| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.1 since |
| the release of bash-4.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be |
| delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. |
| |
| b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file |
| system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. |
| |
| c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid |
| shell variable names through into the environment passed to child |
| processes. |
| |
| d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and |
| reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command |
| executes. |
| |
| e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. |
| |
| f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" |
| completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. |
| |
| g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: |
| a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been |
| defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is |
| attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions |
| as completion is attempted by having the default completion function |
| install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. |
| |
| h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. |
| |
| i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended |
| after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries |
| are presented first. |
| |
| j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the |
| ERR trap. |
| |
| k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting |
| to parse commands. |
| |
| l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to |
| forward all history entries to syslog. |
| |
| m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to |
| child processes. |
| |
| n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be |
| enabled by default. |
| |
| o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace |
| output to that file descriptor. |
| |
| p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the |
| shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file |
| descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. |
| |
| q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string |
| comparison according to the current locale if the compatibility level |
| is greater than 40. |
| |
| r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' |
| when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. |
| |
| s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to |
| the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. |
| |
| t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is |
| received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. |
| |
| u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS |
| characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. |
| |
| v. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via |
| callbacks in the history list. |
| |
| w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward. |
| |
| b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default, |
| and C-p to menu-complete-backward. |
| |
| c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even |
| when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how |
| historical vi behaves. |
| |
| d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to |
| consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having |
| to bind all keys. |
| |
| e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used |
| to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are |
| compared to the word to be completed. |
| |
| f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the |
| middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion |
| that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather |
| than inserted into the line. |
| |
| g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as |
| "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. |
| |
| h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the |
| tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding |
| to keyboard-generated signals. |
| |
| i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline |
| sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key |
| that enables eight-bit characters. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.0 since |
| the release of bash-3.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting |
| index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. |
| |
| b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically |
| rather than horizontally. |
| |
| c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of |
| the current shell. |
| |
| d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt |
| to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a |
| simple command. |
| |
| e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and |
| report any running or stopped jobs at exit. |
| |
| f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to |
| a character describing the type of completion being attempted. |
| |
| g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to |
| the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). |
| |
| h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash |
| will try again several times before reporting failure. |
| |
| i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as |
| readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. |
| |
| j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in |
| Posix mode, as Posix specifies. |
| |
| k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received |
| in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also |
| results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty |
| string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, |
| it returns an exit status greater than 128. |
| |
| l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by |
| new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently |
| restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs |
| of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. |
| |
| m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number |
| of threads) options. |
| |
| n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes |
| (or function values and attributes if used with -f). |
| |
| o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify |
| completion options for existing completions or the completion currently |
| being executed. |
| |
| p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply |
| buffer when using readline. |
| |
| q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default |
| behavior for completion on an empty line. |
| |
| r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing |
| globbing characters. |
| |
| s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly |
| follow man page format. |
| |
| t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, |
| and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. |
| |
| u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a |
| given file. The name `readarray' is a synonym. |
| |
| v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function |
| named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the |
| function arguments. |
| |
| w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code |
| treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within |
| them, when appropriate) recursively. |
| |
| x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename |
| completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during |
| completion. |
| |
| y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout |
| values. |
| |
| z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and |
| will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the |
| same number of digits. |
| |
| aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. |
| It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. |
| |
| bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new |
| variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER |
| and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line |
| and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, |
| respectively. |
| |
| cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output |
| and standard error to the named file. |
| |
| dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects |
| the standard error for a command through a pipe. |
| |
| ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to |
| continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the |
| statement rather than terminating the command. |
| |
| ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to |
| test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current |
| action, rather than terminating the command. |
| |
| gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an |
| integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will |
| retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace |
| the intervening characters with `...'. |
| |
| hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and |
| lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or |
| array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern |
| that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- |
| configured feature to include capitalization operators. |
| |
| ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate |
| support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. |
| |
| jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon |
| assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. |
| There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at |
| assignment. |
| |
| kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an |
| asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. |
| Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the |
| PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables |
| with coproc-specific names. |
| |
| ll. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is |
| input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. |
| |
| mm. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged |
| mode. |
| |
| nn. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, |
| which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters |
| and honor shell quoting. |
| |
| oo. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word |
| which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries |
| as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit |
| match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if |
| applications do this). |
| |
| b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover |
| the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. |
| |
| c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and |
| available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections |
| (like redisplay). |
| |
| d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and |
| available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state |
| flag values. |
| |
| e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum |
| number of entries in the history list. |
| |
| f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements |
| over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions |
| browsing' mode. |
| |
| g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function |
| variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion |
| generators. |
| |
| h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when |
| displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the |
| `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix |
| longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. |
| |
| i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will |
| undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is |
| executed. |
| |
| j. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters |
| corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since |
| the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the |
| pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that |
| combination doesn't make any sense. |
| |
| b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit |
| process substitution. |
| |
| c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. |
| |
| d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. |
| |
| e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now |
| checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. |
| |
| f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces |
| string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing |
| poll-like behavior. |
| |
| b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as |
| the default last-ditch startup file. |
| |
| c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line |
| terminators. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since |
| the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display |
| tracks the current locale. |
| |
| b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created |
| as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. |
| |
| c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't |
| try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. |
| |
| d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. |
| |
| e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde |
| expansion. |
| |
| f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. |
| |
| g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), |
| -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). |
| |
| h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job |
| specifier. |
| |
| i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is |
| now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands |
| that accept assignment statements. |
| |
| j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. |
| |
| k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running |
| in an emacs terminal window. |
| |
| l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text |
| to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. |
| |
| m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters |
| to be emptied when the variable is unset. |
| |
| n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional |
| parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word |
| splitting. |
| |
| o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. |
| |
| p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores |
| case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. |
| |
| q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output |
| to be placed into var instead of on stdout. |
| |
| r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. |
| |
| s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it |
| creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the |
| shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. |
| |
| t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will |
| build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. |
| |
| u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now |
| override the true terminal size. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically |
| bound to delete-char. |
| |
| b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the |
| completion list. |
| |
| c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, |
| readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline |
| equivalents when it's called (on by default). |
| |
| d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible |
| reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound |
| to this in vi command mode. |
| |
| e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES |
| and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of |
| what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since |
| the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. |
| |
| b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. |
| |
| c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's |
| idea of word break characters. |
| |
| d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion |
| will actually be performed. |
| |
| e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits |
| more extensibility and backwards compatibility. |
| |
| f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines |
| matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. |
| |
| g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte |
| character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. |
| |
| h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, |
| BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, |
| BASH_COMMAND |
| |
| i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array |
| variable. |
| |
| j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information |
| for the debugger. |
| |
| k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script |
| returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution |
| if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). |
| |
| l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new |
| `extdebug' shell option. |
| |
| m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR |
| traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to |
| `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls |
| whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. |
| |
| n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action |
| list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the |
| query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' |
| command. |
| |
| o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger |
| support code. |
| |
| p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information |
| if the `extdebug' option is set. |
| |
| q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes |
| the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a |
| function or sourced script forces a `return'. |
| |
| r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. |
| |
| s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is |
| executed, for the debugger. |
| |
| t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is |
| enabled. |
| |
| u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, |
| x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence |
| may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. |
| |
| v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) |
| of array. |
| |
| w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by |
| FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even |
| if they're the only possibilities. |
| |
| x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu |
| style' (filename:lineno:message) format. |
| |
| y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the |
| whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't |
| result in a match. |
| |
| z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory |
| name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the |
| possible completions. |
| |
| aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without |
| job control. |
| |
| bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to |
| strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out |
| timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying |
| history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out |
| timestamp information when the history file is written. |
| |
| cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs |
| extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. |
| |
| dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) |
| to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. |
| |
| ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new |
| BASH_REMATCH array variable. |
| |
| ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname |
| expansion fails to produce a match. |
| |
| gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure |
| status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last |
| one. |
| |
| hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. |
| |
| ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. |
| |
| jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's |
| messages can be translated into different languages. |
| |
| kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. |
| |
| ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied |
| as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify |
| the error as coming from bash. |
| |
| mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much |
| faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters. |
| |
| nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation |
| even if job control is not enabled. |
| |
| oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument |
| to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is |
| now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier |
| for compatibility with the BSD csh. |
| |
| b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' |
| modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. |
| |
| c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of |
| replacing the current line with the history line. |
| |
| d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with |
| `.'. |
| |
| e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline |
| completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more |
| than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. |
| |
| f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. |
| |
| g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file |
| functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated |
| with each entry. |
| |
| h. Four new key binding functions have been added: |
| |
| rl_bind_key_if_unbound() |
| rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() |
| rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() |
| rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() |
| |
| i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any |
| quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion |
| function. |
| |
| j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an |
| application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not |
| attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. |
| |
| k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero |
| value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. |
| Set before readline calls any application completion function. |
| |
| l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline |
| needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows |
| the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. |
| |
| m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as |
| unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. |
| |
| n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the |
| `mark-directories' option has been enabled. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since |
| the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. |
| |
| b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and |
| `-P' forces a $PATH search. |
| |
| c. New code to handle multibyte characters. |
| |
| d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is |
| reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. |
| The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. |
| |
| e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be |
| appended to names which are symlinks to directories. |
| |
| f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, |
| like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. |
| |
| g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. |
| |
| h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. |
| |
| i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts |
| the result into the expanded prompt. |
| |
| j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the |
| machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. |
| |
| k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion |
| functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. |
| |
| l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed |
| with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. |
| |
| m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses |
| readline's appending a space to the completed word. |
| |
| n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. |
| |
| o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown |
| separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use |
| the old output would result in syntax errors). |
| |
| p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls |
| bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at |
| allocation and free time. |
| |
| q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' |
| option to complete on names from /etc/services. |
| |
| r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. |
| |
| s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name |
| don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. |
| |
| t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more |
| intuitively. |
| |
| u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the |
| argument if it contains non-printing characters. |
| |
| v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied |
| to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named |
| function. Currently has no effect on variables. |
| |
| w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, |
| [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. |
| |
| x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the |
| function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a |
| script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as |
| POSIX-2001 requires. |
| |
| y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the |
| new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, |
| and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code |
| from Gary Vaughan. |
| |
| z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup |
| and close). |
| |
| aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. |
| |
| bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable |
| format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. |
| |
| cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files |
| installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned |
| on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. |
| |
| dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except |
| `echo'. |
| |
| ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following |
| the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ |
| POSIX.1-2001 compliance. |
| |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both |
| be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi |
| insert mode. |
| |
| b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than |
| the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. |
| This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). |
| |
| c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. |
| |
| d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to |
| append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has |
| been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' |
| variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). |
| |
| e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric |
| argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a |
| comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text |
| |
| f. New application-settable completion variable: |
| rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion |
| function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending |
| slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. |
| |
| g. New function available to application completion functions: |
| rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked |
| and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list |
| completions, etc.). |
| |
| h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' |
| bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. |
| |
| i. New application-settable completion variable: |
| rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of |
| rl_completion_append_character to completed words. |
| |
| j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks |
| the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search |
| string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, |
| DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since |
| the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a |
| `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. |
| |
| b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX |
| drafts. |
| |
| c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from |
| ISO C99). |
| |
| d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications |
| (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). |
| |
| e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, |
| but ignored. |
| |
| f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the |
| shell is a login shell. |
| |
| g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. |
| |
| h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name |
| completion. |
| |
| i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. |
| |
| j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. |
| |
| k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional |
| `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed |
| to PATH. |
| |
| l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run |
| whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. |
| It is not inherited by shell functions. |
| |
| m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been |
| given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and |
| a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX |
| drafts require. |
| |
| n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. |
| |
| o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. |
| |
| p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX |
| drafts require. |
| |
| q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', |
| meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft |
| limit, in addition to `unlimited' |
| |
| r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular |
| resource when printing more than one limit. |
| |
| s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is |
| one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. |
| |
| t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're |
| implemented by printf(3). |
| |
| u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). |
| |
| v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The |
| corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the |
| value is assigned. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a |
| public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). |
| |
| b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, |
| RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. |
| |
| c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. |
| |
| d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls |
| completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. |
| |
| e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a |
| `:first-' modifier, like csh. |
| |
| f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history |
| code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history |
| line retrived with previous-history or next-history. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since |
| the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', |
| per the new GNU coding standards. |
| |
| b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as |
| port numbers. |
| |
| c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some |
| of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: |
| |
| default - perform bash default completion if programmable |
| completion produces no matches |
| dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable |
| completion produces no matches |
| filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, |
| so it can do things like append slashes to |
| directory names and suppress trailing spaces |
| |
| d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks |
| in pathname arguments. |
| |
| e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a |
| way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and |
| `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX |
| mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. |
| |
| f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing |
| ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]). |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, |
| via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function. |
| |
| b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means |
| it's now part of the public interface. |
| |
| c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that |
| encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by |
| callbacks and hook functions. |
| |
| d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): |
| expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. |
| |
| e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): |
| public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen |
| dimensions. |
| |
| f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns |
| readline's idea of the screen dimensions. |
| |
| g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) |
| is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). |
| |
| h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old |
| variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. |
| |
| i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is |
| now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default |
| value is as before. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since |
| the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry |
| at position `offset'. |
| |
| b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of |
| active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. |
| |
| c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell |
| commands. |
| |
| d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when |
| enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. |
| |
| e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage |
| synopsis. |
| |
| f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable |
| post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), |
| expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). |
| |
| g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: |
| for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done |
| |
| h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: |
| -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input |
| -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line |
| -d delim read until delim rather than newline |
| -s don't echo input chars as they are read |
| |
| i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: |
| /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or |
| not they are present in the file system. |
| |
| j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form |
| /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket |
| of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. |
| |
| k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all |
| shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented. |
| |
| l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of |
| a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. |
| |
| m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently |
| discarded. This means it can be unset. |
| |
| n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: |
| complete and compgen. |
| |
| o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the |
| programmable completion features (enabled by default). |
| |
| p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable |
| completion at runtime. |
| |
| q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. |
| |
| r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old |
| `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility). |
| |
| s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell. |
| |
| t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options. |
| |
| u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of |
| `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. |
| |
| v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the |
| startup files, even if they are not interactive. |
| |
| w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the |
| LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' |
| displays floating-point numbers. |
| |
| 2. New features in Readline |
| |
| a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled |
| or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is |
| changed. |
| |
| b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. |
| |
| c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. |
| |
| d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the |
| line when the string to search for is empty, like |
| {reverse,forward}-search-history. |
| |
| e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found |
| in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. |
| |
| f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used |
| when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). |
| |
| g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application |
| that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to |
| a non-zero value. |
| |
| h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an |
| application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' |
| readline library or some substitute. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since |
| the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the |
| shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. |
| |
| b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in |
| array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). |
| |
| c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. |
| |
| d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. |
| |
| e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with |
| the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login |
| shell startup files. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. Many changes to the signal handling: |
| o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; |
| o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers |
| to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own |
| signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, |
| SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; |
| o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application |
| writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its |
| own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling |
| applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; |
| o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal |
| handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current |
| line after receiving a signal; |
| o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the |
| display and terminal state after receiving a signal; |
| o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the |
| terminal and display state after an application signal handler |
| returns and readline continues |
| |
| b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of |
| the screen size after a SIGWINCH. |
| |
| c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were |
| previously private functions with a `_' prefix. |
| |
| d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts |
| reading input, after initialization. |
| |
| e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would |
| display the list of completion matches. The new function |
| rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available |
| for use by application functions called via this hook. |
| |
| f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. |
| |
| g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using |
| readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the |
| only thing typed was a newline. |
| |
| h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. |
| |
| i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since |
| the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many |
| changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, |
| and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. |
| |
| b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many |
| changes and range checking included by default. |
| |
| c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic |
| Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating |
| symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern |
| matching. |
| |
| d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been |
| implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. |
| |
| e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements |
| extended `test' functionality. |
| |
| f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 |
| specification. |
| |
| g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands |
| to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed |
| (equivalent to $(cat filename)). |
| |
| h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the |
| directory stack. |
| |
| i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. |
| |
| j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: |
| `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and |
| `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. |
| |
| k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which |
| controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by |
| default. |
| |
| l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which |
| controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. |
| It is enabled by default. |
| |
| m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, |
| will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- |
| specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is |
| interactive. |
| |
| n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump |
| a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. |
| |
| o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive |
| pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. |
| |
| p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes |
| the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell |
| exits. |
| |
| q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an |
| argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a |
| specified keymap. |
| |
| r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs |
| and running jobs, respectively. |
| |
| s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable |
| format. |
| |
| t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument |
| has been modified since it was last accessed. |
| |
| u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. |
| |
| v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' |
| translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN |
| in hexadecimal. |
| |
| w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. |
| |
| x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on |
| a Unix machine. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user |
| can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history |
| lines. |
| |
| b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion |
| matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up |
| and down the screen (like `ls'). |
| |
| c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion |
| and matching to be performed case-insensitively. |
| |
| d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history |
| expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to |
| be inserted into the result. |
| |
| e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like |
| menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single |
| completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). |
| |
| f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 |
| systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing |
| buffer. |
| |
| g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash |
| escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences |
| may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. |
| |
| h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since |
| the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the |
| place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which |
| the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a |
| numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the |
| argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple |
| instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since |
| the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is |
| the place to look for complete descriptions. |
| |
| 1. New Features in Bash |
| |
| a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings |
| in a script. |
| |
| b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. |
| |
| c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose |
| |
| d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. |
| |
| e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. |
| |
| f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding |
| standards specify. |
| |
| g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the |
| startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named |
| by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked |
| as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. |
| |
| h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin |
| commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT |
| variable as a format string describing how to print the timing |
| statistics. |
| |
| i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the |
| result single-quoted. |
| |
| j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... |
| and leaves the result double-quoted. |
| |
| k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. |
| |
| l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, |
| MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. |
| |
| m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's |
| `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). |
| |
| n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, |
| command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, |
| nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and |
| cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' |
| builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. |
| |
| o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, |
| LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. |
| |
| p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, |
| with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate |
| builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array |
| index may be an arithmetic expression. |
| |
| q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. |
| |
| r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. |
| |
| s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. |
| |
| t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in |
| favor of $((...)). |
| |
| u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option |
| (shopt expand_aliases). |
| |
| v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with |
| set -o history and set -H. |
| |
| w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. |
| |
| x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children |
| if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. |
| |
| y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. |
| |
| z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell |
| option (shopt promptvars). |
| |
| aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. |
| |
| bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after |
| being written. |
| |
| cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) |
| has been implemented. |
| |
| dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except |
| as documented (echo, etc.). |
| |
| ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where |
| appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). |
| |
| ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. |
| |
| gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: |
| o has new options: -psPSVr. |
| o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' |
| o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' |
| |
| hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. |
| |
| ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. |
| |
| jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name |
| by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). |
| |
| kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. |
| |
| ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. |
| |
| mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table |
| or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a |
| SIGHUP. |
| |
| nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. |
| |
| oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared |
| objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number |
| of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also |
| new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. |
| |
| pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. |
| |
| qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. |
| |
| rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. |
| |
| ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. |
| |
| tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. |
| |
| uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. |
| |
| vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. |
| |
| ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. |
| |
| xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. |
| |
| yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: |
| o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history |
| o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash |
| o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall |
| o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input |
| |
| zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously |
| done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. |
| |
| aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, |
| and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. |
| |
| bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. |
| |
| ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. |
| |
| ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. |
| |
| eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. |
| |
| fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. |
| |
| ggg. Security improvements: |
| o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid |
| or with -p |
| o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p |
| |
| hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was |
| expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual |
| are included. |
| |
| iii. Changes to Posix mode: |
| o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. |
| o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to |
| exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. |
| o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, |
| the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain |
| any symbolic links. |
| o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error |
| occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. |
| o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a |
| `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement |
| is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. |
| o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and |
| stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. |
| o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in |
| the shell's environment when the builtin completes. |
| |
| Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When |
| invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. |
| |
| jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". |
| |
| kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. |
| This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. |
| |
| lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. |
| |
| mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the |
| soft limit by default. |
| |
| 2. New Features in Readline |
| |
| a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), |
| mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, |
| comment-begin. |
| |
| b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, |
| copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, |
| character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, |
| glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. |
| |
| c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), |
| insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). |
| |
| d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were |
| modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at |
| the start of the line. |
| |
| e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. |
| |
| 3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation |
| |
| a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. |
| |
| b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. |
| |
| c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can |
| be reused as input. |
| |
| d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell |
| startup file (disabled by default). |
| |
| e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce |
| conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. |
| |
| f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), |
| with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. |
| |
| g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the |
| `short doc' used by the help builtin. |
| |
| h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors |
| user-supplied quotes. |
| |
| i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. |
| |
| j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if |
| it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current |
| locale and gettext. |
| |
| k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not |
| interactive. |
| |
| l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and |
| makes fewer system calls. |
| |
| 4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation |
| |
| a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. |
| |
| b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal |
| preparation functions. |
| |
| c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or |
| removed. |
| |
| d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems |
| with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters |
| appear in the prompt string. |
| |
| e. There are new library functions and variables available to application |
| writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. |
| |
| f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the |
| incremental search functions. |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, |
| are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright |
| notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, |
| without any warranty. |