logcat: remove the rest of liblogcat

There were big changes made to support liblogcat, which has long since
been removed.  This change removes the rest of those changes.

It moves the rest of the global state into a class, particularly for
the logcatd case.  The original code re-uses the same context, but
that doesn't seem right or safe.

Test: logcat works, logcat-unit-tests
Test: logpersist works, including last log cat and log rotation
Change-Id: Iee6a2a0319265e87be0bc8fec2b11e8fd2b65ed4
diff --git a/logcat/Android.bp b/logcat/Android.bp
index e6b0c7d..e472d08 100644
--- a/logcat/Android.bp
+++ b/logcat/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
         "-Werror",
+        "-DANDROID_BASE_UNIQUE_FD_DISABLE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSION=1",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index f164a12..1517c33 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,12 @@
 
 #include "logcat.h"
 
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <math.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
 #include <sched.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -34,13 +30,11 @@
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <regex>
 #include <string>
@@ -48,10 +42,11 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
@@ -60,6 +55,8 @@
 
 #define DEFAULT_MAX_ROTATED_LOGS 4
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
 struct log_device_t {
     const char* device;
     bool binary;
@@ -79,85 +76,51 @@
     }
 };
 
-struct android_logcat_context_internal {
-    // status
-    volatile std::atomic_int retval;  // valid if thread_stopped set
-    // Arguments passed in, or copies and storage thereof if a thread.
-    int argc;
-    char* const* argv;
-    char* const* envp;
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-    std::vector<const char*> argv_hold;
-    std::vector<std::string> envs;
-    std::vector<const char*> envp_hold;
-    int output_fd;  // duplication of fileno(output) (below)
-    int error_fd;   // duplication of fileno(error) (below)
+class Logcat {
+  public:
+    ~Logcat();
 
-    // library
-    int fds[2];    // From popen call
-    FILE* output;  // everything writes to fileno(output), buffer unused
-    FILE* error;   // unless error == output.
-    pthread_t thr;
-    volatile std::atomic_bool stop;  // quick exit flag
-    volatile std::atomic_bool thread_stopped;
-    bool stderr_null;    // shell "2>/dev/null"
-    bool stderr_stdout;  // shell "2>&1"
+    int Run(int argc, char** argv);
 
-    // global variables
-    AndroidLogFormat* logformat;
-    const char* outputFileName;
+  private:
+    void RotateLogs();
+    void ProcessBuffer(log_device_t* dev, struct log_msg* buf);
+    void MaybePrintStart(log_device_t* dev, bool print_dividers);
+    void SetupOutputAndSchedulingPolicy(bool blocking);
+    int SetLogFormat(const char* format_string);
+
+    android::base::unique_fd output_fd_{dup(STDOUT_FILENO)};
+    std::unique_ptr<AndroidLogFormat, decltype(&android_log_format_free)> logformat_{
+            android_log_format_new(), &android_log_format_free};
+    const char* output_file_name_ = nullptr;
     // 0 means "no log rotation"
-    size_t logRotateSizeKBytes;
+    size_t log_rotate_size_kb_ = 0;
     // 0 means "unbounded"
-    size_t maxRotatedLogs;
-    size_t outByteCount;
-    int printBinary;
-    int devCount;  // >1 means multiple
-    std::unique_ptr<std::regex> regex;
-    log_device_t* devices;
-    EventTagMap* eventTagMap;
+    size_t max_rotated_logs_ = DEFAULT_MAX_ROTATED_LOGS;
+    size_t out_byte_count_ = 0;
+    int print_binary_ = 0;
+    int dev_count_ = 0;  // >1 means multiple
+    std::unique_ptr<std::regex> regex_;
+    log_device_t* devices_ = nullptr;
+    std::unique_ptr<EventTagMap, decltype(&android_closeEventTagMap)> event_tag_map_{
+            nullptr, &android_closeEventTagMap};
     // 0 means "infinite"
-    size_t maxCount;
-    size_t printCount;
+    size_t max_count_ = 0;
+    size_t print_count_ = 0;
 
-    bool printItAnyways;
-    bool debug;
-    bool hasOpenedEventTagMap;
+    bool print_it_anyways_ = false;
+    bool debug_ = false;
+    bool has_opened_event_tag_map_ = false;
 };
 
-// Creates a context associated with this logcat instance
-android_logcat_context create_android_logcat() {
-    android_logcat_context_internal* context;
-
-    context = (android_logcat_context_internal*)calloc(
-        1, sizeof(android_logcat_context_internal));
-    if (!context) return nullptr;
-
-    context->fds[0] = -1;
-    context->fds[1] = -1;
-    context->output_fd = -1;
-    context->error_fd = -1;
-    context->maxRotatedLogs = DEFAULT_MAX_ROTATED_LOGS;
-
-    context->argv_hold.clear();
-    context->args.clear();
-    context->envp_hold.clear();
-    context->envs.clear();
-
-    return (android_logcat_context)context;
-}
-
 // logd prefixes records with a length field
 #define RECORD_LENGTH_FIELD_SIZE_BYTES sizeof(uint32_t)
 
-namespace android {
-
 enum helpType { HELP_FALSE, HELP_TRUE, HELP_FORMAT };
 
-// if showHelp is set, newline required in fmt statement to transition to usage
-static void logcat_panic(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                         enum helpType showHelp, const char* fmt, ...)
-    __printflike(3, 4);
+// if show_help is set, newline required in fmt statement to transition to usage
+static void LogcatPanic(enum helpType showHelp, const char* fmt, ...) __printflike(2, 3)
+        __attribute__((__noreturn__));
 
 #ifndef F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE
 #define F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC       0xf5
@@ -165,7 +128,7 @@
 #endif
 
 static int openLogFile(const char* pathname, size_t sizeKB) {
-    int fd = open(pathname, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+    int fd = open(pathname, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
     if (fd < 0) {
         return fd;
     }
@@ -177,107 +140,29 @@
     return fd;
 }
 
-static void close_output(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    // split output_from_error
-    if (context->error == context->output) {
-        context->output = nullptr;
-        context->output_fd = -1;
-    }
-    if (context->error && (context->output_fd == fileno(context->error))) {
-        context->output_fd = -1;
-    }
-    if (context->output_fd == context->error_fd) {
-        context->output_fd = -1;
-    }
-    // close output channel
-    if (context->output) {
-        if (context->output != stdout) {
-            if (context->output_fd == fileno(context->output)) {
-                context->output_fd = -1;
-            }
-            if (context->fds[1] == fileno(context->output)) {
-                context->fds[1] = -1;
-            }
-            fclose(context->output);
-        }
-        context->output = nullptr;
-    }
-    if (context->output_fd >= 0) {
-        if (context->output_fd != fileno(stdout)) {
-            if (context->fds[1] == context->output_fd) {
-                context->fds[1] = -1;
-            }
-            posix_fadvise(context->output_fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED);
-            close(context->output_fd);
-        }
-        context->output_fd = -1;
-    }
-}
-
-static void close_error(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    // split error_from_output
-    if (context->output == context->error) {
-        context->error = nullptr;
-        context->error_fd = -1;
-    }
-    if (context->output && (context->error_fd == fileno(context->output))) {
-        context->error_fd = -1;
-    }
-    if (context->error_fd == context->output_fd) {
-        context->error_fd = -1;
-    }
-    // close error channel
-    if (context->error) {
-        if ((context->error != stderr) && (context->error != stdout)) {
-            if (context->error_fd == fileno(context->error)) {
-                context->error_fd = -1;
-            }
-            if (context->fds[1] == fileno(context->error)) {
-                context->fds[1] = -1;
-            }
-            fclose(context->error);
-        }
-        context->error = nullptr;
-    }
-    if (context->error_fd >= 0) {
-        if ((context->error_fd != fileno(stdout)) &&
-            (context->error_fd != fileno(stderr))) {
-            if (context->fds[1] == context->error_fd) context->fds[1] = -1;
-            close(context->error_fd);
-        }
-        context->error_fd = -1;
-    }
-}
-
-static void rotateLogs(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    int err;
-
+void Logcat::RotateLogs() {
     // Can't rotate logs if we're not outputting to a file
-    if (!context->outputFileName) return;
+    if (!output_file_name_) return;
 
-    close_output(context);
+    output_fd_.reset();
 
     // Compute the maximum number of digits needed to count up to
     // maxRotatedLogs in decimal.  eg:
     // maxRotatedLogs == 30
     //   -> log10(30) == 1.477
     //   -> maxRotationCountDigits == 2
-    int maxRotationCountDigits =
-        (context->maxRotatedLogs > 0)
-            ? (int)(floor(log10(context->maxRotatedLogs) + 1))
-            : 0;
+    int max_rotation_count_digits =
+            max_rotated_logs_ > 0 ? (int)(floor(log10(max_rotated_logs_) + 1)) : 0;
 
-    for (int i = context->maxRotatedLogs; i > 0; i--) {
-        std::string file1 = android::base::StringPrintf(
-            "%s.%.*d", context->outputFileName, maxRotationCountDigits, i);
+    for (int i = max_rotated_logs_; i > 0; i--) {
+        std::string file1 =
+                StringPrintf("%s.%.*d", output_file_name_, max_rotation_count_digits, i);
 
         std::string file0;
         if (!(i - 1)) {
-            file0 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s", context->outputFileName);
+            file0 = output_file_name_;
         } else {
-            file0 =
-                android::base::StringPrintf("%s.%.*d", context->outputFileName,
-                                            maxRotationCountDigits, i - 1);
+            file0 = StringPrintf("%s.%.*d", output_file_name_, max_rotation_count_digits, i - 1);
         }
 
         if (!file0.length() || !file1.length()) {
@@ -285,169 +170,123 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        err = rename(file0.c_str(), file1.c_str());
+        int err = rename(file0.c_str(), file1.c_str());
 
         if (err < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
             perror("while rotating log files");
         }
     }
 
-    context->output_fd = openLogFile(context->outputFileName, context->logRotateSizeKBytes);
+    output_fd_.reset(openLogFile(output_file_name_, log_rotate_size_kb_));
 
-    if (context->output_fd < 0) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "couldn't open output file");
-        return;
-    }
-    context->output = fdopen(context->output_fd, "web");
-    if (!context->output) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "couldn't fdopen output file");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (context->stderr_stdout) {
-        close_error(context);
-        context->error = context->output;
-        context->error_fd = context->output_fd;
+    if (!output_fd_.ok()) {
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "couldn't open output file");
     }
 
-    context->outByteCount = 0;
+    out_byte_count_ = 0;
 }
 
-void printBinary(android_logcat_context_internal* context, struct log_msg* buf) {
-    size_t size = buf->len();
-
-    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(context->output_fd, buf, size));
-}
-
-static bool regexOk(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                    const AndroidLogEntry& entry) {
-    if (!context->regex) return true;
-
-    return std::regex_search(entry.message, entry.message + entry.messageLen, *context->regex);
-}
-
-static void processBuffer(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                          log_device_t* dev, struct log_msg* buf) {
+void Logcat::ProcessBuffer(log_device_t* dev, struct log_msg* buf) {
     int bytesWritten = 0;
     int err;
     AndroidLogEntry entry;
     char binaryMsgBuf[1024];
 
     if (dev->binary) {
-        if (!context->eventTagMap && !context->hasOpenedEventTagMap) {
-            context->eventTagMap = android_openEventTagMap(nullptr);
-            context->hasOpenedEventTagMap = true;
+        if (!event_tag_map_ && !has_opened_event_tag_map_) {
+            event_tag_map_.reset(android_openEventTagMap(nullptr));
+            has_opened_event_tag_map_ = true;
         }
-        err = android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(&buf->entry, &entry, context->eventTagMap,
+        err = android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(&buf->entry, &entry, event_tag_map_.get(),
                                                  binaryMsgBuf, sizeof(binaryMsgBuf));
         // printf(">>> pri=%d len=%d msg='%s'\n",
         //    entry.priority, entry.messageLen, entry.message);
     } else {
         err = android_log_processLogBuffer(&buf->entry, &entry);
     }
-    if ((err < 0) && !context->debug) return;
+    if (err < 0 && !debug_) return;
 
-    if (android_log_shouldPrintLine(
-            context->logformat, std::string(entry.tag, entry.tagLen).c_str(),
-            entry.priority)) {
-        bool match = regexOk(context, entry);
+    if (android_log_shouldPrintLine(logformat_.get(), std::string(entry.tag, entry.tagLen).c_str(),
+                                    entry.priority)) {
+        bool match = !regex_ ||
+                     std::regex_search(entry.message, entry.message + entry.messageLen, *regex_);
 
-        context->printCount += match;
-        if (match || context->printItAnyways) {
-            bytesWritten = android_log_printLogLine(context->logformat,
-                                                    context->output_fd, &entry);
+        print_count_ += match;
+        if (match || print_it_anyways_) {
+            bytesWritten = android_log_printLogLine(logformat_.get(), output_fd_.get(), &entry);
 
             if (bytesWritten < 0) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "output error");
-                return;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "output error");
             }
         }
     }
 
-    context->outByteCount += bytesWritten;
+    out_byte_count_ += bytesWritten;
 
-    if (context->logRotateSizeKBytes > 0 &&
-        (context->outByteCount / 1024) >= context->logRotateSizeKBytes) {
-        rotateLogs(context);
+    if (log_rotate_size_kb_ > 0 && (out_byte_count_ / 1024) >= log_rotate_size_kb_) {
+        RotateLogs();
     }
 }
 
-static void maybePrintStart(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                            log_device_t* dev, bool printDividers) {
-    if (!dev->printed || printDividers) {
-        if (context->devCount > 1 && !context->printBinary) {
-            char buf[1024];
-            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "--------- %s %s\n",
-                     dev->printed ? "switch to" : "beginning of", dev->device);
-            if (write(context->output_fd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "output error");
-                return;
+void Logcat::MaybePrintStart(log_device_t* dev, bool print_dividers) {
+    if (!dev->printed || print_dividers) {
+        if (dev_count_ > 1 && !print_binary_) {
+            if (dprintf(output_fd_.get(), "--------- %s %s\n",
+                        dev->printed ? "switch to" : "beginning of", dev->device) < 0) {
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "output error");
             }
         }
         dev->printed = true;
     }
 }
 
-static void setupOutputAndSchedulingPolicy(
-    android_logcat_context_internal* context, bool blocking) {
-    if (!context->outputFileName) return;
+void Logcat::SetupOutputAndSchedulingPolicy(bool blocking) {
+    if (!output_file_name_) return;
 
     if (blocking) {
         // Lower priority and set to batch scheduling if we are saving
         // the logs into files and taking continuous content.
-        if ((set_sched_policy(0, SP_BACKGROUND) < 0) && context->error) {
-            fprintf(context->error,
-                    "failed to set background scheduling policy\n");
+        if (set_sched_policy(0, SP_BACKGROUND) < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "failed to set background scheduling policy\n");
         }
 
-        struct sched_param param;
-        memset(&param, 0, sizeof(param));
+        struct sched_param param = {};
         if (sched_setscheduler((pid_t)0, SCHED_BATCH, &param) < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "failed to set to batch scheduler\n");
         }
 
-        if ((setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) < 0) &&
-            context->error) {
-            fprintf(context->error, "failed set to priority\n");
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "failed set to priority\n");
         }
     }
 
-    close_output(context);
+    output_fd_.reset(openLogFile(output_file_name_, log_rotate_size_kb_));
 
-    context->output_fd = openLogFile(context->outputFileName, context->logRotateSizeKBytes);
-
-    if (context->output_fd < 0) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "couldn't open output file");
-        return;
+    if (!output_fd_.ok()) {
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "couldn't open output file");
     }
 
     struct stat statbuf;
-    if (fstat(context->output_fd, &statbuf) == -1) {
-        close_output(context);
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "couldn't get output file stat\n");
-        return;
+    if (fstat(output_fd_.get(), &statbuf) == -1) {
+        output_fd_.reset();
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "couldn't get output file stat\n");
     }
 
     if ((size_t)statbuf.st_size > SIZE_MAX || statbuf.st_size < 0) {
-        close_output(context);
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "invalid output file stat\n");
-        return;
+        output_fd_.reset();
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "invalid output file stat\n");
     }
 
-    context->output = fdopen(context->output_fd, "web");
-
-    context->outByteCount = statbuf.st_size;
+    out_byte_count_ = statbuf.st_size;
 }
 
 // clang-format off
-static void show_help(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    if (!context->error) return;
+static void show_help() {
+    const char* cmd = getprogname();
 
-    const char* cmd = strrchr(context->argv[0], '/');
-    cmd = cmd ? cmd + 1 : context->argv[0];
+    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options] [filterspecs]\n", cmd);
 
-    fprintf(context->error, "Usage: %s [options] [filterspecs]\n", cmd);
-
-    fprintf(context->error, "options include:\n"
+    fprintf(stderr, "options include:\n"
                     "  -s              Set default filter to silent. Equivalent to filterspec '*:S'\n"
                     "  -f <file>, --file=<file>               Log to file. Default is stdout\n"
                     "  -r <kbytes>, --rotate-kbytes=<kbytes>\n"
@@ -514,7 +353,7 @@
                     "                  comes first. Improves efficiency of polling by providing\n"
                     "                  an about-to-wrap wakeup.\n");
 
-    fprintf(context->error, "\nfilterspecs are a series of \n"
+    fprintf(stderr, "\nfilterspecs are a series of \n"
                    "  <tag>[:priority]\n\n"
                    "where <tag> is a log component tag (or * for all) and priority is:\n"
                    "  V    Verbose (default for <tag>)\n"
@@ -532,9 +371,8 @@
                    "or defaults to \"threadtime\"\n\n");
 }
 
-static void show_format_help(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    if (!context->error) return;
-    fprintf(context->error,
+static void show_format_help() {
+    fprintf(stderr,
         "-v <format>, --format=<format> options:\n"
         "  Sets log print format verb and adverbs, where <format> is:\n"
         "    brief long process raw tag thread threadtime time\n"
@@ -568,16 +406,13 @@
 }
 // clang-format on
 
-static int setLogFormat(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                        const char* formatString) {
-    AndroidLogPrintFormat format;
-
-    format = android_log_formatFromString(formatString);
+int Logcat::SetLogFormat(const char* format_string) {
+    AndroidLogPrintFormat format = android_log_formatFromString(format_string);
 
     // invalid string?
     if (format == FORMAT_OFF) return -1;
 
-    return android_log_setPrintFormat(context->logformat, format);
+    return android_log_setPrintFormat(logformat_.get(), format);
 }
 
 static std::pair<unsigned long, const char*> format_of_size(unsigned long value) {
@@ -607,32 +442,25 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static void logcat_panic(android_logcat_context_internal* context,
-                         enum helpType showHelp, const char* fmt, ...) {
-    context->retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
-    if (!context->error) {
-        context->stop = true;
-        return;
-    }
-
+static void LogcatPanic(enum helpType showHelp, const char* fmt, ...) {
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, fmt);
-    vfprintf(context->error, fmt, args);
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
     va_end(args);
 
     switch (showHelp) {
         case HELP_TRUE:
-            show_help(context);
+            show_help();
             break;
         case HELP_FORMAT:
-            show_format_help(context);
+            show_format_help();
             break;
         case HELP_FALSE:
         default:
             break;
     }
 
-    context->stop = true;
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 
 static char* parseTime(log_time& t, const char* cp) {
@@ -712,18 +540,6 @@
     return retval;
 }
 
-const char* getenv(android_logcat_context_internal* context, const char* name) {
-    if (!context->envp || !name || !*name) return nullptr;
-
-    for (size_t len = strlen(name), i = 0; context->envp[i]; ++i) {
-        if (strncmp(context->envp[i], name, len)) continue;
-        if (context->envp[i][len] == '=') return &context->envp[i][len + 1];
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
-
 void reportErrorName(const char** current, const char* name,
                      bool blockSecurity) {
     if (*current) return;
@@ -732,8 +548,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int __logcat(android_logcat_context_internal* context) {
-    using namespace android;
+int Logcat::Run(int argc, char** argv) {
     int err;
     bool hasSetLogFormat = false;
     bool clearLog = false;
@@ -760,101 +575,10 @@
     const char* clearFail = nullptr;
     const char* setSizeFail = nullptr;
     const char* getSizeFail = nullptr;
-    int argc = context->argc;
-    char* const* argv = context->argv;
-
-    context->output = stdout;
-    context->error = stderr;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-        // Simulate shell stderr redirect parsing
-        if ((argv[i][0] != '2') || (argv[i][1] != '>')) continue;
-
-        // Append to file not implemented, just open file
-        size_t skip = (argv[i][2] == '>') + 2;
-        if (!strcmp(&argv[i][skip], "/dev/null")) {
-            context->stderr_null = true;
-        } else if (!strcmp(&argv[i][skip], "&1")) {
-            context->stderr_stdout = true;
-        } else {
-            // stderr file redirections are not supported
-            fprintf(context->stderr_stdout ? stdout : stderr,
-                    "stderr redirection to file %s unsupported, skipping\n",
-                    &argv[i][skip]);
-        }
-        // Only the first one
-        break;
-    }
-
-    const char* filename = nullptr;
-    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
-        // Simulate shell stdout redirect parsing
-        if (argv[i][0] != '>') continue;
-
-        // Append to file not implemented, just open file
-        filename = &argv[i][(argv[i][1] == '>') + 1];
-        // Only the first one
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Deal with setting up file descriptors and FILE pointers
-    if (context->error_fd >= 0) {  // Is an error file descriptor supplied?
-        if (context->error_fd == context->output_fd) {
-            context->stderr_stdout = true;
-        } else if (context->stderr_null) {  // redirection told us to close it
-            close(context->error_fd);
-            context->error_fd = -1;
-        } else {  // All Ok, convert error to a FILE pointer
-            context->error = fdopen(context->error_fd, "web");
-            if (!context->error) {
-                context->retval = -errno;
-                fprintf(context->stderr_stdout ? stdout : stderr,
-                        "Failed to fdopen(error_fd=%d) %s\n", context->error_fd,
-                        strerror(errno));
-                goto exit;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (context->output_fd >= 0) {  // Is an output file descriptor supplied?
-        if (filename) {  // redirect to file, close supplied file descriptor.
-            close(context->output_fd);
-            context->output_fd = -1;
-        } else {  // All Ok, convert output to a FILE pointer
-            context->output = fdopen(context->output_fd, "web");
-            if (!context->output) {
-                context->retval = -errno;
-                fprintf(context->stderr_stdout ? stdout : context->error,
-                        "Failed to fdopen(output_fd=%d) %s\n",
-                        context->output_fd, strerror(errno));
-                goto exit;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (filename) {  // We supplied an output file redirected in command line
-        context->output = fopen(filename, "web");
-    }
-    // Deal with 2>&1
-    if (context->stderr_stdout) context->error = context->output;
-    // Deal with 2>/dev/null
-    if (context->stderr_null) {
-        context->error_fd = -1;
-        context->error = nullptr;
-    }
-    // Only happens if output=stdout or output=filename
-    if ((context->output_fd < 0) && context->output) {
-        context->output_fd = fileno(context->output);
-    }
-    // Only happens if error=stdout || error=stderr
-    if ((context->error_fd < 0) && context->error) {
-        context->error_fd = fileno(context->error);
-    }
-
-    context->logformat = android_log_format_new();
 
     if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--help")) {
-        show_help(context);
-        context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
-        goto exit;
+        show_help();
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
     // meant to catch comma-delimited values, but cast a wider
@@ -912,15 +636,13 @@
                 // only long options
                 if (long_options[option_index].name == pid_str) {
                     if (pid != 0) {
-                        logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Only supports one PID argument.\n");
-                        goto exit;
+                        LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Only supports one PID argument.\n");
                     }
 
                     // ToDo: determine runtime PID_MAX?
                     if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &pid, 1)) {
-                        logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "%s %s out of range\n",
-                                     long_options[option_index].name, optarg);
-                        goto exit;
+                        LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "%s %s out of range\n",
+                                    long_options[option_index].name, optarg);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -930,25 +652,22 @@
                     // ToDo: implement API that supports setting a wrap timeout
                     size_t dummy = ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
                     if (optarg && !getSizeTArg(optarg, &dummy, 1)) {
-                        logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "%s %s out of range\n",
-                                     long_options[option_index].name, optarg);
-                        goto exit;
+                        LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "%s %s out of range\n",
+                                    long_options[option_index].name, optarg);
                     }
-                    if ((dummy != ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) &&
-                        context->error) {
-                        fprintf(context->error,
-                                "WARNING: %s %u seconds, ignoring %zu\n",
-                                long_options[option_index].name,
-                                ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, dummy);
+                    if (dummy != ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) {
+                        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s %u seconds, ignoring %zu\n",
+                                long_options[option_index].name, ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+                                dummy);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
                 if (long_options[option_index].name == print_str) {
-                    context->printItAnyways = true;
+                    print_it_anyways_ = true;
                     break;
                 }
                 if (long_options[option_index].name == debug_str) {
-                    context->debug = true;
+                    debug_ = true;
                     break;
                 }
                 if (long_options[option_index].name == id_str) {
@@ -958,7 +677,7 @@
 
             case 's':
                 // default to all silent
-                android_log_addFilterRule(context->logformat, "*:s");
+                android_log_addFilterRule(logformat_.get(), "*:s");
                 break;
 
             case 'c':
@@ -983,25 +702,18 @@
                 if (strspn(optarg, "0123456789") != strlen(optarg)) {
                     char* cp = parseTime(tail_time, optarg);
                     if (!cp) {
-                        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "-%c \"%s\" not in time format\n", c,
-                                     optarg);
-                        goto exit;
+                        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "-%c \"%s\" not in time format\n", c, optarg);
                     }
                     if (*cp) {
                         char ch = *cp;
                         *cp = '\0';
-                        if (context->error) {
-                            fprintf(context->error, "WARNING: -%c \"%s\"\"%c%s\" time truncated\n",
-                                    c, optarg, ch, cp + 1);
-                        }
+                        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: -%c \"%s\"\"%c%s\" time truncated\n", c, optarg,
+                                ch, cp + 1);
                         *cp = ch;
                     }
                 } else {
                     if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &tail_lines, 1)) {
-                        if (context->error) {
-                            fprintf(context->error, "WARNING: -%c %s invalid, setting to 1\n", c,
-                                    optarg);
-                        }
+                        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: -%c %s invalid, setting to 1\n", c, optarg);
                         tail_lines = 1;
                     }
                 }
@@ -1012,14 +724,13 @@
                 break;
 
             case 'e':
-                context->regex.reset(new std::regex(optarg));
+                regex_.reset(new std::regex(optarg));
                 break;
 
             case 'm': {
-                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &context->maxCount)) {
-                    logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                                 "-%c \"%s\" isn't an integer greater than zero\n", c, optarg);
-                    goto exit;
+                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &max_count_)) {
+                    LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "-%c \"%s\" isn't an integer greater than zero\n", c,
+                                optarg);
                 }
             } break;
 
@@ -1059,9 +770,7 @@
                 }
 
                 if (!setLogSize) {
-                    logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                                 "ERROR: -G <num><multiplier>\n");
-                    goto exit;
+                    LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "ERROR: -G <num><multiplier>\n");
                 }
             } break;
 
@@ -1093,9 +802,7 @@
                         const char* name = android_log_id_to_name(log_id);
 
                         if (!!strcmp(name, arg)) {
-                            logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE,
-                                         "unknown buffer %s\n", arg);
-                            goto exit;
+                            LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "unknown buffer %s\n", arg);
                         }
                         if (log_id == LOG_ID_SECURITY) allSelected = false;
                         idMask |= (1 << log_id);
@@ -1111,7 +818,7 @@
                     if (!(idMask & (1 << i))) continue;
 
                     bool found = false;
-                    for (dev = context->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {
+                    for (dev = devices_; dev; dev = dev->next) {
                         if (!strcmp(name, dev->device)) {
                             found = true;
                             break;
@@ -1129,14 +836,14 @@
                         dev->next = d;
                         dev = d;
                     } else {
-                        context->devices = dev = d;
+                        devices_ = dev = d;
                     }
-                    context->devCount++;
+                    dev_count_++;
                 }
             } break;
 
             case 'B':
-                context->printBinary = 1;
+                print_binary_ = 1;
                 break;
 
             case 'f':
@@ -1144,38 +851,33 @@
                     tail_time = lastLogTime(optarg);
                 }
                 // redirect output to a file
-                context->outputFileName = optarg;
+                output_file_name_ = optarg;
                 break;
 
             case 'r':
-                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &context->logRotateSizeKBytes, 1)) {
-                    logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -r\n", optarg);
-                    goto exit;
+                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &log_rotate_size_kb_, 1)) {
+                    LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -r\n", optarg);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 'n':
-                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &context->maxRotatedLogs, 1)) {
-                    logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -n\n", optarg);
-                    goto exit;
+                if (!getSizeTArg(optarg, &max_rotated_logs_, 1)) {
+                    LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -n\n", optarg);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 'v': {
                 if (!strcmp(optarg, "help") || !strcmp(optarg, "--help")) {
-                    show_format_help(context);
-                    context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
-                    goto exit;
+                    show_format_help();
+                    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
                 }
                 std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void*)> formats(strdup(optarg), free);
                 char* arg = formats.get();
                 char* sv = nullptr;  // protect against -ENOMEM above
                 while (!!(arg = strtok_r(arg, delimiters, &sv))) {
-                    err = setLogFormat(context, arg);
+                    err = SetLogFormat(arg);
                     if (err < 0) {
-                        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FORMAT,
-                                     "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -v\n", arg);
-                        goto exit;
+                        LogcatPanic(HELP_FORMAT, "Invalid parameter \"%s\" to -v\n", arg);
                     }
                     arg = nullptr;
                     if (err) hasSetLogFormat = true;
@@ -1198,8 +900,7 @@
                 {
                     // if not in emulator, exit quietly
                     if (false == android::base::GetBoolProperty(QEMU_PROPERTY, false)) {
-                        context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
-                        goto exit;
+                        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
                     }
 
                     std::string cmdline = android::base::GetProperty(QEMU_CMDLINE, "");
@@ -1210,8 +911,7 @@
                     const char* logcatFilter = strstr(cmdline.c_str(), LOGCAT_FILTER);
                     // if nothing found or invalid filters, exit quietly
                     if (!logcatFilter) {
-                        context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
-                        goto exit;
+                        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
                     }
 
                     const char* p = logcatFilter + strlen(LOGCAT_FILTER);
@@ -1230,8 +930,7 @@
                     } else if (console) {
                         p = console + strlen(CONSOLE_OPTION);
                     } else {
-                        context->retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
-                        goto exit;
+                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                     }
 
                     q = strpbrk(p, " \t\n\r");
@@ -1248,37 +947,26 @@
                             devname = devname.substr(0, pos);
                         }
                     }
-                    cmdline.erase();
 
-                    if (context->error) {
-                        fprintf(context->error, "logcat using %s\n",
-                                devname.c_str());
+                    fprintf(stderr, "logcat using %s\n", devname.c_str());
+
+                    int fd = open(devname.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+                    if (fd < 0) {
+                        break;
                     }
 
-                    FILE* fp = fopen(devname.c_str(), "web");
-                    devname.erase();
-                    if (!fp) break;
-
                     if (consolePipe) {
                         // need the trailing '\0'
-                        if(!android::base::WriteFully(fileno(fp), pipePurpose.c_str(),
-                                    pipePurpose.size() + 1)) {
-                            fclose(fp);
-                            context->retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
-                            goto exit;
+                        if (!android::base::WriteFully(fd, pipePurpose.c_str(),
+                                                       pipePurpose.size() + 1)) {
+                            close(fd);
+                            return EXIT_FAILURE;
                         }
                     }
-
                     // close output and error channels, replace with console
-                    android::close_output(context);
-                    android::close_error(context);
-                    context->stderr_stdout = true;
-                    context->output = fp;
-                    context->output_fd = fileno(fp);
-                    if (context->stderr_null) break;
-                    context->stderr_stdout = true;
-                    context->error = fp;
-                    context->error_fd = fileno(fp);
+                    dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+                    dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
+                    close(fd);
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -1287,69 +975,59 @@
                 break;
 
             case ':':
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Option -%c needs an argument\n", optopt);
-                goto exit;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Option -%c needs an argument\n", optopt);
 
             case 'h':
-                show_help(context);
-                show_format_help(context);
-                goto exit;
+                show_help();
+                show_format_help();
+                return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 
             default:
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Unrecognized Option %c\n", optopt);
-                goto exit;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Unrecognized Option %c\n", optopt);
         }
     }
 
-    if (context->maxCount && got_t) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE,
-                     "Cannot use -m (--max-count) and -t together\n");
-        goto exit;
+    if (max_count_ && got_t) {
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Cannot use -m (--max-count) and -t together\n");
     }
-    if (context->printItAnyways && (!context->regex || !context->maxCount)) {
+    if (print_it_anyways_ && (!regex_ || !max_count_)) {
         // One day it would be nice if --print -v color and --regex <expr>
         // could play with each other and show regex highlighted content.
-        // clang-format off
-        if (context->error) {
-            fprintf(context->error, "WARNING: "
-                            "--print ignored, to be used in combination with\n"
-                                "         "
-                            "--regex <expr> and --max-count <N>\n");
-        }
-        context->printItAnyways = false;
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "WARNING: "
+                "--print ignored, to be used in combination with\n"
+                "         "
+                "--regex <expr> and --max-count <N>\n");
+        print_it_anyways_ = false;
     }
 
-    if (!context->devices) {
-        dev = context->devices = new log_device_t("main", false);
-        context->devCount = 1;
+    if (!devices_) {
+        dev = devices_ = new log_device_t("main", false);
+        dev_count_ = 1;
         if (android_name_to_log_id("system") == LOG_ID_SYSTEM) {
             dev = dev->next = new log_device_t("system", false);
-            context->devCount++;
+            dev_count_++;
         }
         if (android_name_to_log_id("crash") == LOG_ID_CRASH) {
             dev = dev->next = new log_device_t("crash", false);
-            context->devCount++;
+            dev_count_++;
         }
         if (android_name_to_log_id("kernel") == LOG_ID_KERNEL) {
             dev = dev->next = new log_device_t("kernel", false);
-            context->devCount++;
+            dev_count_++;
         }
     }
 
-    if (!!context->logRotateSizeKBytes && !context->outputFileName) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "-r requires -f as well\n");
-        goto exit;
+    if (log_rotate_size_kb_ != 0 && !output_file_name_) {
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "-r requires -f as well\n");
     }
 
-    if (!!setId) {
-        if (!context->outputFileName) {
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE,
-                         "--id='%s' requires -f as well\n", setId);
-            goto exit;
+    if (setId != 0) {
+        if (!output_file_name_) {
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "--id='%s' requires -f as well\n", setId);
         }
 
-        std::string file_name = android::base::StringPrintf(
-                                        "%s.id", context->outputFileName);
+        std::string file_name = StringPrintf("%s.id", output_file_name_);
         std::string file;
         bool file_ok = android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &file);
         android::base::WriteStringToFile(setId, file_name, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
@@ -1358,7 +1036,7 @@
     }
 
     if (!hasSetLogFormat) {
-        const char* logFormat = android::getenv(context, "ANDROID_PRINTF_LOG");
+        const char* logFormat = getenv("ANDROID_PRINTF_LOG");
 
         if (!!logFormat) {
             std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void*)> formats(strdup(logFormat),
@@ -1366,41 +1044,34 @@
             char* sv = nullptr;  // protect against -ENOMEM above
             char* arg = formats.get();
             while (!!(arg = strtok_r(arg, delimiters, &sv))) {
-                err = setLogFormat(context, arg);
+                err = SetLogFormat(arg);
                 // environment should not cause crash of logcat
-                if ((err < 0) && context->error) {
-                    fprintf(context->error,
-                            "invalid format in ANDROID_PRINTF_LOG '%s'\n", arg);
+                if (err < 0) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "invalid format in ANDROID_PRINTF_LOG '%s'\n", arg);
                 }
                 arg = nullptr;
                 if (err > 0) hasSetLogFormat = true;
             }
         }
         if (!hasSetLogFormat) {
-            setLogFormat(context, "threadtime");
+            SetLogFormat("threadtime");
         }
     }
 
     if (forceFilters.size()) {
-        err = android_log_addFilterString(context->logformat,
-                                          forceFilters.c_str());
+        err = android_log_addFilterString(logformat_.get(), forceFilters.c_str());
         if (err < 0) {
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                         "Invalid filter expression in logcat args\n");
-            goto exit;
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "Invalid filter expression in logcat args\n");
         }
     } else if (argc == optind) {
         // Add from environment variable
-        const char* env_tags_orig = android::getenv(context, "ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
+        const char* env_tags_orig = getenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
 
         if (!!env_tags_orig) {
-            err = android_log_addFilterString(context->logformat,
-                                              env_tags_orig);
+            err = android_log_addFilterString(logformat_.get(), env_tags_orig);
 
             if (err < 0) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE,
-                            "Invalid filter expression in ANDROID_LOG_TAGS\n");
-                goto exit;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Invalid filter expression in ANDROID_LOG_TAGS\n");
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -1411,16 +1082,14 @@
             // skip stdout redirections of _all_ kinds
             if (argv[i][0] == '>') continue;
 
-            err = android_log_addFilterString(context->logformat, argv[i]);
+            err = android_log_addFilterString(logformat_.get(), argv[i]);
             if (err < 0) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE,
-                             "Invalid filter expression '%s'\n", argv[i]);
-                goto exit;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_TRUE, "Invalid filter expression '%s'\n", argv[i]);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    dev = context->devices;
+    dev = devices_;
     if (tail_time != log_time::EPOCH) {
         logger_list = android_logger_list_alloc_time(mode, tail_time, pid);
     } else {
@@ -1439,21 +1108,18 @@
         }
 
         if (clearLog || setId) {
-            if (context->outputFileName) {
-                int maxRotationCountDigits =
-                    (context->maxRotatedLogs > 0) ?
-                        (int)(floor(log10(context->maxRotatedLogs) + 1)) :
-                        0;
+            if (output_file_name_) {
+                int max_rotation_count_digits =
+                        max_rotated_logs_ > 0 ? (int)(floor(log10(max_rotated_logs_) + 1)) : 0;
 
-                for (int i = context->maxRotatedLogs ; i >= 0 ; --i) {
+                for (int i = max_rotated_logs_; i >= 0; --i) {
                     std::string file;
 
                     if (!i) {
-                        file = android::base::StringPrintf(
-                            "%s", context->outputFileName);
+                        file = output_file_name_;
                     } else {
-                        file = android::base::StringPrintf("%s.%.*d",
-                            context->outputFileName, maxRotationCountDigits, i);
+                        file = StringPrintf("%s.%.*d", output_file_name_, max_rotation_count_digits,
+                                            i);
                     }
 
                     if (!file.length()) {
@@ -1497,36 +1163,25 @@
                        readable_format.first, readable_format.second,
                        (int)LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN,
                        (int)LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD);
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(context->output_fd,
-                                         str.data(), str.length()));
+                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(output_fd_.get(), str.data(), str.length()));
             }
         }
 
         dev = dev->next;
     }
 
-    context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
-
     // report any errors in the above loop and exit
     if (openDeviceFail) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                     "Unable to open log device '%s'\n", openDeviceFail);
-        goto close;
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "Unable to open log device '%s'\n", openDeviceFail);
     }
     if (clearFail) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                     "failed to clear the '%s' log\n", clearFail);
-        goto close;
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to clear the '%s' log\n", clearFail);
     }
     if (setSizeFail) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                     "failed to set the '%s' log size\n", setSizeFail);
-        goto close;
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to set the '%s' log size\n", setSizeFail);
     }
     if (getSizeFail) {
-        logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                     "failed to get the readable '%s' log size", getSizeFail);
-        goto close;
+        LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to get the readable '%s' log size", getSizeFail);
     }
 
     if (setPruneList) {
@@ -1537,15 +1192,13 @@
         if (asprintf(&buf, "%-*s", (int)(bLen - 1), setPruneList) > 0) {
             buf[len] = '\0';
             if (android_logger_set_prune_list(logger_list, buf, bLen)) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                             "failed to set the prune list");
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to set the prune list");
             }
             free(buf);
         } else {
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
-                         "failed to set the prune list (alloc)");
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to set the prune list (alloc)");
         }
-        goto close;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
     if (printStatistics || getPruneList) {
@@ -1574,8 +1227,7 @@
         }
 
         if (!buf) {
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "failed to read data");
-            goto close;
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "failed to read data");
         }
 
         // remove trailing FF
@@ -1592,149 +1244,68 @@
         }
 
         len = strlen(cp);
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(context->output_fd, cp, len));
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(output_fd_.get(), cp, len));
         delete[] buf;
-        goto close;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    if (getLogSize || setLogSize || clearLog) goto close;
+    if (getLogSize || setLogSize || clearLog) return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 
-    setupOutputAndSchedulingPolicy(context, !(mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK));
-    if (context->stop) goto close;
-
-    // LOG_EVENT_INT(10, 12345);
-    // LOG_EVENT_LONG(11, 0x1122334455667788LL);
-    // LOG_EVENT_STRING(0, "whassup, doc?");
+    SetupOutputAndSchedulingPolicy(!(mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK));
 
     dev = nullptr;
 
-    while (!context->stop &&
-           (!context->maxCount || (context->printCount < context->maxCount))) {
+    while (!max_count_ || print_count_ < max_count_) {
         struct log_msg log_msg;
         int ret = android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg);
         if (!ret) {
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected EOF!\n");
-            break;
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected EOF!\n");
         }
 
         if (ret < 0) {
             if (ret == -EAGAIN) break;
 
             if (ret == -EIO) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected EOF!\n");
-                break;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected EOF!\n");
             }
             if (ret == -EINVAL) {
-                logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected length.\n");
-                break;
+                LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected length.\n");
             }
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "logcat read failure\n");
-            break;
+            LogcatPanic(HELP_FALSE, "logcat read failure\n");
         }
 
         log_device_t* d;
-        for (d = context->devices; d; d = d->next) {
+        for (d = devices_; d; d = d->next) {
             if (android_name_to_log_id(d->device) == log_msg.id()) break;
         }
         if (!d) {
-            context->devCount = 2; // set to Multiple
+            dev_count_ = 2;  // set to Multiple
             d = &unexpected;
             d->binary = log_msg.id() == LOG_ID_EVENTS;
         }
 
         if (dev != d) {
             dev = d;
-            maybePrintStart(context, dev, printDividers);
-            if (context->stop) break;
+            MaybePrintStart(dev, printDividers);
         }
-        if (context->printBinary) {
-            printBinary(context, &log_msg);
+        if (print_binary_) {
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(output_fd_.get(), &log_msg, log_msg.len()));
         } else {
-            processBuffer(context, dev, &log_msg);
+            ProcessBuffer(dev, &log_msg);
         }
     }
-
-close:
-    // Short and sweet. Implemented generic version in android_logcat_destroy.
-    while (!!(dev = context->devices)) {
-        context->devices = dev->next;
-        delete dev;
-    }
-    android_logger_list_free(logger_list);
-
-exit:
-    // close write end of pipe to help things along
-    if (context->output_fd == context->fds[1]) {
-        android::close_output(context);
-    }
-    if (context->error_fd == context->fds[1]) {
-        android::close_error(context);
-    }
-    if (context->fds[1] >= 0) {
-        // NB: should be closed by the above
-        int save_errno = errno;
-        close(context->fds[1]);
-        errno = save_errno;
-        context->fds[1] = -1;
-    }
-    context->thread_stopped = true;
-    return context->retval;
+    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-// Can block
-int android_logcat_run_command(android_logcat_context ctx,
-                               int output, int error,
-                               int argc, char* const* argv,
-                               char* const* envp) {
-    android_logcat_context_internal* context = ctx;
-
-    context->output_fd = output;
-    context->error_fd = error;
-    context->argc = argc;
-    context->argv = argv;
-    context->envp = envp;
-    context->stop = false;
-    context->thread_stopped = false;
-    return __logcat(context);
+int RunLogcat(int argc, char** argv) {
+    Logcat logcat;
+    return logcat.Run(argc, argv);
 }
 
-// Finished with context
-int android_logcat_destroy(android_logcat_context* ctx) {
-    android_logcat_context_internal* context = *ctx;
-
-    if (!context) return -EBADF;
-
-    *ctx = nullptr;
-
-    context->stop = true;
-
-    while (context->thread_stopped == false) {
-        // Makes me sad, replace thread_stopped with semaphore.  Short lived.
-        sched_yield();
-    }
-
-    context->argv_hold.clear();
-    context->args.clear();
-    context->envp_hold.clear();
-    context->envs.clear();
-    if (context->fds[0] >= 0) {
-        close(context->fds[0]);
-        context->fds[0] = -1;
-    }
-    android::close_output(context);
-    android::close_error(context);
-
-    if (context->fds[1] >= 0) {
-        // NB: this should be closed by close_output, but just in case...
-        close(context->fds[1]);
-        context->fds[1] = -1;
-    }
-
-    android_closeEventTagMap(context->eventTagMap);
-
+Logcat::~Logcat() {
     // generic cleanup of devices list to handle all possible dirty cases
     log_device_t* dev;
-    while (!!(dev = context->devices)) {
+    while (!!(dev = devices_)) {
         struct logger_list* logger_list = dev->logger_list;
         if (logger_list) {
             for (log_device_t* d = dev; d; d = d->next) {
@@ -1742,13 +1313,7 @@
             }
             android_logger_list_free(logger_list);
         }
-        context->devices = dev->next;
+        devices_ = dev->next;
         delete dev;
     }
-
-    int retval = context->retval;
-
-    free(context);
-
-    return retval;
 }
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.h b/logcat/logcat.h
index 85ed7da..4cc112b 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.h
+++ b/logcat/logcat.h
@@ -16,45 +16,4 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-/*
- * The opaque context
- */
-typedef struct android_logcat_context_internal* android_logcat_context;
-
-/* Creates a context associated with this logcat instance
- *
- * Returns a pointer to the context, or a NULL on error.
- */
-android_logcat_context create_android_logcat();
-
-/* Collects and outputs the logcat data to output and error file descriptors
- *
- * Will block, performed in-thread and in-process
- *
- * The output file descriptor variable, if greater than or equal to 0, is
- * where the output (ie: stdout) will be sent. The file descriptor is closed
- * on android_logcat_destroy which terminates the instance, or when an -f flag
- * (output redirect to a file) is present in the command.  The error file
- * descriptor variable, if greater than or equal to 0, is where the error
- * stream (ie: stderr) will be sent, also closed on android_logcat_destroy.
- * The error file descriptor can be set to equal to the output file descriptor,
- * which will mix output and error stream content, and will defer closure of
- * the file descriptor on -f flag redirection.  Negative values for the file
- * descriptors will use stdout and stderr FILE references respectively
- * internally, and will not close the references as noted above.
- *
- * Return value is 0 for success, non-zero for errors.
- */
-int android_logcat_run_command(android_logcat_context ctx, int output, int error, int argc,
-                               char* const* argv, char* const* envp);
-
-/* Finished with context
- *
- * Kill the command thread ASAP (if any), and free up all associated resources.
- *
- * Return value is the result of the android_logcat_run_command, or
- * non-zero for any errors.
- */
-int android_logcat_destroy(android_logcat_context* ctx);
+int RunLogcat(int argc, char** argv);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/logcat/logcat_main.cpp b/logcat/logcat_main.cpp
index ecfa2ba..59ab716 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat_main.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat_main.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "logcat.h"
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv, char** envp) {
-    android_logcat_context ctx = create_android_logcat();
-    if (!ctx) return -1;
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     signal(SIGPIPE, exit);
-    int retval = android_logcat_run_command(ctx, -1, -1, argc, argv, envp);
-    int ret = android_logcat_destroy(&ctx);
-    if (!ret) ret = retval;
-    return ret;
+    return RunLogcat(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp b/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp
index c131846..4da933f 100644
--- a/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "logcat.h"
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv, char** envp) {
-    android_logcat_context ctx = create_android_logcat();
-    if (!ctx) return -1;
-
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     signal(SIGPIPE, exit);
 
     // Save and detect presence of -L or --last flag
@@ -46,8 +43,7 @@
     int ret = 0;
     if (last) {
         // Run logcat command with -L flag
-        ret = android_logcat_run_command(ctx, -1, -1, argv_hold.size() - 1,
-                                         (char* const*)&argv_hold[0], envp);
+        ret = RunLogcat(argv_hold.size() - 1, (char**)&argv_hold[0]);
         // Remove -L and --last flags from argument list
         for (std::vector<const char*>::iterator it = argv_hold.begin();
              it != argv_hold.end();) {
@@ -62,10 +58,7 @@
     }
 
     // Run logcat command without -L flag
-    int retval = android_logcat_run_command(ctx, -1, -1, argv_hold.size() - 1,
-                                            (char* const*)&argv_hold[0], envp);
-    if (!ret) ret = retval;
-    retval = android_logcat_destroy(&ctx);
+    int retval = RunLogcat(argv_hold.size() - 1, (char**)&argv_hold[0]);
     if (!ret) ret = retval;
     return ret;
 }