runtime/common_runtime_test.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "common_runtime_test.h"

#include <dirent.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include "nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h"

#include "../../external/icu/icu4c/source/common/unicode/uvernum.h"
#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"

#include "art_field-inl.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/macros.h"
#include "base/stl_util.h"
#include "base/unix_file/fd_file.h"
#include "class_linker.h"
#include "compiler_callbacks.h"
#include "dex_file-inl.h"
#include "dex_file_loader.h"
#include "gc/heap.h"
#include "gc_root-inl.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "handle_scope-inl.h"
#include "interpreter/unstarted_runtime.h"
#include "java_vm_ext.h"
#include "jni_internal.h"
#include "mem_map.h"
#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
#include "mirror/class_loader.h"
#include "native/dalvik_system_DexFile.h"
#include "noop_compiler_callbacks.h"
#include "os.h"
#include "primitive.h"
#include "runtime-inl.h"
#include "scoped_thread_state_change-inl.h"
#include "thread.h"
#include "well_known_classes.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  // Gtests can be very noisy. For example, an executable with multiple tests will trigger native
  // bridge warnings. The following line reduces the minimum log severity to ERROR and suppresses
  // everything else. In case you want to see all messages, comment out the line.
  setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:e", 1);

  art::InitLogging(argv, art::Runtime::Abort);
  LOG(INFO) << "Running main() from common_runtime_test.cc...";
  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

namespace art {

using android::base::StringPrintf;

static const uint8_t kBase64Map[256] = {
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  62, 255, 255, 255,  63,
  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61, 255, 255,
  255, 254, 255, 255, 255,   0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,
    7,   8,   9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  // NOLINT
   19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  // NOLINT
  255,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,
   37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,  // NOLINT
   49,  50,  51, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,  // NOLINT
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
  255, 255, 255, 255
};

uint8_t* DecodeBase64(const char* src, size_t* dst_size) {
  CHECK(dst_size != nullptr);
  std::vector<uint8_t> tmp;
  uint32_t t = 0, y = 0;
  int g = 3;
  for (size_t i = 0; src[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
    uint8_t c = kBase64Map[src[i] & 0xFF];
    if (c == 255) continue;
    // the final = symbols are read and used to trim the remaining bytes
    if (c == 254) {
      c = 0;
      // prevent g < 0 which would potentially allow an overflow later
      if (--g < 0) {
        *dst_size = 0;
        return nullptr;
      }
    } else if (g != 3) {
      // we only allow = to be at the end
      *dst_size = 0;
      return nullptr;
    }
    t = (t << 6) | c;
    if (++y == 4) {
      tmp.push_back((t >> 16) & 255);
      if (g > 1) {
        tmp.push_back((t >> 8) & 255);
      }
      if (g > 2) {
        tmp.push_back(t & 255);
      }
      y = t = 0;
    }
  }
  if (y != 0) {
    *dst_size = 0;
    return nullptr;
  }
  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> dst(new uint8_t[tmp.size()]);
  *dst_size = tmp.size();
  std::copy(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), dst.get());
  return dst.release();
}

ScratchFile::ScratchFile() {
  // ANDROID_DATA needs to be set
  CHECK_NE(static_cast<char*>(nullptr), getenv("ANDROID_DATA")) <<
      "Are you subclassing RuntimeTest?";
  filename_ = getenv("ANDROID_DATA");
  filename_ += "/TmpFile-XXXXXX";
  int fd = mkstemp(&filename_[0]);
  CHECK_NE(-1, fd) << strerror(errno) << " for " << filename_;
  file_.reset(new File(fd, GetFilename(), true));
}

ScratchFile::ScratchFile(const ScratchFile& other, const char* suffix)
    : ScratchFile(other.GetFilename() + suffix) {}

ScratchFile::ScratchFile(const std::string& filename) : filename_(filename) {
  int fd = open(filename_.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0666);
  CHECK_NE(-1, fd);
  file_.reset(new File(fd, GetFilename(), true));
}

ScratchFile::ScratchFile(File* file) {
  CHECK(file != nullptr);
  filename_ = file->GetPath();
  file_.reset(file);
}

ScratchFile::ScratchFile(ScratchFile&& other) {
  *this = std::move(other);
}

ScratchFile& ScratchFile::operator=(ScratchFile&& other) {
  if (GetFile() != other.GetFile()) {
    std::swap(filename_, other.filename_);
    std::swap(file_, other.file_);
  }
  return *this;
}

ScratchFile::~ScratchFile() {
  Unlink();
}

int ScratchFile::GetFd() const {
  return file_->Fd();
}

void ScratchFile::Close() {
  if (file_.get() != nullptr) {
    if (file_->FlushCloseOrErase() != 0) {
      PLOG(WARNING) << "Error closing scratch file.";
    }
  }
}

void ScratchFile::Unlink() {
  if (!OS::FileExists(filename_.c_str())) {
    return;
  }
  Close();
  int unlink_result = unlink(filename_.c_str());
  CHECK_EQ(0, unlink_result);
}

static bool unstarted_initialized_ = false;

CommonRuntimeTestImpl::CommonRuntimeTestImpl()
    : class_linker_(nullptr), java_lang_dex_file_(nullptr) {
}

CommonRuntimeTestImpl::~CommonRuntimeTestImpl() {
  // Ensure the dex files are cleaned up before the runtime.
  loaded_dex_files_.clear();
  runtime_.reset();
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::SetUpAndroidRoot() {
  if (IsHost()) {
    // $ANDROID_ROOT is set on the device, but not necessarily on the host.
    // But it needs to be set so that icu4c can find its locale data.
    const char* android_root_from_env = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (android_root_from_env == nullptr) {
      // Use ANDROID_HOST_OUT for ANDROID_ROOT if it is set.
      const char* android_host_out = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
      if (android_host_out != nullptr) {
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", android_host_out, 1);
      } else {
        // Build it from ANDROID_BUILD_TOP or cwd
        std::string root;
        const char* android_build_top = getenv("ANDROID_BUILD_TOP");
        if (android_build_top != nullptr) {
          root += android_build_top;
        } else {
          // Not set by build server, so default to current directory
          char* cwd = getcwd(nullptr, 0);
          setenv("ANDROID_BUILD_TOP", cwd, 1);
          root += cwd;
          free(cwd);
        }
#if defined(__linux__)
        root += "/out/host/linux-x86";
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
        root += "/out/host/darwin-x86";
#else
#error unsupported OS
#endif
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", root.c_str(), 1);
      }
    }
    setenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", ":", 0);  // Required by java.lang.System.<clinit>.

    // Not set by build server, so default
    if (getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT") == nullptr) {
      setenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT", getenv("ANDROID_ROOT"), 1);
    }
  }
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::SetUpAndroidData(std::string& android_data) {
  // On target, Cannot use /mnt/sdcard because it is mounted noexec, so use subdir of dalvik-cache
  if (IsHost()) {
    const char* tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
    if (tmpdir != nullptr && tmpdir[0] != 0) {
      android_data = tmpdir;
    } else {
      android_data = "/tmp";
    }
  } else {
    android_data = "/data/dalvik-cache";
  }
  android_data += "/art-data-XXXXXX";
  if (mkdtemp(&android_data[0]) == nullptr) {
    PLOG(FATAL) << "mkdtemp(\"" << &android_data[0] << "\") failed";
  }
  setenv("ANDROID_DATA", android_data.c_str(), 1);
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::TearDownAndroidData(const std::string& android_data,
                                                bool fail_on_error) {
  if (fail_on_error) {
    ASSERT_EQ(rmdir(android_data.c_str()), 0);
  } else {
    rmdir(android_data.c_str());
  }
}

// Helper - find directory with the following format:
// ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}/${subdir1}/${subdir2}-${version}/${subdir3}/bin/
static std::string GetAndroidToolsDir(const std::string& subdir1,
                                      const std::string& subdir2,
                                      const std::string& subdir3) {
  std::string root;
  const char* android_build_top = getenv("ANDROID_BUILD_TOP");
  if (android_build_top != nullptr) {
    root = android_build_top;
  } else {
    // Not set by build server, so default to current directory
    char* cwd = getcwd(nullptr, 0);
    setenv("ANDROID_BUILD_TOP", cwd, 1);
    root = cwd;
    free(cwd);
  }

  std::string toolsdir = root + "/" + subdir1;
  std::string founddir;
  DIR* dir;
  if ((dir = opendir(toolsdir.c_str())) != nullptr) {
    float maxversion = 0;
    struct dirent* entry;
    while ((entry = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
      std::string format = subdir2 + "-%f";
      float version;
      if (std::sscanf(entry->d_name, format.c_str(), &version) == 1) {
        if (version > maxversion) {
          maxversion = version;
          founddir = toolsdir + "/" + entry->d_name + "/" + subdir3 + "/bin/";
        }
      }
    }
    closedir(dir);
  }

  if (founddir.empty()) {
    ADD_FAILURE() << "Cannot find Android tools directory.";
  }
  return founddir;
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetAndroidHostToolsDir() {
  return GetAndroidToolsDir("prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/host",
                            "x86_64-linux-glibc2.15",
                            "x86_64-linux");
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetAndroidTargetToolsDir(InstructionSet isa) {
  switch (isa) {
    case kArm:
    case kThumb2:
      return GetAndroidToolsDir("prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm",
                                "arm-linux-androideabi",
                                "arm-linux-androideabi");
    case kArm64:
      return GetAndroidToolsDir("prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64",
                                "aarch64-linux-android",
                                "aarch64-linux-android");
    case kX86:
    case kX86_64:
      return GetAndroidToolsDir("prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/x86",
                                "x86_64-linux-android",
                                "x86_64-linux-android");
    case kMips:
    case kMips64:
      return GetAndroidToolsDir("prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/mips",
                                "mips64el-linux-android",
                                "mips64el-linux-android");
    case kNone:
      break;
  }
  ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid isa " << isa;
  return "";
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetCoreArtLocation() {
  return GetCoreFileLocation("art");
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetCoreOatLocation() {
  return GetCoreFileLocation("oat");
}

std::unique_ptr<const DexFile> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadExpectSingleDexFile(
    const char* location) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> dex_files;
  std::string error_msg;
  MemMap::Init();
  static constexpr bool kVerifyChecksum = true;
  if (!DexFileLoader::Open(location, location, kVerifyChecksum, &error_msg, &dex_files)) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Could not open .dex file '" << location << "': " << error_msg << "\n";
    UNREACHABLE();
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(1U, dex_files.size()) << "Expected only one dex file in " << location;
    return std::move(dex_files[0]);
  }
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::SetUp() {
  SetUpAndroidRoot();
  SetUpAndroidData(android_data_);
  dalvik_cache_.append(android_data_.c_str());
  dalvik_cache_.append("/dalvik-cache");
  int mkdir_result = mkdir(dalvik_cache_.c_str(), 0700);
  ASSERT_EQ(mkdir_result, 0);

  std::string min_heap_string(StringPrintf("-Xms%zdm", gc::Heap::kDefaultInitialSize / MB));
  std::string max_heap_string(StringPrintf("-Xmx%zdm", gc::Heap::kDefaultMaximumSize / MB));


  RuntimeOptions options;
  std::string boot_class_path_string = "-Xbootclasspath";
  for (const std::string &core_dex_file_name : GetLibCoreDexFileNames()) {
    boot_class_path_string += ":";
    boot_class_path_string += core_dex_file_name;
  }

  options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_class_path_string, nullptr));
  options.push_back(std::make_pair("-Xcheck:jni", nullptr));
  options.push_back(std::make_pair(min_heap_string, nullptr));
  options.push_back(std::make_pair(max_heap_string, nullptr));
  options.push_back(std::make_pair("-XX:SlowDebug=true", nullptr));
  static bool gSlowDebugTestFlag = false;
  RegisterRuntimeDebugFlag(&gSlowDebugTestFlag);

  callbacks_.reset(new NoopCompilerCallbacks());

  SetUpRuntimeOptions(&options);

  // Install compiler-callbacks if SetupRuntimeOptions hasn't deleted them.
  if (callbacks_.get() != nullptr) {
    options.push_back(std::make_pair("compilercallbacks", callbacks_.get()));
  }

  PreRuntimeCreate();
  if (!Runtime::Create(options, false)) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to create runtime";
    return;
  }
  PostRuntimeCreate();
  runtime_.reset(Runtime::Current());
  class_linker_ = runtime_->GetClassLinker();

  // Runtime::Create acquired the mutator_lock_ that is normally given away when we
  // Runtime::Start, give it away now and then switch to a more managable ScopedObjectAccess.
  Thread::Current()->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);

  // Get the boot class path from the runtime so it can be used in tests.
  boot_class_path_ = class_linker_->GetBootClassPath();
  ASSERT_FALSE(boot_class_path_.empty());
  java_lang_dex_file_ = boot_class_path_[0];

  FinalizeSetup();

  // Ensure that we're really running with debug checks enabled.
  CHECK(gSlowDebugTestFlag);
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::FinalizeSetup() {
  // Initialize maps for unstarted runtime. This needs to be here, as running clinits needs this
  // set up.
  if (!unstarted_initialized_) {
    interpreter::UnstartedRuntime::Initialize();
    unstarted_initialized_ = true;
  }

  {
    ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
    class_linker_->RunRootClinits();
  }

  // We're back in native, take the opportunity to initialize well known classes.
  WellKnownClasses::Init(Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv());

  // Create the heap thread pool so that the GC runs in parallel for tests. Normally, the thread
  // pool is created by the runtime.
  runtime_->GetHeap()->CreateThreadPool();
  runtime_->GetHeap()->VerifyHeap();  // Check for heap corruption before the test
  // Reduce timinig-dependent flakiness in OOME behavior (eg StubTest.AllocObject).
  runtime_->GetHeap()->SetMinIntervalHomogeneousSpaceCompactionByOom(0U);
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::ClearDirectory(const char* dirpath, bool recursive) {
  ASSERT_TRUE(dirpath != nullptr);
  DIR* dir = opendir(dirpath);
  ASSERT_TRUE(dir != nullptr);
  dirent* e;
  struct stat s;
  while ((e = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
    if ((strcmp(e->d_name, ".") == 0) || (strcmp(e->d_name, "..") == 0)) {
      continue;
    }
    std::string filename(dirpath);
    filename.push_back('/');
    filename.append(e->d_name);
    int stat_result = lstat(filename.c_str(), &s);
    ASSERT_EQ(0, stat_result) << "unable to stat " << filename;
    if (S_ISDIR(s.st_mode)) {
      if (recursive) {
        ClearDirectory(filename.c_str());
        int rmdir_result = rmdir(filename.c_str());
        ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir_result) << filename;
      }
    } else {
      int unlink_result = unlink(filename.c_str());
      ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink_result) << filename;
    }
  }
  closedir(dir);
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::TearDown() {
  const char* android_data = getenv("ANDROID_DATA");
  ASSERT_TRUE(android_data != nullptr);
  ClearDirectory(dalvik_cache_.c_str());
  int rmdir_cache_result = rmdir(dalvik_cache_.c_str());
  ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir_cache_result);
  TearDownAndroidData(android_data_, true);
  dalvik_cache_.clear();

  if (runtime_ != nullptr) {
    runtime_->GetHeap()->VerifyHeap();  // Check for heap corruption after the test
  }
}

static std::string GetDexFileName(const std::string& jar_prefix, bool host) {
  std::string path;
  if (host) {
    const char* host_dir = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
    CHECK(host_dir != nullptr);
    path = host_dir;
  } else {
    path = GetAndroidRoot();
  }

  std::string suffix = host
      ? "-hostdex"                 // The host version.
      : "-testdex";                // The unstripped target version.

  return StringPrintf("%s/framework/%s%s.jar", path.c_str(), jar_prefix.c_str(), suffix.c_str());
}

std::vector<std::string> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetLibCoreDexFileNames() {
  return std::vector<std::string>({GetDexFileName("core-oj", IsHost()),
                                   GetDexFileName("core-libart", IsHost())});
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetTestAndroidRoot() {
  if (IsHost()) {
    const char* host_dir = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
    CHECK(host_dir != nullptr);
    return host_dir;
  }
  return GetAndroidRoot();
}

// Check that for target builds we have ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR set.
#ifdef ART_TARGET
#ifndef ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR
#error "ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR not set."
#endif
// Wrap it as a string literal.
#define ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR_STRING STRINGIFY(ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR) "/"
#else
#define ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR_STRING ""
#endif

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetTestDexFileName(const char* name) const {
  CHECK(name != nullptr);
  std::string filename;
  if (IsHost()) {
    filename += getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
    filename += "/framework/";
  } else {
    filename += ART_TARGET_NATIVETEST_DIR_STRING;
  }
  filename += "art-gtest-";
  filename += name;
  filename += ".jar";
  return filename;
}

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::OpenTestDexFiles(
    const char* name) {
  std::string filename = GetTestDexFileName(name);
  static constexpr bool kVerifyChecksum = true;
  std::string error_msg;
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> dex_files;
  bool success = DexFileLoader::Open(
      filename.c_str(), filename.c_str(), kVerifyChecksum, &error_msg, &dex_files);
  CHECK(success) << "Failed to open '" << filename << "': " << error_msg;
  for (auto& dex_file : dex_files) {
    CHECK_EQ(PROT_READ, dex_file->GetPermissions());
    CHECK(dex_file->IsReadOnly());
  }
  return dex_files;
}

std::unique_ptr<const DexFile> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::OpenTestDexFile(const char* name) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> vector = OpenTestDexFiles(name);
  EXPECT_EQ(1U, vector.size());
  return std::move(vector[0]);
}

std::vector<const DexFile*> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetDexFiles(jobject jclass_loader) {
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());

  StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader = hs.NewHandle(
      soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(jclass_loader));
  return GetDexFiles(soa, class_loader);
}

std::vector<const DexFile*> CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetDexFiles(
    ScopedObjectAccess& soa,
    Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader) {
  std::vector<const DexFile*> ret;

  DCHECK(
      (class_loader->GetClass() ==
          soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_PathClassLoader)) ||
      (class_loader->GetClass() ==
          soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_DelegateLastClassLoader)));

  // The class loader is a PathClassLoader which inherits from BaseDexClassLoader.
  // We need to get the DexPathList and loop through it.
  ArtField* cookie_field = jni::DecodeArtField(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_DexFile_cookie);
  ArtField* dex_file_field =
      jni::DecodeArtField(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_DexPathList__Element_dexFile);
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> dex_path_list =
      jni::DecodeArtField(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_BaseDexClassLoader_pathList)->
          GetObject(class_loader.Get());
  if (dex_path_list != nullptr && dex_file_field!= nullptr && cookie_field != nullptr) {
    // DexPathList has an array dexElements of Elements[] which each contain a dex file.
    ObjPtr<mirror::Object> dex_elements_obj =
        jni::DecodeArtField(WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_DexPathList_dexElements)->
            GetObject(dex_path_list);
    // Loop through each dalvik.system.DexPathList$Element's dalvik.system.DexFile and look
    // at the mCookie which is a DexFile vector.
    if (dex_elements_obj != nullptr) {
      StackHandleScope<1> hs(soa.Self());
      Handle<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>> dex_elements =
          hs.NewHandle(dex_elements_obj->AsObjectArray<mirror::Object>());
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < dex_elements->GetLength(); ++i) {
        ObjPtr<mirror::Object> element = dex_elements->GetWithoutChecks(i);
        if (element == nullptr) {
          // Should never happen, fall back to java code to throw a NPE.
          break;
        }
        ObjPtr<mirror::Object> dex_file = dex_file_field->GetObject(element);
        if (dex_file != nullptr) {
          ObjPtr<mirror::LongArray> long_array = cookie_field->GetObject(dex_file)->AsLongArray();
          DCHECK(long_array != nullptr);
          int32_t long_array_size = long_array->GetLength();
          for (int32_t j = kDexFileIndexStart; j < long_array_size; ++j) {
            const DexFile* cp_dex_file = reinterpret_cast<const DexFile*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(
                long_array->GetWithoutChecks(j)));
            if (cp_dex_file == nullptr) {
              LOG(WARNING) << "Null DexFile";
              continue;
            }
            ret.push_back(cp_dex_file);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return ret;
}

const DexFile* CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetFirstDexFile(jobject jclass_loader) {
  std::vector<const DexFile*> tmp(GetDexFiles(jclass_loader));
  DCHECK(!tmp.empty());
  const DexFile* ret = tmp[0];
  DCHECK(ret != nullptr);
  return ret;
}

jobject CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadMultiDex(const char* first_dex_name,
                                            const char* second_dex_name) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> first_dex_files = OpenTestDexFiles(first_dex_name);
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> second_dex_files = OpenTestDexFiles(second_dex_name);
  std::vector<const DexFile*> class_path;
  CHECK_NE(0U, first_dex_files.size());
  CHECK_NE(0U, second_dex_files.size());
  for (auto& dex_file : first_dex_files) {
    class_path.push_back(dex_file.get());
    loaded_dex_files_.push_back(std::move(dex_file));
  }
  for (auto& dex_file : second_dex_files) {
    class_path.push_back(dex_file.get());
    loaded_dex_files_.push_back(std::move(dex_file));
  }

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  jobject class_loader = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->CreatePathClassLoader(self,
                                                                                     class_path);
  self->SetClassLoaderOverride(class_loader);
  return class_loader;
}

jobject CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadDex(const char* dex_name) {
  jobject class_loader = LoadDexInPathClassLoader(dex_name, nullptr);
  Thread::Current()->SetClassLoaderOverride(class_loader);
  return class_loader;
}

jobject CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadDexInWellKnownClassLoader(const std::string& dex_name,
                                                             jclass loader_class,
                                                             jobject parent_loader) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>> dex_files = OpenTestDexFiles(dex_name.c_str());
  std::vector<const DexFile*> class_path;
  CHECK_NE(0U, dex_files.size());
  for (auto& dex_file : dex_files) {
    class_path.push_back(dex_file.get());
    loaded_dex_files_.push_back(std::move(dex_file));
  }
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);

  jobject result = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->CreateWellKnownClassLoader(
      self,
      class_path,
      loader_class,
      parent_loader);

  {
    // Verify we build the correct chain.

    ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> actual_class_loader = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(result);
    // Verify that the result has the correct class.
    CHECK_EQ(soa.Decode<mirror::Class>(loader_class), actual_class_loader->GetClass());
    // Verify that the parent is not null. The boot class loader will be set up as a
    // proper object.
    ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> actual_parent(actual_class_loader->GetParent());
    CHECK(actual_parent != nullptr);

    if (parent_loader != nullptr) {
      // We were given a parent. Verify that it's what we expect.
      ObjPtr<mirror::ClassLoader> expected_parent = soa.Decode<mirror::ClassLoader>(parent_loader);
      CHECK_EQ(expected_parent, actual_parent);
    } else {
      // No parent given. The parent must be the BootClassLoader.
      CHECK(Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->IsBootClassLoader(soa, actual_parent));
    }
  }

  return result;
}

jobject CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadDexInPathClassLoader(const std::string& dex_name,
                                                        jobject parent_loader) {
  return LoadDexInWellKnownClassLoader(dex_name,
                                       WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_PathClassLoader,
                                       parent_loader);
}

jobject CommonRuntimeTestImpl::LoadDexInDelegateLastClassLoader(const std::string& dex_name,
                                                                jobject parent_loader) {
  return LoadDexInWellKnownClassLoader(dex_name,
                                       WellKnownClasses::dalvik_system_DelegateLastClassLoader,
                                       parent_loader);
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::GetCoreFileLocation(const char* suffix) {
  CHECK(suffix != nullptr);

  std::string location;
  if (IsHost()) {
    const char* host_dir = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
    CHECK(host_dir != nullptr);
    location = StringPrintf("%s/framework/core.%s", host_dir, suffix);
  } else {
    location = StringPrintf("/data/art-test/core.%s", suffix);
  }

  return location;
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::CreateClassPath(
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>>& dex_files) {
  CHECK(!dex_files.empty());
  std::string classpath = dex_files[0]->GetLocation();
  for (size_t i = 1; i < dex_files.size(); i++) {
    classpath += ":" + dex_files[i]->GetLocation();
  }
  return classpath;
}

std::string CommonRuntimeTestImpl::CreateClassPathWithChecksums(
    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<const DexFile>>& dex_files) {
  CHECK(!dex_files.empty());
  std::string classpath = dex_files[0]->GetLocation() + "*" +
      std::to_string(dex_files[0]->GetLocationChecksum());
  for (size_t i = 1; i < dex_files.size(); i++) {
    classpath += ":" + dex_files[i]->GetLocation() + "*" +
        std::to_string(dex_files[i]->GetLocationChecksum());
  }
  return classpath;
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::FillHeap(Thread* self,
                                     ClassLinker* class_linker,
                                     VariableSizedHandleScope* handle_scope) {
  DCHECK(handle_scope != nullptr);

  Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->SetIdealFootprint(1 * GB);

  // Class java.lang.Object.
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(handle_scope->NewHandle(
      class_linker->FindSystemClass(self, "Ljava/lang/Object;")));
  // Array helps to fill memory faster.
  Handle<mirror::Class> ca(handle_scope->NewHandle(
      class_linker->FindSystemClass(self, "[Ljava/lang/Object;")));

  // Start allocating with ~128K
  size_t length = 128 * KB;
  while (length > 40) {
    const int32_t array_length = length / 4;  // Object[] has elements of size 4.
    MutableHandle<mirror::Object> h(handle_scope->NewHandle<mirror::Object>(
        mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>::Alloc(self, ca.Get(), array_length)));
    if (self->IsExceptionPending() || h == nullptr) {
      self->ClearException();

      // Try a smaller length
      length = length / 2;
      // Use at most a quarter the reported free space.
      size_t mem = Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetFreeMemory();
      if (length * 4 > mem) {
        length = mem / 4;
      }
    }
  }

  // Allocate simple objects till it fails.
  while (!self->IsExceptionPending()) {
    handle_scope->NewHandle<mirror::Object>(c->AllocObject(self));
  }
  self->ClearException();
}

void CommonRuntimeTestImpl::SetUpRuntimeOptionsForFillHeap(RuntimeOptions *options) {
  // Use a smaller heap
  bool found = false;
  for (std::pair<std::string, const void*>& pair : *options) {
    if (pair.first.find("-Xmx") == 0) {
      pair.first = "-Xmx4M";  // Smallest we can go.
      found = true;
    }
  }
  if (!found) {
    options->emplace_back("-Xmx4M", nullptr);
  }
}

CheckJniAbortCatcher::CheckJniAbortCatcher() : vm_(Runtime::Current()->GetJavaVM()) {
  vm_->SetCheckJniAbortHook(Hook, &actual_);
}

CheckJniAbortCatcher::~CheckJniAbortCatcher() {
  vm_->SetCheckJniAbortHook(nullptr, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(actual_.empty()) << actual_;
}

void CheckJniAbortCatcher::Check(const std::string& expected_text) {
  Check(expected_text.c_str());
}

void CheckJniAbortCatcher::Check(const char* expected_text) {
  EXPECT_TRUE(actual_.find(expected_text) != std::string::npos) << "\n"
      << "Expected to find: " << expected_text << "\n"
      << "In the output   : " << actual_;
  actual_.clear();
}

void CheckJniAbortCatcher::Hook(void* data, const std::string& reason) {
  // We use += because when we're hooking the aborts like this, multiple problems can be found.
  *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(data) += reason;
}

}  // namespace art