd == -1) return ErrnoError() << "Could not open module '" << path_name << "'";
-
-    int ret = syscall(__NR_finit_module, fd.get(), args.c_str(), 0);
-    if (ret != 0) {
-        if (errno == EEXIST) {
-            // Module already loaded
-            return {};
-        }
-        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to insmod '" << path_name << "' with args '" << args << "'";
-    }
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "Loaded kernel module " << path_name;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> ModaliasHandler::InsmodWithDeps(const std::string& module_name,
-                                             const std::string& args) {
-    if (module_name.empty()) {
-        return Error() << "Need valid module name";
-    }
-
-    auto it = module_deps_.find(module_name);
-    if (it == module_deps_.end()) {
-        return Error() << "Module '" << module_name << "' not in dependency file";
-    }
-    auto& dependencies = it->second;
-
-    // load module dependencies in reverse order
-    for (auto dep = dependencies.rbegin(); dep != dependencies.rend() - 1; ++dep) {
-        if (auto result = Insmod(*dep, ""); !result) return result;
-    }
-
-    // load target module itself with args
-    return Insmod(dependencies[0], args);
-}
+ModaliasHandler::ModaliasHandler(const std::vector<std::string>& base_paths)
+    : modprobe_(base_paths) {}
 
 void ModaliasHandler::HandleUevent(const Uevent& uevent) {
     if (uevent.modalias.empty()) return;
-
-    for (const auto& [alias, module] : module_aliases_) {
-        if (fnmatch(alias.c_str(), uevent.modalias.c_str(), 0) != 0) continue;  // Keep looking
-
-        LOG(DEBUG) << "Loading kernel module '" << module << "' for alias '" << uevent.modalias
-                   << "'";
-
-        if (auto result = InsmodWithDeps(module, ""); !result) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot load module: " << result.error();
-            // try another one since there may be another match
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // loading was successful
-        return;
-    }
+    modprobe_.LoadWithAliases(uevent.modalias, true);
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/modalias_handler.h b/init/modalias_handler.h
index 7d0afde..ce89a05 100644
--- a/init/modalias_handler.h
+++ b/init/modalias_handler.h
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "result.h"
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
+
 #include "uevent.h"
 #include "uevent_handler.h"
 
@@ -29,20 +29,13 @@
 
 class ModaliasHandler : public UeventHandler {
   public:
-    ModaliasHandler();
+    ModaliasHandler(const std::vector<std::string>&);
     virtual ~ModaliasHandler() = default;
 
     void HandleUevent(const Uevent& uevent) override;
 
   private:
-    Result<void> InsmodWithDeps(const std::string& module_name, const std::string& args);
-    Result<void> Insmod(const std::string& path_name, const std::string& args);
-
-    Result<void> ParseDepCallback(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseAliasCallback(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-
-    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> module_aliases_;
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> module_deps_;
+    Modprobe modprobe_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index 14bb819..1520c9f 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #define _REALLY_INCLUDE_SYS__SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_H_
 #include <sys/_system_properties.h>
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <property_info_parser/property_info_parser.h>
 #include <property_info_serializer/property_info_serializer.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
@@ -59,7 +61,6 @@
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "debug_ramdisk.h"
-#include "epoll.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "persistent_properties.h"
 #include "property_type.h"
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::Timer;
 using android::base::Trim;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
 using android::properties::BuildTrie;
 using android::properties::ParsePropertyInfoFile;
@@ -1006,5 +1008,42 @@
     }
 }
 
+Result<int> CallFunctionAndHandlePropertiesImpl(const std::function<int()>& f) {
+    unique_fd reader;
+    unique_fd writer;
+    if (!Socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, &reader, &writer)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not create socket pair";
+    }
+
+    int result = 0;
+    std::atomic<bool> end = false;
+    auto thread = std::thread{[&f, &result, &end, &writer] {
+        result = f();
+        end = true;
+        send(writer, "1", 1, 0);
+    }};
+
+    Epoll epoll;
+    if (auto result = epoll.Open(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not create epoll: " << result.error();
+    }
+    if (auto result = epoll.RegisterHandler(property_set_fd, handle_property_set_fd); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not register epoll handler for property fd: " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    // No-op function, just used to break from loop.
+    if (auto result = epoll.RegisterHandler(reader, [] {}); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not register epoll handler for ending thread:" << result.error();
+    }
+
+    while (!end) {
+        epoll.Wait({});
+    }
+
+    thread.join();
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index 7f9f844..dc47b4d 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "epoll.h"
+#include "result.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -37,5 +39,13 @@
 void load_persist_props();
 void StartPropertyService(Epoll* epoll);
 
+template <typename F, typename... Args>
+Result<int> CallFunctionAndHandleProperties(F&& f, Args&&... args) {
+    Result<int> CallFunctionAndHandlePropertiesImpl(const std::function<int()>& f);
+
+    auto func = [&] { return f(args...); };
+    return CallFunctionAndHandlePropertiesImpl(func);
+}
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index eaba3cc..d9d885c 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot_utils.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
 
 #define PROC_SYSRQ "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 4fe374c..cd08f3d 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
-#include <linux/input.h>
 #include <linux/securebits.h>
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <termios.h>
@@ -30,27 +28,20 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <hidl-util/FQName.h>
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
-#include "rlimit_parser.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include <ApexProperties.sysprop.h>
-#include <android/api-level.h>
-#include <sys/system_properties.h>
 
-#include "init.h"
 #include "mount_namespace.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
-#include "selinux.h"
 #else
 #include "host_init_stubs.h"
 #endif
@@ -58,8 +49,6 @@
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::GetProperty;
 using android::base::Join;
-using android::base::ParseInt;
-using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
@@ -315,450 +304,6 @@
                   [] (const auto& info) { LOG(INFO) << *info; });
 }
 
-Result<void> Service::ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    capabilities_ = 0;
-
-    if (!CapAmbientSupported()) {
-        return Error()
-               << "capabilities requested but the kernel does not support ambient capabilities";
-    }
-
-    unsigned int last_valid_cap = GetLastValidCap();
-    if (last_valid_cap >= capabilities_->size()) {
-        LOG(WARNING) << "last valid run-time capability is larger than CAP_LAST_CAP";
-    }
-
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
-        const std::string& arg = args[i];
-        int res = LookupCap(arg);
-        if (res < 0) {
-            return Errorf("invalid capability '{}'", arg);
-        }
-        unsigned int cap = static_cast<unsigned int>(res);  // |res| is >= 0.
-        if (cap > last_valid_cap) {
-            return Errorf("capability '{}' not supported by the kernel", arg);
-        }
-        (*capabilities_)[cap] = true;
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    classnames_ = std::set<std::string>(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    flags_ |= SVC_CONSOLE;
-    proc_attr_.console = args.size() > 1 ? "/dev/" + args[1] : "";
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    flags_ |= SVC_CRITICAL;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
-    flags_ |= SVC_RC_DISABLED;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (args[1] != "net") {
-        return Error() << "Init only supports entering network namespaces";
-    }
-    if (!namespaces_.namespaces_to_enter.empty()) {
-        return Error() << "Only one network namespace may be entered";
-    }
-    // Network namespaces require that /sys is remounted, otherwise the old adapters will still be
-    // present. Therefore, they also require mount namespaces.
-    namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
-    namespaces_.namespaces_to_enter.emplace_back(CLONE_NEWNET, std::move(args[2]));
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    auto gid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
-    if (!gid) {
-        return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[1] << "': " << gid.error();
-    }
-    proc_attr_.gid = *gid;
-
-    for (std::size_t n = 2; n < args.size(); n++) {
-        gid = DecodeUid(args[n]);
-        if (!gid) {
-            return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[n] << "': " << gid.error();
-        }
-        proc_attr_.supp_gids.emplace_back(*gid);
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    proc_attr_.priority = 0;
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &proc_attr_.priority,
-                  static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST),  // highest is negative
-                  static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST))) {
-        return Errorf("process priority value must be range {} - {}", ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST,
-                      ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    const std::string& interface_name = args[1];
-    const std::string& instance_name = args[2];
-
-    FQName fq_name;
-    if (!FQName::parse(interface_name, &fq_name)) {
-        return Error() << "Invalid fully-qualified name for interface '" << interface_name << "'";
-    }
-
-    if (!fq_name.isFullyQualified()) {
-        return Error() << "Interface name not fully-qualified '" << interface_name << "'";
-    }
-
-    if (fq_name.isValidValueName()) {
-        return Error() << "Interface name must not be a value name '" << interface_name << "'";
-    }
-
-    const std::string fullname = interface_name + "/" + instance_name;
-
-    for (const auto& svc : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
-        if (svc->interfaces().count(fullname) > 0) {
-            return Error() << "Interface '" << fullname << "' redefined in " << name()
-                           << " but is already defined by " << svc->name();
-        }
-    }
-
-    interfaces_.insert(fullname);
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[2], &proc_attr_.ioprio_pri, 0, 7)) {
-        return Error() << "priority value must be range 0 - 7";
-    }
-
-    if (args[1] == "rt") {
-        proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_RT;
-    } else if (args[1] == "be") {
-        proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_BE;
-    } else if (args[1] == "idle") {
-        proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_IDLE;
-    } else {
-        return Error() << "ioprio option usage: ioprio <rt|be|idle> <0-7>";
-    }
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    auto it = args.begin() + 1;
-    if (args.size() == 2 && StartsWith(args[1], "$")) {
-        std::string expanded;
-        if (!expand_props(args[1], &expanded)) {
-            return Error() << "Could not expand property '" << args[1] << "'";
-        }
-
-        // If the property is not set, it defaults to none, in which case there are no keycodes
-        // for this service.
-        if (expanded == "none") {
-            return {};
-        }
-
-        args = Split(expanded, ",");
-        it = args.begin();
-    }
-
-    for (; it != args.end(); ++it) {
-        int code;
-        if (ParseInt(*it, &code, 0, KEY_MAX)) {
-            for (auto& key : keycodes_) {
-                if (key == code) return Error() << "duplicate keycode: " << *it;
-            }
-            keycodes_.insert(std::upper_bound(keycodes_.begin(), keycodes_.end(), code), code);
-        } else {
-            return Error() << "invalid keycode: " << *it;
-        }
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    args.erase(args.begin());
-    int line = onrestart_.NumCommands() + 1;
-    if (auto result = onrestart_.AddCommand(std::move(args), line); !result) {
-        return Error() << "cannot add Onrestart command: " << result.error();
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
-        if (args[i] == "pid") {
-            namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWPID;
-            // PID namespaces require mount namespaces.
-            namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
-        } else if (args[i] == "mnt") {
-            namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
-        } else {
-            return Error() << "namespace must be 'pid' or 'mnt'";
-        }
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &oom_score_adjust_, -1000, 1000)) {
-        return Error() << "oom_score_adjust value must be in range -1000 - +1000";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    override_ = true;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &swappiness_, 0)) {
-        return Error() << "swappiness value must be equal or greater than 0";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
-        return Error() << "limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_percent_, 0)) {
-        return Error() << "limit_percent value must be equal or greater than 0";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    limit_property_ = std::move(args[1]);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &soft_limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
-        return Error() << "soft_limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    auto rlimit = ParseRlimit(args);
-    if (!rlimit) return rlimit.error();
-
-    proc_attr_.rlimits.emplace_back(*rlimit);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    int period;
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 5)) {
-        return Error() << "restart_period value must be an integer >= 5";
-    }
-    restart_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    seclabel_ = std::move(args[1]);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    sigstop_ = true;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    environment_vars_.emplace_back(std::move(args[1]), std::move(args[2]));
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (args[1] == "critical") {
-        flags_ |= SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL;
-        return {};
-    }
-    return Error() << "Invalid shutdown option";
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    int period;
-    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 1)) {
-        return Error() << "timeout_period value must be an integer >= 1";
-    }
-    timeout_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
-    return {};
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-Result<void> Service::AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    int perm = args.size() > 3 ? std::strtoul(args[3].c_str(), 0, 8) : -1;
-    Result<uid_t> uid = 0;
-    Result<gid_t> gid = 0;
-    std::string context = args.size() > 6 ? args[6] : "";
-
-    if (args.size() > 4) {
-        uid = DecodeUid(args[4]);
-        if (!uid) {
-            return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[4] << "': " << uid.error();
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (args.size() > 5) {
-        gid = DecodeUid(args[5]);
-        if (!gid) {
-            return Error() << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[5] << "': " << gid.error();
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto descriptor = std::make_unique<T>(args[1], args[2], *uid, *gid, perm, context);
-
-    auto old =
-        std::find_if(descriptors_.begin(), descriptors_.end(),
-                     [&descriptor] (const auto& other) { return descriptor.get() == other.get(); });
-
-    if (old != descriptors_.end()) {
-        return Error() << "duplicate descriptor " << args[1] << " " << args[2];
-    }
-
-    descriptors_.emplace_back(std::move(descriptor));
-    return {};
-}
-
-// name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-Result<void> Service::ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (!StartsWith(args[2], "dgram") && !StartsWith(args[2], "stream") &&
-        !StartsWith(args[2], "seqpacket")) {
-        return Error() << "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'";
-    }
-    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(std::move(args));
-}
-
-// name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-Result<void> Service::ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    if (args[2] != "r" && args[2] != "w" && args[2] != "rw") {
-        return Error() << "file type must be 'r', 'w' or 'rw'";
-    }
-    std::string expanded;
-    if (!expand_props(args[1], &expanded)) {
-        return Error() << "Could not expand property in file path '" << args[1] << "'";
-    }
-    args[1] = std::move(expanded);
-    if ((args[1][0] != '/') || (args[1].find("../") != std::string::npos)) {
-        return Error() << "file name must not be relative";
-    }
-    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(std::move(args));
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    auto uid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
-    if (!uid) {
-        return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << uid.error();
-    }
-    proc_attr_.uid = *uid;
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    args.erase(args.begin());
-    writepid_files_ = std::move(args);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    updatable_ = true;
-    return {};
-}
-
-class Service::OptionParserMap : public KeywordMap<OptionParser> {
-  public:
-    OptionParserMap() {}
-
-  private:
-    const Map& map() const override;
-};
-
-const Service::OptionParserMap::Map& Service::OptionParserMap::map() const {
-    constexpr std::size_t kMax = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
-    // clang-format off
-    static const Map option_parsers = {
-        {"capabilities",
-                        {0,     kMax, &Service::ParseCapabilities}},
-        {"class",       {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseClass}},
-        {"console",     {0,     1,    &Service::ParseConsole}},
-        {"critical",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseCritical}},
-        {"disabled",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseDisabled}},
-        {"enter_namespace",
-                        {2,     2,    &Service::ParseEnterNamespace}},
-        {"file",        {2,     2,    &Service::ParseFile}},
-        {"group",       {1,     NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS + 1, &Service::ParseGroup}},
-        {"interface",   {2,     2,    &Service::ParseInterface}},
-        {"ioprio",      {2,     2,    &Service::ParseIoprio}},
-        {"keycodes",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseKeycodes}},
-        {"memcg.limit_in_bytes",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes}},
-        {"memcg.limit_percent",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent}},
-        {"memcg.limit_property",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty}},
-        {"memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes}},
-        {"memcg.swappiness",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness}},
-        {"namespace",   {1,     2,    &Service::ParseNamespace}},
-        {"oneshot",     {0,     0,    &Service::ParseOneshot}},
-        {"onrestart",   {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseOnrestart}},
-        {"oom_score_adjust",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust}},
-        {"override",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseOverride}},
-        {"priority",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParsePriority}},
-        {"restart_period",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseRestartPeriod}},
-        {"rlimit",      {3,     3,    &Service::ParseProcessRlimit}},
-        {"seclabel",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseSeclabel}},
-        {"setenv",      {2,     2,    &Service::ParseSetenv}},
-        {"shutdown",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseShutdown}},
-        {"sigstop",     {0,     0,    &Service::ParseSigstop}},
-        {"socket",      {3,     6,    &Service::ParseSocket}},
-        {"timeout_period",
-                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseTimeoutPeriod}},
-        {"updatable",   {0,     0,    &Service::ParseUpdatable}},
-        {"user",        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseUser}},
-        {"writepid",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseWritepid}},
-    };
-    // clang-format on
-    return option_parsers;
-}
-
-Result<void> Service::ParseLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
-    static const OptionParserMap parser_map;
-    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args);
-
-    if (!parser) return parser.error();
-
-    return std::invoke(*parser, this, std::move(args));
-}
 
 Result<void> Service::ExecStart() {
     if (is_updatable() && !ServiceList::GetInstance().IsServicesUpdated()) {
@@ -813,7 +358,7 @@
     bool needs_console = (flags_ & SVC_CONSOLE);
     if (needs_console) {
         if (proc_attr_.console.empty()) {
-            proc_attr_.console = default_console;
+            proc_attr_.console = "/dev/" + GetProperty("ro.boot.console", "console");
         }
 
         // Make sure that open call succeeds to ensure a console driver is
@@ -1072,17 +617,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-ServiceList::ServiceList() {}
-
-ServiceList& ServiceList::GetInstance() {
-    static ServiceList instance;
-    return instance;
-}
-
-void ServiceList::AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service) {
-    services_.emplace_back(std::move(service));
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<Service> Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     // Parse the arguments: exec [SECLABEL [UID [GID]*] --] COMMAND ARGS...
     // SECLABEL can be a - to denote default
@@ -1147,139 +681,5 @@
                                      nullptr, str_args);
 }
 
-// Shutdown services in the opposite order that they were started.
-const std::vector<Service*> ServiceList::services_in_shutdown_order() const {
-    std::vector<Service*> shutdown_services;
-    for (const auto& service : services_) {
-        if (service->start_order() > 0) shutdown_services.emplace_back(service.get());
-    }
-    std::sort(shutdown_services.begin(), shutdown_services.end(),
-              [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a->start_order() > b->start_order(); });
-    return shutdown_services;
-}
-
-void ServiceList::RemoveService(const Service& svc) {
-    auto svc_it = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
-                               [&svc] (const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
-                                   return svc.name() == s->name();
-                               });
-    if (svc_it == services_.end()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    services_.erase(svc_it);
-}
-
-void ServiceList::DumpState() const {
-    for (const auto& s : services_) {
-        s->DumpState();
-    }
-}
-
-void ServiceList::MarkPostData() {
-    post_data_ = true;
-}
-
-bool ServiceList::IsPostData() {
-    return post_data_;
-}
-
-void ServiceList::MarkServicesUpdate() {
-    services_update_finished_ = true;
-
-    // start the delayed services
-    for (const auto& name : delayed_service_names_) {
-        Service* service = FindService(name);
-        if (service == nullptr) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "delayed service '" << name << "' could not be found.";
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << result.error().message();
-        }
-    }
-    delayed_service_names_.clear();
-}
-
-void ServiceList::DelayService(const Service& service) {
-    if (services_update_finished_) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot delay the start of service '" << service.name()
-                   << "' because all services are already updated. Ignoring.";
-        return;
-    }
-    delayed_service_names_.emplace_back(service.name());
-}
-
-Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
-                                         const std::string& filename, int line) {
-    if (args.size() < 3) {
-        return Error() << "services must have a name and a program";
-    }
-
-    const std::string& name = args[1];
-    if (!IsValidName(name)) {
-        return Error() << "invalid service name '" << name << "'";
-    }
-
-    filename_ = filename;
-
-    Subcontext* restart_action_subcontext = nullptr;
-    if (subcontexts_) {
-        for (auto& subcontext : *subcontexts_) {
-            if (StartsWith(filename, subcontext.path_prefix())) {
-                restart_action_subcontext = &subcontext;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + 2, args.end());
-
-    if (SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() <= __ANDROID_API_P__) {
-        if (str_args[0] == "/sbin/watchdogd") {
-            str_args[0] = "/system/bin/watchdogd";
-        }
-    }
-
-    service_ = std::make_unique<Service>(name, restart_action_subcontext, str_args);
-    return {};
-}
-
-Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
-    return service_ ? service_->ParseLine(std::move(args)) : Result<void>{};
-}
-
-Result<void> ServiceParser::EndSection() {
-    if (service_) {
-        Service* old_service = service_list_->FindService(service_->name());
-        if (old_service) {
-            if (!service_->is_override()) {
-                return Error() << "ignored duplicate definition of service '" << service_->name()
-                               << "'";
-            }
-
-            if (StartsWith(filename_, "/apex/") && !old_service->is_updatable()) {
-                return Error() << "cannot update a non-updatable service '" << service_->name()
-                               << "' with a config in APEX";
-            }
-
-            service_list_->RemoveService(*old_service);
-            old_service = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        service_list_->AddService(std::move(service_));
-    }
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-bool ServiceParser::IsValidName(const std::string& name) const {
-    // Property names can be any length, but may only contain certain characters.
-    // Property values can contain any characters, but may only be a certain length.
-    // (The latter restriction is needed because `start` and `stop` work by writing
-    // the service name to the "ctl.start" and "ctl.stop" properties.)
-    return IsLegalPropertyName("init.svc." + name) && name.size() <= PROP_VALUE_MAX;
-}
-
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index b4356c8..78f94ce 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SERVICE_H
-#define _INIT_SERVICE_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -64,6 +62,8 @@
 namespace init {
 
 class Service {
+    friend class ServiceParser;
+
   public:
     Service(const std::string& name, Subcontext* subcontext_for_restart_commands,
             const std::vector<std::string>& args);
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@
     static std::unique_ptr<Service> MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     bool IsRunning() { return (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) != 0; }
-    Result<void> ParseLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<void> ExecStart();
     Result<void> Start();
     Result<void> StartIfNotDisabled();
@@ -130,51 +129,11 @@
     bool is_post_data() const { return post_data_; }
 
   private:
-    using OptionParser = Result<void> (Service::*)(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    class OptionParserMap;
-
     void NotifyStateChange(const std::string& new_state) const;
     void StopOrReset(int how);
     void KillProcessGroup(int signal);
     void SetProcessAttributesAndCaps();
 
-    Result<void> ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-    Result<void> ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-
-    template <typename T>
-    Result<void> AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
-
     static unsigned long next_start_order_;
     static bool is_exec_service_running_;
 
@@ -238,79 +197,5 @@
     bool running_at_post_data_reset_ = false;
 };
 
-class ServiceList {
-  public:
-    static ServiceList& GetInstance();
-
-    // Exposed for testing
-    ServiceList();
-
-    void AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service);
-    void RemoveService(const Service& svc);
-
-    template <typename T, typename F = decltype(&Service::name)>
-    Service* FindService(T value, F function = &Service::name) const {
-        auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
-                                [&function, &value](const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
-                                    return std::invoke(function, s) == value;
-                                });
-        if (svc != services_.end()) {
-            return svc->get();
-        }
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    Service* FindInterface(const std::string& interface_name) {
-        for (const auto& svc : services_) {
-            if (svc->interfaces().count(interface_name) > 0) {
-                return svc.get();
-            }
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    void DumpState() const;
-
-    auto begin() const { return services_.begin(); }
-    auto end() const { return services_.end(); }
-    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>>& services() const { return services_; }
-    const std::vector<Service*> services_in_shutdown_order() const;
-
-    void MarkPostData();
-    bool IsPostData();
-    void MarkServicesUpdate();
-    bool IsServicesUpdated() const { return services_update_finished_; }
-    void DelayService(const Service& service);
-
-  private:
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>> services_;
-
-    bool post_data_ = false;
-    bool services_update_finished_ = false;
-    std::vector<std::string> delayed_service_names_;
-};
-
-class ServiceParser : public SectionParser {
-  public:
-    ServiceParser(ServiceList* service_list, std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts)
-        : service_list_(service_list), subcontexts_(subcontexts), service_(nullptr) {}
-    Result<void> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                              int line) override;
-    Result<void> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
-    Result<void> EndSection() override;
-    void EndFile() override { filename_ = ""; }
-
-  private:
-    bool IsValidName(const std::string& name) const;
-
-    ServiceList* service_list_;
-    std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts_;
-    std::unique_ptr<Service> service_;
-    std::string filename_;
-};
-
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
-
-#endif
diff --git a/init/service_list.cpp b/init/service_list.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a48183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/service_list.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "service_list.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+ServiceList::ServiceList() {}
+
+ServiceList& ServiceList::GetInstance() {
+    static ServiceList instance;
+    return instance;
+}
+
+void ServiceList::AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service) {
+    services_.emplace_back(std::move(service));
+}
+
+// Shutdown services in the opposite order that they were started.
+const std::vector<Service*> ServiceList::services_in_shutdown_order() const {
+    std::vector<Service*> shutdown_services;
+    for (const auto& service : services_) {
+        if (service->start_order() > 0) shutdown_services.emplace_back(service.get());
+    }
+    std::sort(shutdown_services.begin(), shutdown_services.end(),
+              [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a->start_order() > b->start_order(); });
+    return shutdown_services;
+}
+
+void ServiceList::RemoveService(const Service& svc) {
+    auto svc_it = std::find_if(
+            services_.begin(), services_.end(),
+            [&svc](const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) { return svc.name() == s->name(); });
+    if (svc_it == services_.end()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    services_.erase(svc_it);
+}
+
+void ServiceList::DumpState() const {
+    for (const auto& s : services_) {
+        s->DumpState();
+    }
+}
+
+void ServiceList::MarkPostData() {
+    post_data_ = true;
+}
+
+bool ServiceList::IsPostData() {
+    return post_data_;
+}
+
+void ServiceList::MarkServicesUpdate() {
+    services_update_finished_ = true;
+
+    // start the delayed services
+    for (const auto& name : delayed_service_names_) {
+        Service* service = FindService(name);
+        if (service == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "delayed service '" << name << "' could not be found.";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << result.error().message();
+        }
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.clear();
+}
+
+void ServiceList::DelayService(const Service& service) {
+    if (services_update_finished_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot delay the start of service '" << service.name()
+                   << "' because all services are already updated. Ignoring.";
+        return;
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.emplace_back(service.name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/service_list.h b/init/service_list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2136a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/service_list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "service.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+class ServiceList {
+  public:
+    static ServiceList& GetInstance();
+
+    // Exposed for testing
+    ServiceList();
+
+    void AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service);
+    void RemoveService(const Service& svc);
+
+    template <typename T, typename F = decltype(&Service::name)>
+    Service* FindService(T value, F function = &Service::name) const {
+        auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
+                                [&function, &value](const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
+                                    return std::invoke(function, s) == value;
+                                });
+        if (svc != services_.end()) {
+            return svc->get();
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    Service* FindInterface(const std::string& interface_name) {
+        for (const auto& svc : services_) {
+            if (svc->interfaces().count(interface_name) > 0) {
+                return svc.get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void DumpState() const;
+
+    auto begin() const { return services_.begin(); }
+    auto end() const { return services_.end(); }
+    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>>& services() const { return services_; }
+    const std::vector<Service*> services_in_shutdown_order() const;
+
+    void MarkPostData();
+    bool IsPostData();
+    void MarkServicesUpdate();
+    bool IsServicesUpdated() const { return services_update_finished_; }
+    void DelayService(const Service& service);
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>> services_;
+
+    bool post_data_ = false;
+    bool services_update_finished_ = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> delayed_service_names_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/service_parser.cpp b/init/service_parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33ed050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/service_parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "service_parser.h"
+
+#include <linux/input.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <hidl-util/FQName.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
+
+#include "rlimit_parser.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include <android/api-level.h>
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
+
+#include "selinux.h"
+#else
+#include "host_init_stubs.h"
+#endif
+
+using android::base::ParseInt;
+using android::base::Split;
+using android::base::StartsWith;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->capabilities_ = 0;
+
+    if (!CapAmbientSupported()) {
+        return Error()
+               << "capabilities requested but the kernel does not support ambient capabilities";
+    }
+
+    unsigned int last_valid_cap = GetLastValidCap();
+    if (last_valid_cap >= service_->capabilities_->size()) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "last valid run-time capability is larger than CAP_LAST_CAP";
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
+        const std::string& arg = args[i];
+        int res = LookupCap(arg);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            return Errorf("invalid capability '{}'", arg);
+        }
+        unsigned int cap = static_cast<unsigned int>(res);  // |res| is >= 0.
+        if (cap > last_valid_cap) {
+            return Errorf("capability '{}' not supported by the kernel", arg);
+        }
+        (*service_->capabilities_)[cap] = true;
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->classnames_ = std::set<std::string>(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->flags_ |= SVC_CONSOLE;
+    service_->proc_attr_.console = args.size() > 1 ? "/dev/" + args[1] : "";
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->flags_ |= SVC_CRITICAL;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
+    service_->flags_ |= SVC_RC_DISABLED;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (args[1] != "net") {
+        return Error() << "Init only supports entering network namespaces";
+    }
+    if (!service_->namespaces_.namespaces_to_enter.empty()) {
+        return Error() << "Only one network namespace may be entered";
+    }
+    // Network namespaces require that /sys is remounted, otherwise the old adapters will still be
+    // present. Therefore, they also require mount namespaces.
+    service_->namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
+    service_->namespaces_.namespaces_to_enter.emplace_back(CLONE_NEWNET, std::move(args[2]));
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    auto gid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
+    if (!gid) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[1] << "': " << gid.error();
+    }
+    service_->proc_attr_.gid = *gid;
+
+    for (std::size_t n = 2; n < args.size(); n++) {
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[n]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[n] << "': " << gid.error();
+        }
+        service_->proc_attr_.supp_gids.emplace_back(*gid);
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->proc_attr_.priority = 0;
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->proc_attr_.priority,
+                  static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST),  // highest is negative
+                  static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST))) {
+        return Errorf("process priority value must be range {} - {}", ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST,
+                      ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    const std::string& interface_name = args[1];
+    const std::string& instance_name = args[2];
+
+    FQName fq_name;
+    if (!FQName::parse(interface_name, &fq_name)) {
+        return Error() << "Invalid fully-qualified name for interface '" << interface_name << "'";
+    }
+
+    if (!fq_name.isFullyQualified()) {
+        return Error() << "Interface name not fully-qualified '" << interface_name << "'";
+    }
+
+    if (fq_name.isValidValueName()) {
+        return Error() << "Interface name must not be a value name '" << interface_name << "'";
+    }
+
+    const std::string fullname = interface_name + "/" + instance_name;
+
+    for (const auto& svc : *service_list_) {
+        if (svc->interfaces().count(fullname) > 0) {
+            return Error() << "Interface '" << fullname << "' redefined in " << service_->name()
+                           << " but is already defined by " << svc->name();
+        }
+    }
+
+    service_->interfaces_.insert(fullname);
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[2], &service_->proc_attr_.ioprio_pri, 0, 7)) {
+        return Error() << "priority value must be range 0 - 7";
+    }
+
+    if (args[1] == "rt") {
+        service_->proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_RT;
+    } else if (args[1] == "be") {
+        service_->proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_BE;
+    } else if (args[1] == "idle") {
+        service_->proc_attr_.ioprio_class = IoSchedClass_IDLE;
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "ioprio option usage: ioprio <rt|be|idle> <0-7>";
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin() + 1;
+    if (args.size() == 2 && StartsWith(args[1], "$")) {
+        std::string expanded;
+        if (!expand_props(args[1], &expanded)) {
+            return Error() << "Could not expand property '" << args[1] << "'";
+        }
+
+        // If the property is not set, it defaults to none, in which case there are no keycodes
+        // for this service.
+        if (expanded == "none") {
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        args = Split(expanded, ",");
+        it = args.begin();
+    }
+
+    for (; it != args.end(); ++it) {
+        int code;
+        if (ParseInt(*it, &code, 0, KEY_MAX)) {
+            for (auto& key : service_->keycodes_) {
+                if (key == code) return Error() << "duplicate keycode: " << *it;
+            }
+            service_->keycodes_.insert(
+                    std::upper_bound(service_->keycodes_.begin(), service_->keycodes_.end(), code),
+                    code);
+        } else {
+            return Error() << "invalid keycode: " << *it;
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    args.erase(args.begin());
+    int line = service_->onrestart_.NumCommands() + 1;
+    if (auto result = service_->onrestart_.AddCommand(std::move(args), line); !result) {
+        return Error() << "cannot add Onrestart command: " << result.error();
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
+        if (args[i] == "pid") {
+            service_->namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWPID;
+            // PID namespaces require mount namespaces.
+            service_->namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
+        } else if (args[i] == "mnt") {
+            service_->namespaces_.flags |= CLONE_NEWNS;
+        } else {
+            return Error() << "namespace must be 'pid' or 'mnt'";
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->oom_score_adjust_, -1000, 1000)) {
+        return Error() << "oom_score_adjust value must be in range -1000 - +1000";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->override_ = true;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->swappiness_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "swappiness value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->limit_percent_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "limit_percent value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->limit_property_ = std::move(args[1]);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &service_->soft_limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "soft_limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    auto rlimit = ParseRlimit(args);
+    if (!rlimit) return rlimit.error();
+
+    service_->proc_attr_.rlimits.emplace_back(*rlimit);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    int period;
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 5)) {
+        return Error() << "restart_period value must be an integer >= 5";
+    }
+    service_->restart_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->seclabel_ = std::move(args[1]);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->sigstop_ = true;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->environment_vars_.emplace_back(std::move(args[1]), std::move(args[2]));
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (args[1] == "critical") {
+        service_->flags_ |= SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL;
+        return {};
+    }
+    return Error() << "Invalid shutdown option";
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    int period;
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 1)) {
+        return Error() << "timeout_period value must be an integer >= 1";
+    }
+    service_->timeout_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
+    return {};
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Result<void> ServiceParser::AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    int perm = args.size() > 3 ? std::strtoul(args[3].c_str(), 0, 8) : -1;
+    Result<uid_t> uid = 0;
+    Result<gid_t> gid = 0;
+    std::string context = args.size() > 6 ? args[6] : "";
+
+    if (args.size() > 4) {
+        uid = DecodeUid(args[4]);
+        if (!uid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[4] << "': " << uid.error();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (args.size() > 5) {
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[5]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[5] << "': " << gid.error();
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto descriptor = std::make_unique<T>(args[1], args[2], *uid, *gid, perm, context);
+
+    auto old = std::find_if(
+            service_->descriptors_.begin(), service_->descriptors_.end(),
+            [&descriptor](const auto& other) { return descriptor.get() == other.get(); });
+
+    if (old != service_->descriptors_.end()) {
+        return Error() << "duplicate descriptor " << args[1] << " " << args[2];
+    }
+
+    service_->descriptors_.emplace_back(std::move(descriptor));
+    return {};
+}
+
+// name type perm [ uid gid context ]
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!StartsWith(args[2], "dgram") && !StartsWith(args[2], "stream") &&
+        !StartsWith(args[2], "seqpacket")) {
+        return Error() << "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'";
+    }
+    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(std::move(args));
+}
+
+// name type perm [ uid gid context ]
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (args[2] != "r" && args[2] != "w" && args[2] != "rw") {
+        return Error() << "file type must be 'r', 'w' or 'rw'";
+    }
+    std::string expanded;
+    if (!expand_props(args[1], &expanded)) {
+        return Error() << "Could not expand property in file path '" << args[1] << "'";
+    }
+    args[1] = std::move(expanded);
+    if ((args[1][0] != '/') || (args[1].find("../") != std::string::npos)) {
+        return Error() << "file name must not be relative";
+    }
+    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(std::move(args));
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    auto uid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
+    if (!uid) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << uid.error();
+    }
+    service_->proc_attr_.uid = *uid;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    args.erase(args.begin());
+    service_->writepid_files_ = std::move(args);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    service_->updatable_ = true;
+    return {};
+}
+
+class ServiceParser::OptionParserMap : public KeywordMap<OptionParser> {
+  public:
+    OptionParserMap() {}
+
+  private:
+    const Map& map() const override;
+};
+
+const ServiceParser::OptionParserMap::Map& ServiceParser::OptionParserMap::map() const {
+    constexpr std::size_t kMax = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+    // clang-format off
+    static const Map option_parsers = {
+        {"capabilities",
+                        {0,     kMax, &ServiceParser::ParseCapabilities}},
+        {"class",       {1,     kMax, &ServiceParser::ParseClass}},
+        {"console",     {0,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseConsole}},
+        {"critical",    {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseCritical}},
+        {"disabled",    {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseDisabled}},
+        {"enter_namespace",
+                        {2,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseEnterNamespace}},
+        {"file",        {2,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseFile}},
+        {"group",       {1,     NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS + 1, &ServiceParser::ParseGroup}},
+        {"interface",   {2,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseInterface}},
+        {"ioprio",      {2,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseIoprio}},
+        {"keycodes",    {1,     kMax, &ServiceParser::ParseKeycodes}},
+        {"memcg.limit_in_bytes",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes}},
+        {"memcg.limit_percent",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitPercent}},
+        {"memcg.limit_property",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseMemcgLimitProperty}},
+        {"memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes}},
+        {"memcg.swappiness",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseMemcgSwappiness}},
+        {"namespace",   {1,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseNamespace}},
+        {"oneshot",     {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseOneshot}},
+        {"onrestart",   {1,     kMax, &ServiceParser::ParseOnrestart}},
+        {"oom_score_adjust",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseOomScoreAdjust}},
+        {"override",    {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseOverride}},
+        {"priority",    {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParsePriority}},
+        {"restart_period",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseRestartPeriod}},
+        {"rlimit",      {3,     3,    &ServiceParser::ParseProcessRlimit}},
+        {"seclabel",    {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseSeclabel}},
+        {"setenv",      {2,     2,    &ServiceParser::ParseSetenv}},
+        {"shutdown",    {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseShutdown}},
+        {"sigstop",     {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseSigstop}},
+        {"socket",      {3,     6,    &ServiceParser::ParseSocket}},
+        {"timeout_period",
+                        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseTimeoutPeriod}},
+        {"updatable",   {0,     0,    &ServiceParser::ParseUpdatable}},
+        {"user",        {1,     1,    &ServiceParser::ParseUser}},
+        {"writepid",    {1,     kMax, &ServiceParser::ParseWritepid}},
+    };
+    // clang-format on
+    return option_parsers;
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                         const std::string& filename, int line) {
+    if (args.size() < 3) {
+        return Error() << "services must have a name and a program";
+    }
+
+    const std::string& name = args[1];
+    if (!IsValidName(name)) {
+        return Error() << "invalid service name '" << name << "'";
+    }
+
+    filename_ = filename;
+
+    Subcontext* restart_action_subcontext = nullptr;
+    if (subcontexts_) {
+        for (auto& subcontext : *subcontexts_) {
+            if (StartsWith(filename, subcontext.path_prefix())) {
+                restart_action_subcontext = &subcontext;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + 2, args.end());
+
+    if (SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() <= __ANDROID_API_P__) {
+        if (str_args[0] == "/sbin/watchdogd") {
+            str_args[0] = "/system/bin/watchdogd";
+        }
+    }
+
+    service_ = std::make_unique<Service>(name, restart_action_subcontext, str_args);
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
+    if (!service_) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    static const OptionParserMap parser_map;
+    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args);
+
+    if (!parser) return parser.error();
+
+    return std::invoke(*parser, this, std::move(args));
+}
+
+Result<void> ServiceParser::EndSection() {
+    if (!service_) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Service* old_service = service_list_->FindService(service_->name());
+    if (old_service) {
+        if (!service_->is_override()) {
+            return Error() << "ignored duplicate definition of service '" << service_->name()
+                           << "'";
+        }
+
+        if (StartsWith(filename_, "/apex/") && !old_service->is_updatable()) {
+            return Error() << "cannot update a non-updatable service '" << service_->name()
+                           << "' with a config in APEX";
+        }
+
+        service_list_->RemoveService(*old_service);
+        old_service = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    service_list_->AddService(std::move(service_));
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool ServiceParser::IsValidName(const std::string& name) const {
+    // Property names can be any length, but may only contain certain characters.
+    // Property values can contain any characters, but may only be a certain length.
+    // (The latter restriction is needed because `start` and `stop` work by writing
+    // the service name to the "ctl.start" and "ctl.stop" properties.)
+    return IsLegalPropertyName("init.svc." + name) && name.size() <= PROP_VALUE_MAX;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/service_parser.h b/init/service_parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a5b291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/service_parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
+#include "subcontext.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+class ServiceParser : public SectionParser {
+  public:
+    ServiceParser(ServiceList* service_list, std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts)
+        : service_list_(service_list), subcontexts_(subcontexts), service_(nullptr) {}
+    Result<void> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+                              int line) override;
+    Result<void> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
+    Result<void> EndSection() override;
+    void EndFile() override { filename_ = ""; }
+
+  private:
+    using OptionParser = Result<void> (ServiceParser::*)(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    class OptionParserMap;
+
+    Result<void> ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<void> ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Result<void> AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+
+    bool IsValidName(const std::string& name) const;
+
+    ServiceList* service_list_;
+    std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts_;
+    std::unique_ptr<Service> service_;
+    std::string filename_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/sigchld_handler.cpp b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
index 987b2f9..c9a09cd 100644
--- a/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "init.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "service_list.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::boot_clock;
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index d700c46..3b9de0f 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
 
     WaitForSubProcesses();
 
-    close(open(COLDBOOT_DONE, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));
+    android::base::SetProperty(kColdBootDoneProp, "true");
     LOG(INFO) << "Coldboot took " << cold_boot_timer.duration().count() / 1000.0f << " seconds";
 }
 
@@ -251,11 +251,12 @@
             std::move(ueventd_configuration.firmware_directories)));
 
     if (ueventd_configuration.enable_modalias_handling) {
-        uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ModaliasHandler>());
+        std::vector<std::string> base_paths = {"/odm/lib/modules", "/vendor/lib/modules"};
+        uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ModaliasHandler>(base_paths));
     }
     UeventListener uevent_listener(ueventd_configuration.uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size);
 
-    if (access(COLDBOOT_DONE, F_OK) != 0) {
+    if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty(kColdBootDoneProp, false)) {
         ColdBoot cold_boot(uevent_listener, uevent_handlers);
         cold_boot.Run();
     }
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 14acaa2..2b34242 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -46,10 +46,6 @@
 #include "host_init_stubs.h"
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _INIT_INIT_H
-#error "Do not include init.h in files used by ueventd; it will expose init's globals"
-#endif
-
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
 
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 770084b..1929cb5 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@
 
 #include "result.h"
 
-#define COLDBOOT_DONE "/dev/.coldboot_done"
-
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+static const char kColdBootDoneProp[] = "ro.cold_boot_done";
+
 int CreateSocket(const char* name, int type, bool passcred, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
                  const char* socketcon);
 
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index 6606030..897a169 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 
+#include "fs_config.h"
+
 #ifndef O_BINARY
 #define O_BINARY 0
 #endif
@@ -46,20 +48,8 @@
 using android::base::EndsWith;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 
-// My kingdom for <endian.h>
-static inline uint16_t get2LE(const uint8_t* src) {
-    return src[0] | (src[1] << 8);
-}
-
-static inline uint64_t get8LE(const uint8_t* src) {
-    uint32_t low, high;
-
-    low = src[0] | (src[1] << 8) | (src[2] << 16) | (src[3] << 24);
-    high = src[4] | (src[5] << 8) | (src[6] << 16) | (src[7] << 24);
-    return ((uint64_t)high << 32) | (uint64_t)low;
-}
-
 #define ALIGN(x, alignment) (((x) + ((alignment)-1)) & ~((alignment)-1))
+#define CAP_MASK_LONG(cap_name) (1ULL << (cap_name))
 
 // Rules for directories.
 // These rules are applied based on "first match", so they
@@ -333,7 +323,7 @@
 
         while (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &header, sizeof(header))) == sizeof(header)) {
             char* prefix;
-            uint16_t host_len = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&header.len);
+            uint16_t host_len = header.len;
             ssize_t len, remainder = host_len - sizeof(header);
             if (remainder <= 0) {
                 ALOGE("%s len is corrupted", conf[which][dir]);
@@ -358,10 +348,10 @@
             if (fs_config_cmp(dir, prefix, len, path, plen)) {
                 free(prefix);
                 close(fd);
-                *uid = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(header.uid));
-                *gid = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(header.gid));
-                *mode = (*mode & (~07777)) | get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(header.mode));
-                *capabilities = get8LE((const uint8_t*)&(header.capabilities));
+                *uid = header.uid;
+                *gid = header.gid;
+                *mode = (*mode & (~07777)) | header.mode;
+                *capabilities = header.capabilities;
                 return;
             }
             free(prefix);
@@ -379,21 +369,3 @@
     *mode = (*mode & (~07777)) | pc->mode;
     *capabilities = pc->capabilities;
 }
-
-ssize_t fs_config_generate(char* buffer, size_t length, const struct fs_path_config* pc) {
-    struct fs_path_config_from_file* p = (struct fs_path_config_from_file*)buffer;
-    size_t len = ALIGN(sizeof(*p) + strlen(pc->prefix) + 1, sizeof(uint64_t));
-
-    if ((length < len) || (len > UINT16_MAX)) {
-        return -ENOSPC;
-    }
-    memset(p, 0, len);
-    uint16_t host_len = len;
-    p->len = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&host_len);
-    p->mode = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(pc->mode));
-    p->uid = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(pc->uid));
-    p->gid = get2LE((const uint8_t*)&(pc->gid));
-    p->capabilities = get8LE((const uint8_t*)&(pc->capabilities));
-    strcpy(p->prefix, pc->prefix);
-    return len;
-}
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.h b/libcutils/fs_config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66ad48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Binary format for the runtime <partition>/etc/fs_config_(dirs|files) filesystem override files.
+struct fs_path_config_from_file {
+    uint16_t len;
+    uint16_t mode;
+    uint16_t uid;
+    uint16_t gid;
+    uint64_t capabilities;
+    char prefix[];
+} __attribute__((__aligned__(sizeof(uint64_t))));
+
+struct fs_path_config {
+    unsigned mode;
+    unsigned uid;
+    unsigned gid;
+    uint64_t capabilities;
+    const char* prefix;
+};
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config_test.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config_test.cpp
index c26315f..9627152 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config_test.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/fs_config.h>
+
+#include "fs_config.h"
 
 extern const fs_path_config* __for_testing_only__android_dirs;
 extern const fs_path_config* __for_testing_only__android_files;
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
index 8926491..8a9a1ff 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
@@ -19,44 +19,17 @@
 ** by the device side of adb.
 */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
-#define _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
 #include <linux/capability.h>
 #else  // defined(__BIONIC__)
-#include "android_filesystem_capability.h"
+#include <private/android_filesystem_capability.h>
 #endif  // defined(__BIONIC__)
 
-#define CAP_MASK_LONG(cap_name) (1ULL << (cap_name))
-
-/*
- * binary format for the runtime <partition>/etc/fs_config_(dirs|files)
- * filesystem override files.
- */
-
-/* The following structure is stored little endian */
-struct fs_path_config_from_file {
-    uint16_t len;
-    uint16_t mode;
-    uint16_t uid;
-    uint16_t gid;
-    uint64_t capabilities;
-    char prefix[];
-} __attribute__((__aligned__(sizeof(uint64_t))));
-
-struct fs_path_config {
-    unsigned mode;
-    unsigned uid;
-    unsigned gid;
-    uint64_t capabilities;
-    const char* prefix;
-};
-
 /* Rules for directories and files has moved to system/code/libcutils/fs_config.c */
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
@@ -74,8 +47,4 @@
 void fs_config(const char* path, int dir, const char* target_out_path, unsigned* uid, unsigned* gid,
                unsigned* mode, uint64_t* capabilities);
 
-ssize_t fs_config_generate(char* buffer, size_t length, const struct fs_path_config* pc);
-
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H */
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libdmabufinfo/tools/dmabuf_dump.cpp b/libmeminfo/libdmabufinfo/tools/dmabuf_dump.cpp
index 0851fb3..9a80c82 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/libdmabufinfo/tools/dmabuf_dump.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/libdmabufinfo/tools/dmabuf_dump.cpp
@@ -17,16 +17,17 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <dmabufinfo/dmabufinfo.h>
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@
     exit(exit_status);
 }
 
-static std::string GetProcessBaseName(pid_t pid) {
+static std::string GetProcessComm(const pid_t pid) {
     std::string pid_path = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/comm", pid);
     std::ifstream in{pid_path};
     if (!in) return std::string("N/A");
@@ -53,85 +54,76 @@
     return line;
 }
 
-static void AddPidsToSet(const std::unordered_map<pid_t, int>& map, std::set<pid_t>* set)
-{
-    for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it)
-        set->insert(it->first);
+static void AddPidsToSet(const std::unordered_map<pid_t, int>& map, std::set<pid_t>* set) {
+    for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it) set->insert(it->first);
 }
 
 static void PrintDmaBufInfo(const std::vector<DmaBuffer>& bufs) {
-    std::set<pid_t> pid_set;
-    std::map<pid_t, int> pid_column;
-
     if (bufs.empty()) {
-        std::cout << "dmabuf info not found ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯" << std::endl;
+        printf("dmabuf info not found ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯\n");
         return;
     }
 
     // Find all unique pids in the input vector, create a set
+    std::set<pid_t> pid_set;
     for (int i = 0; i < bufs.size(); i++) {
         AddPidsToSet(bufs[i].fdrefs(), &pid_set);
         AddPidsToSet(bufs[i].maprefs(), &pid_set);
     }
 
-    int pid_count = 0;
-
-    std::cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t";
-
-    // Create a map to convert each unique pid into a column number
-    for (auto it = pid_set.begin(); it != pid_set.end(); ++it, ++pid_count) {
-        pid_column.insert(std::make_pair(*it, pid_count));
-        std::cout << ::android::base::StringPrintf("[pid: % 4d]\t", *it);
+    // Format the header string spaced and separated with '|'
+    printf("    Dmabuf Inode |            Size |      Ref Counts |");
+    for (auto pid : pid_set) {
+        printf("%16s:%-5d |", GetProcessComm(pid).c_str(), pid);
     }
+    printf("\n");
 
-    std::cout << std::endl << "\t\t\t\t\t\t";
+    // holds per-process dmabuf size in kB
+    std::map<pid_t, uint64_t> per_pid_size = {};
+    uint64_t dmabuf_total_size = 0;
 
-    for (auto it = pid_set.begin(); it != pid_set.end(); ++it) {
-        std::cout << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%16s",
-            GetProcessBaseName(*it).c_str());
-    }
+    // Iterate through all dmabufs and collect per-process sizes, refs
+    for (auto& buf : bufs) {
+        printf("%16ju |%13" PRIu64 " kB |%16" PRIu64 " |", static_cast<uintmax_t>(buf.inode()),
+               buf.size() / 1024, buf.total_refs());
+        // Iterate through each process to find out per-process references for each buffer,
+        // gather total size used by each process etc.
+        for (pid_t pid : pid_set) {
+            int pid_refs = 0;
+            if (buf.fdrefs().count(pid) == 1) {
+                // Get the total number of ref counts the process is holding
+                // on this buffer. We don't differentiate between mmap or fd.
+                pid_refs += buf.fdrefs().at(pid);
+                if (buf.maprefs().count(pid) == 1) {
+                    pid_refs += buf.maprefs().at(pid);
+                }
+            }
 
-    std::cout << std::endl << "\tinode\t\tsize\t\tcount\t";
-    for (int i = 0; i < pid_count; i++) {
-        std::cout << "fd\tmap\t";
-    }
-    std::cout << std::endl;
-
-    auto fds = std::make_unique<int[]>(pid_count);
-    auto maps = std::make_unique<int[]>(pid_count);
-    auto pss = std::make_unique<long[]>(pid_count);
-
-    memset(pss.get(), 0, sizeof(long) * pid_count);
-
-    for (auto buf = bufs.begin(); buf != bufs.end(); ++buf) {
-
-        std::cout << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%16lu\t%10" PRIu64 "\t%" PRIu64 "\t",
-            buf->inode(),buf->size(), buf->count());
-
-        memset(fds.get(), 0, sizeof(int) * pid_count);
-        memset(maps.get(), 0, sizeof(int) * pid_count);
-
-        for (auto it = buf->fdrefs().begin(); it != buf->fdrefs().end(); ++it) {
-            fds[pid_column[it->first]] = it->second;
-            pss[pid_column[it->first]] += buf->size() * it->second / buf->count();
+            if (pid_refs) {
+                // Add up the per-pid total size. Note that if a buffer is mapped
+                // in 2 different processes, the size will be shown as mapped or opened
+                // in both processes. This is intended for visibility.
+                //
+                // If one wants to get the total *unique* dma buffers, they can simply
+                // sum the size of all dma bufs shown by the tool
+                per_pid_size[pid] += buf.size() / 1024;
+                printf("%17d refs |", pid_refs);
+            } else {
+                printf("%22s |", "--");
+            }
         }
-
-        for (auto it = buf->maprefs().begin(); it != buf->maprefs().end(); ++it) {
-            maps[pid_column[it->first]] = it->second;
-            pss[pid_column[it->first]] += buf->size() * it->second / buf->count();
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < pid_count; i++) {
-            std::cout << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%d\t%d\t", fds[i], maps[i]);
-        }
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        dmabuf_total_size += buf.size() / 1024;
+        printf("\n");
     }
-    std::cout << "-----------------------------------------" << std::endl;
-    std::cout << "PSS                                      ";
-    for (int i = 0; i < pid_count; i++) {
-        std::cout << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%15ldK", pss[i] / 1024);
+
+    printf("------------------------------------\n");
+    printf("%-16s  %13" PRIu64 " kB |%16s |", "TOTALS", dmabuf_total_size, "n/a");
+    for (auto pid : pid_set) {
+        printf("%19" PRIu64 " kB |", per_pid_size[pid]);
     }
-    std::cout << std::endl;
+    printf("\n");
+
+    return;
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
@@ -142,8 +134,7 @@
     if (argc > 1) {
         if (sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &pid) == 1) {
             show_all = false;
-        }
-        else {
+        } else {
             usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
     }
@@ -178,8 +169,7 @@
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
     }
+
     PrintDmaBufInfo(bufs);
     return 0;
 }
-
-
diff --git a/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
index 0a26c08..cb17af8 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@
         if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
     }
 
-    if (pread64(kpageflags_fd_, flags, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+    if (pread64(kpageflags_fd_, flags, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) !=
+        sizeof(uint64_t)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page flags for page " << pfn;
         return false;
     }
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@
         if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
     }
 
-    if (pread64(kpagecount_fd_, mapcount, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+    if (pread64(kpagecount_fd_, mapcount, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) !=
+        sizeof(uint64_t)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read map count for page " << pfn;
         return false;
     }
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@
     off64_t offset = pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(pfn);
     uint64_t idle_bits;
 
-    if (pread64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) < 0) {
+    if (pread64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page idle bitmap for page " << pfn;
         return -errno;
     }
diff --git a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
index 934d65c..caf6e86 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
@@ -278,68 +279,89 @@
 
 bool ProcMemInfo::ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss, bool use_pageidle) {
     PageAcct& pinfo = PageAcct::Instance();
-    uint64_t pagesz = getpagesize();
-    uint64_t num_pages = (vma.end - vma.start) / pagesz;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_frames(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
-    uint64_t first = vma.start / pagesz;
-    if (pread64(pagemap_fd, pg_frames.get(), num_pages * sizeof(uint64_t),
-                first * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page frames from page map for pid: " << pid_;
+    if (get_wss && use_pageidle && !pinfo.InitPageAcct(true)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to init idle page accounting";
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (get_wss && use_pageidle) {
-        if (!pinfo.InitPageAcct(true)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to init idle page accounting";
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
+    uint64_t pagesz = getpagesize();
+    size_t num_pages = (vma.end - vma.start) / pagesz;
+    size_t first_page = vma.start / pagesz;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_flags(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
-    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_counts(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
-    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_pages; ++i) {
+    std::vector<uint64_t> page_cache;
+    size_t cur_page_cache_index = 0;
+    size_t num_in_page_cache = 0;
+    size_t num_leftover_pages = num_pages;
+    for (size_t cur_page = first_page; cur_page < first_page + num_pages; ++cur_page) {
         if (!get_wss) {
             vma.usage.vss += pagesz;
         }
-        uint64_t p = pg_frames[i];
-        if (!PAGE_PRESENT(p) && !PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) continue;
 
-        if (PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) {
+        // Cache page map data.
+        if (cur_page_cache_index == num_in_page_cache) {
+            static constexpr size_t kMaxPages = 2048;
+            num_leftover_pages -= num_in_page_cache;
+            if (num_leftover_pages > kMaxPages) {
+                num_in_page_cache = kMaxPages;
+            } else {
+                num_in_page_cache = num_leftover_pages;
+            }
+            page_cache.resize(num_in_page_cache);
+            size_t total_bytes = page_cache.size() * sizeof(uint64_t);
+            ssize_t bytes = pread64(pagemap_fd, page_cache.data(), total_bytes,
+                                    cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t));
+            if (bytes != total_bytes) {
+                if (bytes == -1) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset "
+                                << cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t);
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset "
+                               << cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t) << " read bytes " << sizeof(uint64_t)
+                               << " expected bytes " << bytes;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            cur_page_cache_index = 0;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t page_info = page_cache[cur_page_cache_index++];
+        if (!PAGE_PRESENT(page_info) && !PAGE_SWAPPED(page_info)) continue;
+
+        if (PAGE_SWAPPED(page_info)) {
             vma.usage.swap += pagesz;
-            swap_offsets_.emplace_back(PAGE_SWAP_OFFSET(p));
+            swap_offsets_.emplace_back(PAGE_SWAP_OFFSET(page_info));
             continue;
         }
 
-        uint64_t page_frame = PAGE_PFN(p);
-        if (!pinfo.PageFlags(page_frame, &pg_flags[i])) {
+        uint64_t page_frame = PAGE_PFN(page_info);
+        uint64_t cur_page_flags;
+        if (!pinfo.PageFlags(page_frame, &cur_page_flags)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page flags for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
             swap_offsets_.clear();
             return false;
         }
 
         // skip unwanted pages from the count
-        if ((pg_flags[i] & pgflags_mask_) != pgflags_) continue;
+        if ((cur_page_flags & pgflags_mask_) != pgflags_) continue;
 
-        if (!pinfo.PageMapCount(page_frame, &pg_counts[i])) {
+        uint64_t cur_page_counts;
+        if (!pinfo.PageMapCount(page_frame, &cur_page_counts)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page count for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
             swap_offsets_.clear();
             return false;
         }
 
         // Page was unmapped between the presence check at the beginning of the loop and here.
-        if (pg_counts[i] == 0) {
-            pg_frames[i] = 0;
-            pg_flags[i] = 0;
+        if (cur_page_counts == 0) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        bool is_dirty = !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_DIRTY));
-        bool is_private = (pg_counts[i] == 1);
+        bool is_dirty = !!(cur_page_flags & (1 << KPF_DIRTY));
+        bool is_private = (cur_page_counts == 1);
         // Working set
         if (get_wss) {
             bool is_referenced = use_pageidle ? (pinfo.IsPageIdle(page_frame) == 1)
-                                              : !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_REFERENCED));
+                                              : !!(cur_page_flags & (1 << KPF_REFERENCED));
             if (!is_referenced) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -351,7 +373,7 @@
 
         vma.usage.rss += pagesz;
         vma.usage.uss += is_private ? pagesz : 0;
-        vma.usage.pss += pagesz / pg_counts[i];
+        vma.usage.pss += pagesz / cur_page_counts;
         if (is_private) {
             vma.usage.private_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
             vma.usage.private_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp
index cb3757d..1e44ff9 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
     auto rss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
         MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
         MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
-        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.rss < stats_b.pss : stats_a.pss > stats_b.pss;
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.rss < stats_b.rss : stats_a.rss > stats_b.rss;
     };
 
     auto vss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
diff --git a/libmodprobe/Android.bp b/libmodprobe/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2824d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libmodprobe",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    recovery_available: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "libmodprobe.cpp",
+        "libmodprobe_ext.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include/"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libmodprobe_tests",
+    cflags: ["-Werror"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include/"],
+    srcs: [
+        "libmodprobe_test.cpp",
+        "libmodprobe.cpp",
+        "libmodprobe_ext_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/libmodprobe/include/modprobe/modprobe.h b/libmodprobe/include/modprobe/modprobe.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ec766a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/include/modprobe/modprobe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+class Modprobe {
+  public:
+    Modprobe(const std::vector<std::string>&);
+
+    bool LoadListedModules();
+    bool LoadWithAliases(const std::string& module_name, bool strict);
+
+  private:
+    std::string MakeCanonical(const std::string& module_path);
+    bool InsmodWithDeps(const std::string& module_name);
+    bool Insmod(const std::string& path_name);
+    std::vector<std::string> GetDependencies(const std::string& module);
+    bool ModuleExists(const std::string& module_name);
+
+    bool ParseDepCallback(const std::string& base_path, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    bool ParseAliasCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    bool ParseSoftdepCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    bool ParseLoadCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    bool ParseOptionsCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    void ParseCfg(const std::string& cfg, std::function<bool(const std::vector<std::string>&)> f);
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> module_aliases_;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> module_deps_;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> module_pre_softdep_;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> module_post_softdep_;
+    std::vector<std::string> module_load_;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> module_options_;
+};
diff --git a/libmodprobe/libmodprobe.cpp b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01cf2e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
+
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+std::string Modprobe::MakeCanonical(const std::string& module_path) {
+    auto start = module_path.find_last_of('/');
+    if (start == std::string::npos) {
+        start = 0;
+    } else {
+        start += 1;
+    }
+    auto end = module_path.size();
+    if (android::base::EndsWith(module_path, ".ko")) {
+        end -= 3;
+    }
+    if ((end - start) <= 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "malformed module name: " << module_path;
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string module_name = module_path.substr(start, end - start);
+    // module names can have '-', but their file names will have '_'
+    std::replace(module_name.begin(), module_name.end(), '-', '_');
+    return module_name;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ParseDepCallback(const std::string& base_path,
+                                const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    std::vector<std::string> deps;
+    std::string prefix = "";
+
+    // Set first item as our modules path
+    std::string::size_type pos = args[0].find(':');
+    if (args[0][0] != '/') {
+        prefix = base_path + "/";
+    }
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        deps.emplace_back(prefix + args[0].substr(0, pos));
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "dependency lines must start with name followed by ':'";
+    }
+
+    // Remaining items are dependencies of our module
+    for (auto arg = args.begin() + 1; arg != args.end(); ++arg) {
+        if ((*arg)[0] != '/') {
+            prefix = base_path + "/";
+        } else {
+            prefix = "";
+        }
+        deps.push_back(prefix + *arg);
+    }
+
+    std::string canonical_name = MakeCanonical(args[0].substr(0, pos));
+    if (canonical_name.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    this->module_deps_[canonical_name] = deps;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ParseAliasCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin();
+    const std::string& type = *it++;
+
+    if (type != "alias") {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "non-alias line encountered in modules.alias, found " << type;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (args.size() != 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "alias lines in modules.alias must have 3 entries, not " << args.size();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const std::string& alias = *it++;
+    const std::string& module_name = *it++;
+    this->module_aliases_.emplace_back(alias, module_name);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ParseSoftdepCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin();
+    const std::string& type = *it++;
+    std::string state = "";
+
+    if (type != "softdep") {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "non-softdep line encountered in modules.softdep, found " << type;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (args.size() < 4) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "softdep lines in modules.softdep must have at least 4 entries";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const std::string& module = *it++;
+    while (it != args.end()) {
+        const std::string& token = *it++;
+        if (token == "pre:" || token == "post:") {
+            state = token;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (state == "") {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "malformed modules.softdep at token " << token;
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (state == "pre:") {
+            this->module_pre_softdep_.emplace_back(module, token);
+        } else {
+            this->module_post_softdep_.emplace_back(module, token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ParseLoadCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin();
+    const std::string& module = *it++;
+
+    const std::string& canonical_name = MakeCanonical(module);
+    if (canonical_name.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    this->module_load_.emplace_back(canonical_name);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ParseOptionsCallback(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin();
+    const std::string& type = *it++;
+
+    if (type != "options") {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "non-options line encountered in modules.options";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (args.size() < 2) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "lines in modules.options must have at least 2 entries, not " << args.size();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const std::string& module = *it++;
+    std::string options = "";
+
+    const std::string& canonical_name = MakeCanonical(module);
+    if (canonical_name.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    while (it != args.end()) {
+        options += *it++;
+        if (it != args.end()) {
+            options += " ";
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto [unused, inserted] = this->module_options_.emplace(canonical_name, options);
+    if (!inserted) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "multiple options lines present for module " << module;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Modprobe::ParseCfg(const std::string& cfg,
+                        std::function<bool(const std::vector<std::string>&)> f) {
+    std::string cfg_contents;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(cfg, &cfg_contents, false)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> lines = android::base::Split(cfg_contents, "\n");
+    for (const std::string line : lines) {
+        if (line.empty() || line[0] == '#') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const std::vector<std::string> args = android::base::Split(line, " ");
+        if (args.empty()) continue;
+        f(args);
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+Modprobe::Modprobe(const std::vector<std::string>& base_paths) {
+    using namespace std::placeholders;
+
+    for (const auto& base_path : base_paths) {
+        auto alias_callback = std::bind(&Modprobe::ParseAliasCallback, this, _1);
+        ParseCfg(base_path + "/modules.alias", alias_callback);
+
+        auto dep_callback = std::bind(&Modprobe::ParseDepCallback, this, base_path, _1);
+        ParseCfg(base_path + "/modules.dep", dep_callback);
+
+        auto softdep_callback = std::bind(&Modprobe::ParseSoftdepCallback, this, _1);
+        ParseCfg(base_path + "/modules.softdep", softdep_callback);
+
+        auto load_callback = std::bind(&Modprobe::ParseLoadCallback, this, _1);
+        ParseCfg(base_path + "/modules.load", load_callback);
+
+        auto options_callback = std::bind(&Modprobe::ParseOptionsCallback, this, _1);
+        ParseCfg(base_path + "/modules.options", options_callback);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Modprobe::GetDependencies(const std::string& module) {
+    auto it = module_deps_.find(module);
+    if (it == module_deps_.end()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::InsmodWithDeps(const std::string& module_name) {
+    if (module_name.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Need valid module name, given: " << module_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto dependencies = GetDependencies(module_name);
+    if (dependencies.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Module " << module_name << " not in dependency file";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // load module dependencies in reverse order
+    for (auto dep = dependencies.rbegin(); dep != dependencies.rend() - 1; ++dep) {
+        const std::string& canonical_name = MakeCanonical(*dep);
+        if (canonical_name.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!LoadWithAliases(canonical_name, true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // try to load soft pre-dependencies
+    for (const auto& [module, softdep] : module_pre_softdep_) {
+        if (module_name == module) {
+            LoadWithAliases(softdep, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // load target module itself with args
+    if (!Insmod(dependencies[0])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // try to load soft post-dependencies
+    for (const auto& [module, softdep] : module_post_softdep_) {
+        if (module_name == module) {
+            LoadWithAliases(softdep, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::LoadWithAliases(const std::string& module_name, bool strict) {
+    std::set<std::string> modules_to_load = {module_name};
+    bool module_loaded = false;
+
+    // use aliases to expand list of modules to load (multiple modules
+    // may alias themselves to the requested name)
+    for (const auto& [alias, aliased_module] : module_aliases_) {
+        if (fnmatch(alias.c_str(), module_name.c_str(), 0) != 0) continue;
+        modules_to_load.emplace(aliased_module);
+    }
+
+    // attempt to load all modules aliased to this name
+    for (const auto& module : modules_to_load) {
+        if (!ModuleExists(module)) continue;
+        if (InsmodWithDeps(module)) module_loaded = true;
+    }
+
+    if (strict && !module_loaded) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "LoadWithAliases did not find a module for " << module_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::LoadListedModules() {
+    for (const auto& module : module_load_) {
+        if (!LoadWithAliases(module, true)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext.cpp b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f3a04d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
+
+bool Modprobe::Insmod(const std::string& path_name) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path_name.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not open module '" << path_name << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string options = "";
+    auto options_iter = module_options_.find(MakeCanonical(path_name));
+    if (options_iter != module_options_.end()) {
+        options = options_iter->second;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Loading module " << path_name << " with args \"" << options << "\"";
+    int ret = syscall(__NR_finit_module, fd.get(), options.c_str(), 0);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        if (errno == EEXIST) {
+            // Module already loaded
+            return true;
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to insmod '" << path_name << "' with args '" << options << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Loaded kernel module " << path_name;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ModuleExists(const std::string& module_name) {
+    struct stat fileStat;
+    auto deps = GetDependencies(module_name);
+    if (deps.empty()) {
+        // missing deps can happen in the case of an alias
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (stat(deps.front().c_str(), &fileStat)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!S_ISREG(fileStat.st_mode)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext_test.cpp b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f073cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_ext_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
+
+#include "libmodprobe_test.h"
+
+bool Modprobe::Insmod(const std::string& path_name) {
+    auto deps = GetDependencies(MakeCanonical(path_name));
+    if (deps.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (std::find(test_modules.begin(), test_modules.end(), deps.front()) == test_modules.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (auto it = modules_loaded.begin(); it != modules_loaded.end(); ++it) {
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(*it, path_name)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    std::string options;
+    auto options_iter = module_options_.find(MakeCanonical(path_name));
+    if (options_iter != module_options_.end()) {
+        options = " " + options_iter->second;
+    }
+    modules_loaded.emplace_back(path_name + options);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Modprobe::ModuleExists(const std::string& module_name) {
+    auto deps = GetDependencies(module_name);
+    if (deps.empty()) {
+        // missing deps can happen in the case of an alias
+        return false;
+    }
+    return std::find(test_modules.begin(), test_modules.end(), deps.front()) != test_modules.end();
+}
diff --git a/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.cpp b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..481658d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <modprobe/modprobe.h>
+
+#include "libmodprobe_test.h"
+
+// Used by libmodprobe_ext_test to check if requested modules are present.
+std::vector<std::string> test_modules;
+
+// Used by libmodprobe_ext_test to report which modules would have been loaded.
+std::vector<std::string> modules_loaded;
+
+TEST(libmodprobe, Test) {
+    test_modules = {
+            "/test1.ko",  "/test2.ko",  "/test3.ko",  "/test4.ko",  "/test5.ko",
+            "/test6.ko",  "/test7.ko",  "/test8.ko",  "/test9.ko",  "/test10.ko",
+            "/test11.ko", "/test12.ko", "/test13.ko", "/test14.ko", "/test15.ko",
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_modules_loaded = {
+            "/test14.ko",
+            "/test15.ko",
+            "/test3.ko",
+            "/test4.ko",
+            "/test1.ko",
+            "/test6.ko",
+            "/test2.ko",
+            "/test5.ko",
+            "/test8.ko",
+            "/test7.ko param1=4",
+            "/test9.ko param_x=1 param_y=2 param_z=3",
+            "/test10.ko",
+            "/test12.ko",
+            "/test11.ko",
+            "/test13.ko",
+    };
+
+    const std::string modules_dep =
+            "test1.ko:\n"
+            "test2.ko:\n"
+            "test3.ko:\n"
+            "test4.ko: test3.ko\n"
+            "test5.ko: test2.ko test6.ko\n"
+            "test6.ko:\n"
+            "test7.ko:\n"
+            "test8.ko:\n"
+            "test9.ko:\n"
+            "test10.ko:\n"
+            "test11.ko:\n"
+            "test12.ko:\n"
+            "test13.ko:\n"
+            "test14.ko:\n"
+            "test15.ko:\n";
+
+    const std::string modules_softdep =
+            "softdep test7 pre: test8\n"
+            "softdep test9 post: test10\n"
+            "softdep test11 pre: test12 post: test13\n"
+            "softdep test3 pre: test141516\n";
+
+    const std::string modules_alias =
+            "# Aliases extracted from modules themselves.\n"
+            "\n"
+            "alias test141516 test14\n"
+            "alias test141516 test15\n"
+            "alias test141516 test16\n";
+
+    const std::string modules_options =
+            "options test7.ko param1=4\n"
+            "options test9.ko param_x=1 param_y=2 param_z=3\n"
+            "options test100.ko param_1=1\n";
+
+    const std::string modules_load =
+            "test4.ko\n"
+            "test1.ko\n"
+            "test3.ko\n"
+            "test5.ko\n"
+            "test7.ko\n"
+            "test9.ko\n"
+            "test11.ko\n";
+
+    TemporaryDir dir;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+            modules_alias, std::string(dir.path) + "/modules.alias", 0600, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+            modules_dep, std::string(dir.path) + "/modules.dep", 0600, getuid(), getgid()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+            modules_softdep, std::string(dir.path) + "/modules.softdep", 0600, getuid(), getgid()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+            modules_options, std::string(dir.path) + "/modules.options", 0600, getuid(), getgid()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+            modules_load, std::string(dir.path) + "/modules.load", 0600, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+    for (auto i = test_modules.begin(); i != test_modules.end(); ++i) {
+        *i = dir.path + *i;
+    }
+
+    Modprobe m({dir.path});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.LoadListedModules());
+
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Expected modules loaded (in order):";
+    for (auto i = expected_modules_loaded.begin(); i != expected_modules_loaded.end(); ++i) {
+        *i = dir.path + *i;
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "\"" << *i << "\"";
+    }
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Actual modules loaded (in order):";
+    for (auto i = modules_loaded.begin(); i != modules_loaded.end(); ++i) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "\"" << *i << "\"";
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(modules_loaded == expected_modules_loaded);
+}
diff --git a/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.h b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a001b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmodprobe/libmodprobe_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+extern std::vector<std::string> test_modules;
+extern std::vector<std::string> modules_loaded;
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.cpp b/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.cpp
index 9797d76..20ae2be 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.cpp
@@ -67,11 +67,14 @@
     return controller_ != nullptr;
 }
 
-bool CgroupController::IsUsable() const {
+bool CgroupController::IsUsable() {
     if (!HasValue()) return false;
 
-    static bool enabled = (access(GetProcsFilePath("", 0, 0).c_str(), F_OK) == 0);
-    return enabled;
+    if (state_ == UNKNOWN) {
+        state_ = access(GetProcsFilePath("", 0, 0).c_str(), F_OK) == 0 ? USABLE : MISSING;
+    }
+
+    return state_ == USABLE;
 }
 
 std::string CgroupController::GetTasksFilePath(const std::string& rel_path) const {
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.h b/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.h
index 9350412..427d71b 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/cgroup_map.h
@@ -31,20 +31,28 @@
 class CgroupController {
   public:
     // Does not own controller
-    explicit CgroupController(const ACgroupController* controller) : controller_(controller) {}
+    explicit CgroupController(const ACgroupController* controller)
+        : controller_(controller), state_(UNKNOWN) {}
 
     uint32_t version() const;
     const char* name() const;
     const char* path() const;
 
     bool HasValue() const;
-    bool IsUsable() const;
+    bool IsUsable();
 
     std::string GetTasksFilePath(const std::string& path) const;
     std::string GetProcsFilePath(const std::string& path, uid_t uid, pid_t pid) const;
     bool GetTaskGroup(int tid, std::string* group) const;
   private:
+    enum ControllerState {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        USABLE = 1,
+        MISSING = 2,
+    };
+
     const ACgroupController* controller_ = nullptr;
+    ControllerState state_;
 };
 
 class CgroupMap {
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
index 7e6bf45..f73ec2d 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@
 
 bool UsePerAppMemcg();
 
+// Drop the fd cache of cgroup path. It is used for when resource caching is enabled and a process
+// loses the access to the path, the access checking (See SetCgroupAction::EnableResourceCaching)
+// should be active again. E.g. Zygote specialization for child process.
+void DropTaskProfilesResourceCaching();
+
 // Return 0 and removes the cgroup if there are no longer any processes in it.
 // Returns -1 in the case of an error occurring or if there are processes still running
 // even after retrying for up to 200ms.
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index d3ac26b..7c191be 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@
     return memcg_supported;
 }
 
+void DropTaskProfilesResourceCaching() {
+    TaskProfiles::GetInstance().DropResourceCaching();
+}
+
 bool SetProcessProfiles(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, const std::vector<std::string>& profiles,
                         bool use_fd_cache) {
     const TaskProfiles& tp = TaskProfiles::GetInstance();
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.cpp b/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.cpp
index edc316a..aee5f0c 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.cpp
@@ -173,6 +173,15 @@
     fd_ = std::move(fd);
 }
 
+void SetCgroupAction::DropResourceCaching() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(fd_mutex_);
+    if (fd_ == FDS_NOT_CACHED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fd_.reset(FDS_NOT_CACHED);
+}
+
 bool SetCgroupAction::AddTidToCgroup(int tid, int fd) {
     if (tid <= 0) {
         return true;
@@ -292,6 +301,24 @@
     res_cached_ = true;
 }
 
+void TaskProfile::DropResourceCaching() {
+    if (!res_cached_) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& element : elements_) {
+        element->DropResourceCaching();
+    }
+
+    res_cached_ = false;
+}
+
+void TaskProfiles::DropResourceCaching() const {
+    for (auto& iter : profiles_) {
+        iter.second->DropResourceCaching();
+    }
+}
+
 TaskProfiles& TaskProfiles::GetInstance() {
     // Deliberately leak this object to avoid a race between destruction on
     // process exit and concurrent access from another thread.
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.h b/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.h
index 77bac2d..891d5b5 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/task_profiles.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
     virtual bool ExecuteForTask(int) const { return false; };
 
     virtual void EnableResourceCaching() {}
+    virtual void DropResourceCaching() {}
 };
 
 // Profile actions
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@
     virtual bool ExecuteForProcess(uid_t uid, pid_t pid) const;
     virtual bool ExecuteForTask(int tid) const;
     virtual void EnableResourceCaching();
+    virtual void DropResourceCaching();
 
     const CgroupController* controller() const { return &controller_; }
     std::string path() const { return path_; }
@@ -145,6 +147,7 @@
     bool ExecuteForProcess(uid_t uid, pid_t pid) const;
     bool ExecuteForTask(int tid) const;
     void EnableResourceCaching();
+    void DropResourceCaching();
 
   private:
     bool res_cached_;
@@ -158,6 +161,7 @@
 
     TaskProfile* GetProfile(const std::string& name) const;
     const ProfileAttribute* GetAttribute(const std::string& name) const;
+    void DropResourceCaching() const;
 
   private:
     std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<TaskProfile>> profiles_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index 1c0f1e6..5b30a4d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
 
 std::string MapInfo::GetBuildID() {
   uintptr_t id = build_id.load();
-  if (build_id != 0) {
+  if (id != 0) {
     return *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
   }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
index 5f3d1ea..7b1dd92 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, (*exidx_->regs())[15]);
 }
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(, ArmExidxDecodeTest,
-                        ::testing::Values("logging", "register_logging", "no_logging"));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(, ArmExidxDecodeTest,
+                         ::testing::Values("logging", "register_logging", "no_logging"));
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
index bb2e8f0..9dd0cdd 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
   DwarfCie cie_;
   DwarfFde fde_;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfCfaLogTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfCfaLogTest);
 
 // NOTE: All class variable references have to be prefaced with this->.
 
@@ -763,17 +763,17 @@
   ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfCfaLogTest, cfa_illegal, cfa_nop, cfa_offset, cfa_offset_extended,
-                           cfa_offset_extended_sf, cfa_restore, cfa_restore_extended, cfa_set_loc,
-                           cfa_advance_loc, cfa_advance_loc1, cfa_advance_loc2, cfa_advance_loc4,
-                           cfa_undefined, cfa_same, cfa_register, cfa_state,
-                           cfa_state_cfa_offset_restore, cfa_def_cfa, cfa_def_cfa_sf,
-                           cfa_def_cfa_register, cfa_def_cfa_offset, cfa_def_cfa_offset_sf,
-                           cfa_def_cfa_expression, cfa_expression, cfa_val_offset,
-                           cfa_val_offset_sf, cfa_val_expression, cfa_gnu_args_size,
-                           cfa_gnu_negative_offset_extended, cfa_register_override);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfCfaLogTest, cfa_illegal, cfa_nop, cfa_offset, cfa_offset_extended,
+                            cfa_offset_extended_sf, cfa_restore, cfa_restore_extended, cfa_set_loc,
+                            cfa_advance_loc, cfa_advance_loc1, cfa_advance_loc2, cfa_advance_loc4,
+                            cfa_undefined, cfa_same, cfa_register, cfa_state,
+                            cfa_state_cfa_offset_restore, cfa_def_cfa, cfa_def_cfa_sf,
+                            cfa_def_cfa_register, cfa_def_cfa_offset, cfa_def_cfa_offset_sf,
+                            cfa_def_cfa_expression, cfa_expression, cfa_val_offset,
+                            cfa_val_offset_sf, cfa_val_expression, cfa_gnu_args_size,
+                            cfa_gnu_negative_offset_extended, cfa_register_override);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfCfaLogTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfCfaLogTest, DwarfCfaLogTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfCfaLogTest, DwarfCfaLogTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
index 7395b04..dd71490 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
   DwarfCie cie_;
   DwarfFde fde_;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfCfaTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfCfaTest);
 
 // NOTE: All test class variables need to be referenced as this->.
 
@@ -952,16 +952,17 @@
   ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfCfaTest, cfa_illegal, cfa_nop, cfa_offset, cfa_offset_extended,
-                           cfa_offset_extended_sf, cfa_restore, cfa_restore_extended, cfa_set_loc,
-                           cfa_advance_loc1, cfa_advance_loc2, cfa_advance_loc4, cfa_undefined,
-                           cfa_same, cfa_register, cfa_state, cfa_state_cfa_offset_restore,
-                           cfa_def_cfa, cfa_def_cfa_sf, cfa_def_cfa_register, cfa_def_cfa_offset,
-                           cfa_def_cfa_offset_sf, cfa_def_cfa_expression, cfa_expression,
-                           cfa_val_offset, cfa_val_offset_sf, cfa_val_expression, cfa_gnu_args_size,
-                           cfa_gnu_negative_offset_extended, cfa_register_override);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfCfaTest, cfa_illegal, cfa_nop, cfa_offset, cfa_offset_extended,
+                            cfa_offset_extended_sf, cfa_restore, cfa_restore_extended, cfa_set_loc,
+                            cfa_advance_loc1, cfa_advance_loc2, cfa_advance_loc4, cfa_undefined,
+                            cfa_same, cfa_register, cfa_state, cfa_state_cfa_offset_restore,
+                            cfa_def_cfa, cfa_def_cfa_sf, cfa_def_cfa_register, cfa_def_cfa_offset,
+                            cfa_def_cfa_offset_sf, cfa_def_cfa_expression, cfa_expression,
+                            cfa_val_offset, cfa_val_offset_sf, cfa_val_expression,
+                            cfa_gnu_args_size, cfa_gnu_negative_offset_extended,
+                            cfa_register_override);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfCfaTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfCfaTest, DwarfCfaTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfCfaTest, DwarfCfaTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
index 120bd73..2b36f17 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
   MemoryFake memory_;
   DwarfDebugFrame<TypeParam>* debug_frame_ = nullptr;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfDebugFrameTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfDebugFrameTest);
 
 // NOTE: All test class variables need to be referenced as this->.
 
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0xb50U, fde->pc_end);
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(
     DwarfDebugFrameTest, GetFdes32, GetFdes32_after_GetFdeFromPc, GetFdes32_not_in_section,
     GetFdeFromPc32, GetFdeFromPc32_reverse, GetFdeFromPc32_not_in_section, GetFdes64,
     GetFdes64_after_GetFdeFromPc, GetFdes64_not_in_section, GetFdeFromPc64, GetFdeFromPc64_reverse,
@@ -825,6 +825,6 @@
     GetFdeFromOffset64_lsda_address, GetFdeFromPc_interleaved);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfDebugFrameTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfDebugFrameTest, DwarfDebugFrameTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfDebugFrameTest, DwarfDebugFrameTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
index 9cac6e8..4792fb5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   MemoryFake memory_;
   DwarfEhFrame<TypeParam>* eh_frame_ = nullptr;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfEhFrameTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfEhFrameTest);
 
 // NOTE: All test class variables need to be referenced as this->.
 
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, cie->return_address_register);
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfEhFrameTest, GetFdeCieFromOffset32, GetFdeCieFromOffset64);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfEhFrameTest, GetFdeCieFromOffset32, GetFdeCieFromOffset64);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfEhFrameTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfEhFrameTest, DwarfEhFrameTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfEhFrameTest, DwarfEhFrameTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest.cpp
index be9e721..78608e3 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
   MemoryFake memory_;
   TestDwarfEhFrameWithHdr<TypeParam>* eh_frame_ = nullptr;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest);
 
 // NOTE: All test class variables need to be referenced as this->.
 
@@ -446,14 +446,14 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, this->eh_frame_->GetFdeFromPc(0x800));
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest, Init, Init_non_zero_load_bias, GetFdes,
-                           GetFdeInfoFromIndex_expect_cache_fail, GetFdeInfoFromIndex_read_pcrel,
-                           GetFdeInfoFromIndex_read_datarel, GetFdeInfoFromIndex_cached,
-                           GetFdeOffsetFromPc_verify, GetFdeOffsetFromPc_index_fail,
-                           GetFdeOffsetFromPc_fail_fde_count, GetFdeOffsetFromPc_search,
-                           GetCieFde32, GetCieFde64, GetFdeFromPc_fde_not_found);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest, Init, Init_non_zero_load_bias, GetFdes,
+                            GetFdeInfoFromIndex_expect_cache_fail, GetFdeInfoFromIndex_read_pcrel,
+                            GetFdeInfoFromIndex_read_datarel, GetFdeInfoFromIndex_cached,
+                            GetFdeOffsetFromPc_verify, GetFdeOffsetFromPc_index_fail,
+                            GetFdeOffsetFromPc_fail_fde_count, GetFdeOffsetFromPc_search,
+                            GetCieFde32, GetCieFde64, GetFdeFromPc_fde_not_found);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest, DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTest, DwarfEhFrameWithHdrTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
index 3f09dd8..f4ade5d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> mem_;
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfOp<TypeParam>> op_;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpLogTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfOpLogTest);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpLogTest, multiple_ops) {
   // Multi operation opcodes.
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(expected, lines);
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpLogTest, multiple_ops);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfOpLogTest, multiple_ops);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpLogTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpLogTest, DwarfOpLogTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfOpLogTest, DwarfOpLogTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
index d424d5f..0898ec0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> mem_;
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfOp<TypeParam>> op_;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfOpTest);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, decode) {
   // Memory error.
@@ -1571,15 +1571,16 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(this->op_->dex_pc_set());
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpTest, decode, eval, illegal_opcode, not_implemented, op_addr,
-                           op_deref, op_deref_size, const_unsigned, const_signed, const_uleb,
-                           const_sleb, op_dup, op_drop, op_over, op_pick, op_swap, op_rot, op_abs,
-                           op_and, op_div, op_minus, op_mod, op_mul, op_neg, op_not, op_or, op_plus,
-                           op_plus_uconst, op_shl, op_shr, op_shra, op_xor, op_bra,
-                           compare_opcode_stack_error, compare_opcodes, op_skip, op_lit, op_reg,
-                           op_regx, op_breg, op_breg_invalid_register, op_bregx, op_nop, is_dex_pc);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfOpTest, decode, eval, illegal_opcode, not_implemented, op_addr,
+                            op_deref, op_deref_size, const_unsigned, const_signed, const_uleb,
+                            const_sleb, op_dup, op_drop, op_over, op_pick, op_swap, op_rot, op_abs,
+                            op_and, op_div, op_minus, op_mod, op_mul, op_neg, op_not, op_or,
+                            op_plus, op_plus_uconst, op_shl, op_shr, op_shra, op_xor, op_bra,
+                            compare_opcode_stack_error, compare_opcodes, op_skip, op_lit, op_reg,
+                            op_regx, op_breg, op_breg_invalid_register, op_bregx, op_nop,
+                            is_dex_pc);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpTest, DwarfOpTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfOpTest, DwarfOpTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
index 46f555a..b386ef4 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
   MemoryFake memory_;
   TestDwarfSectionImpl<TypeParam>* section_ = nullptr;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfSectionImplTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfSectionImplTest);
 
 // NOTE: All test class variables need to be referenced as this->.
 
@@ -571,18 +571,18 @@
   ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfSectionImplTest, GetCieFromOffset_fail_should_not_cache,
-                           GetFdeFromOffset_fail_should_not_cache, Eval_cfa_expr_eval_fail,
-                           Eval_cfa_expr_no_stack, Eval_cfa_expr_is_register, Eval_cfa_expr,
-                           Eval_cfa_val_expr, Eval_bad_regs, Eval_no_cfa, Eval_cfa_bad,
-                           Eval_cfa_register_prev, Eval_cfa_register_from_value,
-                           Eval_double_indirection, Eval_register_reference_chain, Eval_dex_pc,
-                           Eval_invalid_register, Eval_different_reg_locations,
-                           Eval_return_address_undefined, Eval_pc_zero, Eval_return_address,
-                           Eval_ignore_large_reg_loc, Eval_reg_expr, Eval_reg_val_expr,
-                           GetCfaLocationInfo_cie_not_cached, GetCfaLocationInfo_cie_cached, Log);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DwarfSectionImplTest, GetCieFromOffset_fail_should_not_cache,
+                            GetFdeFromOffset_fail_should_not_cache, Eval_cfa_expr_eval_fail,
+                            Eval_cfa_expr_no_stack, Eval_cfa_expr_is_register, Eval_cfa_expr,
+                            Eval_cfa_val_expr, Eval_bad_regs, Eval_no_cfa, Eval_cfa_bad,
+                            Eval_cfa_register_prev, Eval_cfa_register_from_value,
+                            Eval_double_indirection, Eval_register_reference_chain, Eval_dex_pc,
+                            Eval_invalid_register, Eval_different_reg_locations,
+                            Eval_return_address_undefined, Eval_pc_zero, Eval_return_address,
+                            Eval_ignore_large_reg_loc, Eval_reg_expr, Eval_reg_val_expr,
+                            GetCfaLocationInfo_cie_not_cached, GetCfaLocationInfo_cie_cached, Log);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfSectionImplTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfSectionImplTest, DwarfSectionImplTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, DwarfSectionImplTest, DwarfSectionImplTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
index 07fd6f6..5735858 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 class ElfCacheTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  static void SetUpTestCase() { memory_.reset(new MemoryFake); }
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() { memory_.reset(new MemoryFake); }
 
   void SetUp() override { Elf::SetCachingEnabled(true); }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
index 6be8bdc..5b4ca7c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
   }
 
-  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(12288, 0);
     memcpy(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
     buffer[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineBufferTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineBufferTest.cpp
index c62c53d..9531708 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineBufferTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineBufferTest.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     memory_.reset(new MemoryOfflineBuffer(buffer_.data(), kStart, kEnd));
   }
 
-  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     buffer_.resize(kLength);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
       buffer_[i] = i % 189;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsIterateTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsIterateTest.cpp
index 9a27dbd..7e36953 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsIterateTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsIterateTest.cpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
 }
 
 using RegTypes = ::testing::Types<RegsArm, RegsArm64, RegsX86, RegsX86_64, RegsMips, RegsMips64>;
-TYPED_TEST_CASE(RegsIterateTest, RegTypes);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(RegsIterateTest, RegTypes);
 
 TYPED_TEST(RegsIterateTest, iterate) {
   std::vector<Register> expected = ExpectedRegisters<TypeParam>();
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
index b40a253..ae3c349 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 
   MemoryFake memory_;
 };
-TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(SymbolsTest);
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(SymbolsTest);
 
 TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, function_bounds_check) {
   Symbols symbols(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam), sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x100);
@@ -362,11 +362,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(4U, offset);
 }
 
-REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(SymbolsTest, function_bounds_check, no_symbol, multiple_entries,
-                           multiple_entries_nonstandard_size, symtab_value_out_of_bounds,
-                           symtab_read_cached, get_global);
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(SymbolsTest, function_bounds_check, no_symbol, multiple_entries,
+                            multiple_entries_nonstandard_size, symtab_value_out_of_bounds,
+                            symtab_read_cached, get_global);
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<Elf32_Sym, Elf64_Sym> SymbolsTestTypes;
-INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, SymbolsTest, SymbolsTestTypes);
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(, SymbolsTest, SymbolsTestTypes);
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
index 1463167..ef1950c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+  static void SetUpTestSuite() {
     maps_.reset(new Maps);
 
     ElfFake* elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
diff --git a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
index 463851c..e3ac114 100644
--- a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
@@ -36,30 +36,6 @@
   kCompressDeflated = 8,  // standard deflate
 };
 
-// TODO: remove this when everyone's moved over to std::string.
-struct ZipString {
-  const uint8_t* name;
-  uint16_t name_length;
-
-  ZipString() {}
-
-  explicit ZipString(std::string_view entry_name);
-
-  bool operator==(const ZipString& rhs) const {
-    return name && (name_length == rhs.name_length) && (memcmp(name, rhs.name, name_length) == 0);
-  }
-
-  bool StartsWith(const ZipString& prefix) const {
-    return name && (name_length >= prefix.name_length) &&
-           (memcmp(name, prefix.name, prefix.name_length) == 0);
-  }
-
-  bool EndsWith(const ZipString& suffix) const {
-    return name && (name_length >= suffix.name_length) &&
-           (memcmp(name + name_length - suffix.name_length, suffix.name, suffix.name_length) == 0);
-  }
-};
-
 /*
  * Represents information about a zip entry in a zip file.
  */
@@ -191,8 +167,6 @@
  */
 int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, std::string* name);
 int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, std::string_view* name);
-// TODO: remove this when everyone's moved over to std::string/std::string_view.
-int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, ZipString* name);
 
 /*
  * End iteration over all entries of a zip file and frees the memory allocated
diff --git a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
index bd44fdb..a2a0dbf 100644
--- a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@
    * Subsequent calls to WriteBytes(const void*, size_t) will add data to this entry.
    * Returns 0 on success, and an error value < 0 on failure.
    */
-  int32_t StartEntry(const char* path, size_t flags);
+  int32_t StartEntry(std::string_view path, size_t flags);
 
   /**
    * Starts a new zip entry with the given path and flags, where the
@@ -111,17 +112,17 @@
    * Subsequent calls to WriteBytes(const void*, size_t) will add data to this entry.
    * Returns 0 on success, and an error value < 0 on failure.
    */
-  int32_t StartAlignedEntry(const char* path, size_t flags, uint32_t alignment);
+  int32_t StartAlignedEntry(std::string_view path, size_t flags, uint32_t alignment);
 
   /**
    * Same as StartEntry(const char*, size_t), but sets a last modified time for the entry.
    */
-  int32_t StartEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time);
+  int32_t StartEntryWithTime(std::string_view path, size_t flags, time_t time);
 
   /**
    * Same as StartAlignedEntry(const char*, size_t), but sets a last modified time for the entry.
    */
-  int32_t StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time, uint32_t alignment);
+  int32_t StartAlignedEntryWithTime(std::string_view path, size_t flags, time_t time, uint32_t alignment);
 
   /**
    * Writes bytes to the zip file for the previously started zip entry.
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
index e966295..c95b035 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>  // TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY may or may not be in unistd
 #include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
 #include <android-base/memory.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/utf8.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include "zlib.h"
@@ -101,25 +102,8 @@
   return val;
 }
 
-static uint32_t ComputeHash(const ZipString& name) {
-  return static_cast<uint32_t>(std::hash<std::string_view>{}(
-      std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name.name), name.name_length)));
-}
-
-static bool isZipStringEqual(const uint8_t* start, const ZipString& zip_string,
-                             const ZipStringOffset& zip_string_offset) {
-  const ZipString from_offset = zip_string_offset.GetZipString(start);
-  return from_offset == zip_string;
-}
-
-/**
- * Returns offset of ZipString#name from the start of the central directory in the memory map.
- * For valid ZipStrings contained in the zip archive mmap, 0 < offset < 0xffffff.
- */
-static inline uint32_t GetOffset(const uint8_t* name, const uint8_t* start) {
-  CHECK_GT(name, start);
-  CHECK_LT(name, start + 0xffffff);
-  return static_cast<uint32_t>(name - start);
+static uint32_t ComputeHash(std::string_view name) {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(std::hash<std::string_view>{}(name));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -127,19 +111,19 @@
  * valid range.
  */
 static int64_t EntryToIndex(const ZipStringOffset* hash_table, const uint32_t hash_table_size,
-                            const ZipString& name, const uint8_t* start) {
+                            std::string_view name, const uint8_t* start) {
   const uint32_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
 
   // NOTE: (hash_table_size - 1) is guaranteed to be non-negative.
   uint32_t ent = hash & (hash_table_size - 1);
   while (hash_table[ent].name_offset != 0) {
-    if (isZipStringEqual(start, name, hash_table[ent])) {
+    if (hash_table[ent].ToStringView(start) == name) {
       return ent;
     }
     ent = (ent + 1) & (hash_table_size - 1);
   }
 
-  ALOGV("Zip: Unable to find entry %.*s", name.name_length, name.name);
+  ALOGV("Zip: Unable to find entry %.*s", static_cast<int>(name.size()), name.data());
   return kEntryNotFound;
 }
 
@@ -147,7 +131,7 @@
  * Add a new entry to the hash table.
  */
 static int32_t AddToHash(ZipStringOffset* hash_table, const uint32_t hash_table_size,
-                         const ZipString& name, const uint8_t* start) {
+                         std::string_view name, const uint8_t* start) {
   const uint64_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
   uint32_t ent = hash & (hash_table_size - 1);
 
@@ -156,15 +140,18 @@
    * Further, we guarantee that the hashtable size is not 0.
    */
   while (hash_table[ent].name_offset != 0) {
-    if (isZipStringEqual(start, name, hash_table[ent])) {
-      // We've found a duplicate entry. We don't accept it
-      ALOGW("Zip: Found duplicate entry %.*s", name.name_length, name.name);
+    if (hash_table[ent].ToStringView(start) == name) {
+      // We've found a duplicate entry. We don't accept duplicates.
+      ALOGW("Zip: Found duplicate entry %.*s", static_cast<int>(name.size()), name.data());
       return kDuplicateEntry;
     }
     ent = (ent + 1) & (hash_table_size - 1);
   }
-  hash_table[ent].name_offset = GetOffset(name.name, start);
-  hash_table[ent].name_length = name.name_length;
+
+  // `name` has already been validated before entry.
+  const char* start_char = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(start);
+  hash_table[ent].name_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(name.data() - start_char);
+  hash_table[ent].name_length = static_cast<uint16_t>(name.size());
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -366,7 +353,7 @@
       reinterpret_cast<ZipStringOffset*>(calloc(archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipStringOffset)));
   if (archive->hash_table == nullptr) {
     ALOGW("Zip: unable to allocate the %u-entry hash_table, entry size: %zu",
-          archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipString));
+          archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipStringOffset));
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -404,21 +391,19 @@
     const uint8_t* file_name = ptr + sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord);
 
     if (file_name + file_name_length > cd_end) {
-      ALOGW(
-          "Zip: file name boundary exceeds the central directory range, file_name_length: "
-          "%" PRIx16 ", cd_length: %zu",
-          file_name_length, cd_length);
+      ALOGW("Zip: file name for entry %" PRIu16
+            " exceeds the central directory range, file_name_length: %" PRIu16 ", cd_length: %zu",
+            i, file_name_length, cd_length);
       return -1;
     }
-    /* check that file name is valid UTF-8 and doesn't contain NUL (U+0000) characters */
+    // Check that file name is valid UTF-8 and doesn't contain NUL (U+0000) characters.
     if (!IsValidEntryName(file_name, file_name_length)) {
+      ALOGW("Zip: invalid file name at entry %" PRIu16, i);
       return -1;
     }
 
-    /* add the CDE filename to the hash table */
-    ZipString entry_name;
-    entry_name.name = file_name;
-    entry_name.name_length = file_name_length;
+    // Add the CDE filename to the hash table.
+    std::string_view entry_name{reinterpret_cast<const char*>(file_name), file_name_length};
     const int add_result = AddToHash(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entry_name,
                                      archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
     if (add_result != 0) {
@@ -539,15 +524,13 @@
   // Recover the start of the central directory entry from the filename
   // pointer.  The filename is the first entry past the fixed-size data,
   // so we can just subtract back from that.
-  const ZipString from_offset =
-      archive->hash_table[ent].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
-  const uint8_t* ptr = from_offset.name;
+  const uint8_t* base_ptr = archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr();
+  const uint8_t* ptr = base_ptr + archive->hash_table[ent].name_offset;
   ptr -= sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord);
 
   // This is the base of our mmapped region, we have to sanity check that
   // the name that's in the hash table is a pointer to a location within
   // this mapped region.
-  const uint8_t* base_ptr = archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr();
   if (ptr < base_ptr || ptr > base_ptr + archive->central_directory.GetMapLength()) {
     ALOGW("Zip: Invalid entry pointer");
     return kInvalidOffset;
@@ -639,26 +622,24 @@
 
   // Check that the local file header name matches the declared
   // name in the central directory.
-  if (lfh->file_name_length == nameLen) {
-    const off64_t name_offset = local_header_offset + sizeof(LocalFileHeader);
-    if (name_offset + lfh->file_name_length > cd_offset) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: Invalid declared length");
-      return kInvalidOffset;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> name_buf(nameLen);
-    if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(name_buf.data(), nameLen, name_offset)) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: failed reading lfh name from offset %" PRId64, static_cast<int64_t>(name_offset));
-      return kIoError;
-    }
-    const ZipString from_offset =
-        archive->hash_table[ent].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
-    if (memcmp(from_offset.name, name_buf.data(), nameLen)) {
-      return kInconsistentInformation;
-    }
-
-  } else {
-    ALOGW("Zip: lfh name did not match central directory.");
+  if (lfh->file_name_length != nameLen) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: lfh name length did not match central directory");
+    return kInconsistentInformation;
+  }
+  const off64_t name_offset = local_header_offset + sizeof(LocalFileHeader);
+  if (name_offset + lfh->file_name_length > cd_offset) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: lfh name has invalid declared length");
+    return kInvalidOffset;
+  }
+  std::vector<uint8_t> name_buf(nameLen);
+  if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(name_buf.data(), nameLen, name_offset)) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: failed reading lfh name from offset %" PRId64, static_cast<int64_t>(name_offset));
+    return kIoError;
+  }
+  const std::string_view entry_name =
+      archive->hash_table[ent].ToStringView(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+  if (memcmp(entry_name.data(), name_buf.data(), nameLen) != 0) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: lfh name did not match central directory");
     return kInconsistentInformation;
   }
 
@@ -691,21 +672,13 @@
 struct IterationHandle {
   ZipArchive* archive;
 
-  std::string prefix_holder;
-  ZipString prefix;
-
-  std::string suffix_holder;
-  ZipString suffix;
+  std::string prefix;
+  std::string suffix;
 
   uint32_t position = 0;
 
-  IterationHandle(ZipArchive* archive, const std::string_view in_prefix,
-                  const std::string_view in_suffix)
-      : archive(archive),
-        prefix_holder(in_prefix),
-        prefix(prefix_holder),
-        suffix_holder(in_suffix),
-        suffix(suffix_holder) {}
+  IterationHandle(ZipArchive* archive, std::string_view in_prefix, std::string_view in_suffix)
+      : archive(archive), prefix(in_prefix), suffix(in_suffix) {}
 };
 
 int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle archive, void** cookie_ptr,
@@ -737,8 +710,8 @@
     return kInvalidEntryName;
   }
 
-  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size,
-                                   ZipString(entryName), archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entryName,
+                                   archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
   if (ent < 0) {
     ALOGV("Zip: Could not find entry %.*s", static_cast<int>(entryName.size()), entryName.data());
     return static_cast<int32_t>(ent);  // kEntryNotFound is safe to truncate.
@@ -757,15 +730,6 @@
 }
 
 int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, std::string_view* name) {
-  ZipString zs;
-  int32_t result = Next(cookie, data, &zs);
-  if (result == 0 && name) {
-    *name = std::string_view(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(zs.name), zs.name_length);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, ZipString* name) {
   IterationHandle* handle = reinterpret_cast<IterationHandle*>(cookie);
   if (handle == NULL) {
     ALOGW("Zip: Null ZipArchiveHandle");
@@ -782,16 +746,14 @@
   const uint32_t hash_table_length = archive->hash_table_size;
   const ZipStringOffset* hash_table = archive->hash_table;
   for (uint32_t i = currentOffset; i < hash_table_length; ++i) {
-    const ZipString from_offset =
-        hash_table[i].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
-    if (hash_table[i].name_offset != 0 &&
-        (handle->prefix.name_length == 0 || from_offset.StartsWith(handle->prefix)) &&
-        (handle->suffix.name_length == 0 || from_offset.EndsWith(handle->suffix))) {
+    const std::string_view entry_name =
+        hash_table[i].ToStringView(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+    if (hash_table[i].name_offset != 0 && (android::base::StartsWith(entry_name, handle->prefix) &&
+                                           android::base::EndsWith(entry_name, handle->suffix))) {
       handle->position = (i + 1);
       const int error = FindEntry(archive, i, data);
-      if (!error) {
-        name->name = from_offset.name;
-        name->name_length = hash_table[i].name_length;
+      if (!error && name) {
+        *name = entry_name;
       }
       return error;
     }
@@ -1159,13 +1121,6 @@
   return archive->mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor();
 }
 
-ZipString::ZipString(std::string_view entry_name)
-    : name(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(entry_name.data())) {
-  size_t len = entry_name.size();
-  CHECK_LE(len, static_cast<size_t>(UINT16_MAX));
-  name_length = static_cast<uint16_t>(len);
-}
-
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
 class ProcessWriter : public zip_archive::Writer {
  public:
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_benchmark.cpp b/libziparchive/zip_archive_benchmark.cpp
index 23ed408..09d3b8a 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_benchmark.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
   std::string_view name("thisFileNameDoesNotExist");
 
   // Start the benchmark.
-  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  for (auto _ : state) {
     OpenArchive(temp_file->path, &handle);
     FindEntry(handle, name, &data);
     CloseArchive(handle);
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
   ZipEntry data;
   std::string name;
 
-  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+  for (auto _ : state) {
     OpenArchive(temp_file->path, &handle);
     StartIteration(handle, &iteration_cookie);
     while (Next(iteration_cookie, &data, &name) == 0) {
@@ -84,4 +84,27 @@
 }
 BENCHMARK(Iterate_all_files);
 
+static void StartAlignedEntry(benchmark::State& state) {
+  TemporaryFile file;
+  FILE* fp = fdopen(file.fd, "w");
+
+  ZipWriter writer(fp);
+
+  auto alignment = uint32_t(state.range(0));
+  std::string name = "name";
+  int counter = 0;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    writer.StartAlignedEntry(name + std::to_string(counter++), 0, alignment);
+    state.PauseTiming();
+    writer.WriteBytes("hola", 4);
+    writer.FinishEntry();
+    state.ResumeTiming();
+  }
+
+  writer.Finish();
+  fclose(fp);
+}
+BENCHMARK(StartAlignedEntry)->Arg(2)->Arg(16)->Arg(1024)->Arg(4096);
+
+
 BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
index 330a02a..30a1d72 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
@@ -137,22 +137,22 @@
 };
 
 /**
- * More space efficient string representation of strings in an mmaped zipped file than
- * std::string_view or ZipString. Using ZipString as an entry in the ZipArchive hashtable wastes
- * space. ZipString stores a pointer to a string (on 64 bit, 8 bytes) and the length to read from
- * that pointer, 2 bytes. Because of alignment, the structure consumes 16 bytes, wasting 6 bytes.
- * ZipStringOffset stores a 4 byte offset from a fixed location in the memory mapped file instead
- * of the entire address, consuming 8 bytes with alignment.
+ * More space efficient string representation of strings in an mmaped zipped
+ * file than std::string_view. Using std::string_view as an entry in the
+ * ZipArchive hash table wastes space. std::string_view stores a pointer to a
+ * string (on 64 bit, 8 bytes) and the length to read from that pointer,
+ * 2 bytes. Because of alignment, the structure consumes 16 bytes, wasting
+ * 6 bytes.
+ *
+ * ZipStringOffset stores a 4 byte offset from a fixed location in the memory
+ * mapped file instead of the entire address, consuming 8 bytes with alignment.
  */
 struct ZipStringOffset {
   uint32_t name_offset;
   uint16_t name_length;
 
-  const ZipString GetZipString(const uint8_t* start) const {
-    ZipString zip_string;
-    zip_string.name = start + name_offset;
-    zip_string.name_length = name_length;
-    return zip_string;
+  const std::string_view ToStringView(const uint8_t* start) const {
+    return std::string_view{reinterpret_cast<const char*>(start + name_offset), name_length};
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
index ae9d145..198154b 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
   return error_code;
 }
 
-int32_t ZipWriter::StartEntry(const char* path, size_t flags) {
+int32_t ZipWriter::StartEntry(std::string_view path, size_t flags) {
   uint32_t alignment = 0;
   if (flags & kAlign32) {
     flags &= ~kAlign32;
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@
   return StartAlignedEntryWithTime(path, flags, time_t(), alignment);
 }
 
-int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntry(const char* path, size_t flags, uint32_t alignment) {
+int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntry(std::string_view path, size_t flags, uint32_t alignment) {
   return StartAlignedEntryWithTime(path, flags, time_t(), alignment);
 }
 
-int32_t ZipWriter::StartEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time) {
+int32_t ZipWriter::StartEntryWithTime(std::string_view path, size_t flags, time_t time) {
   uint32_t alignment = 0;
   if (flags & kAlign32) {
     flags &= ~kAlign32;
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
   dst->extra_field_length = src.padding_length;
 }
 
-int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time,
+int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntryWithTime(std::string_view path, size_t flags, time_t time,
                                              uint32_t alignment) {
   if (state_ != State::kWritingZip) {
     return kInvalidState;
@@ -247,13 +247,24 @@
   ExtractTimeAndDate(time, &file_entry.last_mod_time, &file_entry.last_mod_date);
 
   off_t offset = current_offset_ + sizeof(LocalFileHeader) + file_entry.path.size();
-  std::vector<char> zero_padding;
+  // prepare a pre-zeroed memory page in case when we need to pad some aligned data.
+  static constexpr auto kPageSize = 4096;
+  static constexpr char kSmallZeroPadding[kPageSize] = {};
+  // use this buffer if our preallocated one is too small
+  std::vector<char> zero_padding_big;
+  const char* zero_padding = nullptr;
+
   if (alignment != 0 && (offset & (alignment - 1))) {
     // Pad the extra field so the data will be aligned.
     uint16_t padding = static_cast<uint16_t>(alignment - (offset % alignment));
     file_entry.padding_length = padding;
     offset += padding;
-    zero_padding.resize(padding, 0);
+    if (padding <= std::size(kSmallZeroPadding)) {
+        zero_padding = kSmallZeroPadding;
+    } else {
+        zero_padding_big.resize(padding, 0);
+        zero_padding = zero_padding_big.data();
+    }
   }
 
   LocalFileHeader header = {};
@@ -265,11 +276,11 @@
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
-  if (fwrite(path, sizeof(*path), file_entry.path.size(), file_) != file_entry.path.size()) {
+  if (fwrite(path.data(), 1, path.size(), file_) != path.size()) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
-  if (file_entry.padding_length != 0 && fwrite(zero_padding.data(), 1, file_entry.padding_length,
+  if (file_entry.padding_length != 0 && fwrite(zero_padding, 1, file_entry.padding_length,
                                                file_) != file_entry.padding_length) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
diff --git a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
index 447b067..b6c33d7 100644
--- a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
+++ b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@
 void __android_log_btwrite_multiple__helper(int count) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
     log_time ts(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-
+    usleep(100);
     log_time ts1(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
     // We fork to create a unique pid for the submitted log messages
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 7cb0f66..3acf301 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -345,8 +345,11 @@
     trigger early-boot
     trigger boot
 
-on post-fs
+on early-fs
+    # Once metadata has been mounted, we'll need vold to deal with userdata checkpointing
     start vold
+
+on post-fs
     exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint markBootAttempt
 
     # Once everything is setup, no need to modify /.
@@ -442,6 +445,7 @@
     mkdir /data/apex 0750 root system
     mkdir /data/apex/active 0750 root system
     mkdir /data/apex/backup 0700 root system
+    mkdir /data/apex/hashtree 0700 root system
     mkdir /data/apex/sessions 0700 root system
     mkdir /data/app-staging 0750 system system
     start apexd
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp b/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
index 65b271a..1666cfb 100644
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//
 // Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open-Source Project
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -20,14 +19,15 @@
 // to only building on ARM if they include assembly. Individual makefiles
 // are responsible for having their own logic, for fine-grained control.
 
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "gatekeeper.trusty",
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
     vendor: true,
-
     relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.rc"],
 
     srcs: [
-        "module.cpp",
+        "service.cpp",
         "trusty_gatekeeper_ipc.c",
         "trusty_gatekeeper.cpp",
     ],
@@ -39,10 +39,16 @@
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0",
+        "libbase",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
         "libgatekeeper",
+        "libutils",
         "liblog",
         "libcutils",
         "libtrusty",
     ],
-    header_libs: ["libhardware_headers"],
+
+    vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.xml"],
 }
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.rc b/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5413a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.gatekeeper-1-0 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty
+    class hal
+    user system
+    group system
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.xml b/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19714a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="hidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.gatekeeper</name>
+        <transport>hwbinder</transport>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+        <name>IGatekeeper</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/module.cpp b/trusty/gatekeeper/module.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ee3c2f..0000000
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/module.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <hardware/hardware.h>
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include "trusty_gatekeeper.h"
-
-using gatekeeper::TrustyGateKeeperDevice;
-
-static int trusty_gatekeeper_open(const hw_module_t *module, const char *name,
-        hw_device_t **device) {
-
-    if (strcmp(name, HARDWARE_GATEKEEPER) != 0) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    TrustyGateKeeperDevice *gatekeeper = new TrustyGateKeeperDevice(module);
-    if (gatekeeper == NULL) return -ENOMEM;
-    *device = gatekeeper->hw_device();
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static struct hw_module_methods_t gatekeeper_module_methods = {
-    .open = trusty_gatekeeper_open,
-};
-
-struct gatekeeper_module HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM __attribute__((visibility("default"))) = {
-    .common = {
-        .tag = HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
-        .module_api_version = GATEKEEPER_MODULE_API_VERSION_0_1,
-        .hal_api_version = HARDWARE_HAL_API_VERSION,
-        .id = GATEKEEPER_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
-        .name = "Trusty GateKeeper HAL",
-        .author = "The Android Open Source Project",
-        .methods = &gatekeeper_module_methods,
-        .dso = 0,
-        .reserved = {}
-    },
-};
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/service.cpp b/trusty/gatekeeper/service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5ee488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gatekeeper/1.0/IGatekeeper.h>
+
+#include <hidl/LegacySupport.h>
+
+#include "trusty_gatekeeper.h"
+
+// Generated HIDL files
+using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::IGatekeeper;
+using gatekeeper::TrustyGateKeeperDevice;
+
+int main() {
+    ::android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool(1, true /* willJoinThreadpool */);
+    android::sp<TrustyGateKeeperDevice> gatekeeper(new TrustyGateKeeperDevice());
+    auto status = gatekeeper->registerAsService();
+    if (status != android::OK) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Could not register service for Gatekeeper 1.0 (trusty) (" << status << ")";
+    }
+
+    android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool();
+    return -1;  // Should never get here.
+}
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.cpp b/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.cpp
index b3fbfa9..d149664 100644
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.cpp
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.cpp
@@ -16,147 +16,131 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "TrustyGateKeeper"
 
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "trusty_gatekeeper.h"
 #include "trusty_gatekeeper_ipc.h"
 #include "gatekeeper_ipc.h"
 
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::GatekeeperStatusCode;
+using ::gatekeeper::EnrollRequest;
+using ::gatekeeper::EnrollResponse;
+using ::gatekeeper::ERROR_INVALID;
+using ::gatekeeper::ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+using ::gatekeeper::ERROR_NONE;
+using ::gatekeeper::ERROR_RETRY;
+using ::gatekeeper::SizedBuffer;
+using ::gatekeeper::VerifyRequest;
+using ::gatekeeper::VerifyResponse;
+
 namespace gatekeeper {
 
-const uint32_t SEND_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
-const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
+constexpr const uint32_t SEND_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
+constexpr const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
 
-TrustyGateKeeperDevice::TrustyGateKeeperDevice(const hw_module_t *module) {
-#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)
-    static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<TrustyGateKeeperDevice>::value,
-                  "TrustyGateKeeperDevice must be standard layout");
-    static_assert(offsetof(TrustyGateKeeperDevice, device_) == 0,
-                  "device_ must be the first member of TrustyGateKeeperDevice");
-    static_assert(offsetof(TrustyGateKeeperDevice, device_.common) == 0,
-                  "common must be the first member of gatekeeper_device");
-#else
-    assert(reinterpret_cast<gatekeeper_device_t *>(this) == &device_);
-    assert(reinterpret_cast<hw_device_t *>(this) == &(device_.common));
-#endif
-
-    memset(&device_, 0, sizeof(device_));
-    device_.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
-    device_.common.version = 1;
-    device_.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t *>(module);
-    device_.common.close = close_device;
-
-    device_.enroll = enroll;
-    device_.verify = verify;
-    device_.delete_user = nullptr;
-    device_.delete_all_users = nullptr;
-
+TrustyGateKeeperDevice::TrustyGateKeeperDevice() {
     int rc = trusty_gatekeeper_connect();
     if (rc < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Error initializing trusty session: %d", rc);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error initializing trusty session: " << rc;
     }
 
     error_ = rc;
-
-}
-
-hw_device_t* TrustyGateKeeperDevice::hw_device() {
-    return &device_.common;
-}
-
-int TrustyGateKeeperDevice::close_device(hw_device_t* dev) {
-    delete reinterpret_cast<TrustyGateKeeperDevice *>(dev);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 TrustyGateKeeperDevice::~TrustyGateKeeperDevice() {
     trusty_gatekeeper_disconnect();
 }
 
-int TrustyGateKeeperDevice::Enroll(uint32_t uid, const uint8_t *current_password_handle,
-        uint32_t current_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *current_password,
-        uint32_t current_password_length, const uint8_t *desired_password,
-        uint32_t desired_password_length, uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle,
-        uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
-
-    if (error_ != 0) {
-        return error_;
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer desired_password_buffer(desired_password_length);
-    memcpy(desired_password_buffer.buffer.get(), desired_password, desired_password_length);
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_handle_buffer(current_password_handle_length);
-    if (current_password_handle) {
-        memcpy(current_password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password_handle,
-                current_password_handle_length);
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_buffer(current_password_length);
-    if (current_password) {
-        memcpy(current_password_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password, current_password_length);
-    }
-
-    EnrollRequest request(uid, &current_password_handle_buffer, &desired_password_buffer,
-            &current_password_buffer);
-    EnrollResponse response;
-
-    gatekeeper_error_t error = Send(request, &response);
-
-    if (error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    *enrolled_password_handle = response.enrolled_password_handle.buffer.release();
-    *enrolled_password_handle_length = response.enrolled_password_handle.length;
-
-
-    return 0;
+SizedBuffer hidl_vec2sized_buffer(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& vec) {
+    if (vec.size() == 0 || vec.size() > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) return {};
+    auto dummy = new uint8_t[vec.size()];
+    std::copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), dummy);
+    return {dummy, static_cast<uint32_t>(vec.size())};
 }
 
-int TrustyGateKeeperDevice::Verify(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-        const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-        const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-        uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll) {
+Return<void> TrustyGateKeeperDevice::enroll(uint32_t uid,
+                                            const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& currentPasswordHandle,
+                                            const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& currentPassword,
+                                            const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& desiredPassword,
+                                            enroll_cb _hidl_cb) {
     if (error_ != 0) {
-        return error_;
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+        return {};
     }
 
-    SizedBuffer password_handle_buffer(enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    memcpy(password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), enrolled_password_handle,
-            enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    SizedBuffer provided_password_buffer(provided_password_length);
-    memcpy(provided_password_buffer.buffer.get(), provided_password, provided_password_length);
+    if (desiredPassword.size() == 0) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+        return {};
+    }
 
-    VerifyRequest request(uid, challenge, &password_handle_buffer, &provided_password_buffer);
+    EnrollRequest request(uid, hidl_vec2sized_buffer(currentPasswordHandle),
+                          hidl_vec2sized_buffer(desiredPassword),
+                          hidl_vec2sized_buffer(currentPassword));
+    EnrollResponse response;
+    auto error = Send(request, &response);
+    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+    } else if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT, response.retry_timeout, {}});
+    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+    } else {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> new_handle(response.enrolled_password_handle.Data<uint8_t>(),
+                                     response.enrolled_password_handle.Data<uint8_t>() +
+                                             response.enrolled_password_handle.size());
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK, response.retry_timeout, new_handle});
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+Return<void> TrustyGateKeeperDevice::verify(
+        uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& providedPassword, verify_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    if (error_ != 0) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    if (enrolledPasswordHandle.size() == 0) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    VerifyRequest request(uid, challenge, hidl_vec2sized_buffer(enrolledPasswordHandle),
+                          hidl_vec2sized_buffer(providedPassword));
     VerifyResponse response;
 
-    gatekeeper_error_t error = Send(request, &response);
+    auto error = Send(request, &response);
+    if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+    } else if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT, response.retry_timeout, {}});
+    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
+        _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_GENERAL_FAILURE, 0, {}});
+    } else {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> auth_token(
+                response.auth_token.Data<uint8_t>(),
+                response.auth_token.Data<uint8_t>() + response.auth_token.size());
 
-    if (error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
+        _hidl_cb({response.request_reenroll ? GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL
+                                            : GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK,
+                  response.retry_timeout, auth_token});
     }
+    return {};
+}
 
-    if (auth_token != NULL && auth_token_length != NULL) {
-       *auth_token = response.auth_token.buffer.release();
-       *auth_token_length = response.auth_token.length;
-    }
+Return<void> TrustyGateKeeperDevice::deleteUser(uint32_t /*uid*/, deleteUser_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, 0, {}});
+    return {};
+}
 
-    if (request_reenroll != NULL) {
-        *request_reenroll = response.request_reenroll;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+Return<void> TrustyGateKeeperDevice::deleteAllUsers(deleteAllUsers_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    _hidl_cb({GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, 0, {}});
+    return {};
 }
 
 gatekeeper_error_t TrustyGateKeeperDevice::Send(uint32_t command, const GateKeeperMessage& request,
@@ -172,7 +156,7 @@
     uint32_t response_size = RECV_BUF_SIZE;
     int rc = trusty_gatekeeper_call(command, send_buf, request_size, recv_buf, &response_size);
     if (rc < 0) {
-        ALOGE("error (%d) calling gatekeeper TA", rc);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "error (" << rc << ") calling gatekeeper TA";
         return ERROR_INVALID;
     }
 
@@ -182,51 +166,4 @@
     return response->Deserialize(payload, payload + response_size);
 }
 
-static inline TrustyGateKeeperDevice *convert_device(const gatekeeper_device *dev) {
-    return reinterpret_cast<TrustyGateKeeperDevice *>(const_cast<gatekeeper_device *>(dev));
-}
-
-/* static */
-int TrustyGateKeeperDevice::enroll(const struct gatekeeper_device *dev, uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
-
-    if (dev == NULL ||
-            enrolled_password_handle == NULL || enrolled_password_handle_length == NULL ||
-            desired_password == NULL || desired_password_length == 0)
-        return -EINVAL;
-
-    // Current password and current password handle go together
-    if (current_password_handle == NULL || current_password_handle_length == 0 ||
-            current_password == NULL || current_password_length == 0) {
-        current_password_handle = NULL;
-        current_password_handle_length = 0;
-        current_password = NULL;
-        current_password_length = 0;
-    }
-
-    return convert_device(dev)->Enroll(uid, current_password_handle, current_password_handle_length,
-            current_password, current_password_length, desired_password, desired_password_length,
-            enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length);
-
-}
-
-/* static */
-int TrustyGateKeeperDevice::verify(const struct gatekeeper_device *dev, uint32_t uid,
-        uint64_t challenge, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-        uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *provided_password,
-        uint32_t provided_password_length, uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length,
-        bool *request_reenroll) {
-
-    if (dev == NULL || enrolled_password_handle == NULL ||
-            provided_password == NULL) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    return convert_device(dev)->Verify(uid, challenge, enrolled_password_handle,
-            enrolled_password_handle_length, provided_password, provided_password_length,
-            auth_token, auth_token_length, request_reenroll);
-}
 };
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.h b/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.h
index 2becc49..c0713f4 100644
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.h
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/trusty_gatekeeper.h
@@ -17,84 +17,34 @@
 #ifndef TRUSTY_GATEKEEPER_H
 #define TRUSTY_GATEKEEPER_H
 
-#include <hardware/gatekeeper.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gatekeeper/1.0/IGatekeeper.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <gatekeeper/gatekeeper_messages.h>
 
 #include "gatekeeper_ipc.h"
 
 namespace gatekeeper {
 
-class TrustyGateKeeperDevice {
-    public:
-
-    explicit TrustyGateKeeperDevice(const hw_module_t* module);
+class TrustyGateKeeperDevice : public ::android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::IGatekeeper {
+  public:
+    explicit TrustyGateKeeperDevice();
     ~TrustyGateKeeperDevice();
-
-    hw_device_t* hw_device();
-
     /**
      * Enrolls password_payload, which should be derived from a user selected pin or password,
      * with the authentication factor private key used only for enrolling authentication
      * factor data.
      *
      * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error.
-     * On error, enrolled_password will not be allocated.
-     */
-    int Enroll(uint32_t uid, const uint8_t *current_password_handle,
-            uint32_t current_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *current_password,
-            uint32_t current_password_length, const uint8_t *desired_password,
-            uint32_t desired_password_length, uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle,
-            uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length);
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies provided_password matches expected_password after enrolling
-     * with the authentication factor private key.
-     *
-     * Implementations of this module may retain the result of this call
-     * to attest to the recency of authentication.
-     *
-     * On success, writes the address of a verification token to verification_token,
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error
-     * On error, verification token will not be allocated
-     */
-    int Verify(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-            uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *provided_password,
-            uint32_t provided_password_length, uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length,
-            bool *request_reenroll);
-
-    private:
-
-    gatekeeper_error_t Send(uint32_t command, const GateKeeperMessage& request,
-                           GateKeeperMessage* response);
-
-    gatekeeper_error_t Send(const EnrollRequest& request, EnrollResponse *response) {
-        return Send(GK_ENROLL, request, response);
-    }
-
-    gatekeeper_error_t Send(const VerifyRequest& request, VerifyResponse *response) {
-        return Send(GK_VERIFY, request, response);
-    }
-
-    // Static methods interfacing the HAL API with the TrustyGateKeeper device
-
-    /**
-     * Enrolls desired_password, which should be derived from a user selected pin or password,
-     * with the authentication factor private key used only for enrolling authentication
-     * factor data.
-     *
-     * If there was already a password enrolled, it should be provided in
-     * current_password_handle, along with the current password in current_password
-     * that should validate against current_password_handle.
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error.
      * On error, enrolled_password_handle will not be allocated.
      */
-    static int enroll(const struct gatekeeper_device *dev, uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length);
+    ::android::hardware::Return<void> enroll(
+            uint32_t uid, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& currentPasswordHandle,
+            const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& currentPassword,
+            const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& desiredPassword,
+            enroll_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
     /**
      * Verifies provided_password matches enrolled_password_handle.
@@ -109,18 +59,32 @@
      * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error
      * On error, verification token will not be allocated
      */
-    static int verify(const struct gatekeeper_device *dev, uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll);
+    ::android::hardware::Return<void> verify(
+            uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
+            const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+            const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& providedPassword,
+            verify_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
-    static int close_device(hw_device_t* dev);
+    ::android::hardware::Return<void> deleteUser(uint32_t uid, deleteUser_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
-    gatekeeper_device device_;
+    ::android::hardware::Return<void> deleteAllUsers(deleteAllUsers_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+
+  private:
+    gatekeeper_error_t Send(uint32_t command, const GateKeeperMessage& request,
+                           GateKeeperMessage* response);
+
+    gatekeeper_error_t Send(const EnrollRequest& request, EnrollResponse *response) {
+        return Send(GK_ENROLL, request, response);
+    }
+
+    gatekeeper_error_t Send(const VerifyRequest& request, VerifyResponse *response) {
+        return Send(GK_VERIFY, request, response);
+    }
+
     int error_;
-
 };
-}
+
+}  // namespace gatekeeper
 
 #endif
 
diff --git a/trusty/trusty-base.mk b/trusty/trusty-base.mk
index 445d3ce..fd8daa8 100644
--- a/trusty/trusty-base.mk
+++ b/trusty/trusty-base.mk
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
 
 PRODUCT_PACKAGES += \
 	android.hardware.keymaster@4.0-service.trusty \
-	android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service \
-	android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-impl \
-	gatekeeper.trusty
+	android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty
 
 PRODUCT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES += \
 	ro.hardware.keystore=trusty \
diff --git a/usbd/usbd.cpp b/usbd/usbd.cpp
index 191fb92..6e24d8e 100644
--- a/usbd/usbd.cpp
+++ b/usbd/usbd.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 
-#define PERSISTENT_USB_CONFIG "persist.sys.usb.config"
-
 using android::base::GetProperty;
 using android::base::SetProperty;
 using android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
@@ -34,14 +32,15 @@
 using android::hardware::Return;
 
 int main(int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/) {
-    configureRpcThreadpool(1, true /*callerWillJoin*/);
+    if (GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "") == "charger") exit(0);
 
+    configureRpcThreadpool(1, true /*callerWillJoin*/);
     android::sp<IUsbGadget> gadget = IUsbGadget::getService();
     Return<void> ret;
 
     if (gadget != nullptr) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Usb HAL found.";
-        std::string function = GetProperty(PERSISTENT_USB_CONFIG, "");
+        std::string function = GetProperty("persist.sys.usb.config", "");
         if (function == "adb") {
             LOG(INFO) << "peristent prop is adb";
             SetProperty("ctl.start", "adbd");