runtime/interpreter/interpreter_common.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "interpreter_common.h"

#include <cmath>

#include "base/enums.h"
#include "debugger.h"
#include "entrypoints/runtime_asm_entrypoints.h"
#include "jit/jit.h"
#include "jvalue.h"
#include "method_handles-inl.h"
#include "method_handles.h"
#include "mirror/array-inl.h"
#include "mirror/class.h"
#include "mirror/emulated_stack_frame.h"
#include "mirror/method_handle_impl-inl.h"
#include "reflection-inl.h"
#include "reflection.h"
#include "stack.h"
#include "thread-inl.h"
#include "transaction.h"
#include "well_known_classes.h"

namespace art {
namespace interpreter {

void ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromInterpreter() {
  ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromDexPC();
}

template<FindFieldType find_type, Primitive::Type field_type, bool do_access_check,
         bool transaction_active>
bool DoFieldGet(Thread* self, ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst,
                uint16_t inst_data) {
  const bool is_static = (find_type == StaticObjectRead) || (find_type == StaticPrimitiveRead);
  const uint32_t field_idx = is_static ? inst->VRegB_21c() : inst->VRegC_22c();
  ArtField* f =
      FindFieldFromCode<find_type, do_access_check>(field_idx, shadow_frame.GetMethod(), self,
                                                    Primitive::ComponentSize(field_type));
  if (UNLIKELY(f == nullptr)) {
    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return false;
  }
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj;
  if (is_static) {
    obj = f->GetDeclaringClass();
    if (transaction_active) {
      if (Runtime::Current()->GetTransaction()->ReadConstraint(obj.Ptr(), f)) {
        Runtime::Current()->AbortTransactionAndThrowAbortError(self, "Can't read static fields of "
            + obj->PrettyTypeOf() + " since it does not belong to clinit's class.");
        return false;
      }
    }
  } else {
    obj = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(inst->VRegB_22c(inst_data));
    if (UNLIKELY(obj == nullptr)) {
      ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(f, true);
      return false;
    }
  }

  JValue result;
  if (UNLIKELY(!DoFieldGetCommon<field_type>(self, shadow_frame, obj, f, &result))) {
    // Instrumentation threw an error!
    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return false;
  }
  uint32_t vregA = is_static ? inst->VRegA_21c(inst_data) : inst->VRegA_22c(inst_data);
  switch (field_type) {
    case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, result.GetZ());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimByte:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, result.GetB());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, result.GetC());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimShort:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, result.GetS());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, result.GetI());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      shadow_frame.SetVRegLong(vregA, result.GetJ());
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimNot:
      shadow_frame.SetVRegReference(vregA, result.GetL());
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable: " << field_type;
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return true;
}

// Explicitly instantiate all DoFieldGet functions.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, _do_check, _transaction_active) \
  template bool DoFieldGet<_find_type, _field_type, _do_check, _transaction_active>(Thread* self, \
                                                               ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, \
                                                               const Instruction* inst, \
                                                               uint16_t inst_data)

#define EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type)  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, false, true);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, false, false);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, true, true);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, true, false);

// iget-XXX
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimBoolean)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimByte)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimChar)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimShort)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimInt)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimLong)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstanceObjectRead, Primitive::kPrimNot)

// sget-XXX
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimBoolean)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimByte)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimChar)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimShort)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimInt)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveRead, Primitive::kPrimLong)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticObjectRead, Primitive::kPrimNot)

#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_GET_TEMPLATE_DECL

// Handles iget-quick, iget-wide-quick and iget-object-quick instructions.
// Returns true on success, otherwise throws an exception and returns false.
template<Primitive::Type field_type>
bool DoIGetQuick(ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst, uint16_t inst_data) {
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(inst->VRegB_22c(inst_data));
  if (UNLIKELY(obj == nullptr)) {
    // We lost the reference to the field index so we cannot get a more
    // precised exception message.
    ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromDexPC();
    return false;
  }
  MemberOffset field_offset(inst->VRegC_22c());
  // Report this field access to instrumentation if needed. Since we only have the offset of
  // the field from the base of the object, we need to look for it first.
  instrumentation::Instrumentation* instrumentation = Runtime::Current()->GetInstrumentation();
  if (UNLIKELY(instrumentation->HasFieldReadListeners())) {
    ArtField* f = ArtField::FindInstanceFieldWithOffset(obj->GetClass(),
                                                        field_offset.Uint32Value());
    DCHECK(f != nullptr);
    DCHECK(!f->IsStatic());
    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
    StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
    // Save obj in case the instrumentation event has thread suspension.
    HandleWrapperObjPtr<mirror::Object> h = hs.NewHandleWrapper(&obj);
    instrumentation->FieldReadEvent(self,
                                    obj.Ptr(),
                                    shadow_frame.GetMethod(),
                                    shadow_frame.GetDexPC(),
                                    f);
    if (UNLIKELY(self->IsExceptionPending())) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  // Note: iget-x-quick instructions are only for non-volatile fields.
  const uint32_t vregA = inst->VRegA_22c(inst_data);
  switch (field_type) {
    case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, static_cast<int32_t>(obj->GetField32(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, static_cast<int32_t>(obj->GetFieldBoolean(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimByte:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, static_cast<int32_t>(obj->GetFieldByte(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, static_cast<int32_t>(obj->GetFieldChar(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimShort:
      shadow_frame.SetVReg(vregA, static_cast<int32_t>(obj->GetFieldShort(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      shadow_frame.SetVRegLong(vregA, static_cast<int64_t>(obj->GetField64(field_offset)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimNot:
      shadow_frame.SetVRegReference(vregA, obj->GetFieldObject<mirror::Object>(field_offset));
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable: " << field_type;
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return true;
}

// Explicitly instantiate all DoIGetQuick functions.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(_field_type) \
  template bool DoIGetQuick<_field_type>(ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst, \
                                         uint16_t inst_data)

EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimInt);      // iget-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimBoolean);  // iget-boolean-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimByte);     // iget-byte-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimChar);     // iget-char-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimShort);    // iget-short-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimLong);     // iget-wide-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimNot);      // iget-object-quick.
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_IGET_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL

template<Primitive::Type field_type>
static JValue GetFieldValue(const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, uint32_t vreg)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  JValue field_value;
  switch (field_type) {
    case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
      field_value.SetZ(static_cast<uint8_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(vreg)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimByte:
      field_value.SetB(static_cast<int8_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(vreg)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
      field_value.SetC(static_cast<uint16_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(vreg)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimShort:
      field_value.SetS(static_cast<int16_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(vreg)));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      field_value.SetI(shadow_frame.GetVReg(vreg));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      field_value.SetJ(shadow_frame.GetVRegLong(vreg));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimNot:
      field_value.SetL(shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(vreg));
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable: " << field_type;
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return field_value;
}

template<FindFieldType find_type, Primitive::Type field_type, bool do_access_check,
         bool transaction_active>
bool DoFieldPut(Thread* self, const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst,
                uint16_t inst_data) {
  const bool do_assignability_check = do_access_check;
  bool is_static = (find_type == StaticObjectWrite) || (find_type == StaticPrimitiveWrite);
  uint32_t field_idx = is_static ? inst->VRegB_21c() : inst->VRegC_22c();
  ArtField* f =
      FindFieldFromCode<find_type, do_access_check>(field_idx, shadow_frame.GetMethod(), self,
                                                    Primitive::ComponentSize(field_type));
  if (UNLIKELY(f == nullptr)) {
    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return false;
  }
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj;
  if (is_static) {
    obj = f->GetDeclaringClass();
    if (transaction_active) {
      if (Runtime::Current()->GetTransaction()->WriteConstraint(obj.Ptr(), f)) {
        Runtime::Current()->AbortTransactionAndThrowAbortError(
            self, "Can't set fields of " + obj->PrettyTypeOf());
        return false;
      }
    }

  } else {
    obj = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(inst->VRegB_22c(inst_data));
    if (UNLIKELY(obj == nullptr)) {
      ThrowNullPointerExceptionForFieldAccess(f, false);
      return false;
    }
  }

  uint32_t vregA = is_static ? inst->VRegA_21c(inst_data) : inst->VRegA_22c(inst_data);
  JValue value = GetFieldValue<field_type>(shadow_frame, vregA);
  return DoFieldPutCommon<field_type, do_assignability_check, transaction_active>(self,
                                                                                  shadow_frame,
                                                                                  obj,
                                                                                  f,
                                                                                  value);
}

// Explicitly instantiate all DoFieldPut functions.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, _do_check, _transaction_active) \
  template bool DoFieldPut<_find_type, _field_type, _do_check, _transaction_active>(Thread* self, \
      const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst, uint16_t inst_data)

#define EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type)  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, false, false);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, true, false);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, false, true);  \
    EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL(_find_type, _field_type, true, true);

// iput-XXX
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimBoolean)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimByte)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimChar)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimShort)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimInt)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstancePrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimLong)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(InstanceObjectWrite, Primitive::kPrimNot)

// sput-XXX
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimBoolean)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimByte)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimChar)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimShort)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimInt)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticPrimitiveWrite, Primitive::kPrimLong)
EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(StaticObjectWrite, Primitive::kPrimNot)

#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FIELD_PUT_TEMPLATE_DECL

template<Primitive::Type field_type, bool transaction_active>
bool DoIPutQuick(const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst, uint16_t inst_data) {
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> obj = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(inst->VRegB_22c(inst_data));
  if (UNLIKELY(obj == nullptr)) {
    // We lost the reference to the field index so we cannot get a more
    // precised exception message.
    ThrowNullPointerExceptionFromDexPC();
    return false;
  }
  MemberOffset field_offset(inst->VRegC_22c());
  const uint32_t vregA = inst->VRegA_22c(inst_data);
  // Report this field modification to instrumentation if needed. Since we only have the offset of
  // the field from the base of the object, we need to look for it first.
  instrumentation::Instrumentation* instrumentation = Runtime::Current()->GetInstrumentation();
  if (UNLIKELY(instrumentation->HasFieldWriteListeners())) {
    ArtField* f = ArtField::FindInstanceFieldWithOffset(obj->GetClass(),
                                                        field_offset.Uint32Value());
    DCHECK(f != nullptr);
    DCHECK(!f->IsStatic());
    JValue field_value = GetFieldValue<field_type>(shadow_frame, vregA);
    Thread* self = Thread::Current();
    StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
    // Save obj in case the instrumentation event has thread suspension.
    HandleWrapperObjPtr<mirror::Object> h = hs.NewHandleWrapper(&obj);
    mirror::Object* fake_root = nullptr;
    HandleWrapper<mirror::Object> ret(hs.NewHandleWrapper<mirror::Object>(
        field_type == Primitive::kPrimNot ? field_value.GetGCRoot() : &fake_root));
    instrumentation->FieldWriteEvent(self,
                                     obj.Ptr(),
                                     shadow_frame.GetMethod(),
                                     shadow_frame.GetDexPC(),
                                     f,
                                     field_value);
    if (UNLIKELY(self->IsExceptionPending())) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  // Note: iput-x-quick instructions are only for non-volatile fields.
  switch (field_type) {
    case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
      obj->SetFieldBoolean<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVReg(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimByte:
      obj->SetFieldByte<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVReg(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
      obj->SetFieldChar<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVReg(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimShort:
      obj->SetFieldShort<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVReg(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      obj->SetField32<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVReg(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      obj->SetField64<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVRegLong(vregA));
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimNot:
      obj->SetFieldObject<transaction_active>(field_offset, shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(vregA));
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unreachable: " << field_type;
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
  return true;
}

// Explicitly instantiate all DoIPutQuick functions.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(_field_type, _transaction_active) \
  template bool DoIPutQuick<_field_type, _transaction_active>(const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, \
                                                              const Instruction* inst, \
                                                              uint16_t inst_data)

#define EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(_field_type)   \
  EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(_field_type, false);     \
  EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL(_field_type, true);

EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimInt)      // iput-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimBoolean)  // iput-boolean-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimByte)     // iput-byte-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimChar)     // iput-char-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimShort)    // iput-short-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimLong)     // iput-wide-quick.
EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(Primitive::kPrimNot)      // iput-object-quick.
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_IPUT_QUICK_TEMPLATE_DECL

// We accept a null Instrumentation* meaning we must not report anything to the instrumentation.
uint32_t FindNextInstructionFollowingException(
    Thread* self, ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, uint32_t dex_pc,
    const instrumentation::Instrumentation* instrumentation) {
  self->VerifyStack();
  StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::Throwable> exception(hs.NewHandle(self->GetException()));
  if (instrumentation != nullptr && instrumentation->HasExceptionThrownListeners()
      && self->IsExceptionThrownByCurrentMethod(exception.Get())) {
    instrumentation->ExceptionThrownEvent(self, exception.Get());
  }
  bool clear_exception = false;
  uint32_t found_dex_pc = shadow_frame.GetMethod()->FindCatchBlock(
      hs.NewHandle(exception->GetClass()), dex_pc, &clear_exception);
  if (found_dex_pc == DexFile::kDexNoIndex && instrumentation != nullptr) {
    // Exception is not caught by the current method. We will unwind to the
    // caller. Notify any instrumentation listener.
    instrumentation->MethodUnwindEvent(self, shadow_frame.GetThisObject(),
                                       shadow_frame.GetMethod(), dex_pc);
  } else {
    // Exception is caught in the current method. We will jump to the found_dex_pc.
    if (clear_exception) {
      self->ClearException();
    }
  }
  return found_dex_pc;
}

void UnexpectedOpcode(const Instruction* inst, const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame) {
  LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected instruction: "
             << inst->DumpString(shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetDexFile());
  UNREACHABLE();
}

void AbortTransactionF(Thread* self, const char* fmt, ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, fmt);
  AbortTransactionV(self, fmt, args);
  va_end(args);
}

void AbortTransactionV(Thread* self, const char* fmt, va_list args) {
  CHECK(Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction());
  // Constructs abort message.
  std::string abort_msg;
  android::base::StringAppendV(&abort_msg, fmt, args);
  // Throws an exception so we can abort the transaction and rollback every change.
  Runtime::Current()->AbortTransactionAndThrowAbortError(self, abort_msg);
}

// START DECLARATIONS :
//
// These additional declarations are required because clang complains
// about ALWAYS_INLINE (-Werror, -Wgcc-compat) in definitions.
//

template <bool is_range, bool do_assignability_check>
static ALWAYS_INLINE bool DoCallCommon(ArtMethod* called_method,
                                       Thread* self,
                                       ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                                       JValue* result,
                                       uint16_t number_of_inputs,
                                       uint32_t (&arg)[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs],
                                       uint32_t vregC) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

template <bool is_range>
ALWAYS_INLINE void CopyRegisters(ShadowFrame& caller_frame,
                                 ShadowFrame* callee_frame,
                                 const uint32_t (&arg)[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs],
                                 const size_t first_src_reg,
                                 const size_t first_dest_reg,
                                 const size_t num_regs) REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_);

// END DECLARATIONS.

void ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(Thread* self,
                                        ArtMethod* caller,
                                        ShadowFrame* shadow_frame,
                                        uint16_t arg_offset,
                                        JValue* result)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  ArtMethod* method = shadow_frame->GetMethod();
  // Ensure static methods are initialized.
  if (method->IsStatic()) {
    ObjPtr<mirror::Class> declaringClass = method->GetDeclaringClass();
    if (UNLIKELY(!declaringClass->IsInitialized())) {
      self->PushShadowFrame(shadow_frame);
      StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
      Handle<mirror::Class> h_class(hs.NewHandle(declaringClass));
      if (UNLIKELY(!Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->EnsureInitialized(self, h_class, true,
                                                                            true))) {
        self->PopShadowFrame();
        DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
        return;
      }
      self->PopShadowFrame();
      CHECK(h_class->IsInitializing());
      // Reload from shadow frame in case the method moved, this is faster than adding a handle.
      method = shadow_frame->GetMethod();
    }
  }
  // Basic checks for the arg_offset. If there's no code item, the arg_offset must be 0. Otherwise,
  // check that the arg_offset isn't greater than the number of registers. A stronger check is
  // difficult since the frame may contain space for all the registers in the method, or only enough
  // space for the arguments.
  if (kIsDebugBuild) {
    if (method->GetCodeItem() == nullptr) {
      DCHECK_EQ(0u, arg_offset) << method->PrettyMethod();
    } else {
      DCHECK_LE(arg_offset, shadow_frame->NumberOfVRegs());
    }
  }
  jit::Jit* jit = Runtime::Current()->GetJit();
  if (jit != nullptr && caller != nullptr) {
    jit->NotifyInterpreterToCompiledCodeTransition(self, caller);
  }
  method->Invoke(self, shadow_frame->GetVRegArgs(arg_offset),
                 (shadow_frame->NumberOfVRegs() - arg_offset) * sizeof(uint32_t),
                 result, method->GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(kRuntimePointerSize)->GetShorty());
}

void SetStringInitValueToAllAliases(ShadowFrame* shadow_frame,
                                    uint16_t this_obj_vreg,
                                    JValue result)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> existing = shadow_frame->GetVRegReference(this_obj_vreg);
  if (existing == nullptr) {
    // If it's null, we come from compiled code that was deoptimized. Nothing to do,
    // as the compiler verified there was no alias.
    // Set the new string result of the StringFactory.
    shadow_frame->SetVRegReference(this_obj_vreg, result.GetL());
    return;
  }
  // Set the string init result into all aliases.
  for (uint32_t i = 0, e = shadow_frame->NumberOfVRegs(); i < e; ++i) {
    if (shadow_frame->GetVRegReference(i) == existing) {
      DCHECK_EQ(shadow_frame->GetVRegReference(i),
                reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(shadow_frame->GetVReg(i)));
      shadow_frame->SetVRegReference(i, result.GetL());
      DCHECK_EQ(shadow_frame->GetVRegReference(i),
                reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(shadow_frame->GetVReg(i)));
    }
  }
}

template<bool is_range>
bool DoInvokePolymorphic(Thread* self,
                         ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                         const Instruction* inst,
                         uint16_t inst_data,
                         JValue* result)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  // Invoke-polymorphic instructions always take a receiver. i.e, they are never static.
  const uint32_t vRegC = (is_range) ? inst->VRegC_4rcc() : inst->VRegC_45cc();
  const int invoke_method_idx = (is_range) ? inst->VRegB_4rcc() : inst->VRegB_45cc();

  // Initialize |result| to 0 as this is the default return value for
  // polymorphic invocations of method handle types with void return
  // and provides sane return result in error cases.
  result->SetJ(0);

  // The invoke_method_idx here is the name of the signature polymorphic method that
  // was symbolically invoked in bytecode (say MethodHandle.invoke or MethodHandle.invokeExact)
  // and not the method that we'll dispatch to in the end.
  StackHandleScope<5> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::MethodHandle> method_handle(hs.NewHandle(
      ObjPtr<mirror::MethodHandle>::DownCast(
          MakeObjPtr(shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(vRegC)))));
  if (UNLIKELY(method_handle == nullptr)) {
    // Note that the invoke type is kVirtual here because a call to a signature
    // polymorphic method is shaped like a virtual call at the bytecode level.
    ThrowNullPointerExceptionForMethodAccess(invoke_method_idx, InvokeType::kVirtual);
    return false;
  }

  // The vRegH value gives the index of the proto_id associated with this
  // signature polymorphic call site.
  const uint32_t callsite_proto_id = (is_range) ? inst->VRegH_4rcc() : inst->VRegH_45cc();

  // Call through to the classlinker and ask it to resolve the static type associated
  // with the callsite. This information is stored in the dex cache so it's
  // guaranteed to be fast after the first resolution.
  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
  Handle<mirror::Class> caller_class(hs.NewHandle(shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetDeclaringClass()));
  Handle<mirror::MethodType> callsite_type(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->ResolveMethodType(
      caller_class->GetDexFile(), callsite_proto_id,
      hs.NewHandle<mirror::DexCache>(caller_class->GetDexCache()),
      hs.NewHandle<mirror::ClassLoader>(caller_class->GetClassLoader()))));

  // This implies we couldn't resolve one or more types in this method handle.
  if (UNLIKELY(callsite_type == nullptr)) {
    CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return false;
  }

  ArtMethod* invoke_method =
      class_linker->ResolveMethod<ClassLinker::ResolveMode::kCheckICCEAndIAE>(
          self, invoke_method_idx, shadow_frame.GetMethod(), kVirtual);

  // There is a common dispatch method for method handles that takes
  // arguments either from a range or an array of arguments depending
  // on whether the DEX instruction is invoke-polymorphic/range or
  // invoke-polymorphic. The array here is for the latter.
  uint32_t args[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs] = {};
  if (is_range) {
    // VRegC is the register holding the method handle. Arguments passed
    // to the method handle's target do not include the method handle.
    uint32_t first_arg = inst->VRegC_4rcc() + 1;
    return DoInvokePolymorphic<is_range>(self,
                                         invoke_method,
                                         shadow_frame,
                                         method_handle,
                                         callsite_type,
                                         args /* unused */,
                                         first_arg,
                                         result);
  } else {
    // Get the register arguments for the invoke.
    inst->GetVarArgs(args, inst_data);
    // Drop the first register which is the method handle performing the invoke.
    memmove(args, args + 1, sizeof(args[0]) * (Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs - 1));
    args[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs - 1] = 0;
    return DoInvokePolymorphic<is_range>(self,
                                         invoke_method,
                                         shadow_frame,
                                         method_handle,
                                         callsite_type,
                                         args,
                                         args[0],
                                         result);
  }
}

static ObjPtr<mirror::CallSite> InvokeBootstrapMethod(Thread* self,
                                                      ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                                                      uint32_t call_site_idx)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  ArtMethod* referrer = shadow_frame.GetMethod();
  const DexFile* dex_file = referrer->GetDexFile();
  const DexFile::CallSiteIdItem& csi = dex_file->GetCallSiteId(call_site_idx);

  StackHandleScope<10> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::ClassLoader> class_loader(hs.NewHandle(referrer->GetClassLoader()));
  Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(referrer->GetDexCache()));

  CallSiteArrayValueIterator it(*dex_file, csi);
  uint32_t method_handle_idx = static_cast<uint32_t>(it.GetJavaValue().i);
  ClassLinker* class_linker = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker();
  Handle<mirror::MethodHandle>
      bootstrap(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->ResolveMethodHandle(method_handle_idx, referrer)));
  if (bootstrap.IsNull()) {
    DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return nullptr;
  }
  Handle<mirror::MethodType> bootstrap_method_type = hs.NewHandle(bootstrap->GetMethodType());
  it.Next();

  DCHECK_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(bootstrap->GetMethodType()->GetPTypes()->GetLength()), it.Size());
  const size_t num_bootstrap_vregs = bootstrap->GetMethodType()->NumberOfVRegs();

  // Set-up a shadow frame for invoking the bootstrap method handle.
  ShadowFrameAllocaUniquePtr bootstrap_frame =
      CREATE_SHADOW_FRAME(num_bootstrap_vregs, nullptr, referrer, shadow_frame.GetDexPC());
  ScopedStackedShadowFramePusher pusher(
      self, bootstrap_frame.get(), StackedShadowFrameType::kShadowFrameUnderConstruction);
  size_t vreg = 0;

  // The first parameter is a MethodHandles lookup instance.
  {
    Handle<mirror::Class> lookup_class(hs.NewHandle(bootstrap->GetTargetClass()));
    ObjPtr<mirror::MethodHandlesLookup> lookup =
        mirror::MethodHandlesLookup::Create(self, lookup_class);
    if (lookup.IsNull()) {
      DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
      return nullptr;
    }
    bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg++, lookup.Ptr());
  }

  // The second parameter is the name to lookup.
  {
    dex::StringIndex name_idx(static_cast<uint32_t>(it.GetJavaValue().i));
    ObjPtr<mirror::String> name = class_linker->ResolveString(*dex_file, name_idx, dex_cache);
    if (name.IsNull()) {
      DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
      return nullptr;
    }
    bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg++, name.Ptr());
  }
  it.Next();

  // The third parameter is the method type associated with the name.
  uint32_t method_type_idx = static_cast<uint32_t>(it.GetJavaValue().i);
  Handle<mirror::MethodType>
      method_type(hs.NewHandle(class_linker->ResolveMethodType(*dex_file,
                                                               method_type_idx,
                                                               dex_cache,
                                                               class_loader)));
  if (method_type.IsNull()) {
    DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return nullptr;
  }
  bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg++, method_type.Get());
  it.Next();

  // Append remaining arguments (if any).
  while (it.HasNext()) {
    const jvalue& jvalue = it.GetJavaValue();
    switch (it.GetValueType()) {
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kBoolean:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kByte:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kChar:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kShort:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kInt:
        bootstrap_frame->SetVReg(vreg, jvalue.i);
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kLong:
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegLong(vreg, jvalue.j);
        vreg += 2;
        break;
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kFloat:
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegFloat(vreg, jvalue.f);
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kDouble:
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegDouble(vreg, jvalue.d);
        vreg += 2;
        break;
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kMethodType: {
        uint32_t idx = static_cast<uint32_t>(jvalue.i);
        ObjPtr<mirror::MethodType> ref =
            class_linker->ResolveMethodType(*dex_file, idx, dex_cache, class_loader);
        if (ref.IsNull()) {
          DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
          return nullptr;
        }
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg, ref.Ptr());
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      }
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kMethodHandle: {
        uint32_t idx = static_cast<uint32_t>(jvalue.i);
        ObjPtr<mirror::MethodHandle> ref =
            class_linker->ResolveMethodHandle(idx, referrer);
        if (ref.IsNull()) {
          DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
          return nullptr;
        }
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg, ref.Ptr());
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      }
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kString: {
        dex::StringIndex idx(static_cast<uint32_t>(jvalue.i));
        ObjPtr<mirror::String> ref = class_linker->ResolveString(*dex_file, idx, dex_cache);
        if (ref.IsNull()) {
          DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
          return nullptr;
        }
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg, ref.Ptr());
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      }
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kType: {
        dex::TypeIndex idx(static_cast<uint32_t>(jvalue.i));
        ObjPtr<mirror::Class> ref =
            class_linker->ResolveType(*dex_file, idx, dex_cache, class_loader);
        if (ref.IsNull()) {
          DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
          return nullptr;
        }
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg, ref.Ptr());
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      }
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kNull:
        bootstrap_frame->SetVRegReference(vreg, nullptr);
        vreg += 1;
        break;
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kField:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kMethod:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kEnum:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kArray:
      case EncodedArrayValueIterator::ValueType::kAnnotation:
        // Unreachable based on current EncodedArrayValueIterator::Next().
        UNREACHABLE();
    }

    it.Next();
  }

  // Invoke the bootstrap method handle.
  JValue result;

  // This array of arguments is unused. DoInvokePolymorphic() operates on either a
  // an argument array or a range, but always takes an array argument.
  uint32_t args_unused[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs];
  ArtMethod* invoke_exact =
      jni::DecodeArtMethod(WellKnownClasses::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle_invokeExact);
  bool invoke_success = DoInvokePolymorphic<true /* is_range */>(self,
                                                                 invoke_exact,
                                                                 *bootstrap_frame,
                                                                 bootstrap,
                                                                 bootstrap_method_type,
                                                                 args_unused,
                                                                 0,
                                                                 &result);
  if (!invoke_success) {
    DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return nullptr;
  }

  Handle<mirror::Object> object(hs.NewHandle(result.GetL()));

  // Check the result is not null.
  if (UNLIKELY(object.IsNull())) {
    ThrowNullPointerException("CallSite == null");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Check the result type is a subclass of CallSite.
  if (UNLIKELY(!object->InstanceOf(mirror::CallSite::StaticClass()))) {
    ThrowClassCastException(object->GetClass(), mirror::CallSite::StaticClass());
    return nullptr;
  }

  Handle<mirror::CallSite> call_site =
      hs.NewHandle(ObjPtr<mirror::CallSite>::DownCast(ObjPtr<mirror::Object>(result.GetL())));

  // Check the call site target is not null as we're going to invoke it.
  Handle<mirror::MethodHandle> target = hs.NewHandle(call_site->GetTarget());
  if (UNLIKELY(target.IsNull())) {
    ThrowNullPointerException("CallSite target == null");
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Check the target method type matches the method type requested modulo the receiver
  // needs to be compatible rather than exact.
  Handle<mirror::MethodType> target_method_type = hs.NewHandle(target->GetMethodType());
  if (UNLIKELY(!target_method_type->IsExactMatch(method_type.Get()) &&
               !IsParameterTypeConvertible(target_method_type->GetPTypes()->GetWithoutChecks(0),
                                           method_type->GetPTypes()->GetWithoutChecks(0)))) {
    ThrowWrongMethodTypeException(target_method_type.Get(), method_type.Get());
    return nullptr;
  }

  return call_site.Get();
}

template<bool is_range>
bool DoInvokeCustom(Thread* self,
                    ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                    const Instruction* inst,
                    uint16_t inst_data,
                    JValue* result)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  // invoke-custom is not supported in transactions. In transactions
  // there is a limited set of types supported. invoke-custom allows
  // running arbitrary code and instantiating arbitrary types.
  CHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction());
  StackHandleScope<4> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::DexCache> dex_cache(hs.NewHandle(shadow_frame.GetMethod()->GetDexCache()));
  const uint32_t call_site_idx = is_range ? inst->VRegB_3rc() : inst->VRegB_35c();
  MutableHandle<mirror::CallSite>
      call_site(hs.NewHandle(dex_cache->GetResolvedCallSite(call_site_idx)));
  if (call_site.IsNull()) {
    call_site.Assign(InvokeBootstrapMethod(self, shadow_frame, call_site_idx));
    if (UNLIKELY(call_site.IsNull())) {
      CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
      ThrowWrappedBootstrapMethodError("Exception from call site #%u bootstrap method",
                                       call_site_idx);
      result->SetJ(0);
      return false;
    }
    mirror::CallSite* winning_call_site =
        dex_cache->SetResolvedCallSite(call_site_idx, call_site.Get());
    call_site.Assign(winning_call_site);
  }

  // CallSite.java checks the re-assignment of the call site target
  // when mutating call site targets. We only check the target is
  // non-null and has the right type during bootstrap method execution.
  Handle<mirror::MethodHandle> target = hs.NewHandle(call_site->GetTarget());
  Handle<mirror::MethodType> target_method_type = hs.NewHandle(target->GetMethodType());
  DCHECK_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(inst->VRegA()), target_method_type->NumberOfVRegs());

  uint32_t args[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs];
  if (is_range) {
    args[0] = inst->VRegC_3rc();
  } else {
    inst->GetVarArgs(args, inst_data);
  }

  ArtMethod* invoke_exact =
      jni::DecodeArtMethod(WellKnownClasses::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle_invokeExact);
  return DoInvokePolymorphic<is_range>(self,
                                       invoke_exact,
                                       shadow_frame,
                                       target,
                                       target_method_type,
                                       args,
                                       args[0],
                                       result);
}

template <bool is_range>
inline void CopyRegisters(ShadowFrame& caller_frame,
                          ShadowFrame* callee_frame,
                          const uint32_t (&arg)[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs],
                          const size_t first_src_reg,
                          const size_t first_dest_reg,
                          const size_t num_regs) {
  if (is_range) {
    const size_t dest_reg_bound = first_dest_reg + num_regs;
    for (size_t src_reg = first_src_reg, dest_reg = first_dest_reg; dest_reg < dest_reg_bound;
        ++dest_reg, ++src_reg) {
      AssignRegister(callee_frame, caller_frame, dest_reg, src_reg);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK_LE(num_regs, arraysize(arg));

    for (size_t arg_index = 0; arg_index < num_regs; ++arg_index) {
      AssignRegister(callee_frame, caller_frame, first_dest_reg + arg_index, arg[arg_index]);
    }
  }
}

template <bool is_range,
          bool do_assignability_check>
static inline bool DoCallCommon(ArtMethod* called_method,
                                Thread* self,
                                ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                                JValue* result,
                                uint16_t number_of_inputs,
                                uint32_t (&arg)[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs],
                                uint32_t vregC) {
  bool string_init = false;
  // Replace calls to String.<init> with equivalent StringFactory call.
  if (UNLIKELY(called_method->GetDeclaringClass()->IsStringClass()
               && called_method->IsConstructor())) {
    called_method = WellKnownClasses::StringInitToStringFactory(called_method);
    string_init = true;
  }

  // Compute method information.
  const DexFile::CodeItem* code_item = called_method->GetCodeItem();
  // Number of registers for the callee's call frame.
  uint16_t num_regs;
  // Test whether to use the interpreter or compiler entrypoint, and save that result to pass to
  // PerformCall. A deoptimization could occur at any time, and we shouldn't change which
  // entrypoint to use once we start building the shadow frame.

  // For unstarted runtimes, always use the interpreter entrypoint. This fixes the case where we are
  // doing cross compilation. Note that GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode doesn't use the image
  // pointer size here and this may case an overflow if it is called from the compiler. b/62402160
  const bool use_interpreter_entrypoint = !Runtime::Current()->IsStarted() ||
      ClassLinker::ShouldUseInterpreterEntrypoint(
          called_method,
          called_method->GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode());
  if (LIKELY(code_item != nullptr)) {
    // When transitioning to compiled code, space only needs to be reserved for the input registers.
    // The rest of the frame gets discarded. This also prevents accessing the called method's code
    // item, saving memory by keeping code items of compiled code untouched.
    if (!use_interpreter_entrypoint) {
      DCHECK(!Runtime::Current()->IsAotCompiler()) << "Compiler should use interpreter entrypoint";
      num_regs = number_of_inputs;
    } else {
      num_regs = code_item->registers_size_;
      DCHECK_EQ(string_init ? number_of_inputs - 1 : number_of_inputs, code_item->ins_size_);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(called_method->IsNative() || called_method->IsProxyMethod());
    num_regs = number_of_inputs;
  }

  // Hack for String init:
  //
  // Rewrite invoke-x java.lang.String.<init>(this, a, b, c, ...) into:
  //         invoke-x StringFactory(a, b, c, ...)
  // by effectively dropping the first virtual register from the invoke.
  //
  // (at this point the ArtMethod has already been replaced,
  // so we just need to fix-up the arguments)
  //
  // Note that FindMethodFromCode in entrypoint_utils-inl.h was also special-cased
  // to handle the compiler optimization of replacing `this` with null without
  // throwing NullPointerException.
  uint32_t string_init_vreg_this = is_range ? vregC : arg[0];
  if (UNLIKELY(string_init)) {
    DCHECK_GT(num_regs, 0u);  // As the method is an instance method, there should be at least 1.

    // The new StringFactory call is static and has one fewer argument.
    if (code_item == nullptr) {
      DCHECK(called_method->IsNative() || called_method->IsProxyMethod());
      num_regs--;
    }  // else ... don't need to change num_regs since it comes up from the string_init's code item
    number_of_inputs--;

    // Rewrite the var-args, dropping the 0th argument ("this")
    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < arraysize(arg); ++i) {
      arg[i - 1] = arg[i];
    }
    arg[arraysize(arg) - 1] = 0;

    // Rewrite the non-var-arg case
    vregC++;  // Skips the 0th vreg in the range ("this").
  }

  // Parameter registers go at the end of the shadow frame.
  DCHECK_GE(num_regs, number_of_inputs);
  size_t first_dest_reg = num_regs - number_of_inputs;
  DCHECK_NE(first_dest_reg, (size_t)-1);

  // Allocate shadow frame on the stack.
  const char* old_cause = self->StartAssertNoThreadSuspension("DoCallCommon");
  ShadowFrameAllocaUniquePtr shadow_frame_unique_ptr =
      CREATE_SHADOW_FRAME(num_regs, &shadow_frame, called_method, /* dex pc */ 0);
  ShadowFrame* new_shadow_frame = shadow_frame_unique_ptr.get();

  // Initialize new shadow frame by copying the registers from the callee shadow frame.
  if (do_assignability_check) {
    // Slow path.
    // We might need to do class loading, which incurs a thread state change to kNative. So
    // register the shadow frame as under construction and allow suspension again.
    ScopedStackedShadowFramePusher pusher(
        self, new_shadow_frame, StackedShadowFrameType::kShadowFrameUnderConstruction);
    self->EndAssertNoThreadSuspension(old_cause);

    // ArtMethod here is needed to check type information of the call site against the callee.
    // Type information is retrieved from a DexFile/DexCache for that respective declared method.
    //
    // As a special case for proxy methods, which are not dex-backed,
    // we have to retrieve type information from the proxy's method
    // interface method instead (which is dex backed since proxies are never interfaces).
    ArtMethod* method =
        new_shadow_frame->GetMethod()->GetInterfaceMethodIfProxy(kRuntimePointerSize);

    // We need to do runtime check on reference assignment. We need to load the shorty
    // to get the exact type of each reference argument.
    const DexFile::TypeList* params = method->GetParameterTypeList();
    uint32_t shorty_len = 0;
    const char* shorty = method->GetShorty(&shorty_len);

    // Handle receiver apart since it's not part of the shorty.
    size_t dest_reg = first_dest_reg;
    size_t arg_offset = 0;

    if (!method->IsStatic()) {
      size_t receiver_reg = is_range ? vregC : arg[0];
      new_shadow_frame->SetVRegReference(dest_reg, shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(receiver_reg));
      ++dest_reg;
      ++arg_offset;
      DCHECK(!string_init);  // All StringFactory methods are static.
    }

    // Copy the caller's invoke-* arguments into the callee's parameter registers.
    for (uint32_t shorty_pos = 0; dest_reg < num_regs; ++shorty_pos, ++dest_reg, ++arg_offset) {
      // Skip the 0th 'shorty' type since it represents the return type.
      DCHECK_LT(shorty_pos + 1, shorty_len) << "for shorty '" << shorty << "'";
      const size_t src_reg = (is_range) ? vregC + arg_offset : arg[arg_offset];
      switch (shorty[shorty_pos + 1]) {
        // Handle Object references. 1 virtual register slot.
        case 'L': {
          ObjPtr<mirror::Object> o = shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(src_reg);
          if (do_assignability_check && o != nullptr) {
            const dex::TypeIndex type_idx = params->GetTypeItem(shorty_pos).type_idx_;
            ObjPtr<mirror::Class> arg_type = method->GetDexCache()->GetResolvedType(type_idx);
            if (arg_type == nullptr) {
              StackHandleScope<1> hs(self);
              // Preserve o since it is used below and GetClassFromTypeIndex may cause thread
              // suspension.
              HandleWrapperObjPtr<mirror::Object> h = hs.NewHandleWrapper(&o);
              arg_type = method->ResolveClassFromTypeIndex(type_idx);
              if (arg_type == nullptr) {
                CHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
                return false;
              }
            }
            if (!o->VerifierInstanceOf(arg_type)) {
              // This should never happen.
              std::string temp1, temp2;
              self->ThrowNewExceptionF("Ljava/lang/InternalError;",
                                       "Invoking %s with bad arg %d, type '%s' not instance of '%s'",
                                       new_shadow_frame->GetMethod()->GetName(), shorty_pos,
                                       o->GetClass()->GetDescriptor(&temp1),
                                       arg_type->GetDescriptor(&temp2));
              return false;
            }
          }
          new_shadow_frame->SetVRegReference(dest_reg, o.Ptr());
          break;
        }
        // Handle doubles and longs. 2 consecutive virtual register slots.
        case 'J': case 'D': {
          uint64_t wide_value =
              (static_cast<uint64_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(src_reg + 1)) << BitSizeOf<uint32_t>()) |
               static_cast<uint32_t>(shadow_frame.GetVReg(src_reg));
          new_shadow_frame->SetVRegLong(dest_reg, wide_value);
          // Skip the next virtual register slot since we already used it.
          ++dest_reg;
          ++arg_offset;
          break;
        }
        // Handle all other primitives that are always 1 virtual register slot.
        default:
          new_shadow_frame->SetVReg(dest_reg, shadow_frame.GetVReg(src_reg));
          break;
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (is_range) {
      DCHECK_EQ(num_regs, first_dest_reg + number_of_inputs);
    }

    CopyRegisters<is_range>(shadow_frame,
                            new_shadow_frame,
                            arg,
                            vregC,
                            first_dest_reg,
                            number_of_inputs);
    self->EndAssertNoThreadSuspension(old_cause);
  }

  PerformCall(self,
              code_item,
              shadow_frame.GetMethod(),
              first_dest_reg,
              new_shadow_frame,
              result,
              use_interpreter_entrypoint);

  if (string_init && !self->IsExceptionPending()) {
    SetStringInitValueToAllAliases(&shadow_frame, string_init_vreg_this, *result);
  }

  return !self->IsExceptionPending();
}

template<bool is_range, bool do_assignability_check>
bool DoCall(ArtMethod* called_method, Thread* self, ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
            const Instruction* inst, uint16_t inst_data, JValue* result) {
  // Argument word count.
  const uint16_t number_of_inputs =
      (is_range) ? inst->VRegA_3rc(inst_data) : inst->VRegA_35c(inst_data);

  // TODO: find a cleaner way to separate non-range and range information without duplicating
  //       code.
  uint32_t arg[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs] = {};  // only used in invoke-XXX.
  uint32_t vregC = 0;
  if (is_range) {
    vregC = inst->VRegC_3rc();
  } else {
    vregC = inst->VRegC_35c();
    inst->GetVarArgs(arg, inst_data);
  }

  return DoCallCommon<is_range, do_assignability_check>(
      called_method, self, shadow_frame,
      result, number_of_inputs, arg, vregC);
}

template <bool is_range, bool do_access_check, bool transaction_active>
bool DoFilledNewArray(const Instruction* inst,
                      const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,
                      Thread* self,
                      JValue* result) {
  DCHECK(inst->Opcode() == Instruction::FILLED_NEW_ARRAY ||
         inst->Opcode() == Instruction::FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_RANGE);
  const int32_t length = is_range ? inst->VRegA_3rc() : inst->VRegA_35c();
  if (!is_range) {
    // Checks FILLED_NEW_ARRAY's length does not exceed 5 arguments.
    CHECK_LE(length, 5);
  }
  if (UNLIKELY(length < 0)) {
    ThrowNegativeArraySizeException(length);
    return false;
  }
  uint16_t type_idx = is_range ? inst->VRegB_3rc() : inst->VRegB_35c();
  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> array_class = ResolveVerifyAndClinit(dex::TypeIndex(type_idx),
                                                             shadow_frame.GetMethod(),
                                                             self,
                                                             false,
                                                             do_access_check);
  if (UNLIKELY(array_class == nullptr)) {
    DCHECK(self->IsExceptionPending());
    return false;
  }
  CHECK(array_class->IsArrayClass());
  ObjPtr<mirror::Class> component_class = array_class->GetComponentType();
  const bool is_primitive_int_component = component_class->IsPrimitiveInt();
  if (UNLIKELY(component_class->IsPrimitive() && !is_primitive_int_component)) {
    if (component_class->IsPrimitiveLong() || component_class->IsPrimitiveDouble()) {
      ThrowRuntimeException("Bad filled array request for type %s",
                            component_class->PrettyDescriptor().c_str());
    } else {
      self->ThrowNewExceptionF("Ljava/lang/InternalError;",
                               "Found type %s; filled-new-array not implemented for anything but 'int'",
                               component_class->PrettyDescriptor().c_str());
    }
    return false;
  }
  ObjPtr<mirror::Object> new_array = mirror::Array::Alloc<true>(
      self,
      array_class,
      length,
      array_class->GetComponentSizeShift(),
      Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetCurrentAllocator());
  if (UNLIKELY(new_array == nullptr)) {
    self->AssertPendingOOMException();
    return false;
  }
  uint32_t arg[Instruction::kMaxVarArgRegs];  // only used in filled-new-array.
  uint32_t vregC = 0;   // only used in filled-new-array-range.
  if (is_range) {
    vregC = inst->VRegC_3rc();
  } else {
    inst->GetVarArgs(arg);
  }
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    size_t src_reg = is_range ? vregC + i : arg[i];
    if (is_primitive_int_component) {
      new_array->AsIntArray()->SetWithoutChecks<transaction_active>(
          i, shadow_frame.GetVReg(src_reg));
    } else {
      new_array->AsObjectArray<mirror::Object>()->SetWithoutChecks<transaction_active>(
          i, shadow_frame.GetVRegReference(src_reg));
    }
  }

  result->SetL(new_array);
  return true;
}

// TODO: Use ObjPtr here.
template<typename T>
static void RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(mirror::PrimitiveArray<T>* array,
                                                 int32_t count)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
    runtime->RecordWriteArray(array, i, array->GetWithoutChecks(i));
  }
}

void RecordArrayElementsInTransaction(ObjPtr<mirror::Array> array, int32_t count)
    REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  DCHECK(Runtime::Current()->IsActiveTransaction());
  DCHECK(array != nullptr);
  DCHECK_LE(count, array->GetLength());
  Primitive::Type primitive_component_type = array->GetClass()->GetComponentType()->GetPrimitiveType();
  switch (primitive_component_type) {
    case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsBooleanArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimByte:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsByteArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsCharArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimShort:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsShortArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsIntArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsFloatArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsLongArray(), count);
      break;
    case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
      RecordArrayElementsInTransactionImpl(array->AsDoubleArray(), count);
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported primitive type " << primitive_component_type
                 << " in fill-array-data";
      break;
  }
}

// Explicit DoCall template function declarations.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(_is_range, _do_assignability_check)                      \
  template REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)                                                \
  bool DoCall<_is_range, _do_assignability_check>(ArtMethod* method, Thread* self,              \
                                                  ShadowFrame& shadow_frame,                    \
                                                  const Instruction* inst, uint16_t inst_data,  \
                                                  JValue* result)
EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(false, false);
EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(false, true);
EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(true, false);
EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(true, true);
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_CALL_TEMPLATE_DECL

// Explicit DoInvokeCustom template function declarations.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_CUSTOM_TEMPLATE_DECL(_is_range)               \
  template REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)                         \
  bool DoInvokeCustom<_is_range>(                                        \
      Thread* self, ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst,  \
      uint16_t inst_data, JValue* result)
EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_CUSTOM_TEMPLATE_DECL(false);
EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_CUSTOM_TEMPLATE_DECL(true);
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_CUSTOM_TEMPLATE_DECL

// Explicit DoInvokePolymorphic template function declarations.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_POLYMORPHIC_TEMPLATE_DECL(_is_range)          \
  template REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)                         \
  bool DoInvokePolymorphic<_is_range>(                                   \
      Thread* self, ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, const Instruction* inst,  \
      uint16_t inst_data, JValue* result)
EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_POLYMORPHIC_TEMPLATE_DECL(false);
EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_POLYMORPHIC_TEMPLATE_DECL(true);
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_INVOKE_POLYMORPHIC_TEMPLATE_DECL

// Explicit DoFilledNewArray template function declarations.
#define EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL(_is_range_, _check, _transaction_active)       \
  template REQUIRES_SHARED(Locks::mutator_lock_)                                                  \
  bool DoFilledNewArray<_is_range_, _check, _transaction_active>(const Instruction* inst,         \
                                                                 const ShadowFrame& shadow_frame, \
                                                                 Thread* self, JValue* result)
#define EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(_transaction_active)       \
  EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL(false, false, _transaction_active);  \
  EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL(false, true, _transaction_active);   \
  EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL(true, false, _transaction_active);   \
  EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL(true, true, _transaction_active)
EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(false);
EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL(true);
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_ALL_TEMPLATE_DECL
#undef EXPLICIT_DO_FILLED_NEW_ARRAY_TEMPLATE_DECL

}  // namespace interpreter
}  // namespace art