runtime/gc/heap-inl.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_GC_HEAP_INL_H_
#define ART_RUNTIME_GC_HEAP_INL_H_

#include "heap.h"

#include "allocation_listener.h"
#include "base/quasi_atomic.h"
#include "base/time_utils.h"
#include "gc/accounting/atomic_stack.h"
#include "gc/accounting/card_table-inl.h"
#include "gc/allocation_record.h"
#include "gc/collector/semi_space.h"
#include "gc/space/bump_pointer_space-inl.h"
#include "gc/space/dlmalloc_space-inl.h"
#include "gc/space/large_object_space.h"
#include "gc/space/region_space-inl.h"
#include "gc/space/rosalloc_space-inl.h"
#include "handle_scope-inl.h"
#include "obj_ptr-inl.h"
#include "runtime.h"
#include "thread-inl.h"
#include "verify_object.h"
#include "write_barrier-inl.h"

namespace art {
namespace gc {

template <bool kInstrumented, bool kCheckLargeObject, typename PreFenceVisitor>
inline mirror::Object* Heap::AllocObjectWithAllocator(Thread* self,
                                                      ObjPtr<mirror::Class> klass,
                                                      size_t byte_count,
                                                      AllocatorType allocator,
                                                      const PreFenceVisitor& pre_fence_visitor) {
  if (kIsDebugBuild) {
    CheckPreconditionsForAllocObject(klass, byte_count);
    // Since allocation can cause a GC which will need to SuspendAll, make sure all allocations are
    // done in the runnable state where suspension is expected.
    CHECK_EQ(self->GetState(), kRunnable);
    self->AssertThreadSuspensionIsAllowable();
    self->AssertNoPendingException();
    // Make sure to preserve klass.
    StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
    HandleWrapperObjPtr<mirror::Class> h = hs.NewHandleWrapper(&klass);
    self->PoisonObjectPointers();
  }
  // Need to check that we aren't the large object allocator since the large object allocation code
  // path includes this function. If we didn't check we would have an infinite loop.
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj;
  if (kCheckLargeObject && UNLIKELY(ShouldAllocLargeObject(klass, byte_count))) {
    obj = AllocLargeObject<kInstrumented, PreFenceVisitor>(self, &klass, byte_count,
                                                           pre_fence_visitor);
    if (obj != nullptr) {
      return obj.Ptr();
    } else {
      // There should be an OOM exception, since we are retrying, clear it.
      self->ClearException();
    }
    // If the large object allocation failed, try to use the normal spaces (main space,
    // non moving space). This can happen if there is significant virtual address space
    // fragmentation.
  }
  // bytes allocated for the (individual) object.
  size_t bytes_allocated;
  size_t usable_size;
  size_t new_num_bytes_allocated = 0;
  if (IsTLABAllocator(allocator)) {
    byte_count = RoundUp(byte_count, space::BumpPointerSpace::kAlignment);
  }
  // If we have a thread local allocation we don't need to update bytes allocated.
  if (IsTLABAllocator(allocator) && byte_count <= self->TlabSize()) {
    obj = self->AllocTlab(byte_count);
    DCHECK(obj != nullptr) << "AllocTlab can't fail";
    obj->SetClass(klass);
    if (kUseBakerReadBarrier) {
      obj->AssertReadBarrierState();
    }
    bytes_allocated = byte_count;
    usable_size = bytes_allocated;
    pre_fence_visitor(obj, usable_size);
    QuasiAtomic::ThreadFenceForConstructor();
  } else if (
      !kInstrumented && allocator == kAllocatorTypeRosAlloc &&
      (obj = rosalloc_space_->AllocThreadLocal(self, byte_count, &bytes_allocated)) != nullptr &&
      LIKELY(obj != nullptr)) {
    DCHECK(!is_running_on_memory_tool_);
    obj->SetClass(klass);
    if (kUseBakerReadBarrier) {
      obj->AssertReadBarrierState();
    }
    usable_size = bytes_allocated;
    pre_fence_visitor(obj, usable_size);
    QuasiAtomic::ThreadFenceForConstructor();
  } else {
    // Bytes allocated that includes bulk thread-local buffer allocations in addition to direct
    // non-TLAB object allocations.
    size_t bytes_tl_bulk_allocated = 0u;
    obj = TryToAllocate<kInstrumented, false>(self, allocator, byte_count, &bytes_allocated,
                                              &usable_size, &bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
    if (UNLIKELY(obj == nullptr)) {
      // AllocateInternalWithGc can cause thread suspension, if someone instruments the entrypoints
      // or changes the allocator in a suspend point here, we need to retry the allocation.
      obj = AllocateInternalWithGc(self,
                                   allocator,
                                   kInstrumented,
                                   byte_count,
                                   &bytes_allocated,
                                   &usable_size,
                                   &bytes_tl_bulk_allocated, &klass);
      if (obj == nullptr) {
        // The only way that we can get a null return if there is no pending exception is if the
        // allocator or instrumentation changed.
        if (!self->IsExceptionPending()) {
          // AllocObject will pick up the new allocator type, and instrumented as true is the safe
          // default.
          return AllocObject</*kInstrumented=*/true>(self,
                                                     klass,
                                                     byte_count,
                                                     pre_fence_visitor);
        }
        return nullptr;
      }
    }
    DCHECK_GT(bytes_allocated, 0u);
    DCHECK_GT(usable_size, 0u);
    obj->SetClass(klass);
    if (kUseBakerReadBarrier) {
      obj->AssertReadBarrierState();
    }
    if (collector::SemiSpace::kUseRememberedSet && UNLIKELY(allocator == kAllocatorTypeNonMoving)) {
      // (Note this if statement will be constant folded away for the
      // fast-path quick entry points.) Because SetClass() has no write
      // barrier, if a non-moving space allocation, we need a write
      // barrier as the class pointer may point to the bump pointer
      // space (where the class pointer is an "old-to-young" reference,
      // though rare) under the GSS collector with the remembered set
      // enabled. We don't need this for kAllocatorTypeRosAlloc/DlMalloc
      // cases because we don't directly allocate into the main alloc
      // space (besides promotions) under the SS/GSS collector.
      WriteBarrier::ForFieldWrite(obj, mirror::Object::ClassOffset(), klass);
    }
    pre_fence_visitor(obj, usable_size);
    QuasiAtomic::ThreadFenceForConstructor();
    if (bytes_tl_bulk_allocated > 0) {
      size_t num_bytes_allocated_before =
          num_bytes_allocated_.fetch_add(bytes_tl_bulk_allocated, std::memory_order_relaxed);
      new_num_bytes_allocated = num_bytes_allocated_before + bytes_tl_bulk_allocated;
      // Only trace when we get an increase in the number of bytes allocated. This happens when
      // obtaining a new TLAB and isn't often enough to hurt performance according to golem.
      TraceHeapSize(new_num_bytes_allocated);
    }
  }
  if (kIsDebugBuild && Runtime::Current()->IsStarted()) {
    CHECK_LE(obj->SizeOf(), usable_size);
  }
  // TODO: Deprecate.
  if (kInstrumented) {
    if (Runtime::Current()->HasStatsEnabled()) {
      RuntimeStats* thread_stats = self->GetStats();
      ++thread_stats->allocated_objects;
      thread_stats->allocated_bytes += bytes_allocated;
      RuntimeStats* global_stats = Runtime::Current()->GetStats();
      ++global_stats->allocated_objects;
      global_stats->allocated_bytes += bytes_allocated;
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(!Runtime::Current()->HasStatsEnabled());
  }
  if (kInstrumented) {
    if (IsAllocTrackingEnabled()) {
      // allocation_records_ is not null since it never becomes null after allocation tracking is
      // enabled.
      DCHECK(allocation_records_ != nullptr);
      allocation_records_->RecordAllocation(self, &obj, bytes_allocated);
    }
    AllocationListener* l = alloc_listener_.load(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
    if (l != nullptr) {
      // Same as above. We assume that a listener that was once stored will never be deleted.
      // Otherwise we'd have to perform this under a lock.
      l->ObjectAllocated(self, &obj, bytes_allocated);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(!IsAllocTrackingEnabled());
  }
  if (AllocatorHasAllocationStack(allocator)) {
    PushOnAllocationStack(self, &obj);
  }
  if (kInstrumented) {
    if (gc_stress_mode_) {
      CheckGcStressMode(self, &obj);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(!gc_stress_mode_);
  }
  // IsGcConcurrent() isn't known at compile time so we can optimize by not checking it for
  // the BumpPointer or TLAB allocators. This is nice since it allows the entire if statement to be
  // optimized out. And for the other allocators, AllocatorMayHaveConcurrentGC is a constant since
  // the allocator_type should be constant propagated.
  if (AllocatorMayHaveConcurrentGC(allocator) && IsGcConcurrent()) {
    // New_num_bytes_allocated is zero if we didn't update num_bytes_allocated_.
    // That's fine.
    CheckConcurrentGCForJava(self, new_num_bytes_allocated, &obj);
  }
  VerifyObject(obj);
  self->VerifyStack();
  return obj.Ptr();
}

// The size of a thread-local allocation stack in the number of references.
static constexpr size_t kThreadLocalAllocationStackSize = 128;

inline void Heap::PushOnAllocationStack(Thread* self, ObjPtr<mirror::Object>* obj) {
  if (kUseThreadLocalAllocationStack) {
    if (UNLIKELY(!self->PushOnThreadLocalAllocationStack(obj->Ptr()))) {
      PushOnThreadLocalAllocationStackWithInternalGC(self, obj);
    }
  } else if (UNLIKELY(!allocation_stack_->AtomicPushBack(obj->Ptr()))) {
    PushOnAllocationStackWithInternalGC(self, obj);
  }
}

template <bool kInstrumented, typename PreFenceVisitor>
inline mirror::Object* Heap::AllocLargeObject(Thread* self,
                                              ObjPtr<mirror::Class>* klass,
                                              size_t byte_count,
                                              const PreFenceVisitor& pre_fence_visitor) {
  // Save and restore the class in case it moves.
  StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
  auto klass_wrapper = hs.NewHandleWrapper(klass);
  return AllocObjectWithAllocator<kInstrumented, false, PreFenceVisitor>(self, *klass, byte_count,
                                                                         kAllocatorTypeLOS,
                                                                         pre_fence_visitor);
}

template <const bool kInstrumented, const bool kGrow>
inline mirror::Object* Heap::TryToAllocate(Thread* self,
                                           AllocatorType allocator_type,
                                           size_t alloc_size,
                                           size_t* bytes_allocated,
                                           size_t* usable_size,
                                           size_t* bytes_tl_bulk_allocated) {
  if (allocator_type != kAllocatorTypeRegionTLAB &&
      allocator_type != kAllocatorTypeTLAB &&
      allocator_type != kAllocatorTypeRosAlloc &&
      UNLIKELY(IsOutOfMemoryOnAllocation(allocator_type, alloc_size, kGrow))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  mirror::Object* ret;
  switch (allocator_type) {
    case kAllocatorTypeBumpPointer: {
      DCHECK(bump_pointer_space_ != nullptr);
      alloc_size = RoundUp(alloc_size, space::BumpPointerSpace::kAlignment);
      ret = bump_pointer_space_->AllocNonvirtual(alloc_size);
      if (LIKELY(ret != nullptr)) {
        *bytes_allocated = alloc_size;
        *usable_size = alloc_size;
        *bytes_tl_bulk_allocated = alloc_size;
      }
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeRosAlloc: {
      if (kInstrumented && UNLIKELY(is_running_on_memory_tool_)) {
        // If running on ASan, we should be using the instrumented path.
        size_t max_bytes_tl_bulk_allocated = rosalloc_space_->MaxBytesBulkAllocatedFor(alloc_size);
        if (UNLIKELY(IsOutOfMemoryOnAllocation(allocator_type,
                                               max_bytes_tl_bulk_allocated,
                                               kGrow))) {
          return nullptr;
        }
        ret = rosalloc_space_->Alloc(self, alloc_size, bytes_allocated, usable_size,
                                     bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      } else {
        DCHECK(!is_running_on_memory_tool_);
        size_t max_bytes_tl_bulk_allocated =
            rosalloc_space_->MaxBytesBulkAllocatedForNonvirtual(alloc_size);
        if (UNLIKELY(IsOutOfMemoryOnAllocation(allocator_type,
                                               max_bytes_tl_bulk_allocated,
                                               kGrow))) {
          return nullptr;
        }
        if (!kInstrumented) {
          DCHECK(!rosalloc_space_->CanAllocThreadLocal(self, alloc_size));
        }
        ret = rosalloc_space_->AllocNonvirtual(self,
                                               alloc_size,
                                               bytes_allocated,
                                               usable_size,
                                               bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      }
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeDlMalloc: {
      if (kInstrumented && UNLIKELY(is_running_on_memory_tool_)) {
        // If running on ASan, we should be using the instrumented path.
        ret = dlmalloc_space_->Alloc(self,
                                     alloc_size,
                                     bytes_allocated,
                                     usable_size,
                                     bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      } else {
        DCHECK(!is_running_on_memory_tool_);
        ret = dlmalloc_space_->AllocNonvirtual(self,
                                               alloc_size,
                                               bytes_allocated,
                                               usable_size,
                                               bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      }
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeNonMoving: {
      ret = non_moving_space_->Alloc(self,
                                     alloc_size,
                                     bytes_allocated,
                                     usable_size,
                                     bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeLOS: {
      ret = large_object_space_->Alloc(self,
                                       alloc_size,
                                       bytes_allocated,
                                       usable_size,
                                       bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      // Note that the bump pointer spaces aren't necessarily next to
      // the other continuous spaces like the non-moving alloc space or
      // the zygote space.
      DCHECK(ret == nullptr || large_object_space_->Contains(ret));
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeRegion: {
      DCHECK(region_space_ != nullptr);
      alloc_size = RoundUp(alloc_size, space::RegionSpace::kAlignment);
      ret = region_space_->AllocNonvirtual<false>(alloc_size,
                                                  bytes_allocated,
                                                  usable_size,
                                                  bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      break;
    }
    case kAllocatorTypeTLAB:
      FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
    case kAllocatorTypeRegionTLAB: {
      DCHECK_ALIGNED(alloc_size, kObjectAlignment);
      static_assert(space::RegionSpace::kAlignment == space::BumpPointerSpace::kAlignment,
                    "mismatched alignments");
      static_assert(kObjectAlignment == space::BumpPointerSpace::kAlignment,
                    "mismatched alignments");
      if (UNLIKELY(self->TlabSize() < alloc_size)) {
        // kAllocatorTypeTLAB may be the allocator for region space TLAB if the GC is not marking,
        // that is why the allocator is not passed down.
        return AllocWithNewTLAB(self,
                                alloc_size,
                                kGrow,
                                bytes_allocated,
                                usable_size,
                                bytes_tl_bulk_allocated);
      }
      // The allocation can't fail.
      ret = self->AllocTlab(alloc_size);
      DCHECK(ret != nullptr);
      *bytes_allocated = alloc_size;
      *bytes_tl_bulk_allocated = 0;  // Allocated in an existing buffer.
      *usable_size = alloc_size;
      break;
    }
    default: {
      LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid allocator type";
      ret = nullptr;
    }
  }
  return ret;
}

inline bool Heap::ShouldAllocLargeObject(ObjPtr<mirror::Class> c, size_t byte_count) const {
  // We need to have a zygote space or else our newly allocated large object can end up in the
  // Zygote resulting in it being prematurely freed.
  // We can only do this for primitive objects since large objects will not be within the card table
  // range. This also means that we rely on SetClass not dirtying the object's card.
  return byte_count >= large_object_threshold_ && (c->IsPrimitiveArray() || c->IsStringClass());
}

inline bool Heap::IsOutOfMemoryOnAllocation(AllocatorType allocator_type,
                                            size_t alloc_size,
                                            bool grow) {
  size_t old_target = target_footprint_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
  while (true) {
    size_t old_allocated = num_bytes_allocated_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    size_t new_footprint = old_allocated + alloc_size;
    // Tests against heap limits are inherently approximate, since multiple allocations may
    // race, and this is not atomic with the allocation.
    if (UNLIKELY(new_footprint <= old_target)) {
      return false;
    } else if (UNLIKELY(new_footprint > growth_limit_)) {
      return true;
    }
    // We are between target_footprint_ and growth_limit_ .
    if (AllocatorMayHaveConcurrentGC(allocator_type) && IsGcConcurrent()) {
      return false;
    } else {
      if (grow) {
        if (target_footprint_.compare_exchange_weak(/*inout ref*/old_target, new_footprint,
                                                    std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
          VlogHeapGrowth(old_target, new_footprint, alloc_size);
          return false;
        }  // else try again.
      } else {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
}

inline bool Heap::ShouldConcurrentGCForJava(size_t new_num_bytes_allocated) {
  // For a Java allocation, we only check whether the number of Java allocated bytes excceeds a
  // threshold. By not considering native allocation here, we (a) ensure that Java heap bounds are
  // maintained, and (b) reduce the cost of the check here.
  return new_num_bytes_allocated >= concurrent_start_bytes_;
}

inline void Heap::CheckConcurrentGCForJava(Thread* self,
                                    size_t new_num_bytes_allocated,
                                    ObjPtr<mirror::Object>* obj) {
  if (UNLIKELY(ShouldConcurrentGCForJava(new_num_bytes_allocated))) {
    RequestConcurrentGCAndSaveObject(self, false /* force_full */, obj);
  }
}

}  // namespace gc
}  // namespace art

#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_GC_HEAP_INL_H_