Merge "Update shell and utilities docs for O."
diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
index d033d5a..05b0284 100644
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ b/adb/Android.mk
@@ -345,18 +345,16 @@
     -D_GNU_SOURCE \
     -Wno-deprecated-declarations \
 
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DALLOW_ADBD_ROOT=$(if $(filter userdebug eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),1,0)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DALLOW_ADBD_NO_AUTH=$(if $(filter userdebug eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),1,0)
 
 ifneq (,$(filter userdebug eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)))
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY=1
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DALLOW_ADBD_ROOT=1
 endif
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := adbd
 
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN)
-LOCAL_UNSTRIPPED_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN_UNSTRIPPED)
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := $(adb_target_sanitize)
 LOCAL_STRIP_MODULE := keep_symbols
diff --git a/adb/daemon/main.cpp b/adb/daemon/main.cpp
index e0629ab..1c94298 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/main.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/main.cpp
@@ -49,23 +49,17 @@
 
 static const char* root_seclabel = nullptr;
 
-static inline bool is_device_unlocked() {
-    return "orange" == android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate", "");
-}
-
 static void drop_capabilities_bounding_set_if_needed(struct minijail *j) {
-    if (ALLOW_ADBD_ROOT || is_device_unlocked()) {
-        if (__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
-            return;
-        }
+#if defined(ALLOW_ADBD_ROOT)
+    if (__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
+        return;
     }
+#endif
     minijail_capbset_drop(j, CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SETUID) | CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SETGID));
 }
 
 static bool should_drop_privileges() {
-    // "adb root" not allowed, always drop privileges.
-    if (!ALLOW_ADBD_ROOT && !is_device_unlocked()) return true;
-
+#if defined(ALLOW_ADBD_ROOT)
     // The properties that affect `adb root` and `adb unroot` are ro.secure and
     // ro.debuggable. In this context the names don't make the expected behavior
     // particularly obvious.
@@ -95,6 +89,9 @@
     }
 
     return drop;
+#else
+    return true; // "adb root" not allowed, always drop privileges.
+#endif // ALLOW_ADBD_ROOT
 }
 
 static void drop_privileges(int server_port) {
@@ -161,10 +158,7 @@
     // descriptor will always be open.
     adbd_cloexec_auth_socket();
 
-    // Respect ro.adb.secure in userdebug/eng builds (ALLOW_ADBD_NO_AUTH), or when the
-    // device is unlocked.
-    if ((ALLOW_ADBD_NO_AUTH || is_device_unlocked()) &&
-        !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.adb.secure", false)) {
+    if (ALLOW_ADBD_NO_AUTH && !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.adb.secure", false)) {
         auth_required = false;
     }
 
diff --git a/adb/services.cpp b/adb/services.cpp
index dbf71d3..ca34556 100644
--- a/adb/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/services.cpp
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@
 
     sync();
 
+    if (!reboot_arg || !reboot_arg[0]) reboot_arg = "adb";
     std::string reboot_string = android::base::StringPrintf("reboot,%s", reboot_arg);
     if (!android::base::SetProperty(ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY, reboot_string)) {
         WriteFdFmt(fd, "reboot (%s) failed\n", reboot_string.c_str());
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
index c0bf0c1..07a5edd 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
   TemporaryFile();
   ~TemporaryFile();
 
+  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
+  // fd or stream properly.
+  int release();
+
   int fd;
   char path[1024];
 
diff --git a/base/test_utils.cpp b/base/test_utils.cpp
index 636477d..1cfa9e6 100644
--- a/base/test_utils.cpp
+++ b/base/test_utils.cpp
@@ -85,10 +85,18 @@
 }
 
 TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
-  close(fd);
+  if (fd != -1) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
   unlink(path);
 }
 
+int TemporaryFile::release() {
+  int result = fd;
+  fd = -1;
+  return result;
+}
+
 void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
   snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
            OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
diff --git a/bootstat/Android.bp b/bootstat/Android.bp
index dd357ed..6734f4d 100644
--- a/bootstat/Android.bp
+++ b/bootstat/Android.bp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
     name: "bootstat",
     defaults: ["bootstat_defaults"],
     static_libs: ["libbootstat"],
+    shared_libs: ["liblogcat"],
     init_rc: ["bootstat.rc"],
     srcs: ["bootstat.cpp"],
 }
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh b/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d789808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Bootstat boot reason tests
+#
+# throughout testing:
+# - manual tests can only run on eng/userdebug builds
+# - watch adb logcat -b all -d -s bootstat
+# - watch adb logcat -b all -d | audit2allow
+# - wait until screen is up, boot has completed, can mean wait for
+#   sys.boot_completed=1 and sys.logbootcomplete=1 to be true
+#
+# All test frames, and nothing else, must be function names prefixed and
+# specifiged with the pattern 'test_<test>() {' as this is also how the
+# script discovers the full list of tests by inspecting its own code.
+#
+
+# Helper variables
+
+SPACE=" "
+ESCAPE=""
+TAB="	"
+GREEN="${ESCAPE}[38;5;40m"
+RED="${ESCAPE}[38;5;196m"
+NORMAL="${ESCAPE}[0m"
+
+# Helper functions
+
+[ "USAGE: inFastboot
+
+Returns: true if device is in fastboot mode" ]
+inFastboot() {
+  fastboot devices | grep "^${ANDROID_SERIAL}[${SPACE}${TAB}]" > /dev/null
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: format_duration <seconds>
+
+human readable output whole seconds, whole minutes or mm:ss" ]
+format_duration() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
+    echo unknown
+    return
+  fi
+  seconds=`expr ${1} % 60`
+  minutes=`expr ${1} / 60`
+  if [ 0 -eq ${minutes} ]; then
+    if [ 1 -eq ${1} ]; then
+      echo 1 second
+      return
+    fi
+    echo ${1} seconds
+    return
+  elif [ 60 -eq ${1} ]; then
+    echo 1 minute
+    return
+  elif [ 0 -eq ${seconds} ]; then
+    echo ${minutes} minutes
+    return
+  fi
+  echo ${minutes}:`expr ${seconds} / 10``expr ${seconds} % 10`
+}
+
+wait_for_screen_timeout=900
+[ "USAGE: wait_for_screen [-n] [TIMEOUT]
+
+-n - echo newline at exit
+TIMEOUT - default `format_duration ${wait_for_screen_timeout}`" ]
+wait_for_screen() {
+  exit_function=true
+  if [ X"-n" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    exit_function=echo
+    shift
+  fi
+  timeout=${wait_for_screen_timeout}
+  if [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; then
+    timeout=${1}
+    shift
+  fi
+  counter=0
+  while true; do
+    [ 0 = ${counter} ] ||
+      adb wait-for-device </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+    vals=`adb shell getprop </dev/null 2>/dev/null |
+          sed -n 's/[[]sys[.]\(boot_completed\|logbootcomplete\)[]]: [[]\([01]\)[]]$/\1=\2/p'`
+    [ 0 = ${counter} ] ||
+      sleep 1
+    if [ "${vals}" = "`echo boot_completed=1 ; echo logbootcomplete=1`" ]; then
+      break
+    fi
+    if [ "${vals}" = "`echo logbootcomplete=1 ; echo boot_completed=1`" ]; then
+      break
+    fi
+    counter=`expr ${counter} + 1`
+    if [ ${counter} -gt ${timeout} ]; then
+      ${exit_function}
+      echo "ERROR: wait_for_screen() timed out (`format_duration ${timeout}`)" >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  done
+  ${exit_function}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: EXPECT_EQ <lval> <rval> [message]
+
+Returns true if (regex) lval matches rval" ]
+EXPECT_EQ() {
+  lval="${1}"
+  rval="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  if ! ( echo X"${rval}" | grep '^X'"${lval}"'$' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ); then
+    echo "ERROR: expected \"${lval}\" got \"${rval}\"" >&2
+    if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+      echo "       ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+    if [ X"${lval}" != X"${rval}" ]; then
+      echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\"(=\"${rval}\") ${*}" >&2
+    else
+      echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\" ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: EXPECT_PROPERTY <prop> <value>
+
+Returns true if current return (regex) value is true and the result matches" ]
+EXPECT_PROPERTY() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  property="${1}"
+  value="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  val=`adb shell getprop ${property} 2>&1`
+  EXPECT_EQ "${value}" "${val}" for Android property ${property} ||
+    save_ret=${?}
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: report_bootstat_logs <expected> ...
+
+if not prefixed with a minus (-), <expected> will become a series of expected
+matches:
+
+    bootstat: Canonical boot reason: <expected_property_value>
+
+If prefixed with a minus, <expected> will look for an exact match after
+removing the minux prefix.  All expected content is _dropped_ from the output
+and in essence forms a known blacklist, unexpected content will show.
+
+Report any logs, minus a known blacklist, preserve the current exit status" ]
+report_bootstat_logs() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  match=
+  for i in ${*}; do
+    if [ X"${i}" != X"${i#-}" ] ; then
+      match="${match}
+${i#-}"
+    else
+      match="${match}
+bootstat: Canonical boot reason: ${i}"
+    fi
+  done
+  adb logcat -b all -d |
+  grep bootstat |
+  grep -v -F "bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete${match}
+bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/post_decrypt_time_elapsed: No such file or directory
+bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/post_decrypt_time_elapsed
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat -l
+bootstat: Battery level at shutdown 100%
+bootstat: Battery level at startup 100%
+init    : Parsing file /system/etc/init/bootstat.rc...
+init    : processing action (post-fs-data) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (boot) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (ro.boot.bootreason=*) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat -l)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat -l)' (pid " |
+  grep -v 'bootstat: Unknown boot reason: $' # Hikey Special
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: start_test [message]
+
+Record start of test, preserve exit status" ]
+start_test() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  START=`date +%s`
+  echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: end_test [message]
+
+Document duration and success of test, preserve exit status" ]
+end_test() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  END=`date +%s`
+  duration=`expr ${END} - ${START} 2>/dev/null`
+  [ 0 = ${duration} ] ||
+    echo INFO: ${TEST} test duration `format_duration ${duration}` >&2
+  if [ ${save_ret} = 0 ]; then
+    echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  else
+    echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  fi
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: wrap_test <test> [message]
+
+All tests below are wrapped with this helper" ]
+wrap_test() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" -o X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    return
+  fi
+  TEST=${1}
+  shift
+  start_test ${1}
+  eval test_${TEST}
+  end_test ${2}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: validate_property <property>
+
+Check property for CTS compliance with our expectations. Return a cleansed
+string representing what is acceptable.
+
+NB: must roughly match heuristics in system/core/bootstat/bootstat.cpp" ]
+validate_property() {
+  var=`adb shell getprop ${1} 2>&1`
+  var=`echo -n ${var} |
+       tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' |
+       tr ' \f\t\r\n' '_____'`
+  case ${var} in
+    watchdog) ;;
+    watchdog,?*) ;;
+    kernel_panic) ;;
+    kernel_panic,?*) ;;
+    recovery) ;;
+    recovery,?*) ;;
+    bootloader) ;;
+    bootloader,?*) ;;
+    cold) ;;
+    cold,?*) ;;
+    hard) ;;
+    hard,?*) ;;
+    warm) ;;
+    warm,?*) ;;
+    shutdown) ;;
+    shutdown,?*) ;;
+    reboot) ;;
+    reboot,?*) ;;
+    # Aliases
+    *wdog* | *watchdog* )     var="watchdog" ;;
+    *powerkey* )              var="cold,powerkey" ;;
+    *panic* | *kernel_panic*) var="kernel_panic" ;;
+    *thermal*)                var="shutdown,thermal" ;;
+    *s3_wakeup*)              var="warm,s3_wakeup" ;;
+    *hw_reset*)               var="hard,hw_reset" ;;
+    *bootloader*)             var="bootloader" ;;
+    ?*)                       var="reboot,${var}" ;;
+    *)                        var="reboot" ;;
+  esac
+  echo ${var}
+}
+
+#
+# Actual test frames
+#
+
+[ "USAGE: test_properties
+
+properties test
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop ro.boot.bootreason (bootloader reason)
+- adb shell getprop persist.sys.boot.reason (last reason)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason (system reason)
+- NB: all should have a value that is compliant with our known set." ]
+test_properties() {
+  wait_for_screen
+  retval=0
+  check_set="ro.boot.bootreason persist.sys.boot.reason sys.boot.reason"
+  bootloader=""
+  # NB: this test could fail if performed _after_ optional_factory_reset test
+  # and will report
+  #  ERROR: expected "reboot" got ""
+  #        for Android property persist.sys.boot.reason
+  # following is mitigation for the persist.sys.boot.reason, skip it
+  if [ "reboot,factory_reset" = `validate_property ro.boot_bootreason` ]; then
+    check_set="ro.boot.bootreason sys.boot.reason"
+    bootloader="bootloader"
+  fi
+  for prop in ${check_set}; do
+    reason=`validate_property ${prop}`
+    EXPECT_PROPERTY ${prop} ${reason} || retval=${?}
+  done
+  # sys.boot.reason is last for a reason
+  report_bootstat_logs ${reason} ${bootloader}
+  return ${retval}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_ota
+
+ota test
+- rm out/.kati_stamp-* out/build_date.txt out/build_number.txt
+- rm out/target/product/*/*/*.prop
+- rm -r out/target/product/*/obj/ETC/system_build_prop_intermediates
+- m
+- NB: ro.build.date.utc should update
+- fastboot flashall
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report ota
+
+Decision to change the build itself rather than trick bootstat by
+rummaging through its data files was made." ]
+test_ota() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test about 5 minutes or more" >&2
+  echo "      extended by build and flashing times" >&2
+  if [ -z "${TARGET_PRODUCT}" -o \
+       -z "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}" -o \
+       -z "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}" -o \
+       -z "${TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT}" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: Missing envsetup.sh and lunch" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/.kati_stamp-* ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/build_date.txt ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/build_number.txt ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/*/*.prop ||
+    true
+  rm -r ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/obj/ETC/system_build_prop_intermediates ||
+    true
+  pushd ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP} >&2
+  make -j50 >&2
+  if [ ${?} != 0 ]; then
+    popd >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! inFastboot; then
+    adb reboot-bootloader >&2
+  fi
+  fastboot flashall >&2
+  popd >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason "\(reboot,ota\|bootloader\)"
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,bootloader
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,ota bootloader
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_optional_ota
+
+fast and fake (touch build_date on device to make it different)" ]
+test_optional_ota() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test about 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb shell su root touch /data/misc/bootstat/build_date >&2
+  adb reboot ota
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,ota
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,ota
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,ota
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: [TEST=<test>] blind_reboot_test [<match>]
+
+Simple tests helper
+- adb reboot <test>
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report <test>, or overriden <match>
+
+We interleave the simple reboot tests between the hard/complex ones
+as a means of checking sanity and any persistent side effect of the
+other tests." ]
+blind_reboot_test() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
+    set ${TEST}
+  fi
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb reboot ${TEST}
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason ${1}
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,${TEST}
+  report_bootstat_logs ${1}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_cold
+
+cold test
+- adb reboot cold
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report cold" ]
+test_cold() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_factory_reset
+
+factory_reset test
+- adb shell su root rm /data/misc/bootstat/build_date
+- adb reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report factory_reset
+
+Decision to rummage through bootstat data files was made as
+a _real_ factory_reset is too destructive to the device." ]
+test_factory_reset() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb shell su root rm /data/misc/bootstat/build_date >&2
+  adb reboot >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,factory_reset
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason "reboot,.*"
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,factory_reset reboot, reboot,adb \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/build_date: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/build_date"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_optional_factory_reset
+
+factory_reset test
+- adb reboot-bootloader
+- fastboot format userdata
+- fastboot reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report factory_reset
+
+For realz, and disruptive" ]
+test_optional_factory_reset() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute" >&2
+  if ! inFastboot; then
+    adb reboot-bootloader
+  fi
+  fastboot format userdata >&2
+  fastboot reboot >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,factory_reset
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason ""
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,factory_reset bootloader \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/last_boot_time_utc: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/last_boot_time_utc" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/build_date: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/build_date" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_hard
+
+hard test:
+- adb reboot hard
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report hard" ]
+test_hard() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_battery
+
+battery test (trick):
+- echo healthd: battery l=2 | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg ; adb reboot warm
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,battery, unless healthd managed to log
+  before reboot in above trick.
+
+- Bonus points (manual extras)
+- Make sure the following is added to the /init.rc file in post-fs
+  section before logd is started:
+    +    setprop logd.kernel false
+    +    rm /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
+    +    rm /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
+    +    write /dev/kmsg \"healthd: battery l=2
+    +\"
+- adb reboot fs
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,battery
+- (replace set logd.kernel true to the above, and retry test)" ]
+test_battery() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly two minutes" >&2
+  echo healthd: battery l=2 | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg >/dev/null
+  adb reboot warm >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  adb shell su root \
+    cat /proc/fs/pstore/console-ramoops \
+        /proc/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0 2>/dev/null |
+    grep 'healthd: battery l=' |
+    tail -1 |
+    grep 'healthd: battery l=2' >/dev/null || (
+      if ! EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,battery >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+        # retry
+        echo healthd: battery l=2 | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg >/dev/null
+        adb reboot warm >&2
+        wait_for_screen
+      fi
+    )
+
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,battery
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,warm
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,battery "-bootstat: Battery level at shutdown 2%"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_unknown
+
+unknown test
+- adb reboot unknown
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,unknown
+- NB: expect log \"... I bootstat: Unknown boot reason: reboot,unknown\"" ]
+test_unknown() {
+  blind_reboot_test reboot,unknown
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_kernel_panic
+
+kernel_panic test:
+- echo c | adb shell su root tee /proc/sysrq-trigger
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report kernel_panic,sysrq" ]
+test_kernel_panic() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test > 2 minutes" >&2
+  echo c | adb shell su root tee /proc/sysrq-trigger >/dev/null
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason kernel_panic,sysrq
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason kernel_panic,sysrq
+  report_bootstat_logs kernel_panic,sysrq
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_warm
+
+warm test
+- adb reboot warm
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report warm" ]
+test_warm() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_thermal_shutdown
+
+thermal shutdown test:
+- adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,thermal
+- (power up the device)
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report shutdown,thermal" ]
+test_thermal_shutdown() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute plus" >&2
+  echo "      power on request" >&2
+  adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,thermal
+  sleep 5
+  echo -n "WARNING: Please power device back up, waiting ... " >&2
+  wait_for_screen -n >&2
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,thermal
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason shutdown,thermal
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,thermal
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_userrequested_shutdown
+
+userrequested shutdown test:
+- adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,userrequested
+- (power up the device)
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report shutdown,userrequested" ]
+test_userrequested_shutdown() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute plus" >&2
+  echo "      power on request" >&2
+  adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,userrequested
+  sleep 5
+  echo -n "WARNING: Please power device back up, waiting ... " >&2
+  wait_for_screen -n >&2
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,userrequested
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason shutdown,userrequested
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,userrequested
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_shell_reboot
+
+shell reboot test:
+- adb shell reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,shell" ]
+test_shell_reboot() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb shell reboot
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,shell
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,shell
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,shell
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_adb_reboot
+
+adb reboot test:
+- adb reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,adb" ]
+test_adb_reboot() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb reboot
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,adb
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,adb
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,adb
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: ${0##*/} [-s SERIAL] [tests]
+
+Mainline executive to run the above tests" ]
+
+# Rudimentary argument parsing
+
+if [ ${#} -ge 2 -a X"-s" = X"${1}" ]; then
+  export ANDROID_SERIAL="${2}"
+  shift 2
+fi
+
+if [ X"--help" = X"${1}" -o X"-h" = X"${1}" -o X"-?" = X"${1}" ]; then
+  echo "USAGE: ${0##*/} [-s SERIAL] [tests]"
+  echo tests - `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null`
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# Check if all conditions for the script are sane
+
+if [ -z "${ANDROID_SERIAL}" ]; then
+  ndev=`(
+      adb devices | grep -v 'List of devices attached'
+      fastboot devices
+    ) |
+    grep -v "^[${SPACE}${TAB}]*\$" |
+    wc -l`
+  if [ ${ndev} -gt 1 ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: no target device specified, ${ndev} connected" >&2
+    echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "WARNING: no target device specified" >&2
+fi
+
+ret=0
+
+# Test Series
+if [ X"all" = X"${*}" ]; then
+  # automagically pick up all test_<function>s.
+  eval set nothing `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null`
+  if [ X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    shift 1
+  fi
+fi
+if [ -z "$*" ]; then
+  # automagically pick up all test_<function>, except test_optional_<function>.
+  eval set nothing `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null |
+                            grep -v '^optional_'`
+  if [ -z "${2}" ]; then
+    # Hard coded should shell fail to find them above (search/permission issues)
+    eval set ota cold factory_reset hard battery unknown kernel_panic warm \
+             thermal_shutdown userrequested_shutdown shell_reboot adb_reboot
+  fi
+  if [ X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    shift 1
+  fi
+fi
+echo "INFO: selected test(s): ${@}" >&2
+echo
+failures=
+successes=
+for t in "${@}"; do
+  wrap_test ${t}
+  retval=${?}
+  if [ 0 = ${retval} ]; then
+    if [ -z "${successes}" ]; then
+      successes=${t}
+    else
+      successes="${successes} ${t}"
+    fi
+  else
+    ret=${retval}
+    if [ -z "${failures}" ]; then
+      failures=${t}
+    else
+      failures="${failures} ${t}"
+    fi
+  fi
+  echo
+done
+
+if [ -n "${successes}" ]; then
+  echo "${GREEN}[  PASSED  ]${NORMAL} ${successes}"
+fi
+if [ -n "${failures}" ]; then
+  echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${failures}"
+fi
+exit ${ret}
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index bd611f0..a0a9307 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/klog.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
@@ -32,11 +33,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <log/logcat.h>
 #include <metricslogger/metrics_logger.h>
 
 #include "boot_event_record_store.h"
@@ -118,6 +122,14 @@
   return std::string(&temp[0], len);
 }
 
+void SetProperty(const char* key, const std::string& val) {
+  property_set(key, val.c_str());
+}
+
+void SetProperty(const char* key, const char* val) {
+  property_set(key, val);
+}
+
 constexpr int32_t kUnknownBootReason = 1;
 
 // A mapping from boot reason string, as read from the ro.boot.bootreason
@@ -175,7 +187,23 @@
   {"reboot,cold", 48},
   {"reboot,recovery", 49},
   {"thermal_shutdown", 50},
-  {"s3_wakeup", 51}
+  {"s3_wakeup", 51},
+  {"kernel_panic,sysrq", 52},
+  {"kernel_panic,NULL", 53},
+  {"kernel_panic,BUG", 54},
+  {"bootloader", 55},
+  {"cold", 56},
+  {"hard", 57},
+  {"warm", 58},
+  {"recovery", 59},
+  {"thermal-shutdown", 60},
+  {"shutdown,thermal", 61},
+  {"shutdown,battery", 62},
+  {"reboot,ota", 63},
+  {"reboot,factory_reset", 64},
+  {"reboot,", 65},
+  {"reboot,shell", 66},
+  {"reboot,adb", 67},
 };
 
 // Converts a string value representing the reason the system booted to an
@@ -191,6 +219,323 @@
   return kUnknownBootReason;
 }
 
+// Canonical list of supported primary reboot reasons.
+const std::vector<const std::string> knownReasons = {
+  // kernel
+  "watchdog",
+  "kernel_panic",
+  // strong
+  "recovery",      // Should not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+  "bootloader",    // Should not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+  // blunt
+  "cold",
+  "hard",
+  "warm",
+  "shutdown",      // Can not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+  "reboot",        // Default catch-all for anything unknown
+};
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is considered detailed enough.
+bool isStrongRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto &s : knownReasons) {
+    if (s == "cold") break;
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is associated with the kernel.
+bool isKernelRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto &s : knownReasons) {
+    if (s == "recovery") break;
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is considered known.
+bool isKnownRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto &s : knownReasons) {
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// If the reboot reason should be improved, report true if is too blunt.
+bool isBluntRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  if (isStrongRebootReason(r)) return false;
+
+  if (!isKnownRebootReason(r)) return true; // Can not support unknown as detail
+
+  size_t pos = 0;
+  while ((pos = r.find(',', pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+    ++pos;
+    std::string next(r.substr(pos));
+    if (next.length() == 0) break;
+    if (next[0] == ',') continue;
+    if (!isKnownRebootReason(next)) return false; // Unknown subreason is good.
+    if (isStrongRebootReason(next)) return false; // eg: reboot,reboot
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// std::transform Helper callback functions:
+// Converts a string value representing the reason the system booted to a
+// string complying with Android system standard reason.
+char tounderline(char c) { return ::isblank(c) ? '_' : c; }
+char toprintable(char c) { return ::isprint(c) ? c : '?'; }
+
+const char system_reboot_reason_property[] = "sys.boot.reason";
+const char last_reboot_reason_property[] = LAST_REBOOT_REASON_PROPERTY;
+const char bootloader_reboot_reason_property[] = "ro.boot.bootreason";
+
+// Scrub, Sanitize, Standardize and Enhance the boot reason string supplied.
+std::string BootReasonStrToReason(const std::string& boot_reason) {
+  std::string ret(GetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property));
+  std::string reason(boot_reason);
+  // If sys.boot.reason == ro.boot.bootreason, let's re-evaluate
+  if (reason == ret) ret = "";
+
+  // Cleanup boot_reason regarding acceptable character set
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), ::tolower);
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), tounderline);
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), toprintable);
+
+  // Is the current system boot reason sys.boot.reason valid?
+  if (!isKnownRebootReason(ret)) ret = "";
+
+  if (ret == "") {
+    // Is the bootloader boot reason ro.boot.bootreason known?
+    std::vector<std::string> words(android::base::Split(reason, ",_-"));
+    for (auto &s : knownReasons) {
+      std::string blunt;
+      for (auto &r : words) {
+        if (r == s) {
+          if (isBluntRebootReason(s)) {
+            blunt = s;
+          } else {
+            ret = s;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (ret == "") ret = blunt;
+      if (ret != "") break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret == "") {
+    // A series of checks to take some officially unsupported reasons
+    // reported by the bootloader and find some logical and canonical
+    // sense.  In an ideal world, we would require those bootloaders
+    // to behave and follow our standards.
+    static const std::vector<std::pair<const std::string, const std::string>> aliasReasons = {
+      {"watchdog", "wdog"},
+      {"cold,powerkey", "powerkey"},
+      {"kernel_panic", "panic"},
+      {"shutdown,thermal", "thermal"},
+      {"warm,s3_wakeup", "s3_wakeup"},
+      {"hard,hw_reset", "hw_reset"},
+      {"bootloader", ""},
+    };
+
+    // Either the primary or alias is found _somewhere_ in the reason string.
+    for (auto &s : aliasReasons) {
+      if (reason.find(s.first) != std::string::npos) {
+        ret = s.first;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (s.second.size() && (reason.find(s.second) != std::string::npos)) {
+        ret = s.first;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If watchdog is the reason, see if there is a security angle?
+  if (ret == "watchdog") {
+    if (reason.find("sec") != std::string::npos) {
+      ret += ",security";
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Check the other reason resources if the reason is still blunt.
+  if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+    // Check to see if last klog has some refinement hints.
+    std::string content;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0",
+                                         &content)) {
+        android::base::ReadFileToString("/sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops",
+                                         &content);
+    }
+
+    // The toybox reboot command used directly (unlikely)? But also
+    // catches init's response to the Android's more controlled reboot command.
+    if (content.rfind("reboot: Power down") != std::string::npos) {
+      ret = "shutdown"; // Still too blunt, but more accurate.
+      // ToDo: init should record the shutdown reason to kernel messages ala:
+      //           init: shutdown system with command 'last_reboot_reason'
+      //       so that if pstore has persistence we can get some details
+      //       that could be missing in last_reboot_reason_property.
+    }
+
+    static const char cmd[] = "reboot: Restarting system with command '";
+    size_t pos = content.rfind(cmd);
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+      pos += strlen(cmd);
+      std::string subReason(content.substr(pos));
+      pos = subReason.find('\'');
+      if (pos != std::string::npos) subReason.erase(pos);
+      if (subReason != "") { // Will not land "reboot" as that is too blunt.
+        if (isKernelRebootReason(subReason)) {
+          ret = "reboot," + subReason; // User space can't talk kernel reasons.
+        } else {
+          ret = subReason;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check for kernel panics, but allowed to override reboot command.
+    if (content.rfind("sysrq: SysRq : Trigger a crash") != std::string::npos) {
+      // Can not happen, except on userdebug, during testing/debugging.
+      ret = "kernel_panic,sysrq";
+    } else if (content.rfind(
+        "Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address")
+               != std::string::npos) {
+      ret = "kernel_panic,NULL";
+    } else if (content.rfind("Kernel BUG at ") != std::string::npos) {
+      ret = "kernel_panic,BUG";
+    } else if ((content.rfind("Power held for ") != std::string::npos) ||
+        (content.rfind("charger: [") != std::string::npos)) {
+      ret = "cold";
+    }
+
+    // The following battery test should migrate to a default system health HAL
+
+    // Let us not worry if the reboot command was issued, for the cases of
+    // reboot -p, reboot <no reason>, reboot cold, reboot warm and reboot hard.
+    // Same for bootloader and ro.boot.bootreasons of this set, but a dead
+    // battery could conceivably lead to these, so worthy of override.
+    if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+      // Heuristic to determine if shutdown possibly because of a dead battery?
+      // Really a hail-mary pass to find it in last klog content ...
+      static const int battery_dead_threshold = 2; // percent
+      static const char battery[] = "healthd: battery l=";
+      pos = content.rfind(battery); // last one
+      if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        int level = atoi(content.substr(pos + strlen(battery)).c_str());
+        LOG(INFO) << "Battery level at shutdown " << level << "%";
+        if (level <= battery_dead_threshold) {
+          ret = "shutdown,battery";
+        }
+      } else { // Most likely
+        // Content buffer no longer will have console data. Beware if more
+        // checks added below, that depend on parsing console content.
+        content = "";
+
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Can not find last low battery in last console messages";
+        android_logcat_context ctx = create_android_logcat();
+        FILE *fp = android_logcat_popen(&ctx, "logcat -b kernel -v brief -d");
+        if (fp != nullptr) {
+          android::base::ReadFdToString(fileno(fp), &content);
+        }
+        android_logcat_pclose(&ctx, fp);
+        android_logcat_destroy(&ctx);
+        static const char logcat_battery[] = "W/healthd (    0): battery l=";
+        const char* match = logcat_battery;
+
+        if (content == "") {
+          // Service logd.klog not running, go to smaller buffer in the kernel.
+          int rc = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, nullptr, 0);
+          if (rc > 0) {
+            ssize_t len = rc + 1024; // 1K Margin should it grow between calls.
+            std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[len]);
+            rc = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf.get(), len);
+            if (rc < len) {
+              len = rc + 1;
+            }
+            buf[--len] = '\0';
+            content = buf.get();
+          }
+          match = battery;
+        }
+
+        pos = content.find(match); // The first one it finds.
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+          pos += strlen(match);
+          int level = atoi(content.substr(pos).c_str());
+          LOG(INFO) << "Battery level at startup " << level << "%";
+          if (level <= battery_dead_threshold) {
+            ret = "shutdown,battery";
+          }
+        } else {
+          LOG(DEBUG) << "Can not find first battery level in dmesg or logcat";
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Is there a controlled shutdown hint in last_reboot_reason_property?
+    if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+      // Content buffer no longer will have console data. Beware if more
+      // checks added below, that depend on parsing console content.
+      content = GetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property);
+
+      // String is either "reboot,<reason>" or "shutdown,<reason>".
+      // We will set if default reasons, only override with detail if thermal.
+      if (!isBluntRebootReason(content)) {
+        // Ok, we want it, let's squash it if secondReason is known.
+        pos = content.find(',');
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+          ++pos;
+          std::string secondReason(content.substr(pos));
+          ret = isKnownRebootReason(secondReason) ? secondReason : content;
+        } else {
+          ret = content;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Other System Health HAL reasons?
+
+    // ToDo: /proc/sys/kernel/boot_reason needs a HAL interface to
+    //       possibly offer hardware-specific clues from the PMIC.
+  }
+
+  // If unknown left over from above, make it "reboot,<boot_reason>"
+  if (ret == "") {
+    ret = "reboot";
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(reason, "reboot")) {
+      reason = reason.substr(strlen("reboot"));
+      while (reason[0] == ',') {
+        reason = reason.substr(1);
+      }
+    }
+    if (reason != "") {
+      ret += ",";
+      ret += reason;
+    }
+  }
+
+  LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: " << ret;
+  if (isKernelRebootReason(ret) && (GetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property) != "")) {
+    // Rewrite as it must be old news, kernel reasons trump user space.
+    SetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property, ret);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
 // Returns the appropriate metric key prefix for the boot_complete metric such
 // that boot metrics after a system update are labeled as ota_boot_complete;
 // otherwise, they are labeled as boot_complete.  This method encapsulates the
@@ -212,9 +557,19 @@
   if (!boot_event_store.GetBootEvent(kBuildDateKey, &record)) {
     boot_complete_prefix = "factory_reset_" + boot_complete_prefix;
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(kBuildDateKey, build_date);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: " << "reboot,factory_reset";
+    SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,factory_reset");
+    if (GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property) == "") {
+      SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,factory_reset");
+    }
   } else if (build_date != record.second) {
     boot_complete_prefix = "ota_" + boot_complete_prefix;
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(kBuildDateKey, build_date);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: " << "reboot,ota";
+    SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,ota");
+    if (GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property) == "") {
+      SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,ota");
+    }
   }
 
   return boot_complete_prefix;
@@ -358,9 +713,23 @@
 // Records the boot_reason metric by querying the ro.boot.bootreason system
 // property.
 void RecordBootReason() {
-  int32_t boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(GetProperty("ro.boot.bootreason"));
+  const std::string reason(GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property));
+
+  // Log the raw bootloader_boot_reason property value.
+  int32_t boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(reason);
   BootEventRecordStore boot_event_store;
   boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("boot_reason", boot_reason);
+
+  // Log the scrubbed system_boot_reason.
+  const std::string system_reason(BootReasonStrToReason(reason));
+  int32_t system_boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(system_reason);
+  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("system_boot_reason", system_boot_reason);
+
+  // Record the scrubbed system_boot_reason to the property
+  SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, system_reason);
+  if (reason == "") {
+    SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, system_reason);
+  }
 }
 
 // Records two metrics related to the user resetting a device: the time at
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.rc b/bootstat/bootstat.rc
index d697efb..410b854 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.rc
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.rc
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # This file is the LOCAL_INIT_RC file for the bootstat command.
 
+# mirror bootloader boot reason to system boot reason
+on property:ro.boot.bootreason=*
+    setprop sys.boot.reason ${ro.boot.bootreason}
+
 on post-fs-data
     mkdir /data/misc/bootstat 0700 system log
     # To deal with ota transition resulting from a change in DAC from
diff --git a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
index 3513980..6ef3ed6 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,14 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_BIONIC
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
-#include "protocol.h"
 #include "tombstoned/tombstoned.h"
+
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
@@ -461,14 +462,14 @@
   if (wait_for_gdb) {
     // Use ALOGI to line up with output from engrave_tombstone.
     ALOGI(
-      "***********************************************************\n"
-      "* Process %d has been suspended while crashing.\n"
-      "* To attach gdbserver and start gdb, run this on the host:\n"
-      "*\n"
-      "*     gdbclient.py -p %d\n"
-      "*\n"
-      "***********************************************************",
-      target, main_tid);
+        "***********************************************************\n"
+        "* Process %d has been suspended while crashing.\n"
+        "* To attach gdbserver and start gdb, run this on the host:\n"
+        "*\n"
+        "*     gdbclient.py -p %d\n"
+        "*\n"
+        "***********************************************************",
+        target, target);
   }
 
   if (fatal_signal) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
index 43104ec..06d4a9b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
 #include "tombstoned/tombstoned.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
index ac833ae..bfb5ea4 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   pt_regs regs;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
index fa73c99a..ad1c951 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -27,8 +29,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct user_pt_regs regs;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
index 334d97f..f616e1b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -34,9 +36,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 static void dump_process_header(log_t* log, pid_t pid, const char* process_name) {
   time_t t = time(NULL);
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
index 4e798e2..a35102f 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h"
+
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -27,8 +29,6 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "elf_utils.h"
-
 #define NOTE_ALIGN(size)  (((size) + 3) & ~3)
 
 template <typename HdrType, typename PhdrType, typename NhdrType>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/backtrace.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/backtrace.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/backtrace.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/backtrace.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/elf_utils.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/elf_utils.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/machine.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/machine.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/machine.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/machine.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/open_files_list.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/open_files_list.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/tombstone.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/tombstone.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/tombstone.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/tombstone.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/utility.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/utility.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/utility.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/utility.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
index cbf272a..1fc690b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #define R(x) (static_cast<uintptr_t>(x))
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
index 0a8d532..955e507 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #define R(x) (static_cast<uintptr_t>(x))
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
index 5c7ea70..e199db8 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -31,9 +33,7 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "open_files_list.h"
-
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void populate_open_files_list(pid_t pid, OpenFilesList* list) {
   std::string fd_dir_name = "/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/fd";
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
index 49f3690..0fad2cf 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
+
 #include "BacktraceMock.h"
 #include "log_fake.h"
-#include "utility.h"
 
 const char g_expected_full_dump[] =
 "\nmemory near r1:\n"
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
index bb52b59..f8cbca7 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "elf_fake.h"
+
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <string>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
index 3336bcb..68f4013 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "log_fake.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
index 85e0695..acac72c 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 
-#include "open_files_list.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 // Check that we can produce a list of open files for the current process, and
 // that it includes a known open file.
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
index f40cbd4..0d4080e 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "ptrace_fake.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -21,8 +23,6 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "ptrace_fake.h"
-
 siginfo_t g_fake_si = {.si_signo = 0};
 
 void ptrace_set_fake_getsiginfo(const siginfo_t& si) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
index 6be59e7..e79dd96 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include "BacktraceMock.h"
 #include "elf_fake.h"
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index b809ed4..f5ecf48 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -43,22 +45,18 @@
 #include <log/logprint.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+// Needed to get DEBUGGER_SIGNAL.
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "elf_utils.h"
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "open_files_list.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 #define STACK_WORDS 16
 
-#define MAX_TOMBSTONES  10
-#define TOMBSTONE_DIR   "/data/tombstones"
-#define TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE (TOMBSTONE_DIR"/tombstone_%02d")
-
 static bool signal_has_si_addr(int si_signo, int si_code) {
   // Manually sent signals won't have si_addr.
   if (si_code == SI_USER || si_code == SI_QUEUE || si_code == SI_TKILL) {
@@ -764,59 +762,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-// open_tombstone - find an available tombstone slot, if any, of the
-// form tombstone_XX where XX is 00 to MAX_TOMBSTONES-1, inclusive. If no
-// file is available, we reuse the least-recently-modified file.
-int open_tombstone(std::string* out_path) {
-  // In a single pass, find an available slot and, in case none
-  // exist, find and record the least-recently-modified file.
-  char path[128];
-  int fd = -1;
-  int oldest = -1;
-  struct stat oldest_sb;
-  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TOMBSTONES; i++) {
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE, i);
-
-    struct stat sb;
-    if (stat(path, &sb) == 0) {
-      if (oldest < 0 || sb.st_mtime < oldest_sb.st_mtime) {
-        oldest = i;
-        oldest_sb.st_mtime = sb.st_mtime;
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (errno != ENOENT) continue;
-
-    fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
-    if (fd < 0) continue;  // raced ?
-
-    if (out_path) {
-      *out_path = path;
-    }
-    fchown(fd, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
-    return fd;
-  }
-
-  if (oldest < 0) {
-    ALOGE("debuggerd: failed to find a valid tombstone, default to using tombstone 0.\n");
-    oldest = 0;
-  }
-
-  // we didn't find an available file, so we clobber the oldest one
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE, oldest);
-  fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
-  if (fd < 0) {
-    ALOGE("debuggerd: failed to open tombstone file '%s': %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (out_path) {
-    *out_path = path;
-  }
-  fchown(fd, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
-  return fd;
-}
-
 void engrave_tombstone(int tombstone_fd, BacktraceMap* map, BacktraceMap* map_new,
                        const OpenFilesList* open_files, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
                        const std::string& process_name, const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads,
@@ -855,10 +800,22 @@
   dump_abort_message(backtrace.get(), &log, abort_msg_address);
   dump_registers(&log, ucontext);
 
-  // TODO: Dump registers from the ucontext.
   if (backtrace->Unwind(0, ucontext)) {
     dump_backtrace_and_stack(backtrace.get(), &log);
   } else {
     ALOGE("Unwind failed: pid = %d, tid = %d", pid, tid);
   }
+
+  // TODO: Make this match the format of dump_all_maps above.
+  _LOG(&log, logtype::MAPS, "memory map:\n");
+  android::base::unique_fd maps_fd(open("/proc/self/maps", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+  if (maps_fd == -1) {
+    _LOG(&log, logtype::MAPS, "    failed to open /proc/self/maps: %s", strerror(errno));
+  } else {
+    char buf[256];
+    ssize_t rc;
+    while ((rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(maps_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf)))) > 0) {
+      android::base::WriteFully(tombstone_fd, buf, rc);
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
index 7f450e6..1b74652 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
index af10817..09a64cd 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -24,8 +26,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct pt_regs r;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
index bf2c2b4..de1c268 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct user_regs_struct r;
diff --git a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
index 93c7fb5..1bf8f14 100644
--- a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
@@ -389,8 +389,9 @@
 
   intercept_manager = new InterceptManager(base, intercept_socket);
 
-  evconnlistener* tombstone_listener = evconnlistener_new(
-      base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_tombstones(), -1, LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, crash_socket);
+  evconnlistener* tombstone_listener =
+      evconnlistener_new(base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_tombstones(), LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
+                         -1 /* backlog */, crash_socket);
   if (!tombstone_listener) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create evconnlistener for tombstones.";
   }
@@ -402,8 +403,9 @@
     }
 
     evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(java_trace_socket);
-    evconnlistener* java_trace_listener = evconnlistener_new(
-        base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_anrs(), -1, LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, java_trace_socket);
+    evconnlistener* java_trace_listener =
+        evconnlistener_new(base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_anrs(), LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
+                           -1 /* backlog */, java_trace_socket);
     if (!java_trace_listener) {
       LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create evconnlistener for java traces.";
     }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index 608917a..7fd67c2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
         "fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "liblogwrap",
         "libfec",
         "libfec_rs",
         "libbase",
@@ -53,6 +52,7 @@
         "libfstab",
     ],
     whole_static_libs: [
+        "liblogwrap",
         "libfstab",
     ],
     product_variables: {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.mk b/fs_mgr/Android.mk
index 18ccc43..007189d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.mk
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.mk
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 LOCAL_MODULE:= fs_mgr
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := mke2fs mke2fs.conf e2fsdroid
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin
 LOCAL_UNSTRIPPED_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
index a03d92c..75feee7 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
@@ -24,25 +24,21 @@
 #include <cutils/partition_utils.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/make_ext4fs.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 
-extern "C" {
-extern struct fs_info info;     /* magic global from ext4_utils */
-extern void reset_ext4fs_info();
-}
-
 static int format_ext4(char *fs_blkdev, char *fs_mnt_point, bool crypt_footer)
 {
     uint64_t dev_sz;
     int fd, rc = 0;
+    int status;
 
     if ((fd = open(fs_blkdev, O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
         PERROR << "Cannot open block device";
@@ -55,30 +51,36 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    struct selabel_handle *sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
-    if (!sehandle) {
-        /* libselinux logs specific error */
-        LERROR << "Cannot initialize android file_contexts";
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* Format the partition using the calculated length */
-    reset_ext4fs_info();
-    info.len = (off64_t)dev_sz;
-    if (crypt_footer) {
-        info.len -= CRYPT_FOOTER_OFFSET;
-    }
-
-    /* Use make_ext4fs_internal to avoid wiping an already-wiped partition. */
-    rc = make_ext4fs_internal(fd, NULL, NULL, fs_mnt_point, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, sehandle, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    if (rc) {
-        LERROR << "make_ext4fs returned " << rc;
-    }
     close(fd);
 
-    if (sehandle) {
-        selabel_close(sehandle);
+    /* Format the partition using the calculated length */
+    if (crypt_footer) {
+        dev_sz -= CRYPT_FOOTER_OFFSET;
+    }
+
+    std::string size_str = std::to_string(dev_sz / 4096);
+    const char* const mke2fs_args[] = {
+        "/system/bin/mke2fs", "-t", "ext4", "-b", "4096", fs_blkdev, size_str.c_str(), nullptr};
+
+    rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(mke2fs_args), const_cast<char**>(mke2fs_args), &status,
+                                 true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+    if (rc) {
+        LERROR << "mke2fs returned " << rc;
+        return rc;
+    }
+
+    const char* const e2fsdroid_args[] = {
+        "/system/bin/e2fsdroid",
+        "-e",
+        "-a",
+        fs_mnt_point,
+        fs_blkdev,
+        nullptr};
+
+    rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(e2fsdroid_args), const_cast<char**>(e2fsdroid_args),
+                                 &status, true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+    if (rc) {
+        LERROR << "e2fsdroid returned " << rc;
     }
 
     return rc;
@@ -86,44 +88,11 @@
 
 static int format_f2fs(char *fs_blkdev)
 {
-    char * args[5];
-    int pid;
-    int rc = 0;
+    int status;
+    const char* const args[] = {"/system/bin/make_f2fs", "-f", "-O encrypt", fs_blkdev, nullptr};
 
-    args[0] = (char *)"/system/bin/make_f2fs";
-    args[1] = (char *)"-f";
-    args[2] = (char *)"-O encrypt";
-    args[3] = fs_blkdev;
-    args[4] = (char *)0;
-
-    pid = fork();
-    if (pid < 0) {
-       return pid;
-    }
-    if (!pid) {
-        /* This doesn't return */
-        execv(args[0], args);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    for(;;) {
-        pid_t p = waitpid(pid, &rc, 0);
-        if (p != pid) {
-            LERROR << "Error waiting for child process - " << p;
-            rc = -1;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (WIFEXITED(rc)) {
-            rc = WEXITSTATUS(rc);
-            LINFO << args[0] << " done, status " << rc;
-            if (rc) {
-                rc = -1;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        LERROR << "Still waiting for " << args[0] << "...";
-    }
-
-    return rc;
+    return android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(args), const_cast<char**>(args), &status, true,
+                                   LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 int fs_mgr_do_format(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool crypt_footer)
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index 33dfe56..672942e 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
         "import_parser.cpp",
         "log.cpp",
         "parser.cpp",
+        "persistent_properties.cpp",
         "property_service.cpp",
         "security.cpp",
         "selinux.cpp",
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@
         "init_first_stage.cpp",
         "keychords.cpp",
         "reboot.cpp",
-        "signal_handler.cpp",
+        "sigchld_handler.cpp",
         "ueventd.cpp",
         "watchdogd.cpp",
     ],
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "devices_test.cpp",
         "init_test.cpp",
+        "persistent_properties_test.cpp",
         "property_service_test.cpp",
         "result_test.cpp",
         "rlimit_parser_test.cpp",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 23ada73..6c28517 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     init_first_stage.cpp \
     keychords.cpp \
     reboot.cpp \
-    signal_handler.cpp \
+    sigchld_handler.cpp \
     ueventd.cpp \
     watchdogd.cpp \
 
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index b681f21..7df37ff 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -453,8 +453,9 @@
 `rmdir <path>`
 > Calls rmdir(2) on the given path.
 
-`readahead <file|dir>`
+`readahead <file|dir> [--fully]`
 > Calls readahead(2) on the file or files within given directory.
+  Use option --fully to read the full file content.
 
 `setprop <name> <value>`
 > Set system property _name_ to _value_. Properties are expanded
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index e2e3d93..886c572 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "bootchart.h"
@@ -65,7 +66,6 @@
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "rlimit_parser.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "signal_handler.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
@@ -670,6 +670,29 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+static Result<Success> readahead_file(const std::string& filename, bool fully) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error opening file";
+    }
+    if (posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error posix_fadvise file";
+    }
+    if (readahead(fd, 0, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max())) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error readahead file";
+    }
+    if (fully) {
+        char buf[BUFSIZ];
+        ssize_t n;
+        while ((n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &buf[0], sizeof(buf)))) > 0) {
+        }
+        if (n != 0) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Error reading file";
+        }
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
 static Result<Success> do_readahead(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     struct stat sb;
 
@@ -677,6 +700,10 @@
         return ErrnoError() << "Error opening " << args[1];
     }
 
+    bool readfully = false;
+    if (args.size() == 3 && args[2] == "--fully") {
+        readfully = true;
+    }
     // We will do readahead in a forked process in order not to block init
     // since it may block while it reads the
     // filesystem metadata needed to locate the requested blocks.  This
@@ -685,15 +712,16 @@
     // the requested data has been read.
     pid_t pid = fork();
     if (pid == 0) {
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST)) != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "setpriority failed";
+        }
+        if (android_set_ioprio(0, IoSchedClass_IDLE, 7)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "ioprio_get failed";
+        }
         android::base::Timer t;
         if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
-            android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(args[1].c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
-            if (fd == -1) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Error opening file: " << args[1];
-                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-            }
-            if (readahead(fd, 0, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max())) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Error readahead file: " << args[1];
+            if (auto result = readahead_file(args[1], readfully); !result) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Unable to readahead '" << args[1] << "': " << result.error();
                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
         } else if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
@@ -708,19 +736,15 @@
             for (FTSENT* ftsent = fts_read(fts.get()); ftsent != nullptr;
                  ftsent = fts_read(fts.get())) {
                 if (ftsent->fts_info & FTS_F) {
-                    android::base::unique_fd fd(
-                        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(ftsent->fts_accpath, O_RDONLY)));
-                    if (fd == -1) {
-                        PLOG(ERROR) << "Error opening file: " << args[1];
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if (readahead(fd, 0, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max())) {
-                        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to readahead on file: " << ftsent->fts_accpath;
+                    const std::string filename = ftsent->fts_accpath;
+                    if (auto result = readahead_file(filename, readfully); !result) {
+                        LOG(WARNING)
+                            << "Unable to readahead '" << filename << "': " << result.error();
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-        LOG(INFO) << "Readahead " << args[1] << " took " << t;
+        LOG(INFO) << "Readahead " << args[1] << " took " << t << " asynchronously";
         _exit(0);
     } else if (pid < 0) {
         return ErrnoError() << "Fork failed";
@@ -949,7 +973,7 @@
         {"mount_all",               {1,     kMax, do_mount_all}},
         {"mount",                   {3,     kMax, do_mount}},
         {"umount",                  {1,     1,    do_umount}},
-        {"readahead",               {1,     1,    do_readahead}},
+        {"readahead",               {1,     2,    do_readahead}},
         {"restart",                 {1,     1,    do_restart}},
         {"restorecon",              {1,     kMax, do_restorecon}},
         {"restorecon_recursive",    {1,     kMax, do_restorecon_recursive}},
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 678f49f..c3e08fb 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/signalfd.h>
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "security.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
-#include "signal_handler.h"
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
 #include "ueventd.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "watchdogd.h"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 std::string default_console = "/dev/console";
 
 static int epoll_fd = -1;
+static int sigterm_signal_fd = -1;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
 static std::string wait_prop_name;
@@ -392,6 +394,41 @@
     sigaction(SIGTRAP, &action, nullptr);
 }
 
+static void HandleSigtermSignal() {
+    signalfd_siginfo siginfo;
+    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(sigterm_signal_fd, &siginfo, sizeof(siginfo)));
+    if (bytes_read != sizeof(siginfo)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read siginfo from sigterm_signal_fd";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (siginfo.ssi_pid != 0) {
+        // Drop any userspace SIGTERM requests.
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Ignoring SIGTERM from pid " << siginfo.ssi_pid;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Handling SIGTERM, shutting system down";
+    HandlePowerctlMessage("shutdown");
+}
+
+static void InstallSigtermHandler() {
+    sigset_t mask;
+    sigemptyset(&mask);
+    sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);
+
+    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, nullptr) == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to block SIGTERM";
+    }
+
+    sigterm_signal_fd = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_CLOEXEC);
+    if (sigterm_signal_fd == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create signalfd for SIGTERM";
+    }
+
+    register_epoll_handler(sigterm_signal_fd, HandleSigtermSignal);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
         return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
@@ -527,7 +564,13 @@
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    signal_handler_init();
+    sigchld_handler_init();
+
+    if (!IsRebootCapable()) {
+        // If init does not have the CAP_SYS_BOOT capability, it is running in a container.
+        // In that case, receiving SIGTERM will cause the system to shut down.
+        InstallSigtermHandler();
+    }
 
     property_load_boot_defaults();
     export_oem_lock_status();
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties.cpp b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66fa011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::ReadFdToString;
+using android::base::StartsWith;
+using android::base::WriteStringToFd;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+std::string persistent_property_filename = "/data/property/persistent_properties";
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr const uint32_t kMagic = 0x8495E0B4;
+constexpr const char kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir[] = "/data/property";
+
+Result<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>> LoadLegacyPersistentProperties() {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir), closedir);
+    if (!dir) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
+                            << kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir << "\"";
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties;
+    dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!StartsWith(entry->d_name, "persist.")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        unique_fd fd(openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW));
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\"";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        struct stat sb;
+        if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "fstat on property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\" failed";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // File must not be accessible to others, be owned by root/root, and
+        // not be a hard link to any other file.
+        if (((sb.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)) != 0) || sb.st_uid != 0 || sb.st_gid != 0 ||
+            sb.st_nlink != 1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "skipping insecure property file " << entry->d_name
+                        << " (uid=" << sb.st_uid << " gid=" << sb.st_gid << " nlink=" << sb.st_nlink
+                        << " mode=" << std::oct << sb.st_mode << ")";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::string value;
+        if (ReadFdToString(fd, &value)) {
+            persistent_properties.emplace_back(entry->d_name, value);
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read persistent property file " << entry->d_name;
+        }
+    }
+    return persistent_properties;
+}
+
+void RemoveLegacyPersistentPropertyFiles() {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir), closedir);
+    if (!dir) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
+                    << kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir << "\"";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!StartsWith(entry->d_name, "persist.")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        unlinkat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> LoadPersistentPropertiesFromMemory() {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> properties;
+    __system_property_foreach(
+        [](const prop_info* pi, void* cookie) {
+            __system_property_read_callback(
+                pi,
+                [](void* cookie, const char* name, const char* value, unsigned serial) {
+                    if (StartsWith(name, "persist.")) {
+                        auto properties =
+                            reinterpret_cast<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>*>(
+                                cookie);
+                        properties->emplace_back(name, value);
+                    }
+                },
+                cookie);
+        },
+        &properties);
+    return properties;
+}
+
+class PersistentPropertyFileParser {
+  public:
+    PersistentPropertyFileParser(const std::string& contents) : contents_(contents), position_(0) {}
+    Result<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>> Parse();
+
+  private:
+    Result<std::string> ReadString();
+    Result<uint32_t> ReadUint32();
+
+    const std::string& contents_;
+    size_t position_;
+};
+
+Result<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>> PersistentPropertyFileParser::Parse() {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> result;
+
+    if (auto magic = ReadUint32(); magic) {
+        if (*magic != kMagic) {
+            return Error() << "Magic value '0x" << std::hex << *magic
+                           << "' does not match expected value '0x" << kMagic << "'";
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not read magic value: " << magic.error();
+    }
+
+    if (auto version = ReadUint32(); version) {
+        if (*version != 1) {
+            return Error() << "Version '" << *version
+                           << "' does not match any compatible version: (1)";
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not read version: " << version.error();
+    }
+
+    auto num_properties = ReadUint32();
+    if (!num_properties) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read num_properties: " << num_properties.error();
+    }
+
+    while (position_ < contents_.size()) {
+        auto key = ReadString();
+        if (!key) {
+            return Error() << "Could not read key: " << key.error();
+        }
+        if (!StartsWith(*key, "persist.")) {
+            return Error() << "Property '" << *key << "' does not starts with 'persist.'";
+        }
+        auto value = ReadString();
+        if (!value) {
+            return Error() << "Could not read value: " << value.error();
+        }
+        result.emplace_back(*key, *value);
+    }
+
+    if (result.size() != *num_properties) {
+        return Error() << "Mismatch of number of persistent properties read, " << result.size()
+                       << " and number of persistent properties expected, " << *num_properties;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<std::string> PersistentPropertyFileParser::ReadString() {
+    auto string_length = ReadUint32();
+    if (!string_length) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read size for string";
+    }
+
+    if (position_ + *string_length > contents_.size()) {
+        return Error() << "String size would cause it to overflow the input buffer";
+    }
+    auto result = std::string(contents_, position_, *string_length);
+    position_ += *string_length;
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<uint32_t> PersistentPropertyFileParser::ReadUint32() {
+    if (position_ + 3 > contents_.size()) {
+        return Error() << "Input buffer not large enough to read uint32_t";
+    }
+    uint32_t result = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&contents_[position_]);
+    position_ += sizeof(uint32_t);
+    return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Result<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>> LoadPersistentPropertyFile() {
+    const std::string temp_filename = persistent_property_filename + ".tmp";
+    if (access(temp_filename.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+        LOG(INFO)
+            << "Found temporary property file while attempting to persistent system properties"
+               " a previous persistent property write may have failed";
+        unlink(temp_filename.c_str());
+    }
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(persistent_property_filename);
+    if (!file_contents) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to read persistent property file: " << file_contents.error();
+    }
+    auto parsed_contents = PersistentPropertyFileParser(*file_contents).Parse();
+    if (!parsed_contents) {
+        // If the file cannot be parsed, then we don't have any recovery mechanisms, so we delete
+        // it to allow for future writes to take place successfully.
+        unlink(persistent_property_filename.c_str());
+        return Error() << "Unable to parse persistent property file: " << parsed_contents.error();
+    }
+    return parsed_contents;
+}
+
+std::string GenerateFileContents(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& persistent_properties) {
+    std::string result;
+
+    uint32_t magic = kMagic;
+    result.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&magic), sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    uint32_t version = 1;
+    result.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&version), sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    uint32_t num_properties = persistent_properties.size();
+    result.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&num_properties), sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+    for (const auto& [key, value] : persistent_properties) {
+        uint32_t key_length = key.length();
+        result.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&key_length), sizeof(uint32_t));
+        result.append(key);
+        uint32_t value_length = value.length();
+        result.append(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value_length), sizeof(uint32_t));
+        result.append(value);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<Success> WritePersistentPropertyFile(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& persistent_properties) {
+    auto file_contents = GenerateFileContents(persistent_properties);
+
+    const std::string temp_filename = persistent_property_filename + ".tmp";
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        open(temp_filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not open temporary properties file";
+    }
+    if (!WriteStringToFd(file_contents, fd)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to write file contents";
+    }
+    fsync(fd);
+    fd.reset();
+
+    if (rename(temp_filename.c_str(), persistent_property_filename.c_str())) {
+        int saved_errno = errno;
+        unlink(temp_filename.c_str());
+        return Error(saved_errno) << "Unable to rename persistent property file";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+// Persistent properties are not written often, so we rather not keep any data in memory and read
+// then rewrite the persistent property file for each update.
+void WritePersistentProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
+    auto persistent_properties = LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+    if (!persistent_properties) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Recovering persistent properties from memory: "
+                   << persistent_properties.error();
+        persistent_properties = LoadPersistentPropertiesFromMemory();
+    }
+    auto it = std::find_if(persistent_properties->begin(), persistent_properties->end(),
+                           [&name](const auto& entry) { return entry.first == name; });
+    if (it != persistent_properties->end()) {
+        *it = {name, value};
+    } else {
+        persistent_properties->emplace_back(name, value);
+    }
+
+    if (auto result = WritePersistentPropertyFile(*persistent_properties); !result) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not store persistent property: " << result.error();
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> LoadPersistentProperties() {
+    auto persistent_properties = LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+
+    if (!persistent_properties) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not load single persistent property file, trying legacy directory: "
+                   << persistent_properties.error();
+        persistent_properties = LoadLegacyPersistentProperties();
+        if (!persistent_properties) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to load legacy persistent properties: "
+                       << persistent_properties.error();
+            return {};
+        }
+        if (auto result = WritePersistentPropertyFile(*persistent_properties); result) {
+            RemoveLegacyPersistentPropertyFiles();
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to write single persistent property file: " << result.error();
+            // Fall through so that we still set the properties that we've read.
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *persistent_properties;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties.h b/init/persistent_properties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d84d9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _INIT_PERSISTENT_PROPERTIES_H
+#define _INIT_PERSISTENT_PROPERTIES_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "result.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> LoadPersistentProperties();
+void WritePersistentProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
+
+// Exposed only for testing
+Result<std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>> LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+std::string GenerateFileContents(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& persistent_properties);
+Result<Success> WritePersistentPropertyFile(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& persistent_properties);
+extern std::string persistent_property_filename;
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ab5b22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, GeneratedContents) {
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.abc", ""},
+        {"persist.def", "test_success"},
+    };
+    auto generated_contents = GenerateFileContents(persistent_properties);
+
+    // Manually serialized contents below:
+    std::string file_contents;
+    // All values below are written and read as little endian.
+    // Add magic value: 0x8495E0B4
+    file_contents += "\xB4\xE0\x95\x84"s;
+    // Add version: 1
+    file_contents += "\x01\x00\x00\x00"s;
+    // Add number of properties: 2
+    file_contents += "\x02\x00\x00\x00"s;
+
+    // Add first key: persist.abc
+    file_contents += "\x0B\x00\x00\x00persist.abc"s;
+    // Add first value: (empty string)
+    file_contents += "\x00\x00\x00\x00"s;
+
+    // Add second key: persist.def
+    file_contents += "\x0B\x00\x00\x00persist.def"s;
+    // Add second value: test_success
+    file_contents += "\x0C\x00\x00\x00test_success"s;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(file_contents, generated_contents);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, EndToEnd) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "en-US"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+        {"persist.test.empty.value", ""},
+        {"persist.test.new.line", "abc\n\n\nabc"},
+        {"persist.test.numbers", "1234567890"},
+        {"persist.test.non.ascii", "\x00\x01\x02\xFF\xFE\xFD\x7F\x8F\x9F"},
+        // We don't currently allow for non-ascii keys for system properties, but this is a policy
+        // decision, not a technical limitation.
+        {"persist.\x00\x01\x02\xFF\xFE\xFD\x7F\x8F\x9F", "non-ascii-key"},
+    };
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(persistent_properties));
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    EXPECT_EQ(persistent_properties, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, BadMagic) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "ab"));
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(read_back_properties);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        "Unable to parse persistent property file: Could not read magic value: Input buffer not "
+        "large enough to read uint32_t",
+        read_back_properties.error_string());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF"));
+
+    read_back_properties = LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(read_back_properties);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        "Unable to parse persistent property file: Magic value '0xffffffff' does not match "
+        "expected value '0x8495e0b4'",
+        read_back_properties.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, AddProperty) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(persistent_properties));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties_expected = {
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR"},
+    };
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    EXPECT_EQ(persistent_properties_expected, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, UpdateProperty) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "en-US"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(persistent_properties));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties_expected = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    EXPECT_EQ(persistent_properties_expected, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, UpdatePropertyBadParse) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "ab"));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    EXPECT_GT(read_back_properties.size(), 0U);
+
+    auto it = std::find_if(
+        read_back_properties.begin(), read_back_properties.end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+            return entry.first == "persist.sys.locale" && entry.second == "pt-BR";
+        });
+    EXPECT_FALSE(it == read_back_properties.end());
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index f0e4d2e..5f5ed40 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "property_service.h"
 
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <bootimg.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
@@ -54,17 +54,18 @@
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::Timer;
 
-#define PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR  "/data/property"
 #define RECOVERY_MOUNT_POINT "/recovery"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static int persistent_properties_loaded = 0;
+static bool persistent_properties_loaded = false;
 
 static int property_set_fd = -1;
 
@@ -120,29 +121,6 @@
     return check_mac_perms(ctl_name, sctx, cr);
 }
 
-static void write_persistent_property(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-    char tempPath[PATH_MAX];
-    char path[PATH_MAX];
-    int fd;
-
-    snprintf(tempPath, sizeof(tempPath), "%s/.temp.XXXXXX", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR);
-    fd = mkstemp(tempPath);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to write persistent property to temp file " << tempPath;
-        return;
-    }
-    write(fd, value, strlen(value));
-    fsync(fd);
-    close(fd);
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR, name);
-    if (rename(tempPath, path)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to rename persistent property file " << tempPath << " to " << path;
-        unlink(tempPath);
-    }
-}
-
 bool is_legal_property_name(const std::string& name) {
     size_t namelen = name.size();
 
@@ -204,7 +182,7 @@
     // Don't write properties to disk until after we have read all default
     // properties to prevent them from being overwritten by default values.
     if (persistent_properties_loaded && android::base::StartsWith(name, "persist.")) {
-        write_persistent_property(name.c_str(), value.c_str());
+        WritePersistentProperty(name, value);
     }
     property_changed(name, value);
     return PROP_SUCCESS;
@@ -442,6 +420,20 @@
     }
   } else {
     if (check_mac_perms(name, source_ctx, &cr)) {
+      // sys.powerctl is a special property that is used to make the device reboot.  We want to log
+      // any process that sets this property to be able to accurately blame the cause of a shutdown.
+      if (name == "sys.powerctl") {
+        std::string cmdline_path = StringPrintf("proc/%d/cmdline", cr.pid);
+        std::string process_cmdline;
+        std::string process_log_string;
+        if (android::base::ReadFileToString(cmdline_path, &process_cmdline)) {
+          // Since cmdline is null deliminated, .c_str() conveniently gives us just the process path.
+          process_log_string = StringPrintf(" (%s)", process_cmdline.c_str());
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Received sys.powerctl='" << value << "' from pid: " << cr.pid
+                  << process_log_string;
+      }
+
       uint32_t result = property_set(name, value);
       if (!legacy_protocol) {
         socket.SendUint32(result);
@@ -599,61 +591,6 @@
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "(Loading properties from " << filename << " took " << t << ".)";
 }
 
-static void load_persistent_properties() {
-    persistent_properties_loaded = 1;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int(*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR), closedir);
-    if (!dir) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
-                    << PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR << "\"";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    struct dirent* entry;
-    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != NULL) {
-        if (strncmp("persist.", entry->d_name, strlen("persist."))) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Open the file and read the property value.
-        int fd = openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (fd == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\"";
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        struct stat sb;
-        if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "fstat on property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\" failed";
-            close(fd);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // File must not be accessible to others, be owned by root/root, and
-        // not be a hard link to any other file.
-        if (((sb.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)) != 0) || sb.st_uid != 0 || sb.st_gid != 0 || sb.st_nlink != 1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "skipping insecure property file " << entry->d_name
-                        << " (uid=" << sb.st_uid << " gid=" << sb.st_gid
-                        << " nlink=" << sb.st_nlink << " mode=" << std::oct << sb.st_mode << ")";
-            close(fd);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        char value[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
-        int length = read(fd, value, sizeof(value) - 1);
-        if (length >= 0) {
-            value[length] = 0;
-            property_set(entry->d_name, value);
-        } else {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read persistent property file " << entry->d_name;
-        }
-        close(fd);
-    }
-}
-
 // persist.sys.usb.config values can't be combined on build-time when property
 // files are split into each partition.
 // So we need to apply the same rule of build/make/tools/post_process_props.py
@@ -703,7 +640,11 @@
 
     load_override_properties();
     /* Read persistent properties after all default values have been loaded. */
-    load_persistent_properties();
+    auto persistent_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    for (const auto& [name, value] : persistent_properties) {
+        property_set(name, value);
+    }
+    persistent_properties_loaded = true;
     property_set("ro.persistent_properties.ready", "true");
 }
 
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 891ca03..049c952 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 #include "init.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "signal_handler.h"
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::Timer;
@@ -169,9 +169,7 @@
                  << stat;
 }
 
-// Determines whether the system is capable of rebooting. This is conservative,
-// so if any of the attempts to determine this fail, it will still return true.
-static bool IsRebootCapable() {
+bool IsRebootCapable() {
     if (!CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_SYS_BOOT)) {
         PLOG(WARNING) << "CAP_SYS_BOOT is not supported";
         return true;
diff --git a/init/reboot.h b/init/reboot.h
index ece407f..1c58bd1 100644
--- a/init/reboot.h
+++ b/init/reboot.h
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@
 // Parses and handles a setprop sys.powerctl message.
 bool HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command);
 
+// Determines whether the system is capable of rebooting. This is conservative,
+// so if any of the attempts to determine this fail, it will still return true.
+bool IsRebootCapable();
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/selinux.cpp b/init/selinux.cpp
index ef59164..3f7ad13 100644
--- a/init/selinux.cpp
+++ b/init/selinux.cpp
@@ -198,9 +198,18 @@
 
 bool FindPrecompiledSplitPolicy(std::string* file) {
     file->clear();
-
-    static constexpr const char precompiled_sepolicy[] = "/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
-    if (access(precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == -1) {
+    // If there is an odm partition, precompiled_sepolicy will be in
+    // odm/etc/selinux. Otherwise it will be in vendor/etc/selinux.
+    static constexpr const char vendor_precompiled_sepolicy[] =
+        "/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
+    static constexpr const char odm_precompiled_sepolicy[] =
+        "/odm/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
+    if (access(odm_precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == 0) {
+        *file = odm_precompiled_sepolicy;
+    } else if (access(vendor_precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == 0) {
+        *file = vendor_precompiled_sepolicy;
+    } else {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "No precompiled sepolicy";
         return false;
     }
     std::string actual_plat_id;
@@ -209,19 +218,18 @@
                       "/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256";
         return false;
     }
+
     std::string precompiled_plat_id;
-    if (!ReadFirstLine("/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256",
-                       &precompiled_plat_id)) {
-        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
-                      "/vendor/etc/selinux/"
-                      "precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256";
+    std::string precompiled_sha256 = *file + ".plat_and_mapping.sha256";
+    if (!ReadFirstLine(precompiled_sha256.c_str(), &precompiled_plat_id)) {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read " << precompiled_sha256;
+        file->clear();
         return false;
     }
     if ((actual_plat_id.empty()) || (actual_plat_id != precompiled_plat_id)) {
+        file->clear();
         return false;
     }
-
-    *file = precompiled_sepolicy;
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -293,24 +301,55 @@
         return false;
     }
     std::string mapping_file("/system/etc/selinux/mapping/" + vend_plat_vers + ".cil");
+
+    // vendor_sepolicy.cil and nonplat_declaration.cil are the new design to replace
+    // nonplat_sepolicy.cil.
+    std::string nonplat_declaration_cil_file("/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_declaration.cil");
+    std::string vendor_policy_cil_file("/vendor/etc/selinux/vendor_sepolicy.cil");
+
+    if (access(vendor_policy_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        // For backward compatibility.
+        // TODO: remove this after no device is using nonplat_sepolicy.cil.
+        vendor_policy_cil_file = "/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_sepolicy.cil";
+        nonplat_declaration_cil_file.clear();
+    } else if (access(nonplat_declaration_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Missing " << nonplat_declaration_cil_file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // odm_sepolicy.cil is default but optional.
+    std::string odm_policy_cil_file("/odm/etc/selinux/odm_sepolicy.cil");
+    if (access(odm_policy_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        odm_policy_cil_file.clear();
+    }
     const std::string version_as_string = std::to_string(max_policy_version);
 
     // clang-format off
-    const char* compile_args[] = {
+    std::vector<const char*> compile_args {
         "/system/bin/secilc",
         plat_policy_cil_file,
         "-M", "true", "-G", "-N",
         // Target the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
         "-c", version_as_string.c_str(),
         mapping_file.c_str(),
-        "/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_sepolicy.cil",
         "-o", compiled_sepolicy,
         // We don't care about file_contexts output by the compiler
         "-f", "/sys/fs/selinux/null",  // /dev/null is not yet available
-        nullptr};
+    };
     // clang-format on
 
-    if (!ForkExecveAndWaitForCompletion(compile_args[0], (char**)compile_args)) {
+    if (!nonplat_declaration_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(nonplat_declaration_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    if (!vendor_policy_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(vendor_policy_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    if (!odm_policy_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(odm_policy_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    compile_args.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    if (!ForkExecveAndWaitForCompletion(compile_args[0], (char**)compile_args.data())) {
         unlink(compiled_sepolicy);
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 6f27a4b..86b910a 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -135,17 +135,21 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void ExpandArgs(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::vector<char*>* strs) {
+static bool ExpandArgsAndExecv(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::vector<std::string> expanded_args;
+    std::vector<char*> c_strings;
+
     expanded_args.resize(args.size());
-    strs->push_back(const_cast<char*>(args[0].c_str()));
+    c_strings.push_back(const_cast<char*>(args[0].data()));
     for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
         if (!expand_props(args[i], &expanded_args[i])) {
             LOG(FATAL) << args[0] << ": cannot expand '" << args[i] << "'";
         }
-        strs->push_back(const_cast<char*>(expanded_args[i].c_str()));
+        c_strings.push_back(expanded_args[i].data());
     }
-    strs->push_back(nullptr);
+    c_strings.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    return execv(c_strings[0], c_strings.data()) == 0;
 }
 
 unsigned long Service::next_start_order_ = 1;
@@ -785,10 +789,8 @@
         // priority. Aborts on failure.
         SetProcessAttributes();
 
-        std::vector<char*> strs;
-        ExpandArgs(args_, &strs);
-        if (execv(strs[0], (char**)&strs[0]) < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot execve('" << strs[0] << "')";
+        if (!ExpandArgsAndExecv(args_)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot execve('" << args_[0] << "')";
         }
 
         _exit(127);
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.cpp b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from init/signal_handler.cpp
rename to init/sigchld_handler.cpp
index 9e49c48..8fc9956 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "signal_handler.h"
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
 
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void signal_handler_init() {
+void sigchld_handler_init() {
     // Create a signalling mechanism for SIGCHLD.
     int s[2];
     if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, s) == -1) {
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/init/sigchld_handler.h
similarity index 88%
rename from init/signal_handler.h
rename to init/sigchld_handler.h
index 9362be5..c86dc8d 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.h
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
+#define _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
 void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+void sigchld_handler_init(void);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
index 3b2f38e..61812ab 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@
 #include "UnwindStack.h"
 #include "UnwindStackMap.h"
 
-static std::string GetFunctionName(pid_t pid, BacktraceMap* back_map, uintptr_t pc,
-                                   uintptr_t* offset) {
+static std::string GetFunctionName(BacktraceMap* back_map, uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
   *offset = 0;
   unwindstack::Maps* maps = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map)->stack_maps();
 
@@ -52,7 +51,8 @@
     return "";
   }
 
-  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(pid, true);
+  UnwindStackMap* stack_map = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map);
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(stack_map->process_memory(), true);
 
   std::string name;
   uint64_t func_offset;
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@
   return library == "libunwindstack.so" || library == "libbacktrace.so";
 }
 
-static bool Unwind(pid_t pid, unwindstack::Memory* memory, unwindstack::Regs* regs,
-                   BacktraceMap* back_map, std::vector<backtrace_frame_data_t>* frames,
-                   size_t num_ignore_frames) {
-  unwindstack::Maps* maps = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map)->stack_maps();
+static bool Unwind(unwindstack::Regs* regs, BacktraceMap* back_map,
+                   std::vector<backtrace_frame_data_t>* frames, size_t num_ignore_frames) {
+  UnwindStackMap* stack_map = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map);
+  unwindstack::Maps* maps = stack_map->stack_maps();
   bool adjust_rel_pc = false;
   size_t num_frames = 0;
   frames->clear();
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(pid, true);
+    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(stack_map->process_memory(), true);
     uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
 
     bool skip_frame = num_frames == 0 && IsUnwindLibrary(map_info->name);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, memory)) {
+    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, stack_map->process_memory().get())) {
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@
 }
 
 UnwindStackCurrent::UnwindStackCurrent(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map)
-    : BacktraceCurrent(pid, tid, map), memory_(new unwindstack::MemoryLocal) {}
+    : BacktraceCurrent(pid, tid, map) {}
 
 std::string UnwindStackCurrent::GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
-  return ::GetFunctionName(Pid(), GetMap(), pc, offset);
+  return ::GetFunctionName(GetMap(), pc, offset);
 }
 
 bool UnwindStackCurrent::UnwindFromContext(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* ucontext) {
@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@
   }
 
   error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_NO_ERROR;
-  return ::Unwind(getpid(), memory_.get(), regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
+  return ::Unwind(regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
 }
 
 UnwindStackPtrace::UnwindStackPtrace(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map)
-    : BacktracePtrace(pid, tid, map), memory_(new unwindstack::MemoryRemote(pid)) {}
+    : BacktracePtrace(pid, tid, map) {}
 
 std::string UnwindStackPtrace::GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
-  return ::GetFunctionName(Pid(), GetMap(), pc, offset);
+  return ::GetFunctionName(GetMap(), pc, offset);
 }
 
 bool UnwindStackPtrace::Unwind(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* context) {
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
   }
 
   error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_NO_ERROR;
-  return ::Unwind(Pid(), memory_.get(), regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
+  return ::Unwind(regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
 }
 
 Backtrace* Backtrace::CreateNew(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map) {
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h
index 32d1f51..be9ef63 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
   std::string GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) override;
 
   bool UnwindFromContext(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* ucontext) override;
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Memory> memory_;
 };
 
 class UnwindStackPtrace : public BacktracePtrace {
@@ -48,9 +45,6 @@
   bool Unwind(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* context) override;
 
   std::string GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset);
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Memory> memory_;
 };
 
 #endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWIND_STACK_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
index ba9fd87..d4a2444 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
     stack_maps_.reset(new unwindstack::RemoteMaps(pid_));
   }
 
+  // Create the process memory object.
+  process_memory_ = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid_);
+
   if (!stack_maps_->Parse()) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@
   if (map_info == nullptr) {
     return;
   }
-  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(pid_, true);
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, true);
   map->load_bias = elf->GetLoadBias();
 }
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
index 7885b74..b93b340 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
 
@@ -34,8 +36,11 @@
 
   unwindstack::Maps* stack_maps() { return stack_maps_.get(); }
 
+  const std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory() { return process_memory_; }
+
  protected:
   std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Maps> stack_maps_;
+  std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory> process_memory_;
 };
 
 #endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWINDSTACK_MAP_H
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index a1dbd78..1185040 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETGID),
                                               "system/bin/logd" },
+    { 00550, AID_SYSTEM,    AID_LOG,      CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SYSLOG),
+                                              "system/bin/bootstat" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETUID) |
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETGID),
                                               "system/bin/run-as" },
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
index 54bfee5..cf03868 100644
--- a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
+++ b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libgrallocusage",
+    vendor_available: true,
     cppflags: [
         "-Weverything",
         "-Werror",
@@ -26,4 +27,5 @@
     srcs: ["GrallocUsageConversion.cpp"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     shared_libs: ["android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0"],
+    header_libs: ["libhardware_headers"],
 }
diff --git a/liblog/Android.bp b/liblog/Android.bp
index e74aa82..b98d18f 100644
--- a/liblog/Android.bp
+++ b/liblog/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,24 @@
     "logd_writer.c",
 ]
 
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "liblog_headers",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        vendor: {
+            export_include_dirs: ["include_vndk"],
+        },
+    },
+}
+
 // Shared and static library for host and device
 // ========================================================
 cc_library {
@@ -81,7 +99,8 @@
         },
     },
 
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: ["liblog_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["liblog_headers"],
 
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
@@ -100,7 +119,7 @@
 }
 
 ndk_headers {
-    name: "liblog_headers",
+    name: "liblog_ndk_headers",
     from: "include/android",
     to: "android",
     srcs: ["include/android/log.h"],
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
index 5a3f04c..339a06d 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 #define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H
 
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+__BEGIN_DECLS
 
 /*
  * Normally we strip the effects of ALOGV (VERBOSE messages),
@@ -385,8 +384,6 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+__END_DECLS
 
 #endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H */
diff --git a/liblog/local_logger.c b/liblog/local_logger.c
index 522867d..563cb3f 100644
--- a/liblog/local_logger.c
+++ b/liblog/local_logger.c
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@
       log->last[logId] = node->prev;
     }
     list_remove(node);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node == log->last[logId], "corrupted list");
     free(e);
   }
   /* add entry to list */
diff --git a/liblog/logprint.c b/liblog/logprint.c
index b62f8b4..a2839bf 100644
--- a/liblog/logprint.c
+++ b/liblog/logprint.c
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@
   while (!list_empty(&convertHead)) {
     struct listnode* node = list_head(&convertHead);
     list_remove(node);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node == list_head(&convertHead), "corrupted list");
     free(node);
   }
 }
diff --git a/libmemtrack/Android.bp b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
index 68c580a..0955633 100644
--- a/libmemtrack/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libmemtrack",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
     srcs: ["memtrack.cpp"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp b/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
index c630049..f446719 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
@@ -73,15 +73,18 @@
 TEST_F(DisableMallocTest, deadlock_new) {
   ASSERT_DEATH(
       {
-        char* ptr = new (char);
+        // C++ allows `new Foo` to be replaced with a stack allocation or merged
+        // with future `new Foo` expressions, provided certain conditions are
+        // met [expr.new/10]. None of this applies to `operator new(size_t)`.
+        void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
         ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
-        delete (ptr);
+        ::operator delete(ptr);
         {
           alarm(100ms);
           ScopedDisableMalloc disable_malloc;
-          char* ptr = new (std::nothrow)(char);
+          void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
           ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
-          delete (ptr);
+          ::operator delete(ptr);
         }
       },
       "");
@@ -90,14 +93,12 @@
 TEST_F(DisableMallocTest, deadlock_delete) {
   ASSERT_DEATH(
       {
-        char* ptr = new (char);
+        void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
         ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
         {
           alarm(250ms);
           ScopedDisableMalloc disable_malloc;
-          delete (ptr);
-          // Force ptr usage or this code gets optimized away by the arm64 compiler.
-          ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
+          ::operator delete(ptr);
         }
       },
       "");
diff --git a/libsync/sync.c b/libsync/sync.c
index baeccda..e657658 100644
--- a/libsync/sync.c
+++ b/libsync/sync.c
@@ -275,7 +275,6 @@
     info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sync_file_info) +
                      num_fences * sizeof(struct sync_fence_info));
     if (!info) {
-        free(legacy_info);
         return NULL;
     }
     info->sync_fence_info = (__u64)(uintptr_t)(info + 1);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index b971a9e..32ba692 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libunwindstack",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
@@ -57,6 +61,13 @@
         "Symbols.cpp",
     ],
 
+    target: {
+        // Always disable optimizations for host to make it easier to debug.
+        linux: {
+            cflags: ["-O0", "-g"],
+        },
+    },
+
     arch: {
         x86: {
             srcs: ["AsmGetRegsX86.S"],
@@ -97,7 +108,6 @@
         "tests/ElfTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfTestUtils.cpp",
         "tests/LogFake.cpp",
-        "tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapsTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp",
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
index 4fc7c67..4f7476d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
@@ -124,6 +124,28 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+void Elf::GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size) {
+  if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
+    *valid = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  *size = 0;
+  *valid = true;
+
+  // Now read the section header information.
+  uint8_t class_type;
+  if (!memory->Read(EI_CLASS, &class_type, 1)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (class_type == ELFCLASS32) {
+    ElfInterface32::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
+  } else if (class_type == ELFCLASS64) {
+    ElfInterface64::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
+  } else {
+    *valid = false;
+  }
+}
+
 ElfInterface* Elf::CreateInterfaceFromMemory(Memory* memory) {
   if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
     return nullptr;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index 75abc85..be4f88a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -370,6 +370,22 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+// This is an estimation of the size of the elf file using the location
+// of the section headers and size. This assumes that the section headers
+// are at the end of the elf file. If the elf has a load bias, the size
+// will be too large, but this is acceptable.
+template <typename EhdrType>
+void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+  EhdrType ehdr;
+  if (!memory->Read(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ehdr.e_shnum == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  *size = ehdr.e_shoff + ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum;
+}
+
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>();
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>();
@@ -391,4 +407,7 @@
 template bool ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf64_Sym>(uint64_t, std::string*,
                                                                    uint64_t*);
 
+template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
+template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index d0e1216..96f2cb4 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -27,60 +28,88 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-Memory* MapInfo::CreateMemory(pid_t pid) {
+Memory* MapInfo::GetFileMemory() {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryFileAtOffset> memory(new MemoryFileAtOffset);
+  if (offset == 0) {
+    if (memory->Init(name, 0)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // There are two possibilities when the offset is non-zero.
+  // - There is an elf file embedded in a file.
+  // - The whole file is an elf file, and the offset needs to be saved.
+  //
+  // Map in just the part of the file for the map. If this is not
+  // a valid elf, then reinit as if the whole file is an elf file.
+  // If the offset is a valid elf, then determine the size of the map
+  // and reinit to that size. This is needed because the dynamic linker
+  // only maps in a portion of the original elf, and never the symbol
+  // file data.
+  uint64_t map_size = end - start;
+  if (!memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool valid;
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  Elf::GetInfo(memory.get(), &valid, &max_size);
+  if (!valid) {
+    // Init as if the whole file is an elf.
+    if (memory->Init(name, 0)) {
+      elf_offset = offset;
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (max_size > map_size) {
+    if (memory->Init(name, offset, max_size)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    // Try to reinit using the default map_size.
+    if (memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return memory.release();
+}
+
+Memory* MapInfo::CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory) {
   if (end <= start) {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   elf_offset = 0;
 
+  // Fail on device maps.
+  if (flags & MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   // First try and use the file associated with the info.
   if (!name.empty()) {
-    // Fail on device maps.
-    if (flags & MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    std::unique_ptr<MemoryFileAtOffset> file_memory(new MemoryFileAtOffset);
-    uint64_t map_size;
-    if (offset != 0) {
-      // Only map in a piece of the file.
-      map_size = end - start;
-    } else {
-      map_size = UINT64_MAX;
-    }
-    if (file_memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
-      // It's possible that a non-zero offset might not be pointing to
-      // valid elf data. Check if this is a valid elf, and if not assume
-      // that this was meant to incorporate the entire file.
-      if (offset != 0 && !Elf::IsValidElf(file_memory.get())) {
-        // Don't bother checking the validity that will happen on the elf init.
-        if (file_memory->Init(name, 0)) {
-          elf_offset = offset;
-          return file_memory.release();
-        }
-        // Fall through if the init fails.
-      } else {
-        return file_memory.release();
-      }
+    Memory* memory = GetFileMemory();
+    if (memory != nullptr) {
+      return memory;
     }
   }
 
-  Memory* memory = nullptr;
-  if (pid == getpid()) {
-    memory = new MemoryLocal();
-  } else {
-    memory = new MemoryRemote(pid);
+  // If the map isn't readable, don't bother trying to read from process memory.
+  if (!(flags & PROT_READ)) {
+    return nullptr;
   }
-  return new MemoryRange(memory, start, end);
+  return new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end);
 }
 
-Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(pid_t pid, bool init_gnu_debugdata) {
+Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata) {
   if (elf) {
     return elf;
   }
 
-  elf = new Elf(CreateMemory(pid));
+  elf = new Elf(CreateMemory(process_memory));
   if (elf->Init() && init_gnu_debugdata) {
     elf->InitGnuDebugdata();
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index 8c36055..32753df 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Memory> Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid) {
+  if (pid == getpid()) {
+    return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryLocal());
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryRemote(pid));
+}
+
 bool MemoryBuffer::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
   uint64_t last_read_byte;
   if (__builtin_add_overflow(size, addr, &last_read_byte)) {
@@ -249,7 +256,7 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-MemoryRange::MemoryRange(Memory* memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
+MemoryRange::MemoryRange(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
     : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin) {
   CHECK(end > begin);
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
index d89a746..4e7eb34 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@
 
   static bool IsValidElf(Memory* memory);
 
+  static void GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size);
+
  protected:
   bool valid_ = false;
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> interface_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
index 5cac0d3..142a625 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@
 
   virtual bool HandleType(uint64_t, uint32_t) { return false; }
 
+  template <typename EhdrType>
+  static void GetMaxSizeWithTemplate(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size);
+
   Memory* memory_;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo> pt_loads_;
   uint64_t load_bias_ = 0;
@@ -146,6 +149,10 @@
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) override {
     return ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf32_Sym>(addr, name, func_offset);
   }
+
+  static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+    GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(memory, size);
+  }
 };
 
 class ElfInterface64 : public ElfInterface {
@@ -166,6 +173,10 @@
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) override {
     return ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf64_Sym>(addr, name, func_offset);
   }
+
+  static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+    GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(memory, size);
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
index 1854767..f108766 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
@@ -40,9 +40,13 @@
   // instead of a portion of the file.
   uint64_t elf_offset;
 
-  Memory* CreateMemory(pid_t pid);
   // This function guarantees it will never return nullptr.
-  Elf* GetElf(pid_t pid, bool init_gnu_debugdata = false);
+  Elf* GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata = false);
+
+ private:
+  Memory* GetFileMemory();
+
+  Memory* CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory);
 };
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
index 0c05266..183b899 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@
   Memory() = default;
   virtual ~Memory() = default;
 
+  static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid);
+
   virtual bool ReadString(uint64_t addr, std::string* string, uint64_t max_read = UINT64_MAX);
 
   virtual bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
@@ -125,13 +128,13 @@
 
 class MemoryRange : public Memory {
  public:
-  MemoryRange(Memory* memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end);
-  virtual ~MemoryRange() { delete memory_; }
+  MemoryRange(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end);
+  virtual ~MemoryRange() = default;
 
   bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
 
  private:
-  Memory* memory_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
   uint64_t begin_;
   uint64_t length_;
 };
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
index 9e45e78..d2aad49 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -34,49 +34,78 @@
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MapInfoCreateMemoryTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+  static void InitElf(int fd, uint64_t file_offset, uint64_t sh_offset, uint8_t class_type) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(20000);
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+
+    Ehdr ehdr;
+    memset(&ehdr, 0, sizeof(ehdr));
+    memcpy(ehdr.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = class_type;
+    ehdr.e_shoff = sh_offset;
+    ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr) + 100;
+    ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+    memcpy(&buffer[file_offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  }
+
   static void SetUpTestCase() {
     std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
     memcpy(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
+    buffer[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 0x100; i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
     memcpy(&buffer[0x100], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    for (size_t i = 0x100 + SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
+    buffer[0x100 + EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_100_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+    InitElf<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(elf32_at_map_.fd, 0x1000, 0x2000, ELFCLASS32);
+    InitElf<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(elf64_at_map_.fd, 0x2000, 0x3000, ELFCLASS64);
   }
 
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+
   static TemporaryFile elf_;
 
   static TemporaryFile elf_at_100_;
+
+  static TemporaryFile elf32_at_map_;
+  static TemporaryFile elf64_at_map_;
 };
 TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_;
 TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_at_100_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf32_at_map_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf64_at_map_;
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, end_le_start) {
   MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x100, .offset = 0, .name = elf_.path};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
 
   info.end = 0xff;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
 
   // Make sure this test is valid.
   info.end = 0x101;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -85,7 +114,7 @@
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
   MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_.path};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
 
@@ -93,8 +122,9 @@
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 1024));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
-  for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(i / 256 + 1, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, buffer[EI_CLASS]);
+  for (size_t i = EI_CLASS + 1; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(1024, buffer.data(), 1));
@@ -105,7 +135,7 @@
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
   MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_at_100_.path};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
 
@@ -113,13 +143,50 @@
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x100);
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x100));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
-  for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, buffer[EI_CLASS]);
+  for (size_t i = EI_CLASS + 1; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(0x100, buffer.data(), 1));
 }
 
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used. Further verify that if the
+// embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
+// than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x5000, .end = 0x6000, .offset = 0x1000, .name = elf32_at_map_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, e_ident, SELFMAG));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0x1000, e_ident, 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x7000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0x2000, .name = elf64_at_map_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, e_ident, SELFMAG));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0x1000, e_ident, 1));
+}
+
 // Verify that device file names will never result in Memory object creation.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, check_device_maps) {
   // Set up some memory so that a valid local memory object would
@@ -129,81 +196,38 @@
   info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
   info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
   info.offset = 0;
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
 
   info.flags = 0x8000;
   info.name = "/dev/something";
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, local_memory) {
-  // Set up some memory for a valid local memory object.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, process_memory) {
+  MapInfo info;
+  info.start = 0x2000;
+  info.end = 0x3000;
+  info.offset = 0;
+
+  // Verify that the the process_memory object is used, so seed it
+  // with memory.
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
     buffer[i] = i % 256;
   }
+  memory_->SetMemory(info.start, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
 
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, read_buffer.data(), read_buffer.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(i % 256, read_buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(i % 256, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(read_buffer.size(), read_buffer.data(), 1));
-}
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, remote_memory) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  memset(buffer.data(), 0xa, buffer.size());
-
-  pid_t pid;
-  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    while (true)
-      ;
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) != -1);
-  uint64_t iterations = 0;
-  siginfo_t si;
-  while (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si)) < 0 && errno == ESRCH) {
-    usleep(30);
-    iterations++;
-    ASSERT_LT(iterations, 500000000ULL);
-  }
-
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(pid));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-  // Set the local memory to a different value to guarantee we are reading
-  // from the remote process.
-  memset(buffer.data(), 0x1, buffer.size());
-  std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, read_buffer.data(), read_buffer.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xaU, read_buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0);
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
+  // Try to read outside of the map size.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(buffer.size(), buffer.data(), 1));
 }
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
index abfa172..0b70d13 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
@@ -32,43 +32,57 @@
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "ElfTestUtils.h"
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MapInfoGetElfTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
-    map_ = mmap(nullptr, kMapSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-    ASSERT_NE(MAP_FAILED, map_);
-
-    uint64_t start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(map_);
-    info_.reset(new MapInfo{.start = start, .end = start + 1024, .offset = 0, .name = ""});
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
   }
 
-  void TearDown() override { munmap(map_, kMapSize); }
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+  static void InitElf(uint64_t sh_offset, Ehdr* ehdr, uint8_t class_type, uint8_t machine_type) {
+    memset(ehdr, 0, sizeof(*ehdr));
+    memcpy(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = class_type;
+    ehdr->e_machine = machine_type;
+    ehdr->e_shoff = sh_offset;
+    ehdr->e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr) + 100;
+    ehdr->e_shnum = 4;
+  }
 
   const size_t kMapSize = 4096;
 
-  void* map_ = nullptr;
-  std::unique_ptr<MapInfo> info_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+
+  TemporaryFile elf_;
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
   // The map is empty, but this should still create an invalid elf object.
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), false));
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x3000, .end = 0x4000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
-  memcpy(map_, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x3000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), false));
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
@@ -76,11 +90,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x8000, .end = 0x9000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
   Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
-  memcpy(map_, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x8000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), false));
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
@@ -88,12 +104,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init32) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(
-      ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false, [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-        memcpy(&reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map_)[offset], ptr, size);
-      });
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x4000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), false));
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x4000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
@@ -102,12 +120,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init64) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(
-      ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false, [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-        memcpy(&reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map_)[offset], ptr, size);
-      });
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x6000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), false));
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x6000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
@@ -116,12 +136,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(
-      ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true, [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-        memcpy(&reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map_)[offset], ptr, size);
-      });
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x2000, .end = 0x3000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), true));
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x2000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, true));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
@@ -130,12 +152,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init64) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(
-      ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true, [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-        memcpy(&reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(map_)[offset], ptr, size);
-      });
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x5000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info_->GetElf(getpid(), true));
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x5000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, true));
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
@@ -143,4 +167,195 @@
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, end_le_start) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x1000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.end = 0xfff;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Make sure this test is valid.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.end = 0x2000;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
+// that the full file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0x100, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x1000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memcpy(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the entire file.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->memory()->Read(buffer.size(), buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0x2000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the valid part of the file.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < 0x1000; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used. Further verify that if the
+// embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
+// than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x5000, .end = 0x6000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x7000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, process_memory_not_read_only) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x9000, .end = 0xa000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = 0, .name = ""};
+
+  // Create valid elf data in process memory only.
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x9000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.flags = PROT_READ;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, check_device_maps) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x7000,
+               .end = 0x8000,
+               .offset = 0x1000,
+               .flags = PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
+               .name = "/dev/something"};
+
+  // Create valid elf data in process memory for this to verify that only
+  // the name is causing invalid elf data.
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_X86_64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x7000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Set the name to nothing to verify that it still fails.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.name = "";
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Change the flags and verify the elf is valid now.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.flags = PROT_READ;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
index 6d1366c..680fae9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> src(1024);
   memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 1024);
-  MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
-  memory->SetMemory(9001, src);
+  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
+  memory_fake->SetMemory(9001, src);
 
-  MemoryRange range(memory, 9001, 9001 + src.size());
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 9001, 9001 + src.size());
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(0, dst.data(), src.size()));
@@ -46,10 +47,11 @@
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_near_limit) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> src(4096);
   memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 4096);
-  MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
-  memory->SetMemory(1000, src);
+  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
+  memory_fake->SetMemory(1000, src);
 
-  MemoryRange range(memory, 1000, 2024);
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 1000, 2024);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 4));
@@ -69,7 +71,8 @@
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_overflow) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(100);
 
-  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero, 100, 200));
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero);
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(process_memory, 100, 200));
   ASSERT_FALSE(overflow->Read(UINT64_MAX - 10, buffer.data(), 100));
 }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
index f8965b2..a66d0c5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <vector>
@@ -34,32 +33,18 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
+#include "TestUtils.h"
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MemoryRemoteTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  static uint64_t NanoTime() {
-    struct timespec t = { 0, 0 };
-    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
-    return static_cast<uint64_t>(t.tv_sec * NS_PER_SEC + t.tv_nsec);
-  }
-
   static bool Attach(pid_t pid) {
     if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
       return false;
     }
 
-    uint64_t start = NanoTime();
-    siginfo_t si;
-    while (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si)) < 0 && errno == ESRCH) {
-      if ((NanoTime() - start) > 10 * NS_PER_SEC) {
-        printf("%d: Failed to stop after 10 seconds.\n", pid);
-        return false;
-      }
-      usleep(30);
-    }
-    return true;
+    return TestQuiescePid(pid);
   }
 
   static bool Detach(pid_t pid) {
@@ -79,6 +64,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -91,9 +77,6 @@
   }
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_fail) {
@@ -111,6 +94,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -132,9 +116,6 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, munmap(src, pagesize));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_overflow) {
@@ -152,6 +133,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -162,9 +144,6 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(0, dst.data(), 100));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
 }
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h b/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c31aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class TestScopedPidReaper {
+ public:
+  TestScopedPidReaper(pid_t pid) : pid_(pid) {}
+  ~TestScopedPidReaper() {
+    kill(pid_, SIGKILL);
+    waitpid(pid_, nullptr, 0);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pid_t pid_;
+};
+
+inline bool TestQuiescePid(pid_t pid) {
+  siginfo_t si;
+  bool ready = false;
+  // Wait for up to 5 seconds.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
+    if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si) == 0) {
+      ready = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  return ready;
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
index 2fc3a38..a4f920a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@
  */
 
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -39,14 +38,24 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
 #include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
 
+#include "TestUtils.h"
+
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-static std::atomic_bool g_ready(false);
-static volatile bool g_ready_for_remote = false;
-static volatile bool g_signal_ready_for_remote = false;
-static std::atomic_bool g_finish(false);
+static std::atomic_bool g_ready;
+static volatile bool g_ready_for_remote;
+static volatile bool g_signal_ready_for_remote;
+static std::atomic_bool g_finish;
 static std::atomic_uintptr_t g_ucontext;
 
+static void ResetGlobals() {
+  g_ready = false;
+  g_ready_for_remote = false;
+  g_signal_ready_for_remote = false;
+  g_finish = false;
+  g_ucontext = 0;
+}
+
 static std::vector<const char*> kFunctionOrder{"InnerFunction", "MiddleFunction", "OuterFunction"};
 
 static std::vector<const char*> kFunctionSignalOrder{"SignalInnerFunction", "SignalMiddleFunction",
@@ -85,10 +94,11 @@
          function_names[index] + "\n" + "Unwind data:\n" + unwind_stream.str();
 }
 
-static void VerifyUnwind(pid_t pid, Memory* memory, Maps* maps, Regs* regs,
+static void VerifyUnwind(pid_t pid, Maps* maps, Regs* regs,
                          std::vector<const char*>& function_names) {
   size_t function_name_index = 0;
 
+  auto process_memory = Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
   std::stringstream unwind_stream;
   unwind_stream << std::hex;
   for (size_t frame_num = 0; frame_num < 64; frame_num++) {
@@ -96,7 +106,7 @@
     MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(regs->pc());
     ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr) << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
 
-    Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(pid, true);
+    Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory, true);
     uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
     uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc = rel_pc;
     if (frame_num != 0) {
@@ -122,7 +132,7 @@
       unwind_stream << " " << name;
     }
     unwind_stream << "\n";
-    ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, memory))
+    ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, process_memory.get()))
         << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
   }
   ASSERT_TRUE(false) << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
@@ -137,9 +147,8 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
     std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromLocal());
     RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
-    MemoryLocal memory;
 
-    VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &memory, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+    VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
   } else {
     g_ready_for_remote = true;
     g_ready = true;
@@ -156,48 +165,52 @@
   MiddleFunction(local);
 }
 
-TEST(UnwindTest, local) {
+class UnwindTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override { ResetGlobals(); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, local) {
   OuterFunction(true);
 }
 
 void WaitForRemote(pid_t pid, uint64_t addr, bool leave_attached, bool* completed) {
   *completed = false;
   // Need to sleep before attempting first ptrace. Without this, on the
-  // host it becomes impossible to attach and ptrace set errno to EPERM.
+  // host it becomes impossible to attach and ptrace sets errno to EPERM.
   usleep(1000);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0));
-    for (size_t j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
-      siginfo_t si;
-      if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si) == 0) {
-        MemoryRemote memory(pid);
-        // Read the remote value to see if we are ready.
-        bool value;
-        if (memory.Read(addr, &value, sizeof(value)) && value) {
-          *completed = true;
-          break;
-        }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(TestQuiescePid(pid))
+          << "Waiting for process to quiesce failed: " << strerror(errno);
+
+      MemoryRemote memory(pid);
+      // Read the remote value to see if we are ready.
+      bool value;
+      if (memory.Read(addr, &value, sizeof(value)) && value) {
+        *completed = true;
       }
-      usleep(1000);
+      if (!*completed || !leave_attached) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0));
+      }
+      if (*completed) {
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(ESRCH, errno) << "ptrace attach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
     }
-    if (leave_attached && *completed) {
-      break;
-    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0));
-    if (*completed) {
-      break;
-    }
-    usleep(1000);
+    usleep(5000);
   }
 }
 
-TEST(UnwindTest, remote) {
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     OuterFunction(false);
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   bool completed;
   WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_ready_for_remote), true, &completed);
@@ -205,19 +218,16 @@
 
   RemoteMaps maps(pid);
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
-  MemoryRemote memory(pid);
   std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::RemoteGet(pid));
   ASSERT_TRUE(regs.get() != nullptr);
 
-  VerifyUnwind(pid, &memory, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+  VerifyUnwind(pid, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0))
+      << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
 }
 
-TEST(UnwindTest, from_context) {
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, from_context) {
   std::atomic_int tid(0);
   std::thread thread([&]() {
     tid = syscall(__NR_gettid);
@@ -254,9 +264,8 @@
   LocalMaps maps;
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
   std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromUcontext(Regs::CurrentMachineType(), ucontext));
-  MemoryLocal memory;
 
-  VerifyUnwind(tid.load(), &memory, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+  VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
 
   ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGUSR1, &oldact, nullptr));
 
@@ -265,10 +274,6 @@
 }
 
 static void RemoteThroughSignal(unsigned int sa_flags) {
-  g_ready = false;
-  g_signal_ready_for_remote = false;
-  g_finish = false;
-
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     struct sigaction act, oldact;
@@ -281,6 +286,7 @@
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   bool completed;
   WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_ready_for_remote), false, &completed);
@@ -291,23 +297,20 @@
 
   RemoteMaps maps(pid);
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
-  MemoryRemote memory(pid);
   std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::RemoteGet(pid));
   ASSERT_TRUE(regs.get() != nullptr);
 
-  VerifyUnwind(pid, &memory, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionSignalOrder);
+  VerifyUnwind(pid, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionSignalOrder);
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-  ASSERT_EQ(pid, wait(nullptr));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0))
+      << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
 }
 
-TEST(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal) {
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal) {
   RemoteThroughSignal(0);
 }
 
-TEST(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal_sa_siginfo) {
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal_sa_siginfo) {
   RemoteThroughSignal(SA_SIGINFO);
 }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
index c1077f8..3614198 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
   }
   printf("\n");
 
-  unwindstack::MemoryRemote remote_memory(pid);
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
   for (size_t frame_num = 0; frame_num < 64; frame_num++) {
     if (regs->pc() == 0) {
       break;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(pid, true);
+    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory, true);
 
     uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
     uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc = rel_pc;
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
     }
     printf("\n");
 
-    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, &remote_memory)) {
+    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, process_memory.get())) {
       break;
     }
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
index b757c1e..dc9ae5a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,11 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  if (argc != 2) {
-    printf("Need to pass the name of an elf file to the program.\n");
+  if (argc != 2 && argc != 3) {
+    printf("Usage: unwind_symbols <ELF_FILE> [<FUNC_ADDRESS>]\n");
+    printf("  Dump all function symbols in ELF_FILE. If FUNC_ADDRESS is\n");
+    printf("  specified, then get the function at that address.\n");
+    printf("  FUNC_ADDRESS must be a hex number.\n");
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -43,6 +46,16 @@
     return 1;
   }
 
+  uint64_t func_addr;
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    char* name;
+    func_addr = strtoull(argv[2], &name, 16);
+    if (*name != '\0') {
+      printf("%s is not a hex number.\n", argv[2]);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Send all log messages to stdout.
   unwindstack::log_to_stdout(true);
 
@@ -76,9 +89,24 @@
       return 1;
   }
 
-  // This is a crude way to get the symbols in order.
   std::string name;
   uint64_t load_bias = elf.interface()->load_bias();
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    std::string cur_name;
+    uint64_t func_offset;
+    if (!elf.GetFunctionName(func_addr, &cur_name, &func_offset)) {
+      printf("No known function at 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", func_addr);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    printf("<0x%" PRIx64 ">", func_addr - func_offset);
+    if (func_offset != 0) {
+      printf("+%" PRId64, func_offset);
+    }
+    printf(": %s\n", cur_name.c_str());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // This is a crude way to get the symbols in order.
   for (const auto& entry : elf.interface()->pt_loads()) {
     uint64_t start = entry.second.offset + load_bias;
     uint64_t end = entry.second.table_size + load_bias;
diff --git a/libutils/Android.bp b/libutils/Android.bp
index adcde81..038fd73 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/Android.bp
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
     host_supported: true,
 
     header_libs: [
+        "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers"
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers"
     ],
diff --git a/libutils/SystemClock.cpp b/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
index 28fc351..73ec1be 100644
--- a/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
+++ b/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 
 #include <utils/SystemClock.h>
 
-#include <sys/time.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
index 0c20607..ae6d9c8 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
@@ -82,9 +82,10 @@
 
     // Accessors
 
-    inline  T&      operator* () const  { return *m_ptr; }
-    inline  T*      operator-> () const { return m_ptr;  }
-    inline  T*      get() const         { return m_ptr; }
+    inline T&       operator* () const     { return *m_ptr; }
+    inline T*       operator-> () const    { return m_ptr;  }
+    inline T*       get() const            { return m_ptr; }
+    inline explicit operator bool () const { return m_ptr != nullptr; }
 
     // Operators
 
diff --git a/reboot/reboot.c b/reboot/reboot.c
index 007dfba..f0cf40c 100644
--- a/reboot/reboot.c
+++ b/reboot/reboot.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 
     if (argc > optind)
         optarg = argv[optind];
+    if (!optarg || !optarg[0]) optarg = "shell";
 
     prop_len = snprintf(property_val, sizeof(property_val), "%s,%s", cmd, optarg);
     if (prop_len >= sizeof(property_val)) {
diff --git a/rootdir/init.usb.rc b/rootdir/init.usb.rc
index 915d159..3168f40 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.usb.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.usb.rc
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     mkdir /data/adb 0700 root root
 
 # adbd is controlled via property triggers in init.<platform>.usb.rc
-service adbd /sbin/adbd --root_seclabel=u:r:su:s0
+service adbd /system/bin/adbd --root_seclabel=u:r:su:s0
     class core
     socket adbd stream 660 system system
     disabled