Add standalone tools for logical partitions.

This introduces three standalone tools: lpmake, lpdump, and lpflash.

lpmake should be run on the host and will output a partition table image
that can be flashed to a block device. An example invocation:

  lpmake --device-size 268435456 --metadata-size 131072 \
         --metadata-slots 2 --output lptable.img \
         --partition "cache:7837d8ea-a9cb-425f-809f-de8d9670f3c7:none:209715200"

lpdump is a diagnostic tool that will print the contents of a logical
partition table. It can inspect either an image file (from lpmake) or a
live physical partition on a device.

lpflash is a helper tool until fastboot supports logical partitions. It
must be run on a device, and will write a partition table image (created
by lpmake) to a block device.

Bug: 79173901
Test: N/A

Change-Id: Iac0863c8d42b5d6508c30b1f298fbdff07653696
diff --git a/partition_tools/lpmake.cc b/partition_tools/lpmake.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..016b32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/partition_tools/lpmake.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sysexits.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <liblp/builder.h>
+#include <liblp/writer.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+
+/* Prints program usage to |where|. */
+static int usage(int /* argc */, char* argv[]) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "%s - command-line tool for creating Android Logical Partition images.\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Usage:\n"
+            "  %s [options]\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Required options:\n"
+            "  -d,--device-size=SIZE         Size of the block device for logical partitions.\n"
+            "  -m,--metadata-size=SIZE       Maximum size to reserve for partition metadata.\n"
+            "  -s,--metadata-slots=COUNT     Number of slots to store metadata copies.\n"
+            "  -p,--partition=DATA           Add a partition given the data, see below.\n"
+            "  -o,--output=FILE              Output file.\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Partition format:\n"
+            "  <name>:<guid>:<attributes>:<size>\n"
+            "  Attrs must be 'none' or 'readonly'.\n",
+            argv[0], argv[0]);
+    return EX_USAGE;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    struct option options[] = {
+        { "device-size", required_argument, nullptr, 'd' },
+        { "metadata-size", required_argument, nullptr, 'm' },
+        { "metadata-slots", required_argument, nullptr, 's' },
+        { "partition", required_argument, nullptr, 'p' },
+        { "output", required_argument, nullptr, 'o' },
+        { "help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h' },
+        { nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0 },
+    };
+
+    uint64_t blockdevice_size = 0;
+    uint32_t metadata_size = 0;
+    uint32_t metadata_slots = 0;
+    std::string output_path;
+    std::vector<std::string> partitions;
+
+    int rv;
+    int index;
+    while ((rv = getopt_long_only(argc, argv, "d:m:s:p:o:h", options, &index)) != -1) {
+        switch (rv) {
+            case 'h':
+                return usage(argc, argv);
+            case 'd':
+                if (!android::base::ParseUint(optarg, &blockdevice_size)) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid argument to --device-size.\n");
+                    return EX_USAGE;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                if (!android::base::ParseUint(optarg, &metadata_size)) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid argument to --metadata-size.\n");
+                    return EX_USAGE;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                if (!android::base::ParseUint(optarg, &metadata_slots)) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid argument to --metadata-slots.\n");
+                    return EX_USAGE;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                partitions.push_back(optarg);
+                break;
+            case 'o':
+                output_path = optarg;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check for empty arguments so we can print a more helpful message rather
+    // than error on each individual missing argument.
+    if (optind == 1) {
+        return usage(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (!blockdevice_size) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--device-size needs more than 0 bytes of disk space.\n");
+        return EX_USAGE;
+    }
+    if (!metadata_size) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--metadata-size must be more than 0 bytes.\n");
+        return EX_USAGE;
+    }
+    if (!metadata_slots) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--metadata-slots must be more than 0.\n");
+        return EX_USAGE;
+    }
+    if (output_path.empty()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "--output must specify a valid path.\n");
+        return EX_USAGE;
+    }
+    if (partitions.empty()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Partition table must have at least one entry.\n");
+        return EX_USAGE;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder =
+            MetadataBuilder::New(blockdevice_size, metadata_size, metadata_slots);
+
+    for (const auto& partition_info : partitions) {
+        std::vector<std::string> parts = android::base::Split(partition_info, ":");
+        if (parts.size() != 4) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Partition info has invalid formatting.\n");
+            return EX_USAGE;
+        }
+
+        std::string name = parts[0];
+        if (!name.length()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Partition must have a valid name.\n");
+            return EX_USAGE;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t size;
+        if (!android::base::ParseUint(parts[3].c_str(), &size)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Partition must have a valid size.\n");
+            return EX_USAGE;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t attribute_flags = 0;
+        std::string attributes = parts[2];
+        if (attributes == "readonly") {
+            attribute_flags |= LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY;
+        } else if (attributes != "none") {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Attribute not recognized: %s\n", attributes.c_str());
+            return EX_USAGE;
+        }
+
+        Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition(name, parts[1], attribute_flags);
+        if (!builder->GrowPartition(partition, size)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Not enough space on device for partition %s with size %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                    name.c_str(), size);
+            return EX_SOFTWARE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = builder->Export();
+    if (!WriteToImageFile(output_path.c_str(), *metadata.get())) {
+        return EX_CANTCREAT;
+    }
+
+    return EX_OK;
+}