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2# @(#)antarctica 8.7
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
7# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
8# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
9# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
10# </a>
11# and
12# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
13# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
14# </a>
15# for information.
16# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
17#
18# Except for the French entries,
19# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
20# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
21
22# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
23# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
24Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
25Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
26Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
27Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
28Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
29Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
30Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
31Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
32Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
33
34# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
37Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
38Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
39Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
40Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
41Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
42Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
43Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
44Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
45Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
46Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
47Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
48Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
49Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
50Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
51Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
52Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
53Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
54Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
55Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
56Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
57Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
58Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
59
60
61# Argentina - year-round bases
62# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
63# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
64# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
65# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
66# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
67# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
68# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
69
70# Australia - territories
71# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
72# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
73# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
74# Margaret Turner reports
75# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
76# presumably this is when they have visitors.
77#
78# year-round bases
79# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
80# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
81# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
82# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
83
84# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
85# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
86# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
87# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
88# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
89# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
90#
91# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
92# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
93# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
94# </a>
95#
96# We have more background information here:
97# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
98# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
99# </a>
100
101# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
102Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
103 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
104 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
105 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time
106Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
107 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
108 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
109 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
110 5:00 - DAVT
111Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
112 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
113 # Mawson Time
114 5:00 - MAWT
115# References:
116# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
117# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
118# </a>
119# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
120# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
121# </a>
122# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
123# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
124# </a>
125
126# Brazil - year-round base
127# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
128
129# Chile - year-round bases and towns
130# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
131# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
132# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
133# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
134# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
135# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
136
137# China - year-round bases
138# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
139# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
140
141# France - year-round bases
142#
143# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
144# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
145# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
146# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
147# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
148# from Tasmania.
149#
150# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
151#
152# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
153# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
154# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
155# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
156#
157# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
158# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
159#
160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
161Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
162 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
163#
164# year-round base in the main continent
165# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
166#
167# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
168# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
169#
170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
171Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
172 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
173 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
174 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
175# Reference:
176# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
177# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
178# </a>
179
180# Germany - year-round base
181# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
182
183# India - year-round base
184# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
185
186# Japan - year-round bases
187# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
188# Syowa, -690022+0393524
189#
190# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
191# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
192#
193# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
194# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
195# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
197Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
198 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
199# See:
200# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
201# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
202# </a>
203
204# S Korea - year-round base
205# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
206
207# New Zealand - claims
208# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
209# Scott Island (never inhabited)
210#
211# year-round base
212# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
213#
214# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
215# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
216Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
217Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
218Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
219Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
220Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
221Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
222Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
223Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
224Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
225
226# Norway - territories
227# Bouvet (never inhabited)
228#
229# claims
230# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
231
232# Poland - year-round base
233# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
234
235# Russia - year-round bases
236# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
237# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
238# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
239# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
240# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
241# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
242
243# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
244# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
245# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
246# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
247# time as Moscow, Russia.
248#
249# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
250# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
251# what they had to say about time there:
252# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
253# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
254# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
255# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
256# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
257#
258# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
259# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
260# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
261# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
262# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
263# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
264# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
265# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
266#
267Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
268 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
269
270# S Africa - year-round bases
271# Marion Island, -4653+03752
272# Sanae, -7141-00250
273
274# UK
275#
276# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
277# South Orkney Islands
278# scientific station from 1903
279# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
280# South Shetland Islands
281#
282# year-round bases
283# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
284# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
285# scientific station 1943/1967,
286# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
287# and a garrison was deployed briefly
288# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
289# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
290# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
291# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
292#
293# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
294# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
295#
296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
297Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
298 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
299
300# Uruguay - year round base
301# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
302
303# USA - year-round bases
304#
305# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
306#
307# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
308# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
309# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
310# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
311# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
312# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
313#
314# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
315Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
316 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
317 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
318 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
319#
320#
321# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
324 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
325#
326# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
327#
328# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
329# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
330# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
331#
332# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
333# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
334# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
335# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
336# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
337# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
338# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
339#
340# From Susan Smith
341# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
342# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
343# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
344# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
345# One last quirk about South Pole time.
346# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
347# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
348# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
349# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
350# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
351#
352Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole