compiler/dex/quick/gen_common.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
#include "dex/compiler_ir.h"
#include "dex/compiler_internals.h"
#include "dex/quick/arm/arm_lir.h"
#include "dex/quick/mir_to_lir-inl.h"
#include "entrypoints/quick/quick_entrypoints.h"
#include "mirror/array.h"
#include "mirror/object_array-inl.h"
#include "mirror/object-inl.h"
#include "mirror/object_reference.h"
#include "verifier/method_verifier.h"
#include <functional>

namespace art {

// Shortcuts to repeatedly used long types.
typedef mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object> ObjArray;
typedef mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Class> ClassArray;

/*
 * This source files contains "gen" codegen routines that should
 * be applicable to most targets.  Only mid-level support utilities
 * and "op" calls may be used here.
 */

/*
 * Generate a kPseudoBarrier marker to indicate the boundary of special
 * blocks.
 */
void Mir2Lir::GenBarrier() {
  LIR* barrier = NewLIR0(kPseudoBarrier);
  /* Mark all resources as being clobbered */
  DCHECK(!barrier->flags.use_def_invalid);
  barrier->u.m.def_mask = &kEncodeAll;
}

void Mir2Lir::GenDivZeroException() {
  LIR* branch = OpUnconditionalBranch(nullptr);
  AddDivZeroCheckSlowPath(branch);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenDivZeroCheck(ConditionCode c_code) {
  LIR* branch = OpCondBranch(c_code, nullptr);
  AddDivZeroCheckSlowPath(branch);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenDivZeroCheck(RegStorage reg) {
  LIR* branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, reg, 0, nullptr);
  AddDivZeroCheckSlowPath(branch);
}

void Mir2Lir::AddDivZeroCheckSlowPath(LIR* branch) {
  class DivZeroCheckSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
   public:
    DivZeroCheckSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch)
        : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch) {
    }

    void Compile() OVERRIDE {
      m2l_->ResetRegPool();
      m2l_->ResetDefTracking();
      GenerateTargetLabel(kPseudoThrowTarget);
      m2l_->CallRuntimeHelper(kQuickThrowDivZero, true);
    }
  };

  AddSlowPath(new (arena_) DivZeroCheckSlowPath(this, branch));
}

void Mir2Lir::GenArrayBoundsCheck(RegStorage index, RegStorage length) {
  class ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
   public:
    ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch, RegStorage index, RegStorage length)
        : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch),
          index_(index), length_(length) {
    }

    void Compile() OVERRIDE {
      m2l_->ResetRegPool();
      m2l_->ResetDefTracking();
      GenerateTargetLabel(kPseudoThrowTarget);
      m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperRegReg(kQuickThrowArrayBounds, index_, length_, true);
    }

   private:
    const RegStorage index_;
    const RegStorage length_;
  };

  LIR* branch = OpCmpBranch(kCondUge, index, length, nullptr);
  AddSlowPath(new (arena_) ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath(this, branch, index, length));
}

void Mir2Lir::GenArrayBoundsCheck(int index, RegStorage length) {
  class ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
   public:
    ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch, int index, RegStorage length)
        : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch),
          index_(index), length_(length) {
    }

    void Compile() OVERRIDE {
      m2l_->ResetRegPool();
      m2l_->ResetDefTracking();
      GenerateTargetLabel(kPseudoThrowTarget);

      RegStorage arg1_32 = m2l_->TargetReg(kArg1, kNotWide);
      RegStorage arg0_32 = m2l_->TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide);

      m2l_->OpRegCopy(arg1_32, length_);
      m2l_->LoadConstant(arg0_32, index_);
      m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperRegReg(kQuickThrowArrayBounds, arg0_32, arg1_32, true);
    }

   private:
    const int32_t index_;
    const RegStorage length_;
  };

  LIR* branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondLs, length, index, nullptr);
  AddSlowPath(new (arena_) ArrayBoundsCheckSlowPath(this, branch, index, length));
}

LIR* Mir2Lir::GenNullCheck(RegStorage reg) {
  class NullCheckSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
   public:
    NullCheckSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch)
        : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch) {
    }

    void Compile() OVERRIDE {
      m2l_->ResetRegPool();
      m2l_->ResetDefTracking();
      GenerateTargetLabel(kPseudoThrowTarget);
      m2l_->CallRuntimeHelper(kQuickThrowNullPointer, true);
    }
  };

  LIR* branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, reg, 0, nullptr);
  AddSlowPath(new (arena_) NullCheckSlowPath(this, branch));
  return branch;
}

/* Perform null-check on a register.  */
LIR* Mir2Lir::GenNullCheck(RegStorage m_reg, int opt_flags) {
  if (!cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitNullChecks()) {
    return GenExplicitNullCheck(m_reg, opt_flags);
  }
  return nullptr;
}

/* Perform an explicit null-check on a register.  */
LIR* Mir2Lir::GenExplicitNullCheck(RegStorage m_reg, int opt_flags) {
  if (!(cu_->disable_opt & (1 << kNullCheckElimination)) && (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_NULL_CHECK)) {
    return NULL;
  }
  return GenNullCheck(m_reg);
}

void Mir2Lir::MarkPossibleNullPointerException(int opt_flags) {
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitNullChecks()) {
    if (!(cu_->disable_opt & (1 << kNullCheckElimination)) && (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_NULL_CHECK)) {
      return;
    }
    // Insert after last instruction.
    MarkSafepointPC(last_lir_insn_);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::MarkPossibleNullPointerExceptionAfter(int opt_flags, LIR* after) {
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitNullChecks()) {
    if (!(cu_->disable_opt & (1 << kNullCheckElimination)) && (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_NULL_CHECK)) {
      return;
    }
    MarkSafepointPCAfter(after);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::MarkPossibleStackOverflowException() {
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitStackOverflowChecks()) {
    MarkSafepointPC(last_lir_insn_);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::ForceImplicitNullCheck(RegStorage reg, int opt_flags) {
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitNullChecks()) {
    if (!(cu_->disable_opt & (1 << kNullCheckElimination)) && (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_NULL_CHECK)) {
      return;
    }
    // Force an implicit null check by performing a memory operation (load) from the given
    // register with offset 0.  This will cause a signal if the register contains 0 (null).
    RegStorage tmp = AllocTemp();
    // TODO: for Mips, would be best to use rZERO as the bogus register target.
    LIR* load = Load32Disp(reg, 0, tmp);
    FreeTemp(tmp);
    MarkSafepointPC(load);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenCompareAndBranch(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_src1,
                                  RegLocation rl_src2, LIR* taken,
                                  LIR* fall_through) {
  DCHECK(!rl_src1.fp);
  DCHECK(!rl_src2.fp);
  ConditionCode cond;
  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::IF_EQ:
      cond = kCondEq;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_NE:
      cond = kCondNe;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_LT:
      cond = kCondLt;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_GE:
      cond = kCondGe;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_GT:
      cond = kCondGt;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_LE:
      cond = kCondLe;
      break;
    default:
      cond = static_cast<ConditionCode>(0);
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected opcode " << opcode;
  }

  // Normalize such that if either operand is constant, src2 will be constant
  if (rl_src1.is_const) {
    RegLocation rl_temp = rl_src1;
    rl_src1 = rl_src2;
    rl_src2 = rl_temp;
    cond = FlipComparisonOrder(cond);
  }

  rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1);
  // Is this really an immediate comparison?
  if (rl_src2.is_const) {
    // If it's already live in a register or not easily materialized, just keep going
    RegLocation rl_temp = UpdateLoc(rl_src2);
    int32_t constant_value = mir_graph_->ConstantValue(rl_src2);
    if ((rl_temp.location == kLocDalvikFrame) &&
        InexpensiveConstantInt(constant_value, opcode)) {
      // OK - convert this to a compare immediate and branch
      OpCmpImmBranch(cond, rl_src1.reg, mir_graph_->ConstantValue(rl_src2), taken);
      return;
    }

    // It's also commonly more efficient to have a test against zero with Eq/Ne. This is not worse
    // for x86, and allows a cbz/cbnz for Arm and Mips. At the same time, it works around a register
    // mismatch for 64b systems, where a reference is compared against null, as dex bytecode uses
    // the 32b literal 0 for null.
    if (constant_value == 0 && (cond == kCondEq || cond == kCondNe)) {
      // Use the OpCmpImmBranch and ignore the value in the register.
      OpCmpImmBranch(cond, rl_src1.reg, 0, taken);
      return;
    }
  }

  rl_src2 = LoadValue(rl_src2);
  OpCmpBranch(cond, rl_src1.reg, rl_src2.reg, taken);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenCompareZeroAndBranch(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_src, LIR* taken,
                                      LIR* fall_through) {
  ConditionCode cond;
  DCHECK(!rl_src.fp);
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src);
  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::IF_EQZ:
      cond = kCondEq;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_NEZ:
      cond = kCondNe;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_LTZ:
      cond = kCondLt;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_GEZ:
      cond = kCondGe;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_GTZ:
      cond = kCondGt;
      break;
    case Instruction::IF_LEZ:
      cond = kCondLe;
      break;
    default:
      cond = static_cast<ConditionCode>(0);
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected opcode " << opcode;
  }
  OpCmpImmBranch(cond, rl_src.reg, 0, taken);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenIntToLong(RegLocation rl_dest, RegLocation rl_src) {
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  if (rl_src.location == kLocPhysReg) {
    OpRegCopy(rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg);
  } else {
    LoadValueDirect(rl_src, rl_result.reg.GetLow());
  }
  OpRegRegImm(kOpAsr, rl_result.reg.GetHigh(), rl_result.reg.GetLow(), 31);
  StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenIntNarrowing(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_dest,
                              RegLocation rl_src) {
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  OpKind op = kOpInvalid;
  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::INT_TO_BYTE:
      op = kOp2Byte;
      break;
    case Instruction::INT_TO_SHORT:
       op = kOp2Short;
       break;
    case Instruction::INT_TO_CHAR:
       op = kOp2Char;
       break;
    default:
      LOG(ERROR) << "Bad int conversion type";
  }
  OpRegReg(op, rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg);
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
}

/*
 * Let helper function take care of everything.  Will call
 * Array::AllocFromCode(type_idx, method, count);
 * Note: AllocFromCode will handle checks for errNegativeArraySize.
 */
void Mir2Lir::GenNewArray(uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest,
                          RegLocation rl_src) {
  FlushAllRegs();  /* Everything to home location */
  const DexFile* dex_file = cu_->dex_file;
  CompilerDriver* driver = cu_->compiler_driver;
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx, *dex_file, type_idx)) {
    bool is_type_initialized;  // Ignored as an array does not have an initializer.
    bool use_direct_type_ptr;
    uintptr_t direct_type_ptr;
    bool is_finalizable;
    if (kEmbedClassInCode &&
        driver->CanEmbedTypeInCode(*dex_file, type_idx, &is_type_initialized, &use_direct_type_ptr,
                                   &direct_type_ptr, &is_finalizable)) {
      // The fast path.
      if (!use_direct_type_ptr) {
        LoadClassType(*dex_file, type_idx, kArg0);
        CallRuntimeHelperRegMethodRegLocation(kQuickAllocArrayResolved, TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide),
                                              rl_src, true);
      } else {
        // Use the direct pointer.
        CallRuntimeHelperImmMethodRegLocation(kQuickAllocArrayResolved, direct_type_ptr, rl_src,
                                              true);
      }
    } else {
      // The slow path.
      CallRuntimeHelperImmMethodRegLocation(kQuickAllocArray, type_idx, rl_src, true);
    }
  } else {
    CallRuntimeHelperImmMethodRegLocation(kQuickAllocArrayWithAccessCheck, type_idx, rl_src, true);
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, GetReturn(kRefReg));
}

/*
 * Similar to GenNewArray, but with post-allocation initialization.
 * Verifier guarantees we're dealing with an array class.  Current
 * code throws runtime exception "bad Filled array req" for 'D' and 'J'.
 * Current code also throws internal unimp if not 'L', '[' or 'I'.
 */
void Mir2Lir::GenFilledNewArray(CallInfo* info) {
  int elems = info->num_arg_words;
  int type_idx = info->index;
  FlushAllRegs();  /* Everything to home location */
  QuickEntrypointEnum target;
  if (cu_->compiler_driver->CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx, *cu_->dex_file,
                                                       type_idx)) {
    target = kQuickCheckAndAllocArray;
  } else {
    target = kQuickCheckAndAllocArrayWithAccessCheck;
  }
  CallRuntimeHelperImmMethodImm(target, type_idx, elems, true);
  FreeTemp(TargetReg(kArg2, kNotWide));
  FreeTemp(TargetReg(kArg1, kNotWide));
  /*
   * NOTE: the implicit target for Instruction::FILLED_NEW_ARRAY is the
   * return region.  Because AllocFromCode placed the new array
   * in kRet0, we'll just lock it into place.  When debugger support is
   * added, it may be necessary to additionally copy all return
   * values to a home location in thread-local storage
   */
  RegStorage ref_reg = TargetReg(kRet0, kRef);
  LockTemp(ref_reg);

  // TODO: use the correct component size, currently all supported types
  // share array alignment with ints (see comment at head of function)
  size_t component_size = sizeof(int32_t);

  // Having a range of 0 is legal
  if (info->is_range && (elems > 0)) {
    /*
     * Bit of ugliness here.  We're going generate a mem copy loop
     * on the register range, but it is possible that some regs
     * in the range have been promoted.  This is unlikely, but
     * before generating the copy, we'll just force a flush
     * of any regs in the source range that have been promoted to
     * home location.
     */
    for (int i = 0; i < elems; i++) {
      RegLocation loc = UpdateLoc(info->args[i]);
      if (loc.location == kLocPhysReg) {
        ScopedMemRefType mem_ref_type(this, ResourceMask::kDalvikReg);
        Store32Disp(TargetPtrReg(kSp), SRegOffset(loc.s_reg_low), loc.reg);
      }
    }
    /*
     * TUNING note: generated code here could be much improved, but
     * this is an uncommon operation and isn't especially performance
     * critical.
     */
    // This is addressing the stack, which may be out of the 4G area.
    RegStorage r_src = AllocTempRef();
    RegStorage r_dst = AllocTempRef();
    RegStorage r_idx = AllocTempRef();  // Not really a reference, but match src/dst.
    RegStorage r_val;
    switch (cu_->instruction_set) {
      case kThumb2:
      case kArm64:
        r_val = TargetReg(kLr, kNotWide);
        break;
      case kX86:
      case kX86_64:
        FreeTemp(ref_reg);
        r_val = AllocTemp();
        break;
      case kMips:
        r_val = AllocTemp();
        break;
      default: LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected instruction set: " << cu_->instruction_set;
    }
    // Set up source pointer
    RegLocation rl_first = info->args[0];
    OpRegRegImm(kOpAdd, r_src, TargetPtrReg(kSp), SRegOffset(rl_first.s_reg_low));
    // Set up the target pointer
    OpRegRegImm(kOpAdd, r_dst, ref_reg,
                mirror::Array::DataOffset(component_size).Int32Value());
    // Set up the loop counter (known to be > 0)
    LoadConstant(r_idx, elems - 1);
    // Generate the copy loop.  Going backwards for convenience
    LIR* target = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);
    // Copy next element
    {
      ScopedMemRefType mem_ref_type(this, ResourceMask::kDalvikReg);
      LoadBaseIndexed(r_src, r_idx, r_val, 2, k32);
      // NOTE: No dalvik register annotation, local optimizations will be stopped
      // by the loop boundaries.
    }
    StoreBaseIndexed(r_dst, r_idx, r_val, 2, k32);
    FreeTemp(r_val);
    OpDecAndBranch(kCondGe, r_idx, target);
    if (cu_->instruction_set == kX86 || cu_->instruction_set == kX86_64) {
      // Restore the target pointer
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAdd, ref_reg, r_dst,
                  -mirror::Array::DataOffset(component_size).Int32Value());
    }
  } else if (!info->is_range) {
    // TUNING: interleave
    for (int i = 0; i < elems; i++) {
      RegLocation rl_arg = LoadValue(info->args[i], kCoreReg);
      Store32Disp(ref_reg,
                  mirror::Array::DataOffset(component_size).Int32Value() + i * 4, rl_arg.reg);
      // If the LoadValue caused a temp to be allocated, free it
      if (IsTemp(rl_arg.reg)) {
        FreeTemp(rl_arg.reg);
      }
    }
  }
  if (info->result.location != kLocInvalid) {
    StoreValue(info->result, GetReturn(kRefReg));
  }
}

//
// Slow path to ensure a class is initialized for sget/sput.
//
class StaticFieldSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
 public:
  StaticFieldSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* unresolved, LIR* uninit, LIR* cont, int storage_index,
                      RegStorage r_base) :
    LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), unresolved, cont), uninit_(uninit),
               storage_index_(storage_index), r_base_(r_base) {
  }

  void Compile() {
    LIR* unresolved_target = GenerateTargetLabel();
    uninit_->target = unresolved_target;
    m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperImm(kQuickInitializeStaticStorage, storage_index_, true);
    // Copy helper's result into r_base, a no-op on all but MIPS.
    m2l_->OpRegCopy(r_base_,  m2l_->TargetReg(kRet0, kRef));

    m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
  }

 private:
  LIR* const uninit_;
  const int storage_index_;
  const RegStorage r_base_;
};

void Mir2Lir::GenSput(MIR* mir, RegLocation rl_src, OpSize size) {
  const MirSFieldLoweringInfo& field_info = mir_graph_->GetSFieldLoweringInfo(mir);
  cu_->compiler_driver->ProcessedStaticField(field_info.FastPut(), field_info.IsReferrersClass());
  if (!SLOW_FIELD_PATH && field_info.FastPut()) {
    DCHECK_GE(field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value(), 0);
    RegStorage r_base;
    if (field_info.IsReferrersClass()) {
      // Fast path, static storage base is this method's class
      RegLocation rl_method = LoadCurrMethod();
      r_base = AllocTempRef();
      LoadRefDisp(rl_method.reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DeclaringClassOffset().Int32Value(), r_base,
                  kNotVolatile);
      if (IsTemp(rl_method.reg)) {
        FreeTemp(rl_method.reg);
      }
    } else {
      // Medium path, static storage base in a different class which requires checks that the other
      // class is initialized.
      // TODO: remove initialized check now that we are initializing classes in the compiler driver.
      DCHECK_NE(field_info.StorageIndex(), DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
      // May do runtime call so everything to home locations.
      FlushAllRegs();
      // Using fixed register to sync with possible call to runtime support.
      RegStorage r_method = TargetReg(kArg1, kRef);
      LockTemp(r_method);
      LoadCurrMethodDirect(r_method);
      r_base = TargetReg(kArg0, kRef);
      LockTemp(r_base);
      LoadRefDisp(r_method, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value(), r_base,
                  kNotVolatile);
      int32_t offset_of_field = ObjArray::OffsetOfElement(field_info.StorageIndex()).Int32Value();
      LoadRefDisp(r_base, offset_of_field, r_base, kNotVolatile);
      // r_base now points at static storage (Class*) or NULL if the type is not yet resolved.
      if (!field_info.IsInitialized() &&
          (mir->optimization_flags & MIR_IGNORE_CLINIT_CHECK) == 0) {
        // Check if r_base is NULL or a not yet initialized class.

        // The slow path is invoked if the r_base is NULL or the class pointed
        // to by it is not initialized.
        LIR* unresolved_branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, r_base, 0, NULL);
        RegStorage r_tmp = TargetReg(kArg2, kNotWide);
        LockTemp(r_tmp);
        LIR* uninit_branch = OpCmpMemImmBranch(kCondLt, r_tmp, r_base,
                                          mirror::Class::StatusOffset().Int32Value(),
                                          mirror::Class::kStatusInitialized, nullptr, nullptr);
        LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

        AddSlowPath(new (arena_) StaticFieldSlowPath(this, unresolved_branch, uninit_branch, cont,
                                                     field_info.StorageIndex(), r_base));

        FreeTemp(r_tmp);
        // Ensure load of status and store of value don't re-order.
        // TODO: Presumably the actual value store is control-dependent on the status load,
        // and will thus not be reordered in any case, since stores are never speculated.
        // Does later code "know" that the class is now initialized?  If so, we still
        // need the barrier to guard later static loads.
        GenMemBarrier(kLoadAny);
      }
      FreeTemp(r_method);
    }
    // rBase now holds static storage base
    RegisterClass reg_class = RegClassForFieldLoadStore(size, field_info.IsVolatile());
    if (IsWide(size)) {
      rl_src = LoadValueWide(rl_src, reg_class);
    } else {
      rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, reg_class);
    }
    if (IsRef(size)) {
      StoreRefDisp(r_base, field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value(), rl_src.reg,
                   field_info.IsVolatile() ? kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    } else {
      StoreBaseDisp(r_base, field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value(), rl_src.reg, size,
                    field_info.IsVolatile() ? kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    }
    if (IsRef(size) && !mir_graph_->IsConstantNullRef(rl_src)) {
      MarkGCCard(rl_src.reg, r_base);
    }
    FreeTemp(r_base);
  } else {
    FlushAllRegs();  // Everything to home locations
    QuickEntrypointEnum target;
    switch (size) {
      case kReference:
        target = kQuickSetObjStatic;
        break;
      case k64:
      case kDouble:
        target = kQuickSet64Static;
        break;
      case k32:
      case kSingle:
        target = kQuickSet32Static;
        break;
      case kSignedHalf:
      case kUnsignedHalf:
        target = kQuickSet16Static;
        break;
      case kSignedByte:
      case kUnsignedByte:
        target = kQuickSet8Static;
        break;
      case kWord:  // Intentional fallthrough.
      default:
        LOG(FATAL) << "Can't determine entrypoint for: " << size;
        target = kQuickSet32Static;
    }
    CallRuntimeHelperImmRegLocation(target, field_info.FieldIndex(), rl_src, true);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenSget(MIR* mir, RegLocation rl_dest, OpSize size, Primitive::Type type) {
  const MirSFieldLoweringInfo& field_info = mir_graph_->GetSFieldLoweringInfo(mir);
  cu_->compiler_driver->ProcessedStaticField(field_info.FastGet(), field_info.IsReferrersClass());

  if (!SLOW_FIELD_PATH && field_info.FastGet()) {
    DCHECK_GE(field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value(), 0);
    RegStorage r_base;
    if (field_info.IsReferrersClass()) {
      // Fast path, static storage base is this method's class
      RegLocation rl_method  = LoadCurrMethod();
      r_base = AllocTempRef();
      LoadRefDisp(rl_method.reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DeclaringClassOffset().Int32Value(), r_base,
                  kNotVolatile);
    } else {
      // Medium path, static storage base in a different class which requires checks that the other
      // class is initialized
      DCHECK_NE(field_info.StorageIndex(), DexFile::kDexNoIndex);
      // May do runtime call so everything to home locations.
      FlushAllRegs();
      // Using fixed register to sync with possible call to runtime support.
      RegStorage r_method = TargetReg(kArg1, kRef);
      LockTemp(r_method);
      LoadCurrMethodDirect(r_method);
      r_base = TargetReg(kArg0, kRef);
      LockTemp(r_base);
      LoadRefDisp(r_method, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value(), r_base,
                  kNotVolatile);
      int32_t offset_of_field = ObjArray::OffsetOfElement(field_info.StorageIndex()).Int32Value();
      LoadRefDisp(r_base, offset_of_field, r_base, kNotVolatile);
      // r_base now points at static storage (Class*) or NULL if the type is not yet resolved.
      if (!field_info.IsInitialized() &&
          (mir->optimization_flags & MIR_IGNORE_CLINIT_CHECK) == 0) {
        // Check if r_base is NULL or a not yet initialized class.

        // The slow path is invoked if the r_base is NULL or the class pointed
        // to by it is not initialized.
        LIR* unresolved_branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, r_base, 0, NULL);
        RegStorage r_tmp = TargetReg(kArg2, kNotWide);
        LockTemp(r_tmp);
        LIR* uninit_branch = OpCmpMemImmBranch(kCondLt, r_tmp, r_base,
                                          mirror::Class::StatusOffset().Int32Value(),
                                          mirror::Class::kStatusInitialized, nullptr, nullptr);
        LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

        AddSlowPath(new (arena_) StaticFieldSlowPath(this, unresolved_branch, uninit_branch, cont,
                                                     field_info.StorageIndex(), r_base));

        FreeTemp(r_tmp);
        // Ensure load of status and load of value don't re-order.
        GenMemBarrier(kLoadAny);
      }
      FreeTemp(r_method);
    }
    // r_base now holds static storage base
    RegisterClass reg_class = RegClassForFieldLoadStore(size, field_info.IsVolatile());
    RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, reg_class, true);

    int field_offset = field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value();
    if (IsRef(size)) {
      // TODO: DCHECK?
      LoadRefDisp(r_base, field_offset, rl_result.reg, field_info.IsVolatile() ? kVolatile :
          kNotVolatile);
    } else {
      LoadBaseDisp(r_base, field_offset, rl_result.reg, size, field_info.IsVolatile() ?
          kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    }
    FreeTemp(r_base);

    if (IsWide(size)) {
      StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
    } else {
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(SizeMatchesTypeForEntrypoint(size, type));
    FlushAllRegs();  // Everything to home locations
    QuickEntrypointEnum target;
    switch (type) {
      case Primitive::kPrimNot:
        target = kQuickGetObjStatic;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
        target = kQuickGet64Static;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimInt:
      case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
        target = kQuickGet32Static;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimShort:
        target = kQuickGetShortStatic;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimChar:
        target = kQuickGetCharStatic;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimByte:
        target = kQuickGetByteStatic;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
        target = kQuickGetBooleanStatic;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimVoid:  // Intentional fallthrough.
      default:
        LOG(FATAL) << "Can't determine entrypoint for: " << type;
        target = kQuickGet32Static;
    }
    CallRuntimeHelperImm(target, field_info.FieldIndex(), true);

    // FIXME: pGetXXStatic always return an int or int64 regardless of rl_dest.fp.
    if (IsWide(size)) {
      RegLocation rl_result = GetReturnWide(kCoreReg);
      StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
    } else {
      RegLocation rl_result = GetReturn(rl_dest.ref ? kRefReg : kCoreReg);
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    }
  }
}

// Generate code for all slow paths.
void Mir2Lir::HandleSlowPaths() {
  // We should check slow_paths_.Size() every time, because a new slow path
  // may be created during slowpath->Compile().
  for (LIRSlowPath* slowpath : slow_paths_) {
    slowpath->Compile();
  }
  slow_paths_.clear();
}

void Mir2Lir::GenIGet(MIR* mir, int opt_flags, OpSize size, Primitive::Type type,
                      RegLocation rl_dest, RegLocation rl_obj) {
  const MirIFieldLoweringInfo& field_info = mir_graph_->GetIFieldLoweringInfo(mir);
  cu_->compiler_driver->ProcessedInstanceField(field_info.FastGet());
  if (!SLOW_FIELD_PATH && field_info.FastGet()) {
    RegisterClass reg_class = RegClassForFieldLoadStore(size, field_info.IsVolatile());
    // A load of the class will lead to an iget with offset 0.
    DCHECK_GE(field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value(), 0);
    rl_obj = LoadValue(rl_obj, kRefReg);
    GenNullCheck(rl_obj.reg, opt_flags);
    RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, reg_class, true);
    int field_offset = field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value();
    LIR* load_lir;
    if (IsRef(size)) {
      load_lir = LoadRefDisp(rl_obj.reg, field_offset, rl_result.reg, field_info.IsVolatile() ?
          kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    } else {
      load_lir = LoadBaseDisp(rl_obj.reg, field_offset, rl_result.reg, size,
                              field_info.IsVolatile() ? kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    }
    MarkPossibleNullPointerExceptionAfter(opt_flags, load_lir);
    if (IsWide(size)) {
      StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
    } else {
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(SizeMatchesTypeForEntrypoint(size, type));
    QuickEntrypointEnum target;
    switch (type) {
      case Primitive::kPrimNot:
        target = kQuickGetObjInstance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimLong:
      case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
        target = kQuickGet64Instance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
      case Primitive::kPrimInt:
        target = kQuickGet32Instance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimShort:
        target = kQuickGetShortInstance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimChar:
        target = kQuickGetCharInstance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimByte:
        target = kQuickGetByteInstance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimBoolean:
        target = kQuickGetBooleanInstance;
        break;
      case Primitive::kPrimVoid:  // Intentional fallthrough.
      default:
        LOG(FATAL) << "Can't determine entrypoint for: " << type;
        target = kQuickGet32Instance;
    }
    // Second argument of pGetXXInstance is always a reference.
    DCHECK_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(rl_obj.wide), 0U);
    CallRuntimeHelperImmRegLocation(target, field_info.FieldIndex(), rl_obj, true);

    // FIXME: pGetXXInstance always return an int or int64 regardless of rl_dest.fp.
    if (IsWide(size)) {
      RegLocation rl_result = GetReturnWide(kCoreReg);
      StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
    } else {
      RegLocation rl_result = GetReturn(rl_dest.ref ? kRefReg : kCoreReg);
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    }
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenIPut(MIR* mir, int opt_flags, OpSize size,
                      RegLocation rl_src, RegLocation rl_obj) {
  const MirIFieldLoweringInfo& field_info = mir_graph_->GetIFieldLoweringInfo(mir);
  cu_->compiler_driver->ProcessedInstanceField(field_info.FastPut());
  if (!SLOW_FIELD_PATH && field_info.FastPut()) {
    RegisterClass reg_class = RegClassForFieldLoadStore(size, field_info.IsVolatile());
    // Dex code never writes to the class field.
    DCHECK_GE(static_cast<uint32_t>(field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value()),
              sizeof(mirror::HeapReference<mirror::Class>));
    rl_obj = LoadValue(rl_obj, kRefReg);
    if (IsWide(size)) {
      rl_src = LoadValueWide(rl_src, reg_class);
    } else {
      rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, reg_class);
    }
    GenNullCheck(rl_obj.reg, opt_flags);
    int field_offset = field_info.FieldOffset().Int32Value();
    LIR* store;
    if (IsRef(size)) {
      store = StoreRefDisp(rl_obj.reg, field_offset, rl_src.reg, field_info.IsVolatile() ?
          kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    } else {
      store = StoreBaseDisp(rl_obj.reg, field_offset, rl_src.reg, size,
                            field_info.IsVolatile() ? kVolatile : kNotVolatile);
    }
    MarkPossibleNullPointerExceptionAfter(opt_flags, store);
    if (IsRef(size) && !mir_graph_->IsConstantNullRef(rl_src)) {
      MarkGCCard(rl_src.reg, rl_obj.reg);
    }
  } else {
    QuickEntrypointEnum target;
    switch (size) {
      case kReference:
        target = kQuickSetObjInstance;
        break;
      case k64:
      case kDouble:
        target = kQuickSet64Instance;
        break;
      case k32:
      case kSingle:
        target = kQuickSet32Instance;
        break;
      case kSignedHalf:
      case kUnsignedHalf:
        target = kQuickSet16Instance;
        break;
      case kSignedByte:
      case kUnsignedByte:
        target = kQuickSet8Instance;
        break;
      case kWord:  // Intentional fallthrough.
      default:
        LOG(FATAL) << "Can't determine entrypoint for: " << size;
        target = kQuickSet32Instance;
    }
    CallRuntimeHelperImmRegLocationRegLocation(target, field_info.FieldIndex(), rl_obj, rl_src,
                                               true);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenArrayObjPut(int opt_flags, RegLocation rl_array, RegLocation rl_index,
                             RegLocation rl_src) {
  bool needs_range_check = !(opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_RANGE_CHECK);
  bool needs_null_check = !((cu_->disable_opt & (1 << kNullCheckElimination)) &&
      (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_NULL_CHECK));
  QuickEntrypointEnum target = needs_range_check
        ? (needs_null_check ? kQuickAputObjectWithNullAndBoundCheck
                            : kQuickAputObjectWithBoundCheck)
        : kQuickAputObject;
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocationRegLocationRegLocation(target, rl_array, rl_index, rl_src, true);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenConstClass(uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest) {
  RegLocation rl_method = LoadCurrMethod();
  CheckRegLocation(rl_method);
  RegStorage res_reg = AllocTempRef();
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kRefReg, true);
  if (!cu_->compiler_driver->CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx,
                                                        *cu_->dex_file,
                                                        type_idx)) {
    // Call out to helper which resolves type and verifies access.
    // Resolved type returned in kRet0.
    CallRuntimeHelperImmReg(kQuickInitializeTypeAndVerifyAccess, type_idx, rl_method.reg, true);
    RegLocation rl_result = GetReturn(kRefReg);
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  } else {
    // We're don't need access checks, load type from dex cache
    int32_t dex_cache_offset =
        mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value();
    LoadRefDisp(rl_method.reg, dex_cache_offset, res_reg, kNotVolatile);
    int32_t offset_of_type = ClassArray::OffsetOfElement(type_idx).Int32Value();
    LoadRefDisp(res_reg, offset_of_type, rl_result.reg, kNotVolatile);
    if (!cu_->compiler_driver->CanAssumeTypeIsPresentInDexCache(*cu_->dex_file,
        type_idx) || SLOW_TYPE_PATH) {
      // Slow path, at runtime test if type is null and if so initialize
      FlushAllRegs();
      LIR* branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, rl_result.reg, 0, NULL);
      LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

      // Object to generate the slow path for class resolution.
      class SlowPath : public LIRSlowPath {
       public:
        SlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* fromfast, LIR* cont, const int type_idx,
                 const RegLocation& rl_method, const RegLocation& rl_result) :
                   LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), fromfast, cont), type_idx_(type_idx),
                   rl_method_(rl_method), rl_result_(rl_result) {
        }

        void Compile() {
          GenerateTargetLabel();

          m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperImmReg(kQuickInitializeType, type_idx_, rl_method_.reg, true);
          m2l_->OpRegCopy(rl_result_.reg,  m2l_->TargetReg(kRet0, kRef));
          m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
        }

       private:
        const int type_idx_;
        const RegLocation rl_method_;
        const RegLocation rl_result_;
      };

      // Add to list for future.
      AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SlowPath(this, branch, cont, type_idx, rl_method, rl_result));

      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
     } else {
      // Fast path, we're done - just store result
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    }
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenConstString(uint32_t string_idx, RegLocation rl_dest) {
  /* NOTE: Most strings should be available at compile time */
  int32_t offset_of_string = mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::String>::OffsetOfElement(string_idx).
                                                                                      Int32Value();
  if (!cu_->compiler_driver->CanAssumeStringIsPresentInDexCache(
      *cu_->dex_file, string_idx) || SLOW_STRING_PATH) {
    // slow path, resolve string if not in dex cache
    FlushAllRegs();
    LockCallTemps();  // Using explicit registers

    // If the Method* is already in a register, we can save a copy.
    RegLocation rl_method = mir_graph_->GetMethodLoc();
    RegStorage r_method;
    if (rl_method.location == kLocPhysReg) {
      // A temp would conflict with register use below.
      DCHECK(!IsTemp(rl_method.reg));
      r_method = rl_method.reg;
    } else {
      r_method = TargetReg(kArg2, kRef);
      LoadCurrMethodDirect(r_method);
    }
    LoadRefDisp(r_method, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheStringsOffset().Int32Value(),
                TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), kNotVolatile);

    // Might call out to helper, which will return resolved string in kRet0
    LoadRefDisp(TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), offset_of_string, TargetReg(kRet0, kRef), kNotVolatile);
    LIR* fromfast = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, TargetReg(kRet0, kRef), 0, NULL);
    LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

    {
      // Object to generate the slow path for string resolution.
      class SlowPath : public LIRSlowPath {
       public:
        SlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* fromfast, LIR* cont, RegStorage r_method, int32_t string_idx) :
          LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), fromfast, cont),
          r_method_(r_method), string_idx_(string_idx) {
        }

        void Compile() {
          GenerateTargetLabel();
          m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperRegImm(kQuickResolveString, r_method_, string_idx_, true);
          m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
        }

       private:
         const RegStorage r_method_;
         const int32_t string_idx_;
      };

      AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SlowPath(this, fromfast, cont, r_method, string_idx));
    }

    GenBarrier();
    StoreValue(rl_dest, GetReturn(kRefReg));
  } else {
    RegLocation rl_method = LoadCurrMethod();
    RegStorage res_reg = AllocTempRef();
    RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kRefReg, true);
    LoadRefDisp(rl_method.reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheStringsOffset().Int32Value(), res_reg,
                kNotVolatile);
    LoadRefDisp(res_reg, offset_of_string, rl_result.reg, kNotVolatile);
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  }
}

/*
 * Let helper function take care of everything.  Will
 * call Class::NewInstanceFromCode(type_idx, method);
 */
void Mir2Lir::GenNewInstance(uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest) {
  FlushAllRegs();  /* Everything to home location */
  // alloc will always check for resolution, do we also need to verify
  // access because the verifier was unable to?
  const DexFile* dex_file = cu_->dex_file;
  CompilerDriver* driver = cu_->compiler_driver;
  if (driver->CanAccessInstantiableTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx, *dex_file, type_idx)) {
    bool is_type_initialized;
    bool use_direct_type_ptr;
    uintptr_t direct_type_ptr;
    bool is_finalizable;
    if (kEmbedClassInCode &&
        driver->CanEmbedTypeInCode(*dex_file, type_idx, &is_type_initialized, &use_direct_type_ptr,
                                   &direct_type_ptr, &is_finalizable) &&
                                   !is_finalizable) {
      // The fast path.
      if (!use_direct_type_ptr) {
        LoadClassType(*dex_file, type_idx, kArg0);
        if (!is_type_initialized) {
          CallRuntimeHelperRegMethod(kQuickAllocObjectResolved, TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), true);
        } else {
          CallRuntimeHelperRegMethod(kQuickAllocObjectInitialized, TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), true);
        }
      } else {
        // Use the direct pointer.
        if (!is_type_initialized) {
          CallRuntimeHelperImmMethod(kQuickAllocObjectResolved, direct_type_ptr, true);
        } else {
          CallRuntimeHelperImmMethod(kQuickAllocObjectInitialized, direct_type_ptr, true);
        }
      }
    } else {
      // The slow path.
      CallRuntimeHelperImmMethod(kQuickAllocObject, type_idx, true);
    }
  } else {
    CallRuntimeHelperImmMethod(kQuickAllocObjectWithAccessCheck, type_idx, true);
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, GetReturn(kRefReg));
}

void Mir2Lir::GenThrow(RegLocation rl_src) {
  FlushAllRegs();
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocation(kQuickDeliverException, rl_src, true);
}

// For final classes there are no sub-classes to check and so we can answer the instance-of
// question with simple comparisons.
void Mir2Lir::GenInstanceofFinal(bool use_declaring_class, uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest,
                                 RegLocation rl_src) {
  // X86 has its own implementation.
  DCHECK(cu_->instruction_set != kX86 && cu_->instruction_set != kX86_64);

  RegLocation object = LoadValue(rl_src, kRefReg);
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  RegStorage result_reg = rl_result.reg;
  if (IsSameReg(result_reg, object.reg)) {
    result_reg = AllocTypedTemp(false, kCoreReg);
    DCHECK(!IsSameReg(result_reg, object.reg));
  }
  LoadConstant(result_reg, 0);     // assume false
  LIR* null_branchover = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, object.reg, 0, NULL);

  RegStorage check_class = AllocTypedTemp(false, kRefReg);
  RegStorage object_class = AllocTypedTemp(false, kRefReg);

  LoadCurrMethodDirect(check_class);
  if (use_declaring_class) {
    LoadRefDisp(check_class, mirror::ArtMethod::DeclaringClassOffset().Int32Value(), check_class,
                kNotVolatile);
    LoadRefDisp(object.reg,  mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(), object_class,
                kNotVolatile);
  } else {
    LoadRefDisp(check_class, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value(),
                check_class, kNotVolatile);
    LoadRefDisp(object.reg,  mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(), object_class,
                kNotVolatile);
    int32_t offset_of_type = ClassArray::OffsetOfElement(type_idx).Int32Value();
    LoadRefDisp(check_class, offset_of_type, check_class, kNotVolatile);
  }

  // FIXME: what should we be comparing here? compressed or decompressed references?
  if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
    OpRegReg(kOpCmp, check_class, object_class);  // Same?
    LIR* it = OpIT(kCondEq, "");   // if-convert the test
    LoadConstant(result_reg, 1);     // .eq case - load true
    OpEndIT(it);
  } else {
    GenSelectConst32(check_class, object_class, kCondEq, 1, 0, result_reg, kCoreReg);
  }
  LIR* target = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);
  null_branchover->target = target;
  FreeTemp(object_class);
  FreeTemp(check_class);
  if (IsTemp(result_reg)) {
    OpRegCopy(rl_result.reg, result_reg);
    FreeTemp(result_reg);
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenInstanceofCallingHelper(bool needs_access_check, bool type_known_final,
                                         bool type_known_abstract, bool use_declaring_class,
                                         bool can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache,
                                         uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest,
                                         RegLocation rl_src) {
  FlushAllRegs();
  // May generate a call - use explicit registers
  LockCallTemps();
  RegStorage method_reg = TargetReg(kArg1, kRef);
  LoadCurrMethodDirect(method_reg);   // kArg1 <= current Method*
  RegStorage class_reg = TargetReg(kArg2, kRef);  // kArg2 will hold the Class*
  RegStorage ref_reg = TargetReg(kArg0, kRef);  // kArg0 will hold the ref.
  RegStorage ret_reg = GetReturn(kRefReg).reg;
  if (needs_access_check) {
    // Check we have access to type_idx and if not throw IllegalAccessError,
    // returns Class* in kArg0
    CallRuntimeHelperImm(kQuickInitializeTypeAndVerifyAccess, type_idx, true);
    OpRegCopy(class_reg, ret_reg);  // Align usage with fast path
    LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, ref_reg);  // kArg0 <= ref
  } else if (use_declaring_class) {
    LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, ref_reg);  // kArg0 <= ref
    LoadRefDisp(method_reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DeclaringClassOffset().Int32Value(),
                class_reg, kNotVolatile);
  } else {
    if (can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache) {
      // Conditionally, as in the other case we will also load it.
      LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, ref_reg);  // kArg0 <= ref
    }

    // Load dex cache entry into class_reg (kArg2)
    LoadRefDisp(method_reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value(),
                class_reg, kNotVolatile);
    int32_t offset_of_type = ClassArray::OffsetOfElement(type_idx).Int32Value();
    LoadRefDisp(class_reg, offset_of_type, class_reg, kNotVolatile);
    if (!can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache) {
      LIR* slow_path_branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, class_reg, 0, NULL);
      LIR* slow_path_target = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

      // Should load value here.
      LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, ref_reg);  // kArg0 <= ref

      class InitTypeSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
       public:
        InitTypeSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch, LIR* cont, uint32_t type_idx,
                         RegLocation rl_src)
            : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch, cont), type_idx_(type_idx),
              rl_src_(rl_src) {
        }

        void Compile() OVERRIDE {
          GenerateTargetLabel();

          m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperImm(kQuickInitializeType, type_idx_, true);
          m2l_->OpRegCopy(m2l_->TargetReg(kArg2, kRef),
                          m2l_->TargetReg(kRet0, kRef));  // Align usage with fast path
          m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
        }

       private:
        uint32_t type_idx_;
        RegLocation rl_src_;
      };

      AddSlowPath(new (arena_) InitTypeSlowPath(this, slow_path_branch, slow_path_target,
                                                type_idx, rl_src));
    }
  }
  /* kArg0 is ref, kArg2 is class. If ref==null, use directly as bool result */
  RegLocation rl_result = GetReturn(kCoreReg);
  if (!IsSameReg(rl_result.reg, ref_reg)) {
    // On MIPS and x86_64 rArg0 != rl_result, place false in result if branch is taken.
    LoadConstant(rl_result.reg, 0);
  }
  LIR* branch1 = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, ref_reg, 0, NULL);

  /* load object->klass_ */
  RegStorage ref_class_reg = TargetReg(kArg1, kRef);  // kArg1 will hold the Class* of ref.
  DCHECK_EQ(mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(), 0);
  LoadRefDisp(ref_reg, mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(),
              ref_class_reg, kNotVolatile);
  /* kArg0 is ref, kArg1 is ref->klass_, kArg2 is class */
  LIR* branchover = NULL;
  if (type_known_final) {
    // rl_result == ref == class.
    GenSelectConst32(ref_class_reg, class_reg, kCondEq, 1, 0, rl_result.reg,
                     kCoreReg);
  } else {
    if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
      RegStorage r_tgt = LoadHelper(kQuickInstanceofNonTrivial);
      LIR* it = nullptr;
      if (!type_known_abstract) {
      /* Uses conditional nullification */
        OpRegReg(kOpCmp, ref_class_reg, class_reg);  // Same?
        it = OpIT(kCondEq, "EE");   // if-convert the test
        LoadConstant(rl_result.reg, 1);     // .eq case - load true
      }
      OpRegCopy(ref_reg, class_reg);    // .ne case - arg0 <= class
      OpReg(kOpBlx, r_tgt);    // .ne case: helper(class, ref->class)
      if (it != nullptr) {
        OpEndIT(it);
      }
      FreeTemp(r_tgt);
    } else {
      if (!type_known_abstract) {
        /* Uses branchovers */
        LoadConstant(rl_result.reg, 1);     // assume true
        branchover = OpCmpBranch(kCondEq, TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), TargetReg(kArg2, kRef), NULL);
      }

      OpRegCopy(TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), class_reg);    // .ne case - arg0 <= class
      CallRuntimeHelper(kQuickInstanceofNonTrivial, false);
    }
  }
  // TODO: only clobber when type isn't final?
  ClobberCallerSave();
  /* branch targets here */
  LIR* target = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  branch1->target = target;
  if (branchover != nullptr) {
    branchover->target = target;
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenInstanceof(uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_dest, RegLocation rl_src) {
  bool type_known_final, type_known_abstract, use_declaring_class;
  bool needs_access_check = !cu_->compiler_driver->CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx,
                                                                              *cu_->dex_file,
                                                                              type_idx,
                                                                              &type_known_final,
                                                                              &type_known_abstract,
                                                                              &use_declaring_class);
  bool can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache = !needs_access_check &&
      cu_->compiler_driver->CanAssumeTypeIsPresentInDexCache(*cu_->dex_file, type_idx);

  if ((use_declaring_class || can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache) && type_known_final) {
    GenInstanceofFinal(use_declaring_class, type_idx, rl_dest, rl_src);
  } else {
    GenInstanceofCallingHelper(needs_access_check, type_known_final, type_known_abstract,
                               use_declaring_class, can_assume_type_is_in_dex_cache,
                               type_idx, rl_dest, rl_src);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenCheckCast(uint32_t insn_idx, uint32_t type_idx, RegLocation rl_src) {
  bool type_known_final, type_known_abstract, use_declaring_class;
  bool needs_access_check = !cu_->compiler_driver->CanAccessTypeWithoutChecks(cu_->method_idx,
                                                                              *cu_->dex_file,
                                                                              type_idx,
                                                                              &type_known_final,
                                                                              &type_known_abstract,
                                                                              &use_declaring_class);
  // Note: currently type_known_final is unused, as optimizing will only improve the performance
  // of the exception throw path.
  DexCompilationUnit* cu = mir_graph_->GetCurrentDexCompilationUnit();
  if (!needs_access_check && cu_->compiler_driver->IsSafeCast(cu, insn_idx)) {
    // Verifier type analysis proved this check cast would never cause an exception.
    return;
  }
  FlushAllRegs();
  // May generate a call - use explicit registers
  LockCallTemps();
  RegStorage method_reg = TargetReg(kArg1, kRef);
  LoadCurrMethodDirect(method_reg);  // kArg1 <= current Method*
  RegStorage class_reg = TargetReg(kArg2, kRef);  // kArg2 will hold the Class*
  if (needs_access_check) {
    // Check we have access to type_idx and if not throw IllegalAccessError,
    // returns Class* in kRet0
    // InitializeTypeAndVerifyAccess(idx, method)
    CallRuntimeHelperImm(kQuickInitializeTypeAndVerifyAccess, type_idx, true);
    OpRegCopy(class_reg, TargetReg(kRet0, kRef));  // Align usage with fast path
  } else if (use_declaring_class) {
    LoadRefDisp(method_reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DeclaringClassOffset().Int32Value(),
                class_reg, kNotVolatile);
  } else {
    // Load dex cache entry into class_reg (kArg2)
    LoadRefDisp(method_reg, mirror::ArtMethod::DexCacheResolvedTypesOffset().Int32Value(),
                class_reg, kNotVolatile);
    int32_t offset_of_type = ClassArray::OffsetOfElement(type_idx).Int32Value();
    LoadRefDisp(class_reg, offset_of_type, class_reg, kNotVolatile);
    if (!cu_->compiler_driver->CanAssumeTypeIsPresentInDexCache(*cu_->dex_file, type_idx)) {
      // Need to test presence of type in dex cache at runtime
      LIR* hop_branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, class_reg, 0, NULL);
      LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

      // Slow path to initialize the type.  Executed if the type is NULL.
      class SlowPath : public LIRSlowPath {
       public:
        SlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* fromfast, LIR* cont, const int type_idx,
                 const RegStorage class_reg) :
                   LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), fromfast, cont), type_idx_(type_idx),
                   class_reg_(class_reg) {
        }

        void Compile() {
          GenerateTargetLabel();

          // Call out to helper, which will return resolved type in kArg0
          // InitializeTypeFromCode(idx, method)
          m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperImmReg(kQuickInitializeType, type_idx_,
                                        m2l_->TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), true);
          m2l_->OpRegCopy(class_reg_, m2l_->TargetReg(kRet0, kRef));  // Align usage with fast path
          m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
        }

       public:
        const int type_idx_;
        const RegStorage class_reg_;
      };

      AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SlowPath(this, hop_branch, cont, type_idx, class_reg));
    }
  }
  // At this point, class_reg (kArg2) has class
  LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, TargetReg(kArg0, kRef));  // kArg0 <= ref

  // Slow path for the case where the classes are not equal.  In this case we need
  // to call a helper function to do the check.
  class SlowPath : public LIRSlowPath {
   public:
    SlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* fromfast, LIR* cont, bool load):
               LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), fromfast, cont), load_(load) {
    }

    void Compile() {
      GenerateTargetLabel();

      if (load_) {
        m2l_->LoadRefDisp(m2l_->TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(),
                          m2l_->TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), kNotVolatile);
      }
      m2l_->CallRuntimeHelperRegReg(kQuickCheckCast, m2l_->TargetReg(kArg2, kRef),
                                    m2l_->TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), true);
      m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
    }

   private:
    const bool load_;
  };

  if (type_known_abstract) {
    // Easier case, run slow path if target is non-null (slow path will load from target)
    LIR* branch = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondNe, TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), 0, nullptr);
    LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);
    AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SlowPath(this, branch, cont, true));
  } else {
    // Harder, more common case.  We need to generate a forward branch over the load
    // if the target is null.  If it's non-null we perform the load and branch to the
    // slow path if the classes are not equal.

    /* Null is OK - continue */
    LIR* branch1 = OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), 0, nullptr);
    /* load object->klass_ */
    DCHECK_EQ(mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(), 0);
    LoadRefDisp(TargetReg(kArg0, kRef), mirror::Object::ClassOffset().Int32Value(),
                TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), kNotVolatile);

    LIR* branch2 = OpCmpBranch(kCondNe, TargetReg(kArg1, kRef), class_reg, nullptr);
    LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);

    // Add the slow path that will not perform load since this is already done.
    AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SlowPath(this, branch2, cont, false));

    // Set the null check to branch to the continuation.
    branch1->target = cont;
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenLong3Addr(OpKind first_op, OpKind second_op, RegLocation rl_dest,
                           RegLocation rl_src1, RegLocation rl_src2) {
  RegLocation rl_result;
  if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
    /*
     * NOTE:  This is the one place in the code in which we might have
     * as many as six live temporary registers.  There are 5 in the normal
     * set for Arm.  Until we have spill capabilities, temporarily add
     * lr to the temp set.  It is safe to do this locally, but note that
     * lr is used explicitly elsewhere in the code generator and cannot
     * normally be used as a general temp register.
     */
    MarkTemp(TargetReg(kLr, kNotWide));   // Add lr to the temp pool
    FreeTemp(TargetReg(kLr, kNotWide));   // and make it available
  }
  rl_src1 = LoadValueWide(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
  rl_src2 = LoadValueWide(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
  rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  // The longs may overlap - use intermediate temp if so
  if ((rl_result.reg.GetLowReg() == rl_src1.reg.GetHighReg()) || (rl_result.reg.GetLowReg() == rl_src2.reg.GetHighReg())) {
    RegStorage t_reg = AllocTemp();
    OpRegRegReg(first_op, t_reg, rl_src1.reg.GetLow(), rl_src2.reg.GetLow());
    OpRegRegReg(second_op, rl_result.reg.GetHigh(), rl_src1.reg.GetHigh(), rl_src2.reg.GetHigh());
    OpRegCopy(rl_result.reg.GetLow(), t_reg);
    FreeTemp(t_reg);
  } else {
    OpRegRegReg(first_op, rl_result.reg.GetLow(), rl_src1.reg.GetLow(), rl_src2.reg.GetLow());
    OpRegRegReg(second_op, rl_result.reg.GetHigh(), rl_src1.reg.GetHigh(), rl_src2.reg.GetHigh());
  }
  /*
   * NOTE: If rl_dest refers to a frame variable in a large frame, the
   * following StoreValueWide might need to allocate a temp register.
   * To further work around the lack of a spill capability, explicitly
   * free any temps from rl_src1 & rl_src2 that aren't still live in rl_result.
   * Remove when spill is functional.
   */
  FreeRegLocTemps(rl_result, rl_src1);
  FreeRegLocTemps(rl_result, rl_src2);
  StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
  if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
    Clobber(TargetReg(kLr, kNotWide));
    UnmarkTemp(TargetReg(kLr, kNotWide));  // Remove lr from the temp pool
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenShiftOpLong(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_dest,
                             RegLocation rl_src1, RegLocation rl_shift) {
  QuickEntrypointEnum target;
  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::SHL_LONG:
    case Instruction::SHL_LONG_2ADDR:
      target = kQuickShlLong;
      break;
    case Instruction::SHR_LONG:
    case Instruction::SHR_LONG_2ADDR:
      target = kQuickShrLong;
      break;
    case Instruction::USHR_LONG:
    case Instruction::USHR_LONG_2ADDR:
      target = kQuickUshrLong;
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected case";
      target = kQuickShlLong;
  }
  FlushAllRegs();   /* Send everything to home location */
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocationRegLocation(target, rl_src1, rl_shift, false);
  RegLocation rl_result = GetReturnWide(kCoreReg);
  StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
}


void Mir2Lir::GenArithOpInt(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_dest,
                            RegLocation rl_src1, RegLocation rl_src2) {
  DCHECK(cu_->instruction_set != kX86 && cu_->instruction_set != kX86_64);
  OpKind op = kOpBkpt;
  bool is_div_rem = false;
  bool check_zero = false;
  bool unary = false;
  RegLocation rl_result;
  bool shift_op = false;
  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::NEG_INT:
      op = kOpNeg;
      unary = true;
      break;
    case Instruction::NOT_INT:
      op = kOpMvn;
      unary = true;
      break;
    case Instruction::ADD_INT:
    case Instruction::ADD_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpAdd;
      break;
    case Instruction::SUB_INT:
    case Instruction::SUB_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpSub;
      break;
    case Instruction::MUL_INT:
    case Instruction::MUL_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpMul;
      break;
    case Instruction::DIV_INT:
    case Instruction::DIV_INT_2ADDR:
      check_zero = true;
      op = kOpDiv;
      is_div_rem = true;
      break;
    /* NOTE: returns in kArg1 */
    case Instruction::REM_INT:
    case Instruction::REM_INT_2ADDR:
      check_zero = true;
      op = kOpRem;
      is_div_rem = true;
      break;
    case Instruction::AND_INT:
    case Instruction::AND_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpAnd;
      break;
    case Instruction::OR_INT:
    case Instruction::OR_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpOr;
      break;
    case Instruction::XOR_INT:
    case Instruction::XOR_INT_2ADDR:
      op = kOpXor;
      break;
    case Instruction::SHL_INT:
    case Instruction::SHL_INT_2ADDR:
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpLsl;
      break;
    case Instruction::SHR_INT:
    case Instruction::SHR_INT_2ADDR:
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpAsr;
      break;
    case Instruction::USHR_INT:
    case Instruction::USHR_INT_2ADDR:
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpLsr;
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid word arith op: " << opcode;
  }
  if (!is_div_rem) {
    if (unary) {
      rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
      rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
      OpRegReg(op, rl_result.reg, rl_src1.reg);
    } else {
      if ((shift_op) && (cu_->instruction_set != kArm64)) {
        rl_src2 = LoadValue(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
        RegStorage t_reg = AllocTemp();
        OpRegRegImm(kOpAnd, t_reg, rl_src2.reg, 31);
        rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
        rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
        OpRegRegReg(op, rl_result.reg, rl_src1.reg, t_reg);
        FreeTemp(t_reg);
      } else {
        rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
        rl_src2 = LoadValue(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
        rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
        OpRegRegReg(op, rl_result.reg, rl_src1.reg, rl_src2.reg);
      }
    }
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  } else {
    bool done = false;      // Set to true if we happen to find a way to use a real instruction.
    if (cu_->instruction_set == kMips || cu_->instruction_set == kArm64) {
      rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
      rl_src2 = LoadValue(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
      if (check_zero) {
        GenDivZeroCheck(rl_src2.reg);
      }
      rl_result = GenDivRem(rl_dest, rl_src1.reg, rl_src2.reg, op == kOpDiv);
      done = true;
    } else if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
      if (cu_->GetInstructionSetFeatures().HasDivideInstruction()) {
        // Use ARM SDIV instruction for division.  For remainder we also need to
        // calculate using a MUL and subtract.
        rl_src1 = LoadValue(rl_src1, kCoreReg);
        rl_src2 = LoadValue(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
        if (check_zero) {
          GenDivZeroCheck(rl_src2.reg);
        }
        rl_result = GenDivRem(rl_dest, rl_src1.reg, rl_src2.reg, op == kOpDiv);
        done = true;
      }
    }

    // If we haven't already generated the code use the callout function.
    if (!done) {
      FlushAllRegs();   /* Send everything to home location */
      LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src2, TargetReg(kArg1, kNotWide));
      RegStorage r_tgt = CallHelperSetup(kQuickIdivmod);
      LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src1, TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide));
      if (check_zero) {
        GenDivZeroCheck(TargetReg(kArg1, kNotWide));
      }
      // NOTE: callout here is not a safepoint.
      CallHelper(r_tgt, kQuickIdivmod, false /* not a safepoint */);
      if (op == kOpDiv)
        rl_result = GetReturn(kCoreReg);
      else
        rl_result = GetReturnAlt();
    }
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  }
}

/*
 * The following are the first-level codegen routines that analyze the format
 * of each bytecode then either dispatch special purpose codegen routines
 * or produce corresponding Thumb instructions directly.
 */

// Returns true if no more than two bits are set in 'x'.
static bool IsPopCountLE2(unsigned int x) {
  x &= x - 1;
  return (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
}

// Returns true if it added instructions to 'cu' to divide 'rl_src' by 'lit'
// and store the result in 'rl_dest'.
bool Mir2Lir::HandleEasyDivRem(Instruction::Code dalvik_opcode, bool is_div,
                               RegLocation rl_src, RegLocation rl_dest, int lit) {
  if ((lit < 2) || ((cu_->instruction_set != kThumb2) && !IsPowerOfTwo(lit))) {
    return false;
  }
  // No divide instruction for Arm, so check for more special cases
  if ((cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) && !IsPowerOfTwo(lit)) {
    return SmallLiteralDivRem(dalvik_opcode, is_div, rl_src, rl_dest, lit);
  }
  int k = LowestSetBit(lit);
  if (k >= 30) {
    // Avoid special cases.
    return false;
  }
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  if (is_div) {
    RegStorage t_reg = AllocTemp();
    if (lit == 2) {
      // Division by 2 is by far the most common division by constant.
      OpRegRegImm(kOpLsr, t_reg, rl_src.reg, 32 - k);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpAdd, t_reg, t_reg, rl_src.reg);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAsr, rl_result.reg, t_reg, k);
    } else {
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAsr, t_reg, rl_src.reg, 31);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpLsr, t_reg, t_reg, 32 - k);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpAdd, t_reg, t_reg, rl_src.reg);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAsr, rl_result.reg, t_reg, k);
    }
  } else {
    RegStorage t_reg1 = AllocTemp();
    RegStorage t_reg2 = AllocTemp();
    if (lit == 2) {
      OpRegRegImm(kOpLsr, t_reg1, rl_src.reg, 32 - k);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpAdd, t_reg2, t_reg1, rl_src.reg);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAnd, t_reg2, t_reg2, lit -1);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpSub, rl_result.reg, t_reg2, t_reg1);
    } else {
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAsr, t_reg1, rl_src.reg, 31);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpLsr, t_reg1, t_reg1, 32 - k);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpAdd, t_reg2, t_reg1, rl_src.reg);
      OpRegRegImm(kOpAnd, t_reg2, t_reg2, lit - 1);
      OpRegRegReg(kOpSub, rl_result.reg, t_reg2, t_reg1);
    }
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  return true;
}

// Returns true if it added instructions to 'cu' to multiply 'rl_src' by 'lit'
// and store the result in 'rl_dest'.
bool Mir2Lir::HandleEasyMultiply(RegLocation rl_src, RegLocation rl_dest, int lit) {
  if (lit < 0) {
    return false;
  }
  if (lit == 0) {
    RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
    LoadConstant(rl_result.reg, 0);
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    return true;
  }
  if (lit == 1) {
    rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
    RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
    OpRegCopy(rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg);
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
    return true;
  }
  // There is RegRegRegShift on Arm, so check for more special cases
  if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
    return EasyMultiply(rl_src, rl_dest, lit);
  }
  // Can we simplify this multiplication?
  bool power_of_two = false;
  bool pop_count_le2 = false;
  bool power_of_two_minus_one = false;
  if (IsPowerOfTwo(lit)) {
    power_of_two = true;
  } else if (IsPopCountLE2(lit)) {
    pop_count_le2 = true;
  } else if (IsPowerOfTwo(lit + 1)) {
    power_of_two_minus_one = true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  if (power_of_two) {
    // Shift.
    OpRegRegImm(kOpLsl, rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg, LowestSetBit(lit));
  } else if (pop_count_le2) {
    // Shift and add and shift.
    int first_bit = LowestSetBit(lit);
    int second_bit = LowestSetBit(lit ^ (1 << first_bit));
    GenMultiplyByTwoBitMultiplier(rl_src, rl_result, lit, first_bit, second_bit);
  } else {
    // Reverse subtract: (src << (shift + 1)) - src.
    DCHECK(power_of_two_minus_one);
    // TUNING: rsb dst, src, src lsl#LowestSetBit(lit + 1)
    RegStorage t_reg = AllocTemp();
    OpRegRegImm(kOpLsl, t_reg, rl_src.reg, LowestSetBit(lit + 1));
    OpRegRegReg(kOpSub, rl_result.reg, t_reg, rl_src.reg);
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  return true;
}

void Mir2Lir::GenArithOpIntLit(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_dest, RegLocation rl_src,
                               int lit) {
  RegLocation rl_result;
  OpKind op = static_cast<OpKind>(0);    /* Make gcc happy */
  int shift_op = false;
  bool is_div = false;

  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::RSUB_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::RSUB_INT: {
      rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
      rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
      if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
        OpRegRegImm(kOpRsub, rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg, lit);
      } else {
        OpRegReg(kOpNeg, rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg);
        OpRegImm(kOpAdd, rl_result.reg, lit);
      }
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
      return;
    }

    case Instruction::SUB_INT:
    case Instruction::SUB_INT_2ADDR:
      lit = -lit;
      // Intended fallthrough
    case Instruction::ADD_INT:
    case Instruction::ADD_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::ADD_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::ADD_INT_LIT16:
      op = kOpAdd;
      break;
    case Instruction::MUL_INT:
    case Instruction::MUL_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::MUL_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::MUL_INT_LIT16: {
      if (HandleEasyMultiply(rl_src, rl_dest, lit)) {
        return;
      }
      op = kOpMul;
      break;
    }
    case Instruction::AND_INT:
    case Instruction::AND_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::AND_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::AND_INT_LIT16:
      op = kOpAnd;
      break;
    case Instruction::OR_INT:
    case Instruction::OR_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::OR_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::OR_INT_LIT16:
      op = kOpOr;
      break;
    case Instruction::XOR_INT:
    case Instruction::XOR_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::XOR_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::XOR_INT_LIT16:
      op = kOpXor;
      break;
    case Instruction::SHL_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::SHL_INT:
    case Instruction::SHL_INT_2ADDR:
      lit &= 31;
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpLsl;
      break;
    case Instruction::SHR_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::SHR_INT:
    case Instruction::SHR_INT_2ADDR:
      lit &= 31;
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpAsr;
      break;
    case Instruction::USHR_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::USHR_INT:
    case Instruction::USHR_INT_2ADDR:
      lit &= 31;
      shift_op = true;
      op = kOpLsr;
      break;

    case Instruction::DIV_INT:
    case Instruction::DIV_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::DIV_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::DIV_INT_LIT16:
    case Instruction::REM_INT:
    case Instruction::REM_INT_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::REM_INT_LIT8:
    case Instruction::REM_INT_LIT16: {
      if (lit == 0) {
        GenDivZeroException();
        return;
      }
      if ((opcode == Instruction::DIV_INT) ||
          (opcode == Instruction::DIV_INT_2ADDR) ||
          (opcode == Instruction::DIV_INT_LIT8) ||
          (opcode == Instruction::DIV_INT_LIT16)) {
        is_div = true;
      } else {
        is_div = false;
      }
      if (HandleEasyDivRem(opcode, is_div, rl_src, rl_dest, lit)) {
        return;
      }

      bool done = false;
      if (cu_->instruction_set == kMips || cu_->instruction_set == kArm64) {
        rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
        rl_result = GenDivRemLit(rl_dest, rl_src.reg, lit, is_div);
        done = true;
      } else if (cu_->instruction_set == kX86 || cu_->instruction_set == kX86_64) {
        rl_result = GenDivRemLit(rl_dest, rl_src, lit, is_div);
        done = true;
      } else if (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) {
        if (cu_->GetInstructionSetFeatures().HasDivideInstruction()) {
          // Use ARM SDIV instruction for division.  For remainder we also need to
          // calculate using a MUL and subtract.
          rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
          rl_result = GenDivRemLit(rl_dest, rl_src.reg, lit, is_div);
          done = true;
        }
      }

      if (!done) {
        FlushAllRegs();   /* Everything to home location. */
        LoadValueDirectFixed(rl_src, TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide));
        Clobber(TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide));
        CallRuntimeHelperRegImm(kQuickIdivmod, TargetReg(kArg0, kNotWide), lit, false);
        if (is_div)
          rl_result = GetReturn(kCoreReg);
        else
          rl_result = GetReturnAlt();
      }
      StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
      return;
    }
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected opcode " << opcode;
  }
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
  // Avoid shifts by literal 0 - no support in Thumb.  Change to copy.
  if (shift_op && (lit == 0)) {
    OpRegCopy(rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg);
  } else {
    OpRegRegImm(op, rl_result.reg, rl_src.reg, lit);
  }
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenArithOpLong(Instruction::Code opcode, RegLocation rl_dest,
                             RegLocation rl_src1, RegLocation rl_src2) {
  RegLocation rl_result;
  OpKind first_op = kOpBkpt;
  OpKind second_op = kOpBkpt;
  bool call_out = false;
  bool check_zero = false;
  int ret_reg = TargetReg(kRet0, kNotWide).GetReg();
  QuickEntrypointEnum target;

  switch (opcode) {
    case Instruction::NOT_LONG:
      rl_src2 = LoadValueWide(rl_src2, kCoreReg);
      rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kCoreReg, true);
      // Check for destructive overlap
      if (rl_result.reg.GetLowReg() == rl_src2.reg.GetHighReg()) {
        RegStorage t_reg = AllocTemp();
        OpRegCopy(t_reg, rl_src2.reg.GetHigh());
        OpRegReg(kOpMvn, rl_result.reg.GetLow(), rl_src2.reg.GetLow());
        OpRegReg(kOpMvn, rl_result.reg.GetHigh(), t_reg);
        FreeTemp(t_reg);
      } else {
        OpRegReg(kOpMvn, rl_result.reg.GetLow(), rl_src2.reg.GetLow());
        OpRegReg(kOpMvn, rl_result.reg.GetHigh(), rl_src2.reg.GetHigh());
      }
      StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
      return;
    case Instruction::ADD_LONG:
    case Instruction::ADD_LONG_2ADDR:
      first_op = kOpAdd;
      second_op = kOpAdc;
      break;
    case Instruction::SUB_LONG:
    case Instruction::SUB_LONG_2ADDR:
      first_op = kOpSub;
      second_op = kOpSbc;
      break;
    case Instruction::MUL_LONG:
    case Instruction::MUL_LONG_2ADDR:
      call_out = true;
      ret_reg = TargetReg(kRet0, kNotWide).GetReg();
      target = kQuickLmul;
      break;
    case Instruction::DIV_LONG:
    case Instruction::DIV_LONG_2ADDR:
      call_out = true;
      check_zero = true;
      ret_reg = TargetReg(kRet0, kNotWide).GetReg();
      target = kQuickLdiv;
      break;
    case Instruction::REM_LONG:
    case Instruction::REM_LONG_2ADDR:
      call_out = true;
      check_zero = true;
      target = kQuickLmod;
      /* NOTE - for Arm, result is in kArg2/kArg3 instead of kRet0/kRet1 */
      ret_reg = (cu_->instruction_set == kThumb2) ? TargetReg(kArg2, kNotWide).GetReg() :
          TargetReg(kRet0, kNotWide).GetReg();
      break;
    case Instruction::AND_LONG_2ADDR:
    case Instruction::AND_LONG:
      first_op = kOpAnd;
      second_op = kOpAnd;
      break;
    case Instruction::OR_LONG:
    case Instruction::OR_LONG_2ADDR:
      first_op = kOpOr;
      second_op = kOpOr;
      break;
    case Instruction::XOR_LONG:
    case Instruction::XOR_LONG_2ADDR:
      first_op = kOpXor;
      second_op = kOpXor;
      break;
    default:
      LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid long arith op";
  }
  if (!call_out) {
    GenLong3Addr(first_op, second_op, rl_dest, rl_src1, rl_src2);
  } else {
    FlushAllRegs();   /* Send everything to home location */
    if (check_zero) {
      RegStorage r_tmp1 = TargetReg(kArg0, kWide);
      RegStorage r_tmp2 = TargetReg(kArg2, kWide);
      LoadValueDirectWideFixed(rl_src2, r_tmp2);
      RegStorage r_tgt = CallHelperSetup(target);
      GenDivZeroCheckWide(r_tmp2);
      LoadValueDirectWideFixed(rl_src1, r_tmp1);
      // NOTE: callout here is not a safepoint
      CallHelper(r_tgt, target, false /* not safepoint */);
    } else {
      CallRuntimeHelperRegLocationRegLocation(target, rl_src1, rl_src2, false);
    }
    // Adjust return regs in to handle case of rem returning kArg2/kArg3
    if (ret_reg == TargetReg(kRet0, kNotWide).GetReg())
      rl_result = GetReturnWide(kCoreReg);
    else
      rl_result = GetReturnWideAlt();
    StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenConst(RegLocation rl_dest, int value) {
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kAnyReg, true);
  LoadConstantNoClobber(rl_result.reg, value);
  StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  if (value == 0) {
    Workaround7250540(rl_dest, rl_result.reg);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenConversionCall(QuickEntrypointEnum trampoline, RegLocation rl_dest,
                                RegLocation rl_src) {
  /*
   * Don't optimize the register usage since it calls out to support
   * functions
   */

  FlushAllRegs();   /* Send everything to home location */
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocation(trampoline, rl_src, false);
  if (rl_dest.wide) {
    RegLocation rl_result;
    rl_result = GetReturnWide(LocToRegClass(rl_dest));
    StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
  } else {
    RegLocation rl_result;
    rl_result = GetReturn(LocToRegClass(rl_dest));
    StoreValue(rl_dest, rl_result);
  }
}

class SuspendCheckSlowPath : public Mir2Lir::LIRSlowPath {
 public:
  SuspendCheckSlowPath(Mir2Lir* m2l, LIR* branch, LIR* cont)
      : LIRSlowPath(m2l, m2l->GetCurrentDexPc(), branch, cont) {
  }

  void Compile() OVERRIDE {
    m2l_->ResetRegPool();
    m2l_->ResetDefTracking();
    GenerateTargetLabel(kPseudoSuspendTarget);
    m2l_->CallRuntimeHelper(kQuickTestSuspend, true);
    if (cont_ != nullptr) {
      m2l_->OpUnconditionalBranch(cont_);
    }
  }
};

/* Check if we need to check for pending suspend request */
void Mir2Lir::GenSuspendTest(int opt_flags) {
  if (!cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitSuspendChecks()) {
    if (NO_SUSPEND || (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_SUSPEND_CHECK)) {
      return;
    }
    FlushAllRegs();
    LIR* branch = OpTestSuspend(NULL);
    LIR* cont = NewLIR0(kPseudoTargetLabel);
    AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SuspendCheckSlowPath(this, branch, cont));
  } else {
    if (NO_SUSPEND || (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_SUSPEND_CHECK)) {
      return;
    }
    FlushAllRegs();     // TODO: needed?
    LIR* inst = CheckSuspendUsingLoad();
    MarkSafepointPC(inst);
  }
}

/* Check if we need to check for pending suspend request */
void Mir2Lir::GenSuspendTestAndBranch(int opt_flags, LIR* target) {
  if (!cu_->compiler_driver->GetCompilerOptions().GetImplicitSuspendChecks()) {
    if (NO_SUSPEND || (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_SUSPEND_CHECK)) {
      OpUnconditionalBranch(target);
      return;
    }
    OpTestSuspend(target);
    FlushAllRegs();
    LIR* branch = OpUnconditionalBranch(nullptr);
    AddSlowPath(new (arena_) SuspendCheckSlowPath(this, branch, target));
  } else {
    // For the implicit suspend check, just perform the trigger
    // load and branch to the target.
    if (NO_SUSPEND || (opt_flags & MIR_IGNORE_SUSPEND_CHECK)) {
      OpUnconditionalBranch(target);
      return;
    }
    FlushAllRegs();
    LIR* inst = CheckSuspendUsingLoad();
    MarkSafepointPC(inst);
    OpUnconditionalBranch(target);
  }
}

/* Call out to helper assembly routine that will null check obj and then lock it. */
void Mir2Lir::GenMonitorEnter(int opt_flags, RegLocation rl_src) {
  FlushAllRegs();
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocation(kQuickLockObject, rl_src, true);
}

/* Call out to helper assembly routine that will null check obj and then unlock it. */
void Mir2Lir::GenMonitorExit(int opt_flags, RegLocation rl_src) {
  FlushAllRegs();
  CallRuntimeHelperRegLocation(kQuickUnlockObject, rl_src, true);
}

/* Generic code for generating a wide constant into a VR. */
void Mir2Lir::GenConstWide(RegLocation rl_dest, int64_t value) {
  RegLocation rl_result = EvalLoc(rl_dest, kAnyReg, true);
  LoadConstantWide(rl_result.reg, value);
  StoreValueWide(rl_dest, rl_result);
}

void Mir2Lir::GenSmallPackedSwitch(MIR* mir, DexOffset table_offset, RegLocation rl_src) {
  const uint16_t* table = mir_graph_->GetTable(mir, table_offset);
  const uint16_t entries = table[1];
  // Chained cmp-and-branch.
  const int32_t* as_int32 = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(&table[2]);
  int32_t current_key = as_int32[0];
  const int32_t* targets = &as_int32[1];
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  int i = 0;
  for (; i < entries; i++, current_key++) {
    if (!InexpensiveConstantInt(current_key, Instruction::Code::IF_EQ)) {
      // Switch to using a temp and add.
      break;
    }
    BasicBlock* case_block =
        mir_graph_->FindBlock(current_dalvik_offset_ + targets[i]);
    OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, rl_src.reg, current_key, &block_label_list_[case_block->id]);
  }
  if (i < entries) {
    // The rest do not seem to be inexpensive. Try to allocate a temp and use add.
    RegStorage key_temp = AllocTypedTemp(false, kCoreReg, false);
    if (key_temp.Valid()) {
      LoadConstantNoClobber(key_temp, current_key);
      for (; i < entries - 1; i++, current_key++) {
        BasicBlock* case_block =
            mir_graph_->FindBlock(current_dalvik_offset_ + targets[i]);
        OpCmpBranch(kCondEq, rl_src.reg, key_temp, &block_label_list_[case_block->id]);
        OpRegImm(kOpAdd, key_temp, 1);  // Increment key.
      }
      BasicBlock* case_block =
          mir_graph_->FindBlock(current_dalvik_offset_ + targets[i]);
      OpCmpBranch(kCondEq, rl_src.reg, key_temp, &block_label_list_[case_block->id]);
    } else {
      // No free temp, just finish the old loop.
      for (; i < entries; i++, current_key++) {
        BasicBlock* case_block =
            mir_graph_->FindBlock(current_dalvik_offset_ + targets[i]);
        OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, rl_src.reg, current_key, &block_label_list_[case_block->id]);
      }
    }
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenPackedSwitch(MIR* mir, DexOffset table_offset, RegLocation rl_src) {
  const uint16_t* table = mir_graph_->GetTable(mir, table_offset);
  if (cu_->verbose) {
    DumpSparseSwitchTable(table);
  }

  const uint16_t entries = table[1];
  if (entries <= kSmallSwitchThreshold) {
    GenSmallPackedSwitch(mir, table_offset, rl_src);
  } else {
    // Use the backend-specific implementation.
    GenLargePackedSwitch(mir, table_offset, rl_src);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenSmallSparseSwitch(MIR* mir, DexOffset table_offset, RegLocation rl_src) {
  const uint16_t* table = mir_graph_->GetTable(mir, table_offset);
  const uint16_t entries = table[1];
  // Chained cmp-and-branch.
  const int32_t* keys = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(&table[2]);
  const int32_t* targets = &keys[entries];
  rl_src = LoadValue(rl_src, kCoreReg);
  for (int i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
    int key = keys[i];
    BasicBlock* case_block =
        mir_graph_->FindBlock(current_dalvik_offset_ + targets[i]);
    OpCmpImmBranch(kCondEq, rl_src.reg, key, &block_label_list_[case_block->id]);
  }
}

void Mir2Lir::GenSparseSwitch(MIR* mir, DexOffset table_offset, RegLocation rl_src) {
  const uint16_t* table = mir_graph_->GetTable(mir, table_offset);
  if (cu_->verbose) {
    DumpSparseSwitchTable(table);
  }

  const uint16_t entries = table[1];
  if (entries <= kSmallSwitchThreshold) {
    GenSmallSparseSwitch(mir, table_offset, rl_src);
  } else {
    // Use the backend-specific implementation.
    GenLargeSparseSwitch(mir, table_offset, rl_src);
  }
}

bool Mir2Lir::SizeMatchesTypeForEntrypoint(OpSize size, Primitive::Type type) {
  switch (size) {
    case kReference:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimNot;
    case k64:
    case kDouble:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimLong || type == Primitive::kPrimDouble;
    case k32:
    case kSingle:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimInt || type == Primitive::kPrimFloat;
    case kSignedHalf:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimShort;
    case kUnsignedHalf:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimChar;
    case kSignedByte:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimByte;
    case kUnsignedByte:
      return type == Primitive::kPrimBoolean;
    case kWord:  // Intentional fallthrough.
    default:
      return false;  // There are no sane types with this op size.
  }
}

}  // namespace art