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review.blissroms.org / platform_vendor_bliss / 6a3782824fce91b79d5f6441b9901d545a538a08 / . / build / tasks / kernel.mk
blob: d4a6ab85aea0536239fbd90c97e3b390018b5ab8 [file] [log] [blame]
Michael Bestas3952f6c2016-08-26 01:12:08 +0300[diff] [blame]1# Copyright (C) 2012 The CyanogenMod Project
2#
3# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5# You may obtain a copy of the License at
6#
7# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8#
9# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13# limitations under the License.
14
15
16# Android makefile to build kernel as a part of Android Build
17#
18# Configuration
19# =============
20#
21# These config vars are usually set in BoardConfig.mk:
22#
23# TARGET_KERNEL_SOURCE = Kernel source dir, optional, defaults
24# to kernel/$(TARGET_DEVICE_DIR)
25# TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG = Kernel defconfig
26# TARGET_KERNEL_VARIANT_CONFIG = Variant defconfig, optional
27# TARGET_KERNEL_SELINUX_CONFIG = SELinux defconfig, optional
28# TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG = Additional defconfig, optional
29# TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH = Kernel Arch
30# TARGET_KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH = Optional Arch for kernel headers if
31# different from TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH
32# TARGET_USES_UNCOMPRESSED_KERNEL = 'true' if Kernel is uncompressed,
33# optional, defaults to false
34# TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX = Compiler prefix (e.g. arm-eabi-)
35# defaults to arm-linux-androideabi- for arm
36# aarch64-linux-android- for arm64
37# x86_64-linux-android- for x86
38#
39# BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME = Built image name, optional,
40# defaults to Image.gz on arm64
41# defaults to Image if TARGET_USES_UNCOMPRESSED_KERNEL
42# defaults to zImage otherwise
43#
44# KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX = Overrides TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX,
45# Set this var in shell to override
46# toolchain specified in BoardConfig.mk
47# KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN = Path to toolchain, if unset, assumes
48# TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX
49# is in PATH
50# USE_CCACHE = Enable ccache (global Android flag)
51#
52# NEED_KERNEL_MODULE_ROOT = Optional, if true, install kernel
53# modules in root instead of system
54
55
56TARGET_AUTO_KDIR := $(shell echo $(TARGET_DEVICE_DIR) | sed -e 's/^device/kernel/g')
57
58## Externally influenced variables
59# kernel location - optional, defaults to kernel/<vendor>/<device>
60TARGET_KERNEL_SOURCE ?= $(TARGET_AUTO_KDIR)
61KERNEL_SRC := $(TARGET_KERNEL_SOURCE)
62# kernel configuration - mandatory
63KERNEL_DEFCONFIG := $(TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG)
64VARIANT_DEFCONFIG := $(TARGET_KERNEL_VARIANT_CONFIG)
65SELINUX_DEFCONFIG := $(TARGET_KERNEL_SELINUX_CONFIG)
66
67## Internal variables
68KERNEL_OUT := $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/KERNEL_OBJ
69KERNEL_CONFIG := $(KERNEL_OUT)/.config
70KERNEL_OUT_STAMP := $(KERNEL_OUT)/.mkdir_stamp
71
72TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH := $(strip $(TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH))
73ifeq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH),)
74KERNEL_ARCH := $(TARGET_ARCH)
75else
76KERNEL_ARCH := $(TARGET_KERNEL_ARCH)
77endif
78
79ifeq ($(KERNEL_ARCH),x86_64)
80KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_ARCH := x86
81else
82KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_ARCH := $(KERNEL_ARCH)
83endif
84KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_SRC := $(KERNEL_SRC)/arch/$(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_ARCH)/configs/$(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG)
85
86TARGET_KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH := $(strip $(TARGET_KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH))
87ifeq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH),)
88KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH := $(KERNEL_ARCH)
89else
90KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH := $(TARGET_KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH)
91endif
92
93KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG := $(strip $(KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG))
94ifeq ($(KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG),)
95KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG := $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG)
96endif
97
98
99ifneq ($(BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME),)
100 TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE := $(BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME)
101else
102 ifeq ($(TARGET_USES_UNCOMPRESSED_KERNEL),true)
103 TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE := Image
104 else
105 ifeq ($(KERNEL_ARCH),arm64)
106 TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE := Image.gz
107 else
108 TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE := zImage
109 endif
110 endif
111endif
112
113TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL := $(KERNEL_OUT)/arch/$(KERNEL_ARCH)/boot/$(TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE)
114
115# Clear this first to prevent accidental poisoning from env
116MAKE_FLAGS :=
117
118ifeq ($(KERNEL_ARCH),arm64)
119 # Avoid "unsupported RELA relocation: 311" errors (R_AARCH64_ADR_GOT_PAGE)
120 MAKE_FLAGS += CFLAGS_MODULE="-fno-pic"
121 ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm)
122 KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE := CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC_32BIT=y
123 endif
124endif
125
126ifneq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG),)
127KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG := $(TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)
128KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC := $(KERNEL_SRC)/arch/$(KERNEL_ARCH)/configs/$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)
129 ifeq ("$(wildcard $(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC))","")
130 $(warning TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG '$(TARGET_KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)' doesn't exist)
131 KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC := /dev/null
132 endif
133else
134 KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC := /dev/null
135endif
136
137## Do be discontinued in a future version. Notify builder about target
138## kernel format requirement
139ifeq ($(BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME),)
140ifeq ($(BOARD_USES_UBOOT),true)
141 $(error "Please set BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME to uImage")
142else ifeq ($(BOARD_USES_UNCOMPRESSED_BOOT),true)
143 $(error "Please set BOARD_KERNEL_IMAGE_NAME to Image")
144endif
145endif
146
147ifeq "$(wildcard $(KERNEL_SRC) )" ""
148 ifneq ($(TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL),)
149 HAS_PREBUILT_KERNEL := true
150 NEEDS_KERNEL_COPY := true
151 else
152 $(foreach cf,$(PRODUCT_COPY_FILES), \
153 $(eval _src := $(call word-colon,1,$(cf))) \
154 $(eval _dest := $(call word-colon,2,$(cf))) \
155 $(ifeq kernel,$(_dest), \
156 $(eval HAS_PREBUILT_KERNEL := true)))
157 endif
158
159 ifneq ($(HAS_PREBUILT_KERNEL),)
160 $(warning ***************************************************************)
161 $(warning * Using prebuilt kernel binary instead of source *)
162 $(warning * THIS IS DEPRECATED, AND WILL BE DISCONTINUED *)
163 $(warning * Please configure your device to download the kernel *)
164 $(warning * source repository to $(KERNEL_SRC))
165 $(warning * See http://wiki.cyanogenmod.org/w/Doc:_integrated_kernel_building)
166 $(warning * for more information *)
167 $(warning ***************************************************************)
168 FULL_KERNEL_BUILD := false
169 KERNEL_BIN := $(TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL)
170 else
171 $(warning ***************************************************************)
172 $(warning * *)
173 $(warning * No kernel source found, and no fallback prebuilt defined. *)
174 $(warning * Please make sure your device is properly configured to *)
175 $(warning * download the kernel repository to $(KERNEL_SRC))
176 $(warning * and add the TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG variable to BoardConfig.mk *)
177 $(warning * *)
178 $(warning * As an alternative, define the TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL *)
179 $(warning * variable with the path to the prebuilt binary kernel image *)
180 $(warning * in your BoardConfig.mk file *)
181 $(warning * *)
182 $(warning ***************************************************************)
183 $(error "NO KERNEL")
184 endif
185else
186 NEEDS_KERNEL_COPY := true
187 ifeq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG),)
188 $(warning **********************************************************)
189 $(warning * Kernel source found, but no configuration was defined *)
190 $(warning * Please add the TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG variable to your *)
191 $(warning * BoardConfig.mk file *)
192 $(warning **********************************************************)
193 # $(error "NO KERNEL CONFIG")
194 else
195 #$(info Kernel source found, building it)
196 FULL_KERNEL_BUILD := true
197 KERNEL_BIN := $(TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL)
198 endif
199endif
200
201ifeq ($(FULL_KERNEL_BUILD),true)
202
203KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL := $(KERNEL_OUT)/usr
204KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL_STAMP := $(KERNEL_OUT)/.headers_install_stamp
205
206ifeq ($(NEED_KERNEL_MODULE_ROOT),true)
207KERNEL_MODULES_INSTALL := root
208KERNEL_MODULES_OUT := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/lib/modules
209else
210KERNEL_MODULES_INSTALL := system
211KERNEL_MODULES_OUT := $(TARGET_OUT)/lib/modules
212endif
213
214TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX := $(strip $(TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX))
215ifneq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX),)
216KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX ?= $(TARGET_KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE_PREFIX)
217else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm64)
218KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX ?= aarch64-linux-android-
219else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm)
220KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX ?= arm-linux-androideabi-
221else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),x86)
222KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX ?= x86_64-linux-android-
223endif
224
225ifeq ($(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN),)
226KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PATH := $(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX)
227else
228ifneq ($(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX),)
229KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PATH := $(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN)/$(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX)
230endif
231endif
232
233ifneq ($(USE_CCACHE),)
Steve Kondik6a378282016-09-25 22:37:01 -0700[diff] [blame^]234 # Detect if the system already has ccache installed to use instead of the prebuilt
235 ccache := $(shell which ccache)
236
237 ifeq ($(ccache),)
238 ccache := $(ANDROID_BUILD_TOP)/prebuilts/misc/$(HOST_PREBUILT_TAG)/ccache/ccache
239 # Check that the executable is here.
240 ccache := $(strip $(wildcard $(ccache)))
241 endif
Michael Bestas3952f6c2016-08-26 01:12:08 +0300[diff] [blame]242endif
243
244KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE := CROSS_COMPILE="$(ccache) $(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PATH)"
245ccache =
246
247define mv-modules
248 mdpath=`find $(KERNEL_MODULES_OUT) -type f -name modules.order`;\
249 if [ "$$mdpath" != "" ];then\
250 mpath=`dirname $$mdpath`;\
251 ko=`find $$mpath/kernel -type f -name *.ko`;\
252 for i in $$ko; do $(KERNEL_TOOLCHAIN_PATH)strip --strip-unneeded $$i;\
253 mv $$i $(KERNEL_MODULES_OUT)/; done;\
254 fi
255endef
256
257define clean-module-folder
258 mdpath=`find $(KERNEL_MODULES_OUT) -type f -name modules.order`;\
259 if [ "$$mdpath" != "" ];then\
260 mpath=`dirname $$mdpath`; rm -rf $$mpath;\
261 fi
262endef
263
264ifeq ($(HOST_OS),darwin)
265 MAKE_FLAGS += C_INCLUDE_PATH=$(ANDROID_BUILD_TOP)/external/elfutils/libelf/
266endif
267
268ifeq ($(TARGET_KERNEL_MODULES),)
269 TARGET_KERNEL_MODULES := no-external-modules
270endif
271
272$(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP):
273 $(hide) mkdir -p $(KERNEL_OUT)
274 $(hide) rm -rf $(KERNEL_MODULES_OUT)
275 $(hide) mkdir -p $(KERNEL_MODULES_OUT)
276 $(hide) touch $@
277
278KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_OUT := $(KERNEL_OUT)/.additional_config
279
280.PHONY: force_additional_config
281$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_OUT): force_additional_config
282 $(hide) cmp -s $(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC) $@ || cp $(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_SRC) $@;
283
284$(KERNEL_CONFIG): $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP) $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_SRC) $(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG_OUT)
285 @echo "Building Kernel Config"
286 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) VARIANT_DEFCONFIG=$(VARIANT_DEFCONFIG) SELINUX_DEFCONFIG=$(SELINUX_DEFCONFIG) $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG)
287 $(hide) if [ ! -z "$(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE)" ]; then \
288 echo "Overriding kernel config with '$(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE)'"; \
289 echo $(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE) >> $(KERNEL_OUT)/.config; \
290 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) oldconfig; fi
291 $(hide) if [ ! -z "$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)" ]; then \
292 echo "Using additional config '$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)'"; \
293 $(KERNEL_SRC)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m -O $(KERNEL_OUT) $(KERNEL_OUT)/.config $(KERNEL_SRC)/arch/$(KERNEL_ARCH)/configs/$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG); \
294 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=$(KERNEL_OUT)/.config alldefconfig; fi
295
296TARGET_KERNEL_BINARIES: $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP) $(KERNEL_CONFIG) $(KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL_STAMP)
297 @echo "Building Kernel"
298 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) $(TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL_TYPE)
299 $(hide) if grep -q 'CONFIG_OF=y' $(KERNEL_CONFIG) ; \
300 then \
301 echo "Building DTBs" ; \
302 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) dtbs ; \
303 else \
304 echo "DTBs not enabled" ; \
305 fi ;
306 $(hide) if grep -q 'CONFIG_MODULES=y' $(KERNEL_CONFIG) ; \
307 then \
308 echo "Building Kernel Modules" ; \
309 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) modules && \
310 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../../$(KERNEL_MODULES_INSTALL) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) modules_install && \
311 $(mv-modules) && \
312 $(clean-module-folder) ; \
313 else \
314 echo "Kernel Modules not enabled" ; \
315 fi ;
316
317
318$(TARGET_KERNEL_MODULES): TARGET_KERNEL_BINARIES
319
320$(TARGET_PREBUILT_INT_KERNEL): $(TARGET_KERNEL_MODULES)
321 $(mv-modules)
322 $(clean-module-folder)
323
324$(KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL_STAMP): $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP) $(KERNEL_CONFIG)
325 @echo "Building Kernel Headers"
326 $(hide) if [ ! -z "$(KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG)" ]; then \
327 rm -f ../$(KERNEL_CONFIG); \
328 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) VARIANT_DEFCONFIG=$(VARIANT_DEFCONFIG) SELINUX_DEFCONFIG=$(SELINUX_DEFCONFIG) $(KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG); \
329 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_HEADER_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) headers_install; fi
330 $(hide) if [ "$(KERNEL_HEADER_DEFCONFIG)" != "$(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG)" ]; then \
331 echo "Used a different defconfig for header generation"; \
332 rm -f ../$(KERNEL_CONFIG); \
333 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) VARIANT_DEFCONFIG=$(VARIANT_DEFCONFIG) SELINUX_DEFCONFIG=$(SELINUX_DEFCONFIG) $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG); fi
334 $(hide) if [ ! -z "$(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE)" ]; then \
335 echo "Overriding kernel config with '$(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE)'"; \
336 echo $(KERNEL_CONFIG_OVERRIDE) >> $(KERNEL_OUT)/.config; \
337 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) oldconfig; fi
338 $(hide) if [ ! -z "$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)" ]; then \
339 echo "Using additional config '$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG)'"; \
340 $(KERNEL_SRC)/scripts/kconfig/merge_config.sh -m -O $(KERNEL_OUT) $(KERNEL_OUT)/.config $(KERNEL_SRC)/arch/$(KERNEL_ARCH)/configs/$(KERNEL_ADDITIONAL_CONFIG); \
341 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=$(KERNEL_OUT)/.config alldefconfig; fi
342 $(hide) touch $@
343
344# provide this rule because there are dependencies on this throughout the repo
345$(KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL): $(KERNEL_HEADERS_INSTALL_STAMP)
346
347kerneltags: $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP) $(KERNEL_CONFIG)
348 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) tags
349
350kernelconfig: KERNELCONFIG_MODE := menuconfig
351kernelxconfig: KERNELCONFIG_MODE := xconfig
352kernelxconfig kernelconfig: $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP)
353 $(MAKE) $(MAKE_FLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG)
354 env KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP=true \
355 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) $(KERNELCONFIG_MODE)
356 env KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP=true \
357 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) savedefconfig
358 cp $(KERNEL_OUT)/defconfig $(KERNEL_DEFCONFIG_SRC)
359
360alldefconfig: $(KERNEL_OUT_STAMP)
361 env KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP=true \
362 $(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_SRC) O=$(KERNEL_OUT) ARCH=$(KERNEL_ARCH) $(KERNEL_CROSS_COMPILE) alldefconfig
363
364endif # FULL_KERNEL_BUILD
365
366## Install it
367
368ifeq ($(NEEDS_KERNEL_COPY),true)
369file := $(INSTALLED_KERNEL_TARGET)
370ALL_PREBUILT += $(file)
371$(file) : $(KERNEL_BIN) | $(ACP)
372 $(transform-prebuilt-to-target)
373
374ALL_PREBUILT += $(INSTALLED_KERNEL_TARGET)
375endif
376
377.PHONY: kernel
378kernel: $(INSTALLED_KERNEL_TARGET)